WO2016049963A1 - 微粒声屏障及其吸隔声屏板 - Google Patents

微粒声屏障及其吸隔声屏板 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016049963A1
WO2016049963A1 PCT/CN2014/089983 CN2014089983W WO2016049963A1 WO 2016049963 A1 WO2016049963 A1 WO 2016049963A1 CN 2014089983 W CN2014089983 W CN 2014089983W WO 2016049963 A1 WO2016049963 A1 WO 2016049963A1
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Prior art keywords
sound
particles
sound absorbing
surface layer
skeleton
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PCT/CN2014/089983
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
钱伟鑫
沈加曙
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四川正升声学科技有限公司
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Priority to DE112014004605.1T priority Critical patent/DE112014004605B4/de
Priority to US14/986,241 priority patent/US9607599B2/en
Publication of WO2016049963A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016049963A1/zh

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    • E01F8/0005—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic used in a wall type arrangement
    • E01F8/0047—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic used in a wall type arrangement with open cavities, e.g. for covering sunken roads
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    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
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    • E01F8/0011—Plank-like elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
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    • E01F8/0029—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic used in a wall type arrangement with porous surfaces, e.g. concrete with porous fillers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
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Definitions

  • the invention relates to an acoustic and noise reduction engineering material, in particular to a sound absorbing component for a sound barrier.
  • high-speed rail sound barriers are generally set up at the same time as high-speed rail construction.
  • a facility is inserted between the sound source and the receiver to provide a significant additional attenuation of the sound wave propagation, thereby attenuating the effects of noise in a certain area of the receiver.
  • the sound barrier is mainly composed of two parts: a steel structure column and a sound-absorbing screen.
  • the column is the main force-receiving member of the sound barrier. It is fixed on the road anti-collision wall or the pre-buried steel plate on the track side by bolts or welding;
  • the screen is the main sound absorbing member, which is mechanically fixed in the H-shaped column slot.
  • the high-iron sound barrier is mainly divided into two categories: metal sound barrier and non-metallic concrete sound barrier.
  • metal sound barrier will be damaged by fatigue.
  • countries such as France and Japan, where high-speed rail technology developed earlier, used metal sound barriers in the past. Most of them have been replaced due to fatigue damage.
  • the high-speed railway developed in Germany generally uses non-metallic concrete sound barriers. This kind of structural form has good durability. It is also consistent and reliable. It can be created into various art structures according to the local ethnic culture. The construction and maintenance costs are low, and it has a greater advantage than the metal sound barrier.
  • the existing high-speed rail sound barrier whether it is a metal sound barrier or a non-metallic concrete sound barrier, its main sound absorbing function comes from the sound absorbing material filled in the sound absorbing screen panel, and the conventional glass wool.
  • Glass wool is prone to moisture or fibrosis in long-term use, and the glass wool is agglomerated by moisture, which affects the sound absorption performance.
  • the dust and microfibers formed after the aging of the glass wool are scattered, which may cause pollution to the atmospheric environment.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a particulate sound barrier having stable acoustic performance, mainly made of a particle board, and a sound absorbing screen thereof.
  • the inventor developed a new particle board with excellent sound absorption performance, namely the particle sound absorbing board, and submitted the application number to the State Intellectual Property Office of China on July 22, 2014.
  • the invention of CN2014103477351 "a particulate sound absorbing panel and a preparation method thereof".
  • the use of inexpensive particles such as grit, ceramsite, and recycled building waste particles is modified by an adhesive film, and the particles are pressed against each other to form micropores.
  • the microporosity of the microscopic sound absorbing plate is formed by closely pressing the particles of different diameters, and relies on the skeleton particles to form the skeleton of the sound absorbing plate, and fills the skeleton by filling a certain proportion of the fine particles filled with the skeleton particles.
  • the voids are divided into communication voids capable of conducting communication of at least two adjacent voids and semi-communication voids communicating with at most one adjacent void, thereby forming a specific microporous structure required for sound absorption.
  • the equivalent diameter of the micropores formed is related to the particle size of the particles. For example, a cross-sectional area S X ⁇ 0.163R 2 of micropores formed by mutually pressing circular particles of the same size having a radius R,
  • the particle diameter is 0.8 to 0.9 mm
  • the diameter of the micropores is about 0.182 to 0.2 mm
  • the porosity is about 25%.
  • the particle diameter is 0.5 to 0.8 mm
  • the diameter of the micropores is about 0.12 to 0.182 mm
  • the porosity is about 25%.
  • the particle diameter is 0.37 to 0.5 mm
  • the diameter of the micropores is about 0.09 to 0.12 mm
  • the porosity is about 25%.
  • the particle plate resonance sound absorbing structure it is only necessary to adjust the particle size of the particles to obtain the micropores of different equivalent diameters.
  • the cost of getting it is very low. Even with very inexpensive materials, a microscopic sound absorbing panel having excellent sound absorbing properties can be obtained by a simple process.
  • the resonant sound absorbing structure made of the particulate sound absorbing panel has the following sound absorbing characteristics.
  • the voids of the particle plate become smaller, the frequency band is widened, and the sound absorption coefficient is increased.
  • the resonant sound absorbing structure made of the microparticle sound absorbing plate basically conforms to the sound absorbing characteristics of the microperforated sound absorbing structure, and the difference lies in the cavity depth.
  • the sound absorption curve of a microperforated plate + 50 mm (depth) cavity is almost identical to the sound absorption curve of a 10 mm (thickness) particle sound absorbing plate + 40 mm (depth) cavity.
  • the reason for the above deviation, according to the inventor's analysis, is that in the particle sound absorbing plate, the micro hole is not a straight line, and it is curved and curved, which is equivalent to increasing the depth of the cavity.
  • the particle shape coefficient of the particle after the binder is selected by the particle sound absorbing plate is preferably less than 1.3.
  • CN2014104053830 is a "microparticle sound insulation board and a preparation method thereof", which uses microparticles as a substrate for sound insulation panels, the structure thereof comprises a skeleton and a filler, and the filler fills the skeleton gap; the skeleton is composed of skeleton particles Bonding is formed, the filler comprising filler particles, a binder, and a coupling agent.
  • the sound-insulating plate By adding smaller particles of different particle sizes and excess binder to fill the gap formed between the large-sized particles, the sound-insulating plate is dense and seamless, and the gap between the particles is almost completely closed, thereby achieving separation.
  • the particle size of the skeleton particles be 2 to 8 times the particle diameter of the filler particles.
  • the skeleton particles include large skeleton particles and small skeleton particles, and the large skeleton particles have a particle diameter twice that of the small skeleton particles.
