WO2016076379A1 - スラグ排出装置及びスラグ排出方法 - Google Patents
スラグ排出装置及びスラグ排出方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016076379A1 WO2016076379A1 PCT/JP2015/081806 JP2015081806W WO2016076379A1 WO 2016076379 A1 WO2016076379 A1 WO 2016076379A1 JP 2015081806 W JP2015081806 W JP 2015081806W WO 2016076379 A1 WO2016076379 A1 WO 2016076379A1
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- Prior art keywords
- slag
- screen
- water flow
- discharge device
- crushing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/52—Ash-removing devices
- C10J3/523—Ash-removing devices for gasifiers with stationary fluidised bed
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/52—Ash-removing devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/52—Ash-removing devices
- C10J3/526—Ash-removing devices for entrained flow gasifiers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
- C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/1625—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with solids treatment
- C10J2300/1628—Ash post-treatment
- C10J2300/1634—Ash vitrification
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
- C10K1/10—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids
- C10K1/101—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids with water only
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a slag discharging apparatus and a slag discharging method.
- an ash hopper for collecting slag (molten slag) generated and dropped by the combustor (Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- the ash hopper is provided with a slag crusher provided with a screen and a spreader.
- the slag falling from the combustor is rapidly cooled and solidified with water and falls to the upper surface of the screen provided in the slag crusher.
- the screen is provided to intersect the slug falling direction and has a plurality of openings. Thereby, the screen passes slag smaller than the diameter of the opening and drops it to the lower part of the ash hopper.
- slag larger than the diameter of the opening and slag lumps which are deposits of slag smaller than the diameter of the opening are deposited.
- the slag lumps are bonded by the cross-linking by the frictional force or the powder pressure in the particle layer of the slag.
- a spreader provided on the upper surface of the screen moves on the upper surface of the screen by, for example, a hydraulic cylinder, and breaks down the slag deposited on the upper surface of the screen by applying a force to pass through the screen.
- Slag that has fallen and accumulated from the opening of the screen to the lower part of the ash hopper is discharged from the gasification furnace through the lock hopper to the outside of the system.
- the deposited slag may not be crushed and may only be gathered in the working direction of the slag crusher and not pass through the screen. Then, the amount of deposited slag on the upper surface of the screen increases, so that the slag may not be discharged from the gasification furnace and the ash hopper may be filled with the slag. In this case, it is difficult to continue the operation of the gasification furnace, and the gasification furnace is to be stopped.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a slag discharge device and a slag discharge method which can more easily pass slag deposited on the upper surface of the screen from the opening of the screen. I assume.
- the slag discharge device and slag discharge method of the present invention adopt the following means.
- the slag discharge device is provided in a combustor of a gasification furnace for gasifying a carbon-containing fuel, and is a slag discharge device which discharges slag generated and dropped by the combustor from the gasification furnace
- a screen which is provided to intersect the falling direction of the slag and which has a plurality of openings, and which passes the slag smaller than the diameter of the openings; moving the upper surface of the screen, the screen And crusher means for crushing the slag deposited on the upper surface of the gutter, and water flow forming means for flowing a liquid to the slag deposited on the screen to form a water flow.
- the slag discharge device is provided in a combustor of a gasification furnace that gasifies carbon-containing fuel, and discharges slag generated and dropped by the combustor from the gasification furnace.
- a slag discharge device is equipped with a screen which is provided to intersect with the falling direction of the slag and has a plurality of openings. Slag smaller than the diameter of the opening of the screen passes through the opening and drops. On the other hand, the slag deposited on the upper surface of the screen without passing through the opening is broken by the crushing means moving on the upper surface of the screen.
- the slag deposited on the upper surface of the screen includes a slag lump in which slag smaller than the diameter of the opening is bonded by the cross-linking by the frictional force or the powder pressure.
- a liquid is flowed to the slag deposited on the upper surface of the screen to form a water flow.
- the pressurized liquid is ejected from the particles of the slag bonded by the crosslinking, whereby the bond due to the crosslinking is broken.
- the slag fluidizes slowly from the stationary state.
- the liquid jetted to the slag is, for example, water.
- the slag which has become easy to flow is made to flow by the liquid from the water flow forming means. Thereby, the slag falls together with the liquid from the opening of the screen without moving the crushing means. In addition, slag can be easily dropped from the opening also by moving the crushing means.
- this configuration can more easily pass the slag deposited on the upper surface of the screen from the opening of the screen.
- the water flow forming means be provided on the side wall of the screen, which is provided in parallel with the operating direction of the crushing means.
- the pressurized liquid can be ejected easily and uniformly to the deposited slag.
- the water flow forming means is preferably provided in the crushing means.
- the liquid pressurized more reliably is ejected to the slag crushed by the crushing means, so that the bond due to the crosslinking of the deposited slag is cut and the slag easily passes through the screen .
- the said crushing means is equipped with the inclined surface forwardly inclined with respect to the crushing direction of the said slag.
