WO2016080405A1 - Plaque à usage agricole - Google Patents
Plaque à usage agricole Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016080405A1 WO2016080405A1 PCT/JP2015/082302 JP2015082302W WO2016080405A1 WO 2016080405 A1 WO2016080405 A1 WO 2016080405A1 JP 2015082302 W JP2015082302 W JP 2015082302W WO 2016080405 A1 WO2016080405 A1 WO 2016080405A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sheet
- agricultural
- base material
- resin
- agricultural sheet
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
- B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sheet material (hereinafter abbreviated as an agricultural sheet) that covers the ground for controlling the soil environment in multi-cultivation of agricultural products.
- an agricultural sheet suitable for mulch cultivation of citrus fruits such as mandarin oranges, deciduous fruit trees such as peaches and persimmons, and vegetables.
- Multi-cultivation refers to a cultivation method that controls the state of cultivated soil (ground) in order to obtain good quality crops without being affected by the weather during cultivation.
- the state of cultivated soil (underground) is controlled by covering the ground on which tree roots are extended with an agricultural sheet material.
- cultivated soil by laying a film or sheet on the ground surface around trees, which has water-impervious, moisture-permeable, and breathable properties, and also enables diffuse reflection of sunlight.
- Agricultural sheets called multi-films or multi-sheets have been developed as agricultural sheets for controlling water content, carbon dioxide concentration, and irradiation of sunlight on trees.
- Patent Document 1 as a multi-sheet, a light-reflective property in which a light-reflective resin layer is formed on at least a part of the surface of a non-woven cloth sheet made of long-fiber unwoven cloth so that the light reflectance is a predetermined value or more.
- a multi-sheet is described. According to the cited document 1, by using such a light-reflective multi-sheet as an agricultural sheet, light transmission to the soil is suppressed, and there is a herbicidal effect, and an increase in summer temperature can be suppressed. ing.
- the non-woven fabric sheet is not a hole formed by a needle, but utilizes a gap between fibers in the non-woven fabric. Therefore, it is difficult to accurately control the water shielding and moisture permeability. Moreover, since it is a nonwoven fabric, physical strength is inferior. For this reason, when working on this sheet and the agricultural machine runs, there is a problem that the service life is shortened because the strength of the sheet is low. In addition, agricultural sheets and weedproof sheets that use non-woven sheets have low dirt removal and poor antifouling properties, so once the dirt adheres, the light reflectivity also decreases due to the dirt. There was a problem such as.
- JP 2003-333940 A JP-A-3-280816 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-166022
- the sheet made of plastic film as described in Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3 does not allow water to pass through, but at the same time, it cannot be said that the air permeability and moisture permeability are sufficient, and moisture evaporates from the ground. It is known that the permeation of (water vapor) and carbon dioxide gas is insufficient. In this way, when the evaporation of moisture and the release of carbon dioxide from the ground where the roots of the trees are extended are inhibited, the trees are weakened. Therefore, it is necessary to lay these plastic sheets so as to cover the ground on which the tree roots extend in the rain, and to remove or turn the plastic sheets to expose the ground in fine weather.
- an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems in agricultural sheets made of conventional plastic films, have high durability, and have moisture permeability and breathability while having high water barrier properties.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an agricultural sheet that is excellent in all the properties required for a material, combined with excellent antifouling properties and can maintain high light reflection performance.
- the agricultural sheet according to the first embodiment of the present invention is an agricultural sheet comprising at least a base material and a reinforcing resin layer formed on at least one surface of the base material
- the base material includes a polypropylene resin, one or both of an inorganic filler and an organic filler, a porosity of 35% to 60%, and a thickness of 30 ⁇ m to 90 ⁇ m.
- the reinforcing resin layer includes an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a vinyl acetate content of 10% by mass or more and 30% by mass.
- the base material may be stretched in at least one direction.
- the agricultural sheet according to the second embodiment of the present invention is an agricultural sheet comprising at least a base material and a reinforcing resin layer formed on at least one surface of the base material,
- the base material includes a polypropylene resin, one or both of an inorganic filler and an organic filler, a porosity of 35% to 60%, and a thickness of 30 ⁇ m to 90 ⁇ m.