  • the particles of the sound insulation board are selected from the group consisting of sand particles, ceramsite and recycled building waste particles, which are light and inexpensive, and have a wide range of sources, thereby reducing the production cost of the particle sound insulation board.
  • the binder is selected from the group consisting of an epoxy resin, a phenol resin, a urea resin, and a decyl alcohol resin, and the binder is added in an amount of 4 to 1 by weight of the sound insulating particles. 6% ensures that the gap formed by the particles in the sound insulation board is filled with the adhesive while also preventing the waste from overflowing.
  • a silane coupling agent and a coupling agent containing an isobutyl functional group are added to the binder used for the sound insulation board in an amount of 1 to 5% by weight based on the weight of the binder, and the coupling agent can be added to the sound insulation board.
  • a hydrophobic layer is formed thereon to inhibit moisture from entering the inside of the particle board, so that the sound insulation board has waterproof and anticorrosive properties.
  • the angular shape coefficient of the raw material particles selected by the sound insulation board is preferably greater than 1.5.
  • the skeleton particles and filler particles used in the sound insulation board may be selected from the group consisting of sand particles, ceramsite and recycled building waste particles, which are light and inexpensive, and have a wide range of sources, thereby reducing the production cost of the particulate sound insulation board.
  • the inventors considered applying the particulate sound absorbing panel and the particulate sound insulating panel to the production of the sound barrier to improve the durability thereof.
  • a particle suction and sound insulation panel comprising a panel body and an internal cavity thereof, the panel body comprising a sound absorbing surface layer on one side and a sound insulation surface layer on the opposite side,
  • the sound absorbing surface layer adopts a particle sound absorbing plate
  • the particle sound absorbing plate comprises a particle layer and an adhesive layer covered by the outer surface of the particle
  • the particle comprises a skeleton particle and a filling particle
  • the skeleton particle constitutes a sound absorbing plate skeleton
  • the filling particles enter the pores between the skeleton particles to form a sound absorption slit
  • the inner cavity of the screen body constitutes a resonance sound absorption chamber that interacts with the sound absorption surface layer.
  • the thickness ratio d:D of the sound absorbing surface layer and the resonant sound absorbing cavity is 1:4-8.
  • the sound absorbing surface layer has a thickness of 10 to 30 mm, and the resonant sound absorbing chamber has a thickness of 40 to 100 mm.
  • the sound insulation surface layer adopts a particle sound insulation board
  • the particle sound insulation board includes a skeleton and a filler
  • the skeleton is formed by bonding the skeleton particles
  • the filler comprises a filler particle, a binder and a coupling agent.
  • the filler fills the skeleton gap, and the thickness of the sound insulation surface layer is 20 to 50 mm.
  • the particulate sound insulating plate is composed of the following weight parts, a skeleton, 40 to 45 parts of the skeleton particles having an average particle diameter of 0.8 mm, 40 to 45 parts of the skeleton particles having an average particle diameter of 0.4 mm, and a filler and a filler particle according to the following weight Composition, 3.5 to 7 parts of filler particles having an average particle diameter of 0.2 mm, and 7 to 14 parts of filler particles having an average particle diameter of 0.1 mm; binder and even
  • the amount of the binder to be added is 4 to 6% by weight based on the total weight of the skeleton particles and the filler particles, and the amount of the coupling agent to be added is 1 to 5% based on the amount of the binder.
  • the fine particles of the particulate sound absorbing plate comprise 90 parts by weight of skeleton particles having an average particle diameter of 0.8 mm, and 10 parts of filler particles having an average particle diameter of 0.15 mm, which are used to constitute an adhesive layer of the adhesive layer.
  • the amount added is 3.5 to 6% based on the total weight of the skeleton fine particles and the filler fine particles, and the binder is added with a coupling agent in an amount of 1 to 5% by weight based on the weight of the binder.
  • the panel body is a semi-split combination structure composed of a side portion where the sound absorbing surface layer is located and a side portion where the sound insulation surface layer is located, and the side of the sound absorbing surface layer and the side of the side portion where the sound insulation surface layer is located.
  • the joint surface of the wall in the thickness direction of the panel is provided as a joint structure corresponding to the unevenness.
  • the inner side of the sound absorbing surface layer and the sound insulating surface layer are respectively provided with ribs, and the ribs correspond to each other and are connected to form a rib wall.
  • the particle sound barrier comprises a column and two or more sound-absorbing sound-insulating panels stacked on each other between adjacent columns, and the sound-absorbing screen comprises a sound absorbing layer on one side and a sound insulation layer on the opposite side.
  • the sound absorbing surface layer adopts a particle sound absorbing plate, and the particle sound absorbing plate comprises a particle layer and an adhesive layer covered by the outer surface of the particle, the particle comprises a skeleton particle and a filling particle, and the skeleton particle constitutes a sound absorbing plate a skeleton, the pores of the filling particles entering the skeleton particles form a sound absorption slit;
  • the sound insulation surface layer adopts a particle sound insulation board, the particle sound insulation board includes a skeleton and a filler, and the skeleton is formed by bonding the skeleton particles, the filling
  • the material comprises a filler particle, a binder and a coupling agent, the filler fills the skeleton gap, and the inner cavity of the panel body forms a
  • the suction and sound insulation panel is provided with a concave-convex joint end surface which is concave-convex fit along the extending direction of the board surface, and the convex surface of the concave-convex joint end surface is a convex solid board surface which is connected to the sound absorbing surface layer and the sound insulation surface layer,
  • the concave surface of the concave-convex joint end surface is a hollow open surface, and a gasket layer is adhered to the convex surface of the joint portion of the adjacent sound-absorbing acoustic panel.
  • a reinforcing rib layer is disposed on the sound insulating surface layer and the sound absorbing surface layer, and the sound insulating surface layer is fixed with a metal ring adjacent to both sides of the vertical column, and the metal ring is fixedly connected with the reinforcing rib layer.
  • the invention has the advantages of stable acoustic performance, good weather resistance, low production cost, convenient sound barrier of different colors, easy cleaning, and is particularly suitable for noise control of high-speed railways and highways.
  • Figure 1 is a front elevational view of a particulate sound absorbing screen panel of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a left side view of Figure 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a view taken along the line K in Fig. 1;
  • Figure 4 is a front elevational view of the particulate sound barrier of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a right side view of Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a plan view of Figure 4.
  • Fig. 7 is a partial enlarged view of a portion A of Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 8 is a partial enlarged view of a portion B of Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 9 is a partially enlarged view of a portion C of Fig. 6;
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of a particulate sound absorbing panel.
  • Figure 11 is a photograph of the microstructure of a particulate sound absorbing panel.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic view showing the structure of the microparticles using the microparticles.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view showing the structure of a particulate sound insulating plate.