- the water flow forming means be provided on the inclined surface and eject the liquid in the direction of the screen.
- the water flow forming means is preferably provided to the screen.
- the deposition of slag on the upper surface of the screen can be suppressed, and the pressurized liquid can be ejected easily and uniformly to the deposited slag.
- the water flow forming means eject gas instead of liquid.
- the movement of the crushing means can be stabilized, for example, by preventing the floating of the crushing means when moving.
- a plurality of the crushing means are provided adjacent to the upper surface of the screen, and the screen is divided by the dividing means between the adjacent crushing means and divided for each divided area
- the water flow forming means is provided below.
- the other adjacent breaking means is provided by the water flow from the water flow forming means provided below the region corresponding to the predetermined breaking means.
- the slag is moved to the area corresponding to.
- the relatively small slag is flowed to the area corresponding to the other crushing means by the water flow from the water flow forming means and is dropped from the screen there. And since the operating crushing means crushes relatively large slag not flowed by the water flow, it is possible to prevent large slag from remaining on the screen.
- the lower end portion of the crushing unit is formed so as to be in surface contact with the facing surface in the width direction when moving.
- this configuration can more reliably crush the slag on the screen, thereby preventing the large slag from remaining on the screen.
- the gas is ejected from the upper surface of the screen in a state in which the upper surface of the screen is filled with water, whereby the bond due to the crosslinking of the slag is cut by the rise of the air bubbles.
- the slag is fluidized, the slag deposited on the upper surface of the screen is more likely to pass through the opening of the screen.
- a slag discharge method is a slag discharge device provided in a combustor of a gasification furnace for gasifying a carbon-containing fuel, and discharging slag generated and dropped by the combustor from the gasification furnace.
- the slag discharging method used is to flow a liquid from the water flow forming means to form a water flow with respect to the slag deposited on the upper surface of the screen provided so as to intersect the falling direction of the slag and having a plurality of openings.
- the first step, and a crushing step of crushing the slag deposited on the upper surface of the screen includes a second step of moving the upper surface of the screen.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a gasification furnace 10 according to the first embodiment.
- the carbon-containing fuel applied to the gasification furnace 10 according to the first embodiment includes heavy fuel such as coal, petroleum coke, coal coke, asphalt, pitch, oil shale, etc., waste tires, plastics, etc. Waste is an example.
- heavy fuel such as coal, petroleum coke, coal coke, asphalt, pitch, oil shale, etc., waste tires, plastics, etc. Waste is an example.
- the carbon-containing fuel to be gasified is coal will be described.
- pulverized coal supplied from a coal supply facility (not shown) and a dust removing device (not shown) are recovered.
- the char supplied is reacted with the oxidant.
- the pulverized coal is burned at a high temperature in the combustor 12 to generate coal gas, which is a combustible gas, and to generate the slag 14 in which the ash in the pulverized coal is melted.
- the high temperature coal gas obtained by the high temperature combustion of the combustor 12 flows into the reductor 16 provided on the upper stage of the combustor 12.
- pulverized coal and char are supplied, and the supplied pulverized coal and char are further gasified to generate combustible gas by coal gas.
- the combustor 12 which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention is a spouted bed type, not only this but a fluidized bed type and a fixed bed type may be sufficient.
- an ash hopper 18 is provided which collects the slag 14 produced and dropped by the combustor 12.
- the ash hopper 18 is provided with a slag crusher 20 that crushes the slag 14 and discharges it from the gasification furnace 10.
- the lower part of the gasification furnace 10 is filled with water up to the area where the slag crusher 20 is provided.
- FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the configuration of the slag crusher 20 according to the first embodiment.
- the slag crusher 20 includes a screen 22 (also referred to as crusher mesh), a spreader 24, and a nozzle 26.
- the slag 14 falling from the combustor 12 is rapidly cooled and solidified by water (hereinafter referred to as "ash hopper water”) ejected from the ash hopper water supply pipe 28, and falls onto the upper surface of the screen 22 provided in the slag crusher 20.
- ash hopper water water
- the screen 22 is provided to intersect with the falling direction of the slug 14 and has a plurality of openings 30 and passes the slug 14 smaller than the diameter of the opening 30.
- the screen 22 is, for example, a plate-like member having an opening 30.
- the shape of the opening 30 is not particularly limited, and is, for example, a circle, a polygon, or the like.
- the slag 14 which has passed through the opening 30 falls to the lower part of the ash hopper 18 together with the ash hopper water.
- the lock hopper 34 is connected to the lower part of the ash hopper 18 as shown in FIG. 1, and the slag 14 dropped to the lower part of the ash hopper 18 is discharged out of the system through the lock hopper 34.
- the gasification furnace 10 of FIG. 1 employ
- the spreader 24 is moved on the upper surface of the screen 22 by the hydraulic cylinder 36 and the guide rod 37 to break up the slag 14 deposited on the upper surface of the screen 22.
- the position of the spreader 24 shown in FIG. 2 is a standby position before moving the upper surface of the screen 22.
