WO2016049804A1 - 一次性内窥镜及系统 - Google Patents

一次性内窥镜及系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016049804A1
WO2016049804A1 PCT/CN2014/087775 CN2014087775W WO2016049804A1 WO 2016049804 A1 WO2016049804 A1 WO 2016049804A1 CN 2014087775 W CN2014087775 W CN 2014087775W WO 2016049804 A1 WO2016049804 A1 WO 2016049804A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
joint
hole
connector
disposable
tubular member
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2014/087775
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
董涛
蔡咏德
徐卫国
张开良
王瑞
郭红
陈诚
Original Assignee
董涛
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 董涛 filed Critical 董涛
Priority to JP2017533666A priority Critical patent/JP6283454B2/ja
Priority to PCT/CN2014/087775 priority patent/WO2016049804A1/zh
Priority to US15/508,780 priority patent/US10456012B2/en
Priority to EP14903275.7A priority patent/EP3202305B1/en
Priority to GB1520464.7A priority patent/GB2552920A/en
Priority to DK14903275.7T priority patent/DK3202305T3/da
Priority to CN201480009341.3A priority patent/CN105517480B/zh
Publication of WO2016049804A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016049804A1/zh

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00064—Constructional details of the endoscope body
    • A61B1/00103—Constructional details of the endoscope body designed for single use
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/005—Flexible endoscopes
    • A61B1/0051—Flexible endoscopes with controlled bending of insertion part
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00002—Operational features of endoscopes
    • A61B1/00004—Operational features of endoscopes characterised by electronic signal processing
    • A61B1/00009—Operational features of endoscopes characterised by electronic signal processing of image signals during a use of endoscope
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00002—Operational features of endoscopes
    • A61B1/00011—Operational features of endoscopes characterised by signal transmission
    • A61B1/00018—Operational features of endoscopes characterised by signal transmission using electrical cables
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00002—Operational features of endoscopes
    • A61B1/00025—Operational features of endoscopes characterised by power management
    • A61B1/00027—Operational features of endoscopes characterised by power management characterised by power supply
    • A61B1/00029—Operational features of endoscopes characterised by power management characterised by power supply externally powered, e.g. wireless
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00064—Constructional details of the endoscope body
    • A61B1/00105—Constructional details of the endoscope body characterised by modular construction
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00112—Connection or coupling means
    • A61B1/00114—Electrical cables in or with an endoscope
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00112—Connection or coupling means
    • A61B1/00121—Connectors, fasteners and adapters, e.g. on the endoscope handle
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/005—Flexible endoscopes
    • A61B1/0051—Flexible endoscopes with controlled bending of insertion part
    • A61B1/0055—Constructional details of insertion parts, e.g. vertebral elements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/005—Flexible endoscopes
    • A61B1/0051—Flexible endoscopes with controlled bending of insertion part
    • A61B1/0057—Constructional details of force transmission elements, e.g. control wires
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/005—Flexible endoscopes
    • A61B1/008—Articulations
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/04—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/04—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances
    • A61B1/05—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances characterised by the image sensor, e.g. camera, being in the distal end portion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
    • G02B23/24—Instruments or systems for viewing the inside of hollow bodies, e.g. fibrescopes
    • G02B23/2476—Non-optical details, e.g. housings, mountings, supports
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00064—Constructional details of the endoscope body
    • A61B1/00066—Proximal part of endoscope body, e.g. handles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of medical device technology, and in particular to a medical endoscope.
  • the endoscope system is an indispensable device for disease diagnosis and treatment in modern medicine.
  • Existing endoscopic systems typically include an endoscopic portion and a host portion, such as the endoscope system described in Chinese Patent Application Publication No. CN103917148A. Referring to Fig.
  • a general endoscope portion 10 includes a portion 11 inserted into a human body lumen and a mechanical control portion 12, and a portion inserted into a human body lumen mainly includes a tubular multi-joint robot 13 (the specific structure is not shown, and the reference number is CN102341057A and other Chinese patent applications) and a camera 14 mounted on the front end of the robot, the transmission wire (usually four, not shown) is inserted into the multi-joint robot, one end is fixed near the joint, and the other end is connected to the mechanical control part, the operator By manipulating the mechanical control portion, the transmission wire is moved along the length to control the bending of the multi-joint robot, so that the camera can capture images of the position of interest in the human body cavity.
  • a tubular multi-joint robot 13 the specific structure is not shown, and the reference number is CN102341057A and other Chinese patent applications
  • the transmission wire usually four, not shown
  • the transmission wire is moved along the length to control the bending of the multi-
  • the portion of the existing endoscope inserted into the body cavity is covered by a plurality of layers of materials (the specific structure is not shown), for example, the inner layer may be a hose made of a metal strand, and the outer layer may be covered with a polyurethane material or the like.