  • Figure 14 is a photograph of the microstructure of a particulate sound insulating plate.
  • Fig. 15 is a front elevational view showing the microparticle-absorbing sound insulating panel of the present invention adopting a half-split combination structure.
  • Figure 16 is a plan view of Figure 15 .
  • Figure 17 is a right side view of Figure 15 .
  • Figure 18 is a schematic view showing another half-split combination structure of the particulate sound absorbing panel of the present invention.
  • Figure 19 is a sound insulation test result of the embodiment.
  • Figure 20 is a sound absorption test result of the embodiment.
  • the drawings are marked as: 1-absorbing sound insulation screen, 2-rib wall, 3-rib wall reinforcement, 4-reinforced rib layer, 5--sound surface layer, 6-particle sound insulation board, 7-sound-absorbing surface Layer, 8-particle acoustic board, 9-resonance sound chamber, 10-wire rope, 11-metal ring, 12-seal, 13-pad, 14-column, 15-convex, 16-concave, 17- Fixed pull ring, 18-press plate, 19-bolt, 25-rib, 27-rib, 50-side of the sound-absorbing surface layer, 61-skeleton particles, 62-filler particles, 63-binder and coupling agent, 70-side of the sound absorbing surface layer, 80-particles, 81-skeletal particles, 82-filled particles, 83-sound absorbing gap, 84-adhesive layer.
  • the particulate sound absorbing screen panel of the present invention comprises a panel body and an internal cavity thereof, and the panel body comprises a sound absorbing surface layer 7 on one side and a sound insulation surface layer 5 on the opposite side.
  • the sound absorbing surface layer 7 employs a particulate sound absorbing panel 8 including particles 80 and an adhesive layer 84 covered by the outer surface of the particles 80, the particles including skeleton particles 81 and filler particles 82.
  • the skeleton particles 81 constitute a sound absorbing plate skeleton, and the filling particles 82 enter the pores between the skeleton particles to form a sound absorbing slit 83;
  • the sound insulating surface layer 5 adopts a particulate sound insulating panel 6, which includes a skeleton and a filling
  • the skeleton is formed by bonding the skeleton particles 61.
  • the filler comprises filler particles 62, a binder and a coupling agent 63. The filler fills the skeleton gap, and the inner cavity of the panel body forms a sound absorption surface layer. 7
  • the resonant sound absorption cavity 9 cooperates, and there is no sound absorption filling material inside the panel body.
  • the use of inexpensive particles as a substrate and the use of a resin as a binder have a wide range of materials and are inexpensive. Since the inner cavity of the particle sound absorbing panel and the sound absorbing sound screen panel can form a microporous resonance sound absorbing structure, the sound absorbing sound screen panel can ensure the sound absorption and sound insulation performance of the standard, so that no sound absorbing material can be added to the sound barrier. Such as glass wool. This can ensure stable sound absorption performance, and fundamentally solve the secondary pollution caused by dust and microfiber scattering after the aging of the conventional sound-absorbing materials such as glass wool.
  • the sound barrier made of the sound-absorbing screen can use different color particles to meet the customer's appearance requirements and is easy to clean.
  • the thickness ratio d:D of the sound absorbing surface layer and the resonant sound absorbing cavity is preferably 1:4-8.
  • the thickness of the sound absorbing surface layer is 10 to 30 mm, and the thickness of the resonant sound absorbing chamber is 40 to 100 mm.
  • the performance improvement of the resonant sound absorbing structure is not obvious.
  • the thickness of the sound insulation surface layer is preferably 20 to 50 mm, and when the thickness is too thin, the sound insulation property is slightly inferior. When the thickness is too thick, not only the sound insulation property is improved. Significant and significant increase in board quality and cost.
  • the panel body is preferably designed as a semi-split combination composed of the side portion 70 where the sound absorbing surface layer is located and the side portion 50 where the sound insulating surface layer is located.
  • the side portion 70 where the sound surface layer is located and the side portion 50 where the sound insulating surface layer is located are respectively formed and then connected to each other, and the side wall of the side portion 70 where the sound absorbing surface layer is located and the side portion of the side portion 50 where the sound insulating surface layer is located are in the thickness direction of the screen.
  • the joint surface is provided with a joint structure corresponding to the unevenness to facilitate positioning during joining, and the joint surface in the thickness direction is provided with a joint structure corresponding to the unevenness, which is also advantageous for increasing the joint area and improving the joint strength.
  • the connection between the side portions is generally bonded, which is advantageous for the airtightness of the resonant sound absorbing chamber, thereby ensuring sound absorption performance.
  • the inner side of the sound absorbing surface layer 7 is provided with ribs 27, and the inner side of the sound insulating surface layer 5 is provided with ribs 25, and the ribs 27 and the ribs 25 are mutually connected and connected to form the rib wall 2, It is beneficial to improve the joint strength and the strength of the board.
  • the ribs 25 and the ribs 27 may be integrally formed with the particle board. In this case, the two are connected to each other generally by bonding, or the metal profiles fixedly connected with the reinforcing rib layer in the particle board may be used, and the two are connected to each other. Generally bolted.
  • the particulate sound barrier of the present invention comprises a column 14 and two or more sound-absorbing and insulating panels 1 stacked on each other between adjacent pillars 14.
  • the sound-absorbing panel 1 includes a sound absorbing surface layer 7 on one side and a sound insulation surface layer 5 on the opposite side, the sound absorbing surface layer 7 adopts a particle sound absorbing panel 8, which includes particles and a surface covered by the particles.
  • the particulate sound insulating plate 6 comprises a skeleton and a filler, the skeleton being formed by bonding the skeleton particles 61, the filler comprising the filler particles 62, a binder and a coupling agent 63, and the filler fills the skeleton
  • the gap, the inner cavity of the panel body constitutes a resonant sound absorbing cavity 9 which interacts with the sound absorbing surface layer 7, and the sound absorbing sound screen panel 1 has no sound absorbing filling material inside.
  • the main improvement of the above sound barrier is that the sound barrier sound insulating screen panel of the present invention is selected, that is, the particle sound absorbing panel and the particulate sound
  • the sound-absorbing and insulating screen panel 1 is provided with a concave-convex joint end surface which is concave-convex fit along the extending direction of the board surface, and the convex surface 15 of the concave-convex joint end surface is a convex solid plate surface which is connected to the sound absorbing surface.
  • the layer 7 and the sound insulating surface layer 5, the concave surface 16 of the concave-convex joint end surface is a hollow open surface, and the convex surface 15 of the lower sound-absorbing screen panel 1 and the upper sound-absorbing sound screen are arranged in the adjacent two sound-absorbing sound screen panels 1.