- a support plate 38 is provided on the opposite side of the standby position of the spreader 24. That is, the spreader 24 scrapes the slag 14 deposited on the upper surface of the screen 22 by moving from the standby position to the backing plate 38. Then, the spreader 24 crushes the deposited slag 14 by sandwiching the slag 14 with the receiving plate 38.
- a protrusion 40 is provided on the front of the spreader 24 in order to facilitate the crushing of the slag 14.
- protrusion 40 shown by FIG. 2 is a conical shape as an example, it may not only be this but for example, frusto-conical shape, a polygon drooping shape, a polygon drooping shape etc.
- the spreader 24 which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention is equipped with the inclined surface 24A inclined forward with respect to the crushing direction of the slag 14. As shown in FIG.
- the inclined surface 24A is provided at the lower portion of the spreader 24.
- the spreader 24 mainly scrapes the deposited slag 14 by the inclined surface 24A.
- Above the inclined surface 24A is a vertical surface 24B perpendicular to the screen 22.
- the nozzle 26 is a water flow forming means for flowing the slag 14 deposited on the screen 22 to form a water flow, and as a specific example, is a jet hole for jetting a pressurized liquid.
- the nozzle 26 according to the first embodiment is provided on the inclined surface 24A of the spreader 24. As shown in the front view of the spreader 24 of FIG. 3, the nozzles 26 are horizontally provided on the inclined surface 24A, for example.
- the pressurized liquid ejected from the nozzle 26 is, for example, water, but it is not limited to this, and may be any liquid that can cut the crosslinking of the slag 14 as described later.
- pressurized water is referred to as high pressure water in the following description.
- the pressure of high pressure water is, for example, 3 to 5 MPa.
- a water supply pipe 42 for supplying high pressure water to the ash hopper water supply pipe 28 is branched and connected to the nozzle 26. More specifically, the branched water supply pipe 42 is connected to the high pressure hose 44.
- the high pressure hose 44 is flexible to accommodate the movement of the spreader 24 and is supported by the high pressure hose receiver 46.
- the high pressure hose 44 is connected to the high pressure water header 48.
- the high pressure water header 48 supplies high pressure water to the plurality of nozzles 26.
- the slag 14 produced by the combustor 12 falls on the top surface of the screen 22.
- the slug 14 smaller than the diameter of the opening 30 of the screen 22 passes through the opening 30 and falls to the lower part of the ash hopper 18, that is, the lower part of the gasification furnace 10 .
- slag 14 which is larger than the diameter of the opening 30 and slag lumps which are deposits of slag 14 smaller than the diameter of the opening 30 can not pass through the opening 30 and is deposited on the upper surface of the screen 22. Therefore, the spreader 24 moves the upper surface of the screen 22 from the standby position to the support plate 38 at predetermined time intervals. As a result, the spreader 24 fractures the deposited slag 14 so that the slag 14 can easily pass through the opening 30.
- the spreader 24 since the spreader 24 according to the first embodiment applies a downward force to the deposited slag 14 by the inclined surface 24A, the deposited slag 14 can be crushed more reliably.
- slag lumps in which small slags 14 are linked by crosslinking may not be crushed by the spreader 24 and may be gathered in the moving direction of the spreader 24 without passing through the opening 30. Therefore, high pressure water is jetted from the nozzle 26 provided on the inclined surface 24A of the spreader 24 toward the slag 14. The high pressure water is ejected to the particles of the slag 14 bonded by the crosslinking, whereby the bond due to the crosslinking is cut. As a result, the slag 14 fluidizes slowly from the stationary state.
- the nozzle 26 on the inclined surface 24A, the high pressure water is more reliably ejected to the slag 14 crushed by the spreader 24, so that the deposited slag 14 can be crushed more reliably.
- the high-pressure water jetted from the nozzle 26 may be synchronized with the time interval in which the spreader 24 moves, or may be performed intermittently or continuously regardless of the time interval in which the spreader 24 moves.
- the slag 14 which became easy to flow is flowed by the high pressure water which ejects from the nozzle 26. As shown in FIG. As a result, the slag 14 falls together with the high pressure water from the opening 30 of the screen 22 without moving the spreader 24. In addition, the slag 14 is easily dropped from the opening 30 also by moving the spreader 24.
- the slag crusher 20 is provided so as to intersect the falling direction of the slag 14 and has a plurality of openings 30 and is smaller than the diameter of the openings 30.
- a spreader 24 for moving the upper surface of the screen 22 and breaking the slag 14 deposited on the upper surface of the screen 22; a nozzle 26 for injecting high pressure water to the slag 14 deposited on the screen 22; And.
- the slag crusher 20 can more easily pass the slag 14 deposited on the upper surface of the screen 22 from the opening 30 of the screen 22. Thereby, even if the slag 14 is deposited on the upper surface of the screen 22, the slag crusher 20 can more reliably discharge the slag 14. As a result, it is possible to prevent the operation of the gasifier 10 from being stopped due to the deposition of the slag 14, and the continuous operation of the gasifier 10 becomes possible.