  • the video data captured by the camera is transmitted via a dedicated data line 15, which extends from the mechanical control portion and interfaces with the data interface 21 of the host portion 20 via a dedicated data connector 16.
  • the host portion typically has a data processing system 22, a display screen 23, etc. for processing and displaying the captured image data.
  • the existing medical endoscopes are reusable and expensive, and the price of an endoscope is as high as 300,000 yuan. Due to the need for re-use, in order to avoid cross-infection between patients, each endoscope must undergo a rigorous and complex disinfection procedure after use. According to the relevant disinfection technology operation regulations promulgated by the Ministry of Health, an endoscope needs to be cleaned and disinfected after 6 to 10 steps after use, which takes at least 20 minutes.
  • the current status of the medical endoscope industry is that, on the one hand, the endoscope is expensive, and its expensive purchase cost limits the number of configurations.
  • the hospital needs to set up a special disinfection room and be equipped with a special wash.
  • the elimination equipment and corresponding personnel further increase the cost of using the endoscope, and the necessary disinfection procedure limits the frequency of repeated use, so that the patient not only needs to pay economic cost but also time cost, and still needs to withstand disinfection. Risks such as cross-infection caused by incompleteness.
  • frequent cleaning and disinfection processes generate large amounts of liquid chemical waste and increase environmental pollution.
  • endoscopes are expensive -> need to be reused -> need strict sterilization -> need to resist erosion caused by disinfection to extend the service life -> need to use more Good materials and more sophisticated processes -> Endoscopes are more expensive.
  • the above development path has led to the development of medical endoscopes into a cycle of high cost and high consumption.
  • a disposable endoscope includes: a tubular member having a plurality of joints; a linear transmission member inserted into the tubular member, one end fixed to one of the joints, and the other end fixed with the first joint
  • the movement of the linear transmission member along the length direction can drive the tubular member to bend, the first joint is for detachably engaging with the corresponding joint of the external control seat;
  • the camera unit is mounted at the front end of the tubular member;
  • the electric wire bundle is connected to the camera at one end Unit, the other end is used for external power supply and data processing equipment, the wiring harness is used to supply power to the camera unit and transmit the collected image data;
  • the cladding layer is wrapped around the tubular member and the extended linear transmission member and the outside of the wiring harness;
  • the head is disposed at one end of the linear transmission member away from the tubular member, the connection head is provided with a through hole for the first joint to pass through;
  • the disposable fixing member is used for fixing the first joint with respect to the connection head, and is fixed at one
  • a disposable endoscope system comprising the aforementioned disposable endoscope and a control seat for connecting thereto, the control seat comprising: a second joint for being compatible with the first joint Disassemblingly engaging; a conductive interface for electrically connecting to the other end of the wire harness; and a connecting hole provided with a through hole for the second joint to pass through, the through hole pair of the connecting seat when the first joint is engaged with the second joint a through hole of the quasi-connecting head; a driving mechanism connected to the second joint for controlling the movement of the second joint in the longitudinal direction; and a limit switch for fixing or releasing the second joint relative to the connecting seat.
  • the control driving portion is separated from the image capturing portion that needs to be inserted into the human body cavity, and the linear transmission member is connected with the driving mechanism through the cooperation of the connecting head and the connecting seat, so that the current electronic technology is matured.
  • breakthroughs and innovations have been realized to turn expensive equipment into disposable consumables.
  • the advantage is that not only can the complicated cleaning and disinfection process be completely omitted, the economic cost of using the endoscope can be reduced, and since the disposable endoscope can be equipped in a large amount, the time cost of using the endoscope can be effectively reduced.
  • the invention will subvert the current industrial model of the endoscope industry and open up a new direction for the development of medical endoscopes.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a conventional endoscope system
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a disposable endoscope of Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a connector in Embodiment 1;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of the connector through the through hole in the embodiment 1;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of a tubular member in Embodiment 2.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic radial projection view of the tubular member in Embodiment 2.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic radial and axial projection view of an annular unit of the tubular member of Embodiment 2;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a disposable endoscope system of Embodiment 3.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a connector block in Embodiment 3.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the connecting portion of the connector and the connector in the embodiment 3 without a through hole;
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of a limit switch in Embodiment 3.
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 An embodiment of the disposable endoscope according to the present invention can be referred to FIGS. 2 to 4, including a tubular member 201, a linear transmission member 202, an imaging unit 203, a wire harness (not shown), and a cladding layer (not shown). Full illustration), connector 205 and disposable fastener 206.
  • the tubular member 201 has a plurality of joints 2011.
  • the tubular member can adopt various structures capable of achieving a controllable bending operation by a linear transmission member, and the figure is only an example, which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • the portion of the cladding that wraps the tubular member is not shown in FIG. Since it is not necessary to reuse, in order to better reduce the cost, the tubular member can be made of a material such as plastic and can be produced by a simple processing such as injection molding.