  • the concave surface 16 of the plate 1 is matched, and a sealing layer 12 is adhered to the convex surface 15 at the joint portion of the adjacent sound insulating screen panel.
  • the gasket layer 12 is generally made of rubber, which ensures the inside of the panel body.
  • the sealing of the resonant sound absorbing cavity ensures good sound absorbing performance, and also has a good sound insulation effect at the joint between the sound absorbing and insulating panels 1 .
  • the sound insulating surface layer 5 and the sound absorbing surface layer 7 are respectively arranged with a reinforcing rib layer 4, and the reinforcing rib layer 4 is recommended to be a glass fiber mesh cloth or a metal.
  • a metal mesh 11 is fixed on the two sides of the sound insulating surface layer 5 adjacent to the column 14, and the metal ring 11 is fixedly connected with the reinforcing rib layer 4, because the reinforcing rib layer is implanted during the forming process of the panel 4 and the metal ring 11, so that the overall structural strength and the connection strength are improved.
  • the wire rope When assembled into a sound barrier, the wire rope is pulled and fastened by 10 turns, and the upper and lower suction and sound insulation panels 1 are pressed tightly against each other, and the gasket layer 12 is tightly pressed against each other.
  • the sound-insulating panel 1 is firmly combined with the sound-absorbing panel 1 , and the gap is not easily formed to cause sound leakage.
  • the sound-absorbing panels 1 are also firmly fixed on the fixed tab 17 provided on the column 14 .
  • the particulate sound barrier for high-speed railway includes a series of uprights 14 and a plurality of sound-absorbing sound-insulating panels 1 stacked on each other between adjacent pillars 14.
  • the sound screen board 1 is pressed against the column 14 by the pressing plate 18 and the bolt 19, and is fixedly connected to the nearest column 14 through the metal ring 11 and the wire rope 10.
  • the sound insulating screen board 1 includes the sound absorbing surface layer 7 on one side and the opposite side.
  • the sound insulating surface layer 5 on the side, the sound absorbing surface layer 7 adopts a particle sound absorbing panel 8
  • the sound insulating surface layer 5 adopts a particle sound absorbing panel 6, and the sound insulating surface layer 5 and the sound absorbing surface layer 7 are respectively arranged and reinforced.
  • the rib layer 4 is a 25 ⁇ 25 mm mesh metal mesh made of 3 mm diameter steel wire, the metal ring 11 is fixedly connected with the rib layer 4, and the internal cavity of the screen body is combined with the sound absorbing surface layer 7.
  • the resonant sound absorbing cavity 9 has no sound absorbing filling material inside the sound insulating screen panel 1.
  • the sound absorbing sound insulating panel 1 is provided with a concave-convex engaging end surface which is concave-convex fit along the extending direction of the board surface, and the convex surface 15 of the concave-convex joint end surface is convex a solid plate surface connecting the sound absorbing surface layer 7 and the sound insulating surface layer 5, wherein the concave surface 16 of the concave and convex joint end surface is a hollow opening surface And a gasket layer 12 is adhered to the convex surface 15, and the gasket layer 12 is made of ethylene propylene diene monomer.
  • the particle sound barrier is designed according to the high-iron noise spectrum, and the sound barrier is controlled by the gradation of the particles, so that the high-frequency noise of the high-speed iron can be well absorbed.
  • the fine particles of the particulate sound absorbing plate 8 include the following composition parts by weight, 90 parts of the skeleton fine particles having an average particle diameter of 0.8 mm, 10 parts of the filler fine particles having an average particle diameter of 0.15 mm, and the binder is added in an amount of skeletal particles and filled.
  • the total weight of the fine particles is from 3.5 to 6%, and the binder is added with from 1 to 5% by weight based on the weight of the binder.
  • the particulate sound insulating plate 6 is composed of the following parts by weight, a skeleton, 40 to 45 parts of skeleton particles having an average particle diameter of 0.8 mm, 40 to 45 parts of skeleton particles having an average particle diameter of 0.4 mm, a filler, and filler particles in the following parts by weight Composition: 3.5 to 7 parts of filler particles having an average particle diameter of 0.2 mm, 7 to 14 parts of filler particles having an average particle diameter of 0.1 mm; binder and coupling agent, binder added in the amount of skeleton particles and filler particles The total weight is 4 to 6%, and the coupling agent is added in an amount of 1 to 5% based on the amount of the binder.
  • the coupling agent is a silane coupling agent and a coupling agent containing an isobutyl functional group, and the coupling agent can form a hydrophobic layer on the sound absorbing plate and the sound insulating plate to inhibit moisture from entering the inside of the particle plate, so that the suction is separated.
  • the sound screen board is waterproof and anti-corrosive.
  • the thickness of the sound absorbing surface layer d 20mm
  • the thickness of the sound insulation surface layer is 20mm
  • the sound barrier is designed to be 10 square meters, and the reverberation room test is carried out, and the noise reduction coefficient NRC is reached. 0.75
  • the sound insulation amount Rw 32dB.
  • the measured data of sound insulation is shown in Table 1 below, and the measured data of sound absorption is shown in Table 2 below.
  • the sound absorption and sound insulation performance of the particle sound barrier can fully meet the relevant standards of China's high-speed rail. At the same time has good weather resistance.
  • the sound-absorbing screen of the particle sound barrier can use different color particles to meet the customer's appearance requirements, and No need to spray. At the same time, the particle sound barrier is not easy to be polluted. When there is dirt on the surface, it can be directly washed with water. Its acoustic performance can be kept stable for a long time, and has good anti-corrosion and waterproof performance.