- the slag crusher 20 which concerns on the 1st embodiment of this invention equips the inclined surface 24A of the spreader 24 with the nozzle 26, you may provide the nozzle 26 not only with this but the perpendicular surface 24B of the spreader 24.
- FIG. 1 the slag crusher 20 which concerns on the 1st embodiment of this invention equips the inclined surface 24A of the spreader 24 with the nozzle 26.
- the configuration of the gasification furnace 10 according to the second embodiment is the same as the configuration of the gasification furnace 10 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the spreader 24 according to the second embodiment, as viewed from the side.
- FIG. 5 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the spreader 24 according to the second embodiment as viewed from the front, and is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG.
- the same reference numerals as in FIGS. 2 and 3 denote the same parts in FIGS. 4 and 5 as in FIGS. 2 and 3, and a description thereof will be omitted.
- the nozzle 26 according to the second embodiment is provided on the inclined surface 24A and spouts high pressure water in the direction of the screen 22.
- a header 50 is provided inside the spreader 24.
- a plurality of downwardly directed nozzles 26 are connected to the header 50, and high pressure water is jetted from the nozzles 26 to the upper surface of the screen 22.
- the high-pressure water jetted from the nozzle 26 may be synchronized with the time interval in which the spreader 24 moves, or may be performed intermittently or continuously regardless of the time interval in which the spreader 24 moves.
- the header 50 may not be provided.
- the slag crusher 20 can crush the deposited slag 14 more reliably because the downward force is applied to the slag 14 crushed by the spreader 24 even by the high pressure water.
- the configuration of the gasification furnace 10 according to the third embodiment is the same as the configuration of the gasification furnace 10 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- the screen 22 is provided with a nozzle 60 for spouting high pressure water.
- FIG. 6 is an example of a longitudinal sectional view of the screen 22 according to the third embodiment.
- the side surface of the opening 30 of the screen 22 is provided with a nozzle 60 to which high pressure water is supplied via the header 62.
- a water supply pipe 42 for supplying high pressure water to the ash hopper water supply pipe 28 is branched and connected.
- FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of a screen 22 according to a modification of the third embodiment.
- the top surface of the screen 22 is provided with a nozzle 60 to which high pressure water is supplied via the header 62.
- the ejection of high pressure water from the nozzle 60 may be synchronized with the time interval in which the spreader 24 moves, or may be performed intermittently or continuously regardless of the time interval in which the spreader 24 moves.
- the high pressure water is ejected to the particles of the slag 14 bonded by the crosslinking, whereby the bond due to the crosslinking is cut.
- the deposited slag 14 becomes easy to fluidize.
- high pressure water is spouted from the lower side to the upper side of the screen 22, so that the deposition of the slag 14 on the upper surface of the screen 22 can be suppressed, and the pressurized liquid can be simplified with respect to the deposited slag 14 It can spout uniformly.
- the configuration of the gasification furnace 10 according to the fourth embodiment is the same as the configuration of the gasification furnace 10 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- FIGS. 8 and 9 are longitudinal sectional views of the screen 22 according to the fourth embodiment.
- the same reference numerals as in FIGS. 6 and 7 denote the same parts in FIGS. 8 and 9 as in FIGS.
- the screen 22 according to the fourth embodiment ejects high pressure gas (hereinafter referred to as “high pressure gas”) from the nozzle 60 instead of high pressure water. For this reason, the header 62 is connected to a high pressure gas supply pipe 42 for supplying high pressure gas.
- high pressure gas high pressure gas
- the high pressure gas may be jetted from the nozzle 60 synchronously with the time interval of movement of the spreader 24 or intermittently or continuously regardless of the time interval of movement of the spreader 24.
- the upper surface of the screen 22 is filled with water by high-pressure water jetted from the nozzle 60 provided to the spreader 24 and water from the ash hopper water supply pipe 28. Then, in the slag crusher 20 according to the fourth embodiment, bubbles of high pressure gas rise from the upper surface of the screen 22 when the gas is spouted from the upper surface of the screen 22 in a state where water is applied to the upper surface of the screen 22 Do. The rise of the bubbles breaks the bond of the slag 14 due to the crosslinking. For this reason, since the slag 14 is fluidized, the slag 14 deposited on the upper surface of the screen 22 can pass through the opening 30 of the screen 22 more easily.
- the configuration of the gasification furnace 10 according to the fifth embodiment is the same as the configuration of the gasification furnace 10 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a top view of the slag crusher 20 according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a longitudinal sectional view of the screen 22 and the side wall 70 according to the fifth embodiment, and is an AA sectional view of FIG.
- the same reference numerals as in FIGS. 2 and 3 denote the same parts in FIGS. 10 and 11 as in FIGS. 2 and 3, and a description thereof will be omitted.
- the slag crusher 20 has a nozzle 72 for spouting high pressure water on the side wall 70 of the screen 22 erected in parallel with the operating direction of the spreader 24. As shown in FIG. 11, the nozzle 72 is provided at the lower part of the side wall 70 as an example.