  • the linear transmission member 202 is inserted into the tubular member, one end of which is fixed relative to one of the joints of the tubular member, for example, generally fixed near the foremost joint, and the other end is fixed with the first joint 2021, and the linear transmission member is moved in the longitudinal direction. Can drive the tubular part to bend. Linear transmissions are usually available with steel wire, or other types of materials that meet the requirements for strength and flexibility.
  • the imaging unit 203 is mounted at the front end of the tubular member.
  • the camera unit can employ various structures capable of digital image acquisition. For example, conventionally, it can include a lens, a sensor chip, a lighting module, and an integrated circuit board that provides corresponding control functions.
  • the illumination module can adopt an LED cold light source with adjustable brightness.
  • the camera unit can be used with existing universal small camera assemblies, such as a common camera assembly for mobile phones, or a camera assembly made for the purpose of a disposable endoscope, for example, It has a cylindrical shape comparable to the diameter of the tubular member.
  • the imaging unit and the tubular member are divided into two components based on different functions, and the mechanical structural parts of the two can be fused with each other.
  • the packaging structure of the imaging unit can be integrated with the front end of the tubular component.
  • the package structure of the camera unit itself becomes part of the front end of the tubular member.
  • the wire harness is not shown because it is concealed inside the structure.
  • One end of the wiring harness is connected to the camera unit, and the other end is used for an external power source and a data processing device (such as a host) to supply power to the camera unit and transmit the collected image data.
  • a data processing device such as a host
  • the existing endoscope system usually uses a proprietary power supply and data transmission method, which makes the circuit more complicated and requires the use of a specially designed electrical connector to form a technical barrier.
  • the wire harness in the disposable endoscope according to the present invention can adopt a universal electrical connection method, for example, based on universal The connection method of the USB protocol for power and data transmission.
  • the cladding is wrapped around the tubular member and the extended linear drive member and the outer bundle of wires. It is easy to understand that the cladding layer can be divided into different parts and different materials and different packaging methods depending on the components to be coated.
  • the tubular member itself already has a supporting structure and needs to be bent, so that a film (not shown) can be used for wrapping, and the wire extending from the tubular member does not have a supporting structure, and thus from the end of the tubular member to the connector.
  • a portion of the hose 204 having a certain thickness may be used as a coating. As it is not necessary to reuse, it is not necessary to consider the need to resist the erosion of the harsh disinfection environment.
  • the coating layer of each part can be a single layer, so that the packaging process is simple and the endoscope can be effectively reduced.
  • the diameter of the patient thus reduces the pain of the patient during the examination.
  • the coating layer does not need to have durability and corrosion resistance requirements, generally, a material with better biocompatibility can be selected.
  • the film can be made of a medical thermoplastic elastic film (TPE/TPR), and the hose can be made of medical silica gel. Wait.
  • the connecting head 205 is disposed at one end of the linear transmission member away from the tubular member, and the connecting head is provided with a through hole 2051 through which the first joint passes. Because it belongs to the disposable consumable part and the structure is relatively simple, the connector can be made of plastic material and produced by simple process such as injection molding.
  • the disposable fastener 206 is used to fix the first joint relative to the connector, and when the disposable fastener is removed, the first joint can be moved in the length direction in the through hole of the connector.
  • the disposable fixing member is mainly used for fixing the first joint before the connecting head is connected to the connecting seat, so as to facilitate the connecting operation, and the disposable fixing member can be removed after the connecting operation is completed.
  • the first joint 2021 is cylindrical, and has a cross-sectional dimension that matches the cross-sectional dimension of the through hole 2051 of the connector, and has a protruding male connector 20211 at its end.
  • the detachable joint with the external control seat is detachably engaged, in particular, for engaging with a corresponding female connector of the external control seat.
  • connection structure of the first joint and the corresponding joint of the external control seat is interchangeable, for example, the female joint which can be disposed as a recess on the first joint, and the male joint of the protrusion is disposed on the external control seat. .
  • the first joint belongs to the consumable part, and the external control seat belongs to the permanent non-consumable part, when designing the connection structure between each other, the structural design with low difficulty or low material requirement can be considered.
  • a relatively complex or highly reliable structure is designed on the control seat.
  • first joint end is annular
  • the corresponding joint has an openable and closable grip end, which is clamped to the end of the first joint by closing the clamp end.
  • the engagement is achieved and the disassembly is achieved by opening the pinch end to release the ring at the end of the first joint.
  • the first joint end can still adopt the male joint of the shape of the embodiment, and the corresponding joint adopts the elastically controllable grasping mechanism to achieve the engagement by grasping the neck of the male joint.
  • the specific structure of the first joint does not constitute a limitation of the present invention.