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Abstract

一种微粒声屏障及其吸隔声屏板（1），吸隔声屏板（1）的吸声面层（7）采用的微粒吸声板（8）是由表面覆盖有粘结剂层（84）的具有较小角形系数的骨架微粒（81）和填充微粒（82）相互粘接成的具有微孔隙的微粒板，吸隔声屏板（1）的隔声面层（5）采用的微粒隔声板（6）是由骨架颗粒（61）、填充颗粒（62）、粘结剂和偶联剂（63）相互紧密粘接成的致密板，屏板本体内部为与吸声面层（7）共同作用的共振吸声腔（9）。微粒声屏障包括立柱（14）和固定在相邻立柱（14）之间的相互叠置的两块以上的所述吸隔声屏板（1），吸隔声屏板（1）设置有凹凸接合端面，相接合的端面之间粘接有密封垫层（12）。其声学性能稳定、耐候性好，制作成本较低，方便做成不同颜色的声屏障，易清洗，尤适用于高速铁路及公路的噪声控制。

Description

微粒声屏障及其吸隔声屏板 技术领域
本发明涉及一种隔声降噪工程材料，尤其是一种用于声屏障的消声组件。
背景技术
随着我国高速铁路的快速发展，高铁噪声给周边居民、学校带来的影响日益增多。因此，在高铁施工的同时，一般都会设置高铁声屏障。通过声屏障，在声源和接收者之间插入一个设施，使声波传播有一个显著的附加衰减，从而减弱接收者所在的一定区域内的噪声影响。
声屏障主要由钢结构立柱和吸隔声屏板两部分组成，立柱是声屏障的主要受力构件，它通过螺栓或焊接固定在道路防撞墙或轨道边的预埋钢板上；吸隔声屏板是主要的隔声吸声构件，它一般是通过机械的方式将其固定在H型立柱槽内。
根据吸隔声屏板的材质，高铁声屏障主要分为金属声屏障和非金属混凝土声屏障两大类。从声屏障使用情况看，金属声屏障会因为疲劳而引起破坏。如法国、日本等高铁技术发展较早的国家，以前主要采用金属声屏障，大部分因疲劳破坏，已进行更换，高速铁路发达的德国普遍使用非金属混凝土声屏障，该种结构形式耐久性好、且坚同、牢靠，可根据当地民族文化创作成各种艺术结构体，建造及维护费用低，相比金属声屏障有较大的优势。
但现有的高铁声屏障无论是金属声屏障还是非金属混凝土声屏障，其主要的吸声功能均来自于吸隔声屏板内填充的吸声材料，常规是玻璃棉。玻璃棉在长期使用中易发生受潮或纤维化，玻璃棉受潮下坠结块，影响吸声性能，玻璃棉老化后形成的粉尘及微纤维飞散，会对大气环境造成污染。
为此，迫切需要寻求一种耐久性更好的声屏障。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种具有稳定声学性能、主要以微粒板制成的微粒声屏障及其吸隔声屏板。
发明人在对微粒板进行研究的过程中，研制出一种具有优良吸声性能的新型微粒板，即微粒吸声板，并于2014年7月22日向中国国家知识产权局提交了申请号为CN2014103477351的发明申请“一种微粒吸声板及其制备方法”。使用廉价的微粒如砂粒、陶粒和再生建筑废料颗粒等用粘结剂覆膜修形后粘接，微粒间相互挤靠而形成微孔。这种 微粒吸声板的微孔隙是依靠不同直径的微粒紧密挤靠而形成的，它依靠骨架颗粒形成吸声板的骨架，通过填入一定比例的较骨架颗粒细的填充颗粒来填充骨架间空隙，这些空隙分为能导通至少两个相邻空隙连通的连通空隙和至多与一个相邻空隙连通的半连通空隙，从而形成吸声所需要的一种特定微孔隙结构。通过研究，我们发现所形成微孔隙的等效直径与微粒的粒径有关。例如，以半径均为R的同样大小圆形微粒相互挤靠所形成的微孔的横截面积SX≈0.163R2，
微孔直径d≈(4×0.163R2/3.14)1/2＝(0.207R2)1/2≈0.455R，
即：当选用20～24目微粒形成的10mm的微粒板，微粒直径为0.8～0.9mm，其微孔隙的直径约为0.182～0.2mm，孔隙率约为25％。
当选用24～40目微粒形成的10mm的微粒板，微粒直径为0.5～0.8mm，其微孔隙的直径约为0.12～0.182mm，孔隙率约为25％。
当选用40～50目微粒形成的10mm的微粒板，微粒直径为0.37～0.5mm，其微孔隙的直径约为0.09～0.12mm，孔隙率约为25％。
因此，对微粒板共振吸声结构来说，要获得不同等效直径的微孔只需调整微粒的粒径即可。其获取的成本十分低廉。即用非常便宜的材料，用简单的工艺，就能获得具有优良吸声性能的微粒吸声板。
在对该微粒吸声板的吸声机理进行理论研究并进行大量试验后，发明人发现，以微粒吸声板制作成的共振吸声结构具有以下吸声特性。
随板厚增加，吸声峰值增加，共振频率向低频移动。
随着使用的微粒的目数增加，微粒板的空隙变小，频带加宽，吸声系数增加。
当微粒的配比一定、板厚一定时，增加后部空腔深度，吸声频谱向低频移动。
通过比较，以该种微粒吸声板制作成的共振吸声结构，基本上与微穿孔板吸声结构的吸声特性一致，其区别在于空腔深度。例如：微穿孔板+50mm(深度)空腔的吸声曲线与10mm(板厚)微粒吸声板+40mm(深度)空腔的吸声曲线几乎完全一致。造成上述偏差的原因，据发明人分析，在于微粒吸声板中，微孔不是直线，它是弯曲拐弯的，等同于增加了其后空腔的深度。
为了保证微粒吸声板能形成合适的缝隙，更好地控制其吸声性能，微粒吸声板所选择的覆盖粘结剂后的微粒的角形系数最好小于1.3。
[根据细则91更正 30.10.2015]　
发明人在对微粒板进行研究的过程中，还研制出一种具有优良隔声性能的新型微粒板，即微粒隔声板，并于2014年8月18日向中国国家知识产权局提交了申请号为CN2014104053830的发明申请“一种微粒隔声板及其制备方法”，它以微粒作为隔声板用基材，其结构包括骨架和填充料，填充料填满骨架缝隙；所述骨架由骨架微粒粘接形成，所述填充料包括填充微粒、粘结剂和偶联剂。通过添加不同粒径的较小微粒以及过量的粘结剂来填满大粒径微粒间所形成的空隙，达到隔声板密实无缝隙，实现微粒之间的空隙几乎全部被封闭，从而达到隔声板的要求，阻隔声波穿透。