- the base material is a laminated sheet in which a pair of outer layers are laminated on both sides of an inner layer which is a uniaxially stretched sheet,
- the laminated sheet is a stretched sheet having a direction perpendicular to the stretching direction of the uniaxially stretched sheet as a stretching direction.
- the arithmetic surface roughness Ra of the outer layer may be in the range of 0.2 to 0.8 ⁇ m.
- the reflectance in the near infrared region with a wavelength of 780 to 2100 nm on the substrate side of the agricultural sheet may be 85% or more.
- a method for producing an agricultural sheet according to another embodiment of the present invention is a method for producing an agricultural sheet comprising at least a base material and a reinforcing resin layer formed on at least one surface of the base material. And Forming a resin composition comprising a polypropylene resin and a resin composition containing either or both of an inorganic filler and an organic filler by melt extrusion to form a resin film, The resin film is uniaxially stretched to form an inner layer that is a uniaxially stretched sheet, On both surfaces of the inner layer, an outer layer formed from the resin composition is provided to form a laminated sheet, The laminated sheet is stretched in a direction perpendicular to the stretching direction of the uniaxially stretched sheet, A reinforcing resin layer is provided on at least one surface of the stretched laminated sheet. It is characterized by comprising.
- the agricultural sheet of the present invention has high durability necessary as an agricultural multi-sheet, and has moisture permeability and air permeability while having high water barrier properties, and also has excellent antifouling properties. High light reflection performance can be maintained.
- the water-impervious property is used as a term indicating the property of preventing the passage of water as a liquid.
- moisture permeability is used as a term indicating a property that allows easy passage of water as water, that is, water vapor.
- air permeability is used as a term indicating the property of allowing gas such as carbon dioxide to pass easily.
- an anchor coat layer 13 is provided on the surface of the base material 12 laminated with the reinforcing resin layer 11 for the purpose of further improving the adhesive strength between the base material 12 and the reinforcing resin layer 11. It may be. That is, it is good also as a layer structure by which the base material 12, the anchor coat layer 13, and the reinforcement resin layer 11 were laminated
- seat is demonstrated.
- the agricultural sheet of the present invention can efficiently reflect near infrared rays as heat rays. Since the agricultural sheet of the present invention also has an effect of suppressing an increase in ground temperature, it can be suitably used, for example, when cultivating crops that cause root rot in summer.
- the shape of the air gap is various, such as a circle and an ellipse, and the maximum diameter (L) of each air gap and the maximum diameter (M) in the direction perpendicular thereto are measured and averaged [(L + M) / 2] is the average diameter of each void.
- At least n (n is an integer of 1 or more) voids are selected and measured repeatedly, and the average value is taken as the average diameter.
- the void diameter is measured by cutting an arbitrary part from the sample, embedding it with an epoxy resin, cutting it with a microtome, etc., pasting it on the sample table, and depositing gold or gold-palladium on the observation surface.
- the cross section of the sample is measured by observing the shape of the voids on the surface at an arbitrary magnification that is easy to observe using, for example, a scanning electron microscope S-2400 manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.
- the size of the void is determined by appropriately adjusting the addition amount of the filler, the stretching ratio and the stretching temperature when the obtained thermoplastic resin sheet is stretched, and the like. can do.
- a propylene-based resin can be preferably used in terms of heat resistance, water resistance, chemical resistance, and cost.
- propylene-based resins include propylene homopolymers mainly composed of isotactic or syndiotactic polypropylene and propylene having various degrees of stereoregularity, and ethylene, butene-1, hexene-1 A resin obtained by copolymerizing an ⁇ -olefin such as heptene-1,4-methylpentene-1 is preferably used.
- These copolymers may be binary, ternary or quaternary, and may be random copolymers or block copolymers.
- the substrate 12 is preferably stretched in at least one direction and more preferably biaxially stretched in order to increase strength.
- the inorganic filler and the organic filler used for the substrate 12 of the present embodiment are used for the purpose of generating voids in the film by stretching, and the type of the filler is not particularly limited. In some cases, it also serves the purpose of improving the reflectance of the substrate 12.