- the slag crusher 20 can eject high pressure water simply and uniformly to the deposited slag 14. Further, since the nozzle 72 is provided on the side wall 70, it can be easily installed on the slag crusher 20. The high pressure water jetted from the nozzle 72 may be used as the ash hopper water.
- the configuration of the gasification furnace 10 according to the sixth embodiment is the same as the configuration of the gasification furnace 10 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- the slag crusher 20 according to the sixth embodiment is provided with a guide 80 for limiting the moving direction of the spreader 24, as shown in FIGS. That is, the guide 80 is provided along the moving direction of the spreader 24.
- 13, 14 and 15 are respectively a top view, a longitudinal sectional view of a side view and a longitudinal sectional view of a front view of the slag crusher 20 according to the present sixth embodiment.
- the slag crusher 20 has a configuration in which the two spreaders 24 opposed to each other form a pair, and the pair of spreaders 24 crush the slag 14 by moving on the upper surface of the screen 22.
- first chamber 82_1 first chamber 82_1
- second chamber 82_2 second chamber 82_2
- the slag crusher 20 may be provided with three or more pairs of spreaders 24. In this case, the two or more partitions 81 divide the area into three or more areas.
- the guide 80 is formed by side plates 80A provided on both sides of the spreader 24 and an upper plate 80B provided on the upper part of the spreader 24.
- the upper plate 80B covers a part of the upper part of the movement range of the spreader 24.
- the partitioning portion 81 since the partitioning portion 81 is provided on the side surface of the spreader 24, the partitioning portion 81 partitions the screen 22 and also has a function of the guide 80.
- the side plate 80A may be integrated with the side wall 70 of the screen 22.
- the movement of the spreader 24 is more stable.
- the spreader 24 is suppressed from rising by the upper plate 80B, the spreader 24 is prevented from being in the front.
- the purge nozzle 83 is provided below the screen 22 near the approximate center of the first chamber 82_1 and the second chamber 82_2, and from below the screen 22 to the slag 14 liquid (for example, water, hereinafter referred to as "purge water"). Flow to form a stream of water.
- the relatively small slag 14 (light slag 14) of the slag 14 on the screen 22 is lifted up from the screen 22 by the purge water.
- the slag crusher 20 operates the pair of spreaders 24 alternately. That is, the slag crushers 20 of the second and fourth systems do not operate during the operation of the slag crushers 20 of the first and third systems. On the other hand, the slag crushers 20 of the first and third systems do not operate during the operation of the slag crushers 20 of the second and fourth systems.
- the slag crusher 20 moves to the area corresponding to the other adjacent spreader 24 by the water flow from the purge nozzle 83 provided below the area corresponding to the predetermined spreader 24.
- the slag 14 is moved.
- purge water flows from a purge nozzle 83 provided below the first chamber 82_1. Since the slag 14 on the screen 22 of the first chamber 82_1 is lifted by this water flow, and both sides of the slag crusher 20 are the inner wall of the gasification furnace 10, the lifted slag 14 moves to the second chamber 82_2. At this time, the slag 14 moving to the second chamber 82_2 is a relatively small (light) slag 14 and the relatively large (heavy) slag 14 remains in the first chamber 82_1. The slag 14 moved to the second chamber 82_2 falls from the opening 30 of the screen 22 of the second chamber 82_2.
- the slag 14 remaining in the first chamber 82_1 is crushed by the operation of the spreaders 24 of the first and third systems, and falls from the opening 30 of the screen 22 of the first chamber 82_1.
- the slag crusher 20 operates the second and fourth spreaders 24 after the first and third spreaders 24 operate.
- purge water flows from the purge nozzle 83 provided below the second chamber 82_2, and the slag 14 on the screen 22 of the second chamber 82_2 becomes the first chamber.
- the second and fourth spreaders 24 will be activated.
- the slag crusher 20 causes the small slag 14 to flow to the area corresponding to the other spreader 24 by the water flow from the purge nozzle 83 and drop from the screen 22 there. And since the spreader 24 which works operates fractures the relatively large slag 14 which was not flowed by the water flow, the large slag 14 can be prevented from remaining on the screen 22.
- the configuration of the gasification furnace 10 according to the seventh embodiment is the same as the configuration of the gasification furnace 10 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- the slag crusher 20 according to the seventh embodiment the two spreaders 24 opposed to each other form a pair, and the slag 14 is crushed by moving the upper surface of the pair of screens 22.
- FIG. 16 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view for explaining the residual state of the slag 14. As shown in FIG. 16, even if the spreader 24 moves, if there is a gap between the lowermost projection 40 and the screen 22, the slag 14 may remain in this gap.
- the lower end portion of the spreader 24 according to the seventh embodiment is formed with a projecting portion 90 so as to make a cross-surface contact in the width direction with the opposite surface when moving.