推荐选择骨架微粒的粒径是填充微粒粒径的2～8倍。进一步的，所述骨架微粒包括大骨架微粒和小骨架微粒，大骨架微粒粒径是小骨架微粒粒径的2倍。隔声板的微粒选自砂粒、陶粒和再生建筑废料形成的微粒，这些原料质轻价廉，来源广泛，从而降低了微粒隔声板的生产成本。同时，为了保证微粒的粘结强度和粘结力，所述粘结剂选自环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、脲醛树脂和糠醇树脂，而粘结剂的加入量以隔声微粒重量计为4～6％，保证了隔声板中微粒形成的缝隙都被粘结剂所填满同时也防止粘结剂溢出造成浪费。
在隔声板使用的粘结剂中加入硅烷偶联剂和含异丁基官能团的偶联剂，加入量以粘结剂重量计为1～5％，偶联剂的加入能够在隔声板上形成憎水层，抑制水分进入到微粒板内部，从而使隔声板具有防水、防腐性能。
为了保证隔声层密实无缝隙，隔声板所选择的原料颗粒的角形系数最好大于1.5。
隔声板使用的骨架颗粒、填充颗粒可选自砂粒、陶粒和再生建筑废料形成的微粒，这些原料质轻价廉，来源广泛，从而降低了微粒隔声板的生产成本。
发明人考虑将该种微粒吸声板和微粒隔声板应用于声屏障的制作，以提高其耐久性。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：微粒吸隔声屏板，包括屏板本体和其内部空腔，屏板本体包括一侧的吸声面层和相对侧的隔声面层，所述吸声面层采用微粒吸声板，所述微粒吸声板包括微粒和所述微粒外表面覆盖的粘结剂层，所述微粒包括骨架微粒和填充微粒，骨架微粒构成吸声板骨架，填充微粒进入骨架微粒间的孔隙形成吸声缝隙，屏板本体内部空腔构成与吸声面层共同作用的共振吸声腔。
所述屏板本体内部无吸声填充材料。
所述吸声面层与共振吸声腔的厚度比d:D为1:4～8。
所述吸声面层的厚度为10～30mm，共振吸声腔的厚度为40～100mm。
所述隔声面层采用微粒隔声板，所述微粒隔声板包括骨架和填充料，所述骨架由骨架颗粒粘接形成，所述填充料包括填充颗粒、粘结剂和偶联剂，填充料填满骨架缝隙，隔声面层的厚度为20～50mm。
所述微粒隔声板按以下重量份组成，骨架，平均粒径为0.8mm的骨架颗粒40～45份，平均粒径为0.4mm的骨架颗粒40～45份，填充料，填充颗粒按以下重量份组成，平均粒径为0.2mm的填充颗粒3.5～7份，平均粒径为0.1mm的填充颗粒7～14份；粘结剂和偶 联剂，粘结剂的加入量以骨架微粒和填充颗粒的总重量计为4～6％，偶联剂的加入量以粘结剂的加入量计为1～5％。
所述微粒吸声板的微粒包括以下重量份组成，平均粒径为0.8mm的骨架微粒90份，平均粒径为0.15mm的填充微粒10份，用以构成粘结剂层的粘结剂的加入量以骨架微粒和填充微粒的总重量计为3.5～6％，所述粘结剂添加有以粘结剂重量计为1～5％的偶联剂。
所述屏板本体为由吸声面层所在侧部和隔声面层所在侧部组成的半剖分组合结构，所述吸声面层所在侧部和隔声面层所在侧部周边的侧壁在屏板厚度方向的接合面上设置成凹凸对应的接合结构。
所述吸声面层、隔声面层的内侧分别设置有肋条，肋条之间相互对应并连接形成肋壁。
微粒声屏障，包括立柱和固定在相邻立柱之间的相互叠置的两块以上的吸隔声屏板，吸隔声屏板包括一侧的吸声面层和相对侧的隔声面层，所述吸声面层采用微粒吸声板，所述微粒吸声板包括微粒和所述微粒外表面覆盖的粘结剂层，所述微粒包括骨架微粒和填充微粒，骨架微粒构成吸声板骨架，填充微粒进入骨架微粒间的孔隙形成吸声缝隙；隔声面层采用微粒隔声板，所述微粒隔声板包括骨架和填充料，所述骨架由骨架颗粒粘接形成，所述填充料包括填充颗粒、粘结剂和偶联剂，填充料填满骨架缝隙，屏板本体内部空腔构成与吸声面层共同作用的共振吸声腔。
所述吸隔声屏板设置有沿板面延伸方向凹凸配合的凹凸接合端面，所述凹凸接合端面的凸面为凸起的实心板面，其连接吸声面层和隔声面层，所述凹凸接合端面的凹面为空心开口面，并在相邻吸隔声屏板的接合部位的凸面上粘接有密封垫层。
所述隔声面层、吸声面层内部均布置有加强筋层，所述隔声面层邻近立柱的两侧边上固定有金属环，所述金属环与加强筋层固定连接。
本发明的有益效果是：声学性能稳定、耐候性好，制作成本较低，方便做成不同颜色的声屏障，易清洗，特别适用于高速铁路及公路的噪声控制。
附图说明
图1是本发明微粒吸隔声屏板的主视图。
图2是图1的左视图。
图3是图1的K向视图。
图4是本发明微粒声屏障的主视图。
图5是图4的右视图。
图6是图4的俯视图。
图7是图5的A部局部放大图。
图8是图4的B部局部放大图。
图9是图6的C部局部放大图。
图10是微粒吸声板的结构示意图。
图11是微粒吸声板的微观结构照片。
图12是微粒吸声板使用微粒的结构示意图。
图13是微粒隔声板的结构示意图。
图14是微粒隔声板的微观结构照片。
图15是本发明的微粒吸隔声屏板采用一种半剖分组合结构的主视图。
图16是图15的俯视图。
图17是图15的右视图。
图18是本发明的微粒吸隔声屏板采用另一种半剖分组合结构的示意图。
图19是实施例的隔声测试结果。
图20是实施例的吸声测试结果。
图中标记为：1-吸隔声屏板，2-肋壁，3-肋壁加强筋，4-加强筋层，5-隔声面层，6-微粒隔声板，7-吸声面层，8-微粒吸声板，9-共振吸声腔，10-钢丝绳，11-金属环，12-密封垫层，13-衬垫，14-立柱，15-凸面，16-凹面，17-固定拉环，18-压板，19-螺栓，25-肋条，27-肋条，50-隔声面层所在侧部，61-骨架颗粒，62-填充颗粒，63-粘结剂和偶联剂，70-吸声面层所在侧部，80-微粒，81-骨架微粒，82-填充微粒，83-吸声缝隙，84-粘结剂层。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
如图1～图20所示，本发明的微粒吸隔声屏板包括屏板本体和其内部空腔，屏板本体包括一侧的吸声面层7和相对侧的隔声面层5，所述吸声面层7采用微粒吸声板8，所述微粒吸声板8包括微粒80和所述微粒80外表面覆盖的粘结剂层84，所述微粒包括骨架微粒81和填充微粒82，骨架微粒81构成吸声板骨架，填充微粒82进入骨架微粒间的孔隙形成吸声缝隙83；所述隔声面层5采用微粒隔声板6，所述微粒隔声板6包括骨架和填充料，所述骨架由骨架颗粒61粘接形成，所述填充料包括填充颗粒62、粘结剂和偶联剂63，填充料填满骨架缝隙，屏板本体内部空腔构成与吸声面层7共同作用的共振吸声腔9，屏板本体内部无吸声填充材料。采用价格便宜的微粒作为基材，利用树脂作为粘结剂，其材料来源广泛且价格便宜。由于微粒吸声板与吸隔声屏板内部空腔可组成微孔共振吸声结构，保证了吸隔声屏板具有达标的吸隔声性能，故可不在声屏障中再添加吸声材料 如玻璃棉。这样就能保证稳定的吸声性能，从根本上解决玻璃棉等常规须填充的吸声材料老化后由于粉尘及微纤维飞散对大气环境造成二次污染。以这种吸隔声屏板做成的声屏障可以采用不同颜色的微粒来满足客户对外观的要求，同时容易清洗。