- thermoplastic resin As the organic filler, it is preferable to select a different type of resin from the thermoplastic resin that is the main component.
- a different type of resin for example, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyamide, polyethylene naphthalate, polystyrene, melamine, polyethylene sulfite, polyimide, polyethyl ether ketone, polyether ether ketone, polyphenylene sulfite, poly-4-methyl-1-pentene,
- examples thereof include polymethyl methacrylate, a cyclic olefin homopolymer, a copolymer of cyclic olefin and ethylene and the like having a melting point of 120 ° C. to 300 ° C. or a glass transition temperature of 120 ° C. to 280 ° C.
- the base material 12 of the present embodiment has a nonionic surfactant (eg, glycerin fatty acid ester, pentaerythritol fatty acid ester, polyoxypropylene / polyoxyethylene block polymer), anion to prevent condensation as necessary.
- a nonionic surfactant eg, glycerin fatty acid ester, pentaerythritol fatty acid ester, polyoxypropylene / polyoxyethylene block polymer
- anion e.g, glycerin fatty acid ester, pentaerythritol fatty acid ester, polyoxypropylene / polyoxyethylene block polymer
- One or more kinds of surfactants for example, sulfonate ⁇ Na, K, ammonium>, alkylbenzene sulfonate, etc.
- amphoteric surfactants can be added and mixed.
- an aliphatic hydrocarbon such as liquid paraffin, synthetic paraffin and microcrystalline wax
- a lubricant such as a stearic acid ester of a linear alcohol, and a higher fatty acid amide can be appropriately selected and added.
- the liquid to be used is appropriately selected according to the type of filler in the thermoplastic resin sheet, but when the filler is essentially soluble in acid such as calcium carbonate, an acidic aqueous solution should be used. Can do.
- the method for removing the filler include a method in which a liquid is showered on the resin film, a method in which the resin film is immersed in a tank containing the liquid, and the like.
- an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer can be used.
- a resin having a high water vapor permeability By using such a resin having a high water vapor permeability, the reinforcing resin layer 11 having no voids can be obtained.
- an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a vinyl acetate content of 10% by mass to 30% by mass can be preferably used.
- those having a melt index (MI) of 15 or more and 45 or less are suitable.
- the thickness of the reinforcing resin layer 11 is preferably as thin as possible because the moisture permeability becomes large. However, if the thickness is too thin, there are problems in terms of workability at the time of lamination processing and strength as a reinforcing material. On the other hand, thickening the reinforcing resin layer 11 eliminates problems in terms of workability during lamination processing and strength as a reinforcing material, but is not preferable because the moisture permeability of the agricultural sheet is lowered.
- the thickness of the reinforcing resin layer 11 is suitably 30 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less.
- the resin forming each layer of the agricultural sheet 1 of the present invention can be kneaded or coated with an antistatic agent as necessary.
- antistatic agents for example, cationic antistatic agents such as amines, imidazolines, amine oxide ethylene adducts, quaternary ammonium salts, anionic antistatic agents such as phosphates, alkylallylphosphonic acids, adipic acid, glutamic acid, Nonionic antistatic agents such as polyhydric alcohols, polyhydric alcohol esters, higher alcohol ethylene oxide adducts, polyethers, alkylphenol ethylene oxide adducts, glycerin esters of fatty acids, fatty acid amides and their ethylene oxide adducts, and cationic groups
- a guanidine salt having both an anionic group and maleic anhydride on an alkylamine an amphoteric antistatic agent such as a sulfonic acid derived from polyethyleneimine, and
- the outer layers 15 and 16 made of unstretched resin sheets are provided on both surfaces of the inner layer 14 to form a laminate.
- the laminate is stretched in a direction perpendicular to the uniaxial stretching direction of the inner layer.
- voids can be formed by performing a stretching treatment.
- the surface smoothness of the sheet is impaired due to the presence of voids existing on the sheet surface. Therefore, once the sheet surface becomes dirty, the dirt attached to the surface can be removed even after washing. There wasn't. Therefore, even if an unused agricultural sheet has a high light reflectance, if it is used once and dirt adheres to it, the light reflectance decreases, and even if the agricultural sheet is washed, the high light reflectance is maintained. I wouldn't.