- the protrusion 90 is, for example, a rectangular parallelepiped shape extending in the width direction of the spreader 24.
- FIG. 17 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the slag crusher 20 according to the seventh embodiment as viewed from the side, in which (A) shows the state before the spreader 24 moves and (B) shows the state after the spreader 24 moves. It is a state. Then, as shown in FIG. 17B, when the spreader 24 moves, the surfaces of the projecting portions 90 of the opposing spreaders 24 contact each other in the width direction, so there is a gap between the opposing spreaders 24. It disappears.
- the slag crusher 20 according to the seventh embodiment can crush the slag 14 on the screen 22 more reliably, the large slag 14 can be prevented from remaining on the screen 22.
- the present invention is limited to this.
- a spreader 24 may be provided, and the pair of spreaders 24 may break the slag 14 by moving on the upper surface of the screen 22.
- the spreader 24 faces each other and the pair of spreaders 24 move the upper surface of the screen 22 to crush the slag 14, but the present invention is limited to this. Instead, the spreader 24 and the support plate 38 may be opposed to each other, and the spreader 24 may be moved toward the support plate 38.
- the slag crusher 20 includes the nozzles 26, 60 and 72 described in the first to fifth embodiments, and the nozzles 26, 60 and 72 appropriately use high pressure water or high pressure gas. It may be in a form of spouting. For example, when the spreader 24 does not operate, the nozzles 26, 60, 72 eject high pressure water or high pressure gas.
- the nozzles 26, 60, 72 and the purge nozzle 83 describe the form of flowing water or gas, but the purity of water is not particularly limited, and for the purpose of facilitating the discharge of the slag 14 It may be an aqueous solution or a solution.
- the gas is, for example, air or an inert gas (nitrogen gas, argon gas or the like), but is not particularly limited.
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Abstract
Description
このスクリーンは、スラグの落下方向に対して交差するように設けられると共に複数の開口部を備えている。これにより、スクリーンは、開口部の径より小さなスラグを通過させ、アッシュホッパの下部へ落下させる。
そこで、スクリーンの上面に設けられたスプレッダが、例えば油圧シリンダによってスクリーンの上面を移動し、スクリーンの上面に堆積したスラグに力を加えることで破砕し、スクリーンを通過させる。
そして、スクリーンの上面でのスラグの堆積量が多くなり、ガス化炉からスラグが排出されず、アッシュホッパ内にスラグが充満する場合がある。この場合、ガス化炉の運転継続が困難となり、ガス化炉を停止することとなる。
そして、流動し易くなったスラグは、水流形成手段からの液体によって流される。これにより、スラグは、破砕手段を移動させることなく、スクリーンの開口部から液体と共に落下することとなる。また、スラグは、破砕手段を移動させることによっても、簡易に開口部から落下し易くなる。
以下、本発明の第1実施形態について説明する。
本第1実施形態に係るガス化炉10に適用される炭素含有燃料は、石炭、石油コーク、石炭コークス、アスファルト、ピッチ、オイルシェール等の重質系燃料の外、廃タイヤ、プラスティックス等の廃棄物が一例として挙げられる。以下の各実施形態では、ガス化させる炭素含有燃料を石炭とする場合について説明する。
そして、コンバスタ12の高温燃焼により得られた高温の石炭ガスが、コンバスタ12の上段に設けられたリダクタ16に流れ込む。このリダクタ16においても、微粉炭とチャーとが供給され、供給された微粉炭及びチャーが更にガス化して、石炭ガスによる可燃性ガスが生成される。なお、本第1実施形態に係るコンバスタ12は、噴流床式であるが、これに限らず、流動床式や固定床式でもよい。