由于微粒吸声板及共振吸声腔具有优良的吸声性能，一般可达到NRC＝0.7以上，因此，所述屏板本体内部在不像常规吸隔声屏板那样填充入吸声填充材料时，也同样能达到声屏障的吸声要求，故建议屏板本体内部不填充入吸声填充材料，使其具有更好的耐侯性和更稳定的吸声性能。
根据微粒吸声板的吸声特性及声屏障的常规产品要求，所述吸声面层与共振吸声腔的厚度比d:D选取为1:4～8为宜。
更具体地，所述吸声面层的厚度为10～30mm，共振吸声腔的厚度为40～100mm，超过所述上限时，共振吸声结构的性能改善已经不明显。
根据微粒隔声板的隔声特性及声屏障的产品要求，所述隔声面层的厚度以20～50mm为优选，过薄则隔声特性稍差，过厚时，不仅隔声特性改善不明显且明显增加了板的质量和成本。
微粒吸声板、微粒隔声板所使用的微粒原料粒径及其配比是不同的。为方便制作，如图15、16、17所示，宜将所述屏板本体设计为由吸声面层所在侧部70和隔声面层所在侧部50组成的半剖分组合结构，吸声面层所在侧部70和隔声面层所在侧部50先分别成型再相互连接，吸声面层所在侧部70和隔声面层所在侧部50周边的侧壁在屏板厚度方向的接合面上设置成凹凸对应的接合结构，以便于连接时定位，厚度方向的接合面上设置成凹凸对应的接合结构还有利于增加粘接面积，提高粘接强度。侧部之间的连接一般采用粘接，有利于共振吸声腔的密闭性，从而保障吸声性能。
如图17、18所示，所述吸声面层7的内侧设置有肋条27，隔声面层5的内侧设置有肋条25，肋条27、肋条25之间相互对应并连接形成肋壁2，有利于提高连接强度和板面强度。肋条25、肋条27可以是与微粒板一体成型的，此时二者相互连接一般用粘接的方式，也可以采用与微粒板内的加强筋层固定连接的金属型材，此时二者相互连接一般用螺栓连接的方式。
如图1～图20所示，本发明的微粒声屏障包括立柱14和固定在相邻立柱14之间的相互叠置的两块以上的吸隔声屏板1，吸隔声屏板1包括一侧的吸声面层7和相对侧的隔声面层5，所述吸声面层7采用微粒吸声板8，所述微粒吸声板8包括微粒和所述微粒外表面覆盖的粘结剂层，所述微粒包括骨架微粒81和填充微粒82，骨架微粒81构成吸声板骨架，填充微粒82进入骨架微粒间的孔隙形成吸声缝隙83；隔声面层5采用微粒隔声 板6，所述微粒隔声板6包括骨架和填充料，所述骨架由骨架颗粒61粘接形成，所述填充料包括填充颗粒62、粘结剂和偶联剂63，填充料填满骨架缝隙，屏板本体内部空腔构成与吸声面层7共同作用的共振吸声腔9，吸隔声屏板1内部无吸声填充材料。上述声屏障的主要改进在于选用了本发明的声屏障吸隔声屏板，即以微粒吸声板和微粒隔声板做成屏板本体，使声屏障具有更佳的耐候性。
如图5和图7所示，吸隔声屏板1设置有沿板面延伸方向凹凸配合的凹凸接合端面，所述凹凸接合端面的凸面15为凸起的实心板面，其连接吸声面层7和隔声面层5，所述凹凸接合端面的凹面16为空心开口面，相邻两块吸隔声屏板1中，下方吸隔声屏板1的凸面15与上方吸隔声屏板1的凹面16配合，在相邻吸隔声屏板的接合部位，在所述凸面15上粘接有密封垫层12，密封垫层12一般以橡胶制成，既保障了屏板本体内部共振吸声腔的密封性，保障了良好的吸声性能，也使得吸隔声屏板1之间的接缝处具有良好的隔声效果。
如图4、图6、图8和图9所示，所述隔声面层5、吸声面层7内部均布置有加强筋层4，加强筋层4推荐采用玻璃纤维网格布或金属丝网，所述隔声面层5邻近立柱14的两侧边上固定有金属环11，所述金属环11与加强筋层4固定连接，因在屏板成型过程中即植入加强筋层4及金属环11，使得整体结构强度和连接强度提高，在组装为声屏障时，以钢丝绳10圈拉紧固，上、下的吸隔声屏板1相互紧紧压靠，密封垫层12与吸隔声屏板1之间牢固结合，不易形成缝隙导致漏声，也将各块吸隔声屏板1牢固固定在立柱14上设置的固定拉环17之上。
实施例：
如图1～图14所示，用于高速铁路的微粒声屏障，包括一系列的立柱14和固定在相邻立柱14之间的相互叠置的若干块吸隔声屏板1，这些吸隔声屏板1以压板18和螺栓19压靠在立柱14上，通过金属环11及钢丝绳10与最邻近的立柱14固定连接，吸隔声屏板1包括一侧的吸声面层7和相对侧的隔声面层5，所述吸声面层7采用微粒吸声板8，隔声面层5采用微粒隔声板6，隔声面层5、吸声面层7内部均布置有加强筋层4，加强筋为以3mm直径的钢丝制成的25×25mm网格的金属网，金属环11与加强筋层4固定连接，屏板本体内部空腔构成与吸声面层7共同作用的共振吸声腔9，吸隔声屏板1内部无吸声填充材料，吸隔声屏板1设置有沿板面延伸方向凹凸配合的凹凸接合端面，所述凹凸接合端面的凸面15为凸起的实心板面，其连接吸声面层7和隔声面层5，所述凹凸接合端面的凹面16为空心开口面，并在所述凸面15上粘接有密封垫层12，所述密封垫层12以三元乙丙橡胶制成。
该微粒声屏障根据高铁噪声频谱进行针对性设计，通过微粒的级配控制声屏障吸声缝隙，从而能很好的吸声高铁的中高频噪声。微粒吸声板8的微粒包括以下重量份组成，平均粒径为0.8mm的骨架微粒90份，平均粒径为0.15mm的填充微粒10份，所述粘结剂的加入量以骨架微粒和填充微粒的总重量计为3.5～6％，所述粘结剂添加有以粘结剂重量计为1～5％的偶联剂。微粒隔声板6按以下重量份组成，骨架，平均粒径为0.8mm的骨架颗粒40～45份，平均粒径为0.4mm的骨架颗粒40～45份，填充料，填充颗粒按以下重量份组成，平均粒径为0.2mm的填充颗粒3.5～7份，平均粒径为0.1mm的填充颗粒7～14份；粘结剂和偶联剂，粘结剂的加入量以骨架微粒和填充颗粒的总重量计为4～6％，偶联剂的加入量以粘结剂的加入量计为1～5％。偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂和含异丁基官能团的偶联剂，偶联剂的加入能够在吸声板、隔声板上形成憎水层，抑制水分进入到微粒板内部，使吸隔声屏板具有防水、防腐性能。