- the outer layer made of the same resin composition is provided on both sides of the inner layer having voids to form a laminated sheet, and further subjected to stretching treatment to absorb irregularities on the inner layer surface by the outer layer,
- the surface of the agricultural sheet (that is, the surface of the outer layer 16) can be made smoother than the inner layer. As a result, it can be set as the agricultural sheet in which antifouling property improved remarkably compared with the past. Therefore, the agricultural sheet according to the present invention can maintain a high light reflectance by washing even if the surface becomes dirty due to use.
- the production method of the laminated sheet constituting the substrate 12 is not particularly limited, and a known production method is used.
- a resin film (inner layer 14) is formed by manufacturing a resin composition melted by a plurality of extruders by coextrusion with a single die using a feed block or a ruched manifold.
- the resin film is stretched at a temperature not higher than the melting point of the polypropylene resin that is a thermoplastic resin.
- uniaxial stretching such as longitudinal uniaxial stretching, longitudinal uniaxial multistage stretching, and transverse uniaxial stretching is performed.
- an anchor coat layer may be provided similarly to the agricultural sheet according to the first embodiment.
- an antistatic agent can be kneaded or applied to the resin constituting each layer of the agricultural sheet, if necessary.
- the same anchor coating agent and antistatic agent as the agricultural sheet according to the first embodiment can be used.
- the agricultural sheet 1 according to the present embodiment has high opacity and whiteness, and the surface of the sheet is reflected by the surface of the sheet and does not reach the bottom of the sheet, so that weed growth is suppressed.
- the agricultural soil 40 is covered so as to cover the entire surface of the cultivated soil 40 and the drainage groove 30 under the tree 20 such as citrus fruits and peaches surrounded by and separated by the drainage groove 30 for agricultural water.
- Spread sheet 1 At the center of the area corresponding to each section, the rainwater reaches the root by cutting the sheet 1 at the trunk of the tree 20 and attaching the agricultural sheet 1 to the trunk of the tree 20 with plastic tape. Do not. Although it is desirable that there is no gap as much as possible between the outer periphery of the trunk of the tree 20 and the inner side of the central hole of the agricultural sheet 1, the rain is blocked by branches and leaves even if there is some, so the agricultural sheet 1 of the present invention. It does not diminish the action and effect of. In order to control the moisture of the soil and further bring out the effects of mulch cultivation, it is preferable to provide a drainage groove 30 for agricultural water on the ground.
- the drainage grooves 30 may be provided vertically and horizontally in a lattice shape so as to surround the trees one by one, or may be provided so as to extend only in one direction.
- drainage efficiency is high and moisture control of the cultivated soil 40 is easy, but labor is required to provide the drainage grooves 30.
- the drainage groove 30 extends in only one direction, the drainage efficiency is somewhat lower than in the case of a grid, but the target moisture control of the cultivated soil 40 can be achieved, and the work of providing the drainage groove 30 Therefore, when making a cultivated land for multicultural planning from the beginning, or when cultivating multicultural cultivation is planned at the time of rooting, a grid-like drainage groove 30 is provided, and already produced as a full tree.
- Example 1 Manufacture of base materials
- the resin composition constituting the inner layer of the substrate 12 65.5% by mass of propylene homopolymer (manufactured by Nippon Polychem Co., Ltd., trade name Novatec PP, MA-8, melting point 164 ° C.), high density polyethylene (Japan) Resin composition comprising 6.5% by mass of Polychem Co., Ltd., trade name Novatec HD, HJ580, melting point 134 ° C., density 0.960 g / cm 3 ), and 28% by mass of calcium carbonate powder having an average particle size of 1.5 ⁇ m
- seat was obtained for the thing using the extruder. Next, this unstretched sheet was stretched 4 times in the longitudinal direction to obtain a uniaxially stretched sheet.