アッシュホッパ18には、スラグ14を破砕してガス化炉10から排出するスラグクラッシャ20が設けられる。なお、ガス化炉10の下部は、スラグクラッシャ20が備えられる領域まで、水で満たされた状態とされている。
スラグクラッシャ20は、スクリーン22(クラッシャメッシュともいう。)、スプレッダ24、及びノズル26を備える。
開口部30を通過したスラグ14は、アッシュホッパ水と共にアッシュホッパ18の下部へ落下する。アッシュホッパ18の下部には、図1に示されるようにロックホッパ34が接続されており、アッシュホッパ18の下部に落下したスラグ14は、ロックホッパ34を介して系外へ排出される。
スプレッダ24の待機位置の反対側には、受板38が備えられる。すなわち、スプレッダ24は、待機位置から受板38まで移動することによって、スクリーン22の上面に堆積したスラグ14をかき集める。そして、スプレッダ24は、受板38とでスラグ14を挟み込むことによって、堆積したスラグ14を破砕する。なお、スプレッダ24の正面には、スラグ14を破砕し易くするために、突起物40が設けられる。なお、図2に示される突起物40は、一例として円錐形状であるが、これに限らず、例えば円錐台形状、多角垂形状、又は多角垂台形状等であってもよい。
ノズル26から噴出される加圧された液体は、一例として水であるが、これに限らず、後述するようにスラグ14の架橋を切断できる液体であればよい。また、加圧された水を以下の説明において高圧水と称呼する。高圧水の圧力は、一例として3~5MPaである。
高圧ホース44は、高圧水ヘッダ48に接続される。高圧水ヘッダ48は、複数のノズル26へ高圧水を供給する。
そこで、スプレッダ24が所定の時間間隔毎にスクリーン22の上面を待機位置から受板38まで移動する。これにより、スプレッダ24が、堆積したスラグ14を破砕し、スラグ14を開口部30から通過し易くする。
そこで、スプレッダ24の傾斜面24Aに備えられるノズル26からスラグ14に向けて高圧水が噴出される。架橋によって結合したスラグ14の粒子に高圧水が噴出されることで、架橋による結合が切断される。これにより、スラグ14が静置状態から緩やかに流動化する。
以下、本発明の第2実施形態について説明する。
一例として、スプレッダ24の内部にはヘッダ50が設けられる。ヘッダ50には、下方向を向いた複数のノズル26が接続され、このノズル26から高圧水がスクリーン22の上面に噴出される。なお、ノズル26からの高圧水の噴出は、スプレッダ24が移動する時間間隔と同期されてもよいし、スプレッダ24が移動する時間間隔と関係なく、間欠又は連続的に行われてもよい。なお、スラグクラッシャ20に高圧水ヘッダ48が備えられている場合は、ヘッダ50が備えられなくてもよい。
以下、本発明の第3実施形態について説明する。
図6の例では、スクリーン22の開口部30の側面に、ヘッダ62を介して高圧水が供給されるノズル60が備えられる。ヘッダ62は、アッシュホッパ給水管28へ高圧水を供給する給水管42が分岐されて接続される。
図7の例では、スクリーン22の上面に、ヘッダ62を介して高圧水が供給されるノズル60が備えられる。
また、スクリーン22の下方向から上方向へ高圧水が噴出されるので、スクリーン22の上面でのスラグ14の堆積を抑制でき、かつ堆積したスラグ14に対して、加圧された液体を簡易かつ均一に噴出できる。
以下、本発明の第4実施形態について説明する。
そして、本第4実施形態に係るスラグクラッシャ20は、スクリーン22の上面に水が張られた状態で、スクリーン22の上面から気体が噴出することにより、高圧気体の気泡がスクリーン22の上面から上昇する。この気泡の上昇によってスラグ14の架橋による結合が切断される。このため、スラグ14が流動化するので、スクリーン22の上面に堆積したスラグ14が、スクリーン22の開口部30をより通過し易くなる。
以下、本発明の第5実施形態について説明する。
図11に示されるように、ノズル72は、一例として、側壁70の下部に備えられる。
なお、ノズル72から噴出される高圧水は、アッシュホッパ水と兼用されてもよい。
以下、本発明の第6実施形態について説明する。
なお、図13,14,15は、各々本第6実施形態に係るスラグクラッシャ20の上面図、側面視の縦断面図、正面視の縦断面図である。
上板80Bは、スプレッダ24の移動範囲の上部のうち一部を覆うものである。なお、仕切り部81は、スプレッダ24の側面に設けられることとなるため、スクリーン22を仕切ると共に、ガイド80の機能も有する。また、側板80Aは、スクリーン22の側壁70と一体化されてもよい。
第1,3系統のスプレッダ24が作動する前に、第1室82_1の下方に備えられるパージノズル83からパージ水が流される。この水流によって第1室82_1のスクリーン22上のスラグ14は浮き上がり、スラグクラッシャ20の両側はガス化炉10の内壁であるため、浮き上がったスラグ14は第2室82_2に移動する。このとき第2室82_2に移動するスラグ14は、相対的に小さな(軽い)スラグ14であり、相対的に大きな(重い)スラグ14は、第1室82_1に残る。
第2室82_2に移動したスラグ14は、第2室82_2のスクリーン22の開口部30から落下することとなる。
以下、本発明の第7実施形態について説明する。
図16に示されるように、スプレッダ24が移動しても、最下部の突起物40とスクリーン22との間に隙間が生じていると、この隙間にスラグ14が残留する場合があった。
そして、図17(B)に示されるように、スプレッダ24が移動すると、対向するスプレッダ24の突出部90の面同士が幅方向に渡り面接触するので、対向するスプレッダ24との間に隙間が無くなる。
12 コンバスタ
14 スラグ
20 スラグクラッシャ
22 スクリーン
24 スプレッダ
24A 傾斜面
26 ノズル
30 開口部
60 ノズル
70 側壁
72 ノズル
80 ガイド
81 仕切り部
83 パージノズル
Claims (12)
- 炭素含有燃料をガス化させるガス化炉のコンバスタに設けられ、前記コンバスタで生成されて落下したスラグを前記ガス化炉から排出するスラグ排出装置あって、
前記スラグの落下方向に対して交差するように設けられると共に複数の開口部を有し、該開口部の径より小さな前記スラグを通過させるスクリーンと、
前記スクリーンの上面を移動し、前記スクリーンの上面に堆積した前記スラグを破砕する破砕手段と、
前記スクリーンに堆積した前記スラグに対して液体を流し水流を形成する水流形成手段と、