按照吸声面层的厚度d＝20mm，共振吸声腔厚度D＝50mm，隔声面层的厚度20mm设计制作了声屏障10平方米，并进行了混响室测试，其降噪系数NRC达到0.75，隔声量Rw＝32dB。隔声实测数据见下表1，吸声实测数据见下表2。
表1 隔声实测数据
Figure PCTCN2014089983-appb-000001
表2 吸声实测数据
Figure PCTCN2014089983-appb-000002
该微粒声屏障的吸声、隔声性能完全能满足我国高铁的相关标准。同时具有良好的耐侯性能。微粒声屏障的吸隔声屏板可以采用不同颜色的微粒来满足客户对外观的要求，而 不需要采用喷涂的方式。同时这种微粒声屏障不易被污染，当表面有污物时，可以直接用水清洗，其声学性能能长期保持稳定不变，具有良好的防腐和防水性能。

Claims (12)

  1. 微粒吸隔声屏板，包括屏板本体和其内部空腔，屏板本体包括一侧的吸声面层(7)和相对侧的隔声面层(5)，其特征是：所述吸声面层(7)采用微粒吸声板(8)，所述微粒吸声板(8)包括微粒和所述微粒外表面覆盖的粘结剂层，所述微粒包括骨架微粒(81)和填充微粒(82)，骨架微粒(81)构成吸声板骨架，填充微粒(82)进入骨架微粒间的孔隙形成吸声缝隙(83)，屏板本体内部空腔构成与吸声面层(7)共同作用的共振吸声腔(9)。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的微粒吸隔声屏板，其特征是：所述屏板本体内部无吸声填充材料。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的微粒吸隔声屏板，其特征是：所述吸声面层(7)与共振吸声腔(9)的厚度比d:D＝1:3～5。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的微粒吸隔声屏板，其特征是：所述吸声面层(7)的厚度d＝10～30mm，共振吸声腔(9)的厚度D＝30～150mm。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的微粒吸隔声屏板，其特征是：所述隔声面层(5)采用微粒隔声板(6)，所述微粒隔声板(6)包括骨架和填充料，所述骨架由骨架颗粒(61)粘接形成，所述填充料包括填充颗粒(62)、粘结剂和偶联剂(63)，填充料填满骨架缝隙，隔声面层(5)的厚度为20～40mm。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的微粒吸隔声屏板，其特征是：所述微粒隔声板(6)按以下重量份组成，骨架，平均粒径为0.8mm的骨架颗粒40～45份，平均粒径为0.4mm的骨架颗粒40～45份，填充料，填充颗粒按以下重量份组成，平均粒径为0.2mm的填充颗粒3.5～7份，平均粒径为0.1mm的填充颗粒7～14份；粘结剂和偶联剂，粘结剂的加入量以骨架微粒和填充颗粒的总重量计为4～6％，偶联剂的加入量以粘结剂的加入量计为1～5％。
  7. 如权利要求1～6中任意一项权利要求所述的微粒吸隔声屏板，其特征是：所述微粒吸声板(8)的微粒包括以下重量份组成，平均粒径为0.8mm的骨架微粒(81)90份，平均粒径为0.15mm的填充微粒(82)10份，用以构成粘结剂层的粘结剂的加入量以骨架微粒(81)和填充微粒(82)的总重量计为3.5～6％，所述粘结剂添加有以粘结剂重量计为1～5％的偶联剂。
  8. 如权利要求1～6中任意一项权利要求所述的微粒吸隔声屏板，其特征是：所述屏板本体为由吸声面层所在侧部(70)和隔声面层所在侧部(50)组成的半剖分组合结构，所述吸声面层所在侧部(70)和隔声面层所在侧部(50)周边的侧壁在屏板厚度方向的接合面上设置成凹凸对应的接合结构并相互粘接。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的微粒吸隔声屏板，其特征是：所述吸声面层(7)、隔声面层(5) 的内侧分别设置有肋条(27、25)，肋条(27、25)之间相互对应并连接形成肋壁(2)。
  10. 微粒声屏障，包括立柱(14)和固定在相邻立柱(14)之间的相互叠置的两块以上的吸隔声屏板(1)，吸隔声屏板(1)包括一侧的吸声面层(7)和相对侧的隔声面层(5)，其特征是：所述吸声面层(7)采用微粒吸声板(8)，所述微粒吸声板(8)包括微粒和所述微粒外表面覆盖的粘结剂层，所述微粒包括骨架微粒(81)和填充微粒(82)，骨架微粒(81)构成吸声板骨架，填充微粒(82)进入骨架微粒间的孔隙形成吸声缝隙(83)；隔声面层(5)采用微粒隔声板(6)，所述微粒隔声板(6)包括骨架和填充料，所述骨架由骨架颗粒(61)粘接形成，所述填充料包括填充颗粒(62)、粘结剂和偶联剂(63)，填充料填满骨架缝隙，屏板本体内部空腔构成与吸声面层(7)共同作用的共振吸声腔(9)。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的微粒声屏障，其特征是：所述吸隔声屏板(1)设置有沿板面延伸方向凹凸配合的凹凸接合端面，所述凹凸接合端面的凸面(15)为凸起的实心板面，其连接吸声面层(7)和隔声面层(5)，所述凹凸接合端面的凹面(16)为空心开口面，并在相邻吸隔声屏板(1)的接合部位的所述凸面(15)上粘接有密封垫层(12)。
  12. 如权利要求10或11所述的微粒声屏障，其特征是：所述隔声面层(5)、吸声面层(7)内部均布置有加强筋层(4)，所述隔声面层(5)邻近立柱(14)的两侧边上固定有金属环(11)，所述金属环(11)与加强筋层(4)固定连接。
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