- the laminated sheet was stretched 7 times in the transverse direction and the ears were slit to form a substrate containing fine voids of the outer layer (15 ⁇ m) / inner layer (40 ⁇ m) / outer layer (15 ⁇ m) having a total thickness of 70 ⁇ m. Obtained. Under these conditions, the porosity of the entire substrate was 55% and the opacity was 93%. Moreover, it was 0.5 micrometer when the arithmetic surface roughness Ra of the base-material surface was measured by the method based on JISB0601.
- Agricultural sheet 1 is obtained by extrusion coating 30 ⁇ m of 18% by mass ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a high vinyl acetate content with the anchor coating agent applied to the substrate obtained as described above. It was.
- Example 2 The same base material as in Example 1 was manufactured, and an agricultural sheet 2 was obtained by extrusion coating of 10% by mass of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a high vinyl acetate content by 30 ⁇ m.
- Example 3 The same substrate 12 as in Example 1 was produced, and an agricultural sheet 3 was obtained by extrusion coating 30 ⁇ m of a 30% by mass ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a high vinyl acetate content.
- Example 1 A base material of 70 ⁇ m was produced with the same resin configuration as in Example 1, and an agricultural sheet 4 was obtained by extrusion coating of 8% by mass of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a low vinyl acetate content by 30 ⁇ m.
- the comparative examples 2 to 4 have insufficient reflectance, whereas the agricultural sheets of Examples 1 to 3 have not only the reflectance in the visible region but also the reflectance in the near infrared region. The rate was also high.
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Abstract
L'invention concerne une plaque à usage agricole, qui comprend au moins un support et une couche de résine de renfort qui est déposée sur au moins une face du support. Le support contient une résine de polypropylène et une charge inorganique et/ou une charge organique, et présente un taux de vide variant de 35 à 60 % (bornes incluses) et une épaisseur variant de 30 à 90 μm (bornes incluses). La couche de résine de renfort contient un copolymère éthylène-acétate de vinyle qui comprend de 10 à 30 % en poids (bornes incluses) d'acétate de vinyle.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2014-233175 | 2014-11-17 | ||
JP2014233175A JP5843181B1 (ja) | 2014-11-17 | 2014-11-17 | 農業用シート |
JP2015224246A JP2017086042A (ja) | 2015-11-16 | 2015-11-16 | 農業用シート |
JP2015-224246 | 2015-11-16 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2016080405A1 true WO2016080405A1 (fr) | 2016-05-26 |
Family
ID=56013940
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2015/082302 WO2016080405A1 (fr) | 2014-11-17 | 2015-11-17 | Plaque à usage agricole |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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WO (1) | WO2016080405A1 (fr) |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5721963B2 (fr) * | 1974-09-07 | 1982-05-11 | ||
JPH04166022A (ja) * | 1990-05-21 | 1992-06-11 | Eezai Seikaken Kk | 果実の隔年結果防止方法 |
JPH05229563A (ja) * | 1992-02-21 | 1993-09-07 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | 透湿性包装材料および吸湿性材料包装体、並びに透湿性包装材料の製造方法 |
JPH0639975A (ja) * | 1992-07-27 | 1994-02-15 | Chisso Corp | 二軸延伸多層フィルム |
JP2003246373A (ja) * | 2003-01-17 | 2003-09-02 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 乾燥剤入り包装体 |
JP2008271828A (ja) * | 2007-04-27 | 2008-11-13 | Yupo Corp | 農業用光反射シート |
-
2015
- 2015-11-17 WO PCT/JP2015/082302 patent/WO2016080405A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5721963B2 (fr) * | 1974-09-07 | 1982-05-11 | ||
JPH04166022A (ja) * | 1990-05-21 | 1992-06-11 | Eezai Seikaken Kk | 果実の隔年結果防止方法 |
JPH05229563A (ja) * | 1992-02-21 | 1993-09-07 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | 透湿性包装材料および吸湿性材料包装体、並びに透湿性包装材料の製造方法 |
JPH0639975A (ja) * | 1992-07-27 | 1994-02-15 | Chisso Corp | 二軸延伸多層フィルム |
JP2003246373A (ja) * | 2003-01-17 | 2003-09-02 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 乾燥剤入り包装体 |
JP2008271828A (ja) * | 2007-04-27 | 2008-11-13 | Yupo Corp | 農業用光反射シート |
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