を備えるスラグ排出装置。 - 前記水流形成手段は、前記破砕手段の作動方向に対して並行に立設された前記スクリーンの側壁に備えられる請求項1記載のスラグ排出装置。
- 前記水流形成手段は、前記破砕手段に備えられる請求項1又は請求項2記載のスラグ排出装置。
- 前記破砕手段は、前記スラグの破砕方向に対して前傾した傾斜面を備える請求項1から請求項3の何れか1項記載のスラグ排出装置。
- 前記水流形成手段は、前記傾斜面に設けられ、前記スクリーンの方向へ液体を噴出する請求項4記載のスラグ排出装置。
- 前記水流形成手段は、前記スクリーンに備えられる請求項1から請求項5の何れか1項記載のスラグ排出装置。
- 前記水流形成手段は、液体の替わりに気体を噴出する請求項6記載のスラグ排出装置。
- 前記破砕手段の移動方向を制限するガイドを備える請求項1から請求項7の何れか1項記載のスラグ排出装置。
- 前記スクリーンの上面に複数の前記破砕手段を隣接して備えると共に、隣接する前記破砕手段の間で前記スクリーンが仕切り手段によって仕切られことで区分けされ、区分けされた領域毎の下方に前記水流形成手段を備える請求項1から請求項8の何れか1項記載のスラグ排出装置。
- 所定の前記破砕手段を作動させる前に、該所定の前記破砕手段に対応する前記領域の下方に備えられた前記水流形成手段からの水流によって、隣接する他の前記破砕手段に対応する前記領域へ前記スラグを移動させる請求項9記載のスラグ排出装置。
- 前記破砕手段の下端部は、移動したときに対向する面と幅方向に渡り面接触するように形成される請求項1から請求項10の何れか1項記載のスラグ排出装置。
- 炭素含有燃料をガス化させるガス化炉のコンバスタに設けられ、前記コンバスタで生成されて落下したスラグを前記ガス化炉から排出するスラグ排出装置を用いたスラグ排出方法あって、
前記スラグの落下方向に対して交差するように設けられると共に複数の開口部を有するスクリーンの上面に堆積したスラグ対して、水流形成手段から液体を流し水流を形成する第1工程と、
前記スクリーンの上面に堆積した前記スラグを破砕する破砕手段が、前記スクリーンの上面を移動する第2工程と、
を含むスラグ排出方法。
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US15/523,793 US20170342337A1 (en) | 2013-11-15 | 2015-11-12 | Slag discharge apparatus and slag discharge method |
KR1020177012405A KR20170077149A (ko) | 2013-11-15 | 2015-11-12 | 슬래그 배출 장치 및 슬래그 배출 방법 |
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JP6782919B2 (ja) * | 2016-10-18 | 2020-11-11 | 清水建設株式会社 | メタンハイドレート採掘装置 |
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JP7039785B2 (ja) * | 2018-02-23 | 2022-03-23 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | スラグ排出装置及びガス化炉並びにスラグ排出方法 |
CN108571744A (zh) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-09-25 | 江苏国信泗阳生物质发电有限公司 | 能防止扬尘的锅炉用间歇式出渣控制系统及控制方法 |
JP7171417B2 (ja) * | 2018-12-21 | 2022-11-15 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | スラグクラッシャ、ガス化炉、ガス化複合発電設備、及びスラグクラッシャの組立方法 |
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JPH07247484A (ja) * | 1994-01-20 | 1995-09-26 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 石炭ガス化炉の挟み込みスラグ破砕機 |
JPH0938510A (ja) * | 1995-07-26 | 1997-02-10 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | クラッシャの作動検知装置 |
JPH10121063A (ja) * | 1996-10-18 | 1998-05-12 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 石炭ガス化装置 |
JP2014136768A (ja) * | 2013-01-17 | 2014-07-28 | Babcock-Hitachi Co Ltd | 石炭ガス化装置及びスラグの排出方法 |
JP2014195768A (ja) * | 2013-03-29 | 2014-10-16 | 株式会社栗本鐵工所 | スラグ破砕機 |
WO2015072219A1 (ja) * | 2013-11-15 | 2015-05-21 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | スラグ排出装置及びスラグ排出方法 |
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CN107109262A (zh) | 2017-08-29 |
CN105658772B (zh) | 2018-04-03 |
US20160257895A1 (en) | 2016-09-08 |
KR101813419B1 (ko) | 2017-12-28 |
KR20160064170A (ko) | 2016-06-07 |
CN105658772A (zh) | 2016-06-08 |
JP2015117373A (ja) | 2015-06-25 |
WO2015072219A1 (ja) | 2015-05-21 |
KR20170077149A (ko) | 2017-07-05 |
US20170342337A1 (en) | 2017-11-30 |
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