  • the relative size between the first joint and the through hole of the connector is also related to the specific connection implementation, and is a design feature.
  • the through hole of the connector is equivalent to limiting the length of the first connector only along the length. The directionally moving limit mechanism enables better control of the displacement of the first joint.
  • the first joint may also have a larger dimensional difference than the through holes of the joint.
  • the center of the end surface of the connector 205 is further provided with a limiting hole 2052 for engaging with a corresponding limiting post of the external control seat. It is easy to understand that the positions of the limiting hole and the limiting post can be interchanged. Considering that the connecting head belongs to the consumable part, it is preferable to set the limiting hole on the connecting head, which is beneficial to save material.
  • This structure for connecting the center of the end face of the connector to the center of the end face of the control seat can effectively enhance the stability of the connection between the disposable endoscope and the standing portion, and ensure the smooth connection of the mechanical transmission portion. Similar to the first joint, the specific fit structure of the limit hole and the limit pile can be designed according to various existing mechanical knowledge, such as spring clamp type clamping design, or simply relying on friction between materials. Tight fit design.
  • first joints 2021 there are four first joints 2021, and the through holes 2051 of the joints 205 are disposed on the same circumference around the center of the end faces of the joints.
  • the number of first joints is determined by the number of linear transmission members, and therefore the number of first joints may vary depending on the different mechanical transmission structure (the structure in which the tubular members cooperate with the linear transmission members).
  • This uniform arrangement of the through holes 2051 in the present embodiment makes the connection operation more convenient and can provide better operational stability.
  • the end surface of the connector 205 is further provided with conductive contacts 2053, each of which is electrically connected to each of the wires in the wire bundle, when the first connector is externally connected When the corresponding joints of the control seat are engaged, the conductive contacts are used to electrically connect with the corresponding conductive interfaces on the control seat, thereby achieving the purpose of external power supply and data processing equipment through the lines on the control seat.
  • This preferred structure allows a dual connection of mechanical transmission and electrical signals through a single connection operation of the connector, improving the convenience of using a disposable endoscope.
  • the connector head 205 is further provided with a biopsy inlet 2054 and a gas injection water inlet 2055.
  • the package structure of the imaging unit is provided with a through hole (not shown) that communicates with the inside of the tubular member. The passage from the biopsy inlet and the gas injection inlet through the connector passes through the interior of the hose and tubular member to the corresponding through hole on the foremost package structure.
  • This preferred structure further enhances the functional integration of the connector, without any additional cost (only the shape of the injection mold needs to be designed and two plastic tubes are added as connecting channels), making a one-time endoscopic
  • the mirror can be used with medical devices such as biopsy forceps and air pump pumps. In other embodiments, the biopsy inlet and the gas injection water inlet may not be provided or alternatively provided as needed.
  • the disposable fixing member 206 is a curved buckle, the shape of which is matched with the cross-sectional contour of the connecting head 205, and the inner wall of the curved buckle has an inward protrusion 2061.
  • the side wall of the connector has a positioning hole 2056 extending through the through hole 2051.
  • the side surface of the first connector has a recessed hole 20212 corresponding to the position of the positioning hole, and the protrusion of the arcuate clip is inserted into the concave side of the first joint through the positioning hole. Fix it in the hole.
  • the curved snaps can be made of a brittle material such that they are damaged when removed from the connector and cannot be reused, or, in other embodiments, the ends of the curved snap It is also possible to form a closed loop by joining the fragile portions, and the arcuate clips are loosened and removed from the joint by removing the fragile portions in use. It is easy to understand that the specific structure of the disposable fixing member is not limited to the above example. If the design of the connecting structure changes, a one-time fixing structure matching the connecting structure can also be designed based on the existing mechanical knowledge.
  • the tubular member having the preferred structure includes a plurality of annular units 501, each annular unit including a barrel 5011 and a lug 5012 extending axially on either side of the barrel, the transverse direction of the barrel
  • the cross section has a through hole 5013 through which a linear transmission member (not shown) passes, and the end of the lug has a stud 50121 protruding outward in the radial direction, and the side wall of the cylindrical body has a fitting with the stud.
  • the connecting hole 50111, the lugs on the same cylinder are arranged in a crisscross manner with the connecting holes, and one annular unit is connected to each other by snapping its own studs into the connecting holes of the adjacent annular units, and the joint is formed as a joint.
  • the contour of the joint of two adjacent annular units is wedge-shaped (shown in phantom in Figure 6), and the apex angle of the wedge is located at the joint. It will be readily appreciated that the annular unit at the leading end and/or end of the tubular member may have a different configuration than the central annular unit to facilitate attachment of other components.
  • the end of the annular unit may have an extended cylindrical tail to facilitate the connection of the hose, and the annular unit such as the head end may be integrated with the package structure of the mounted camera unit, and the annular unit at the head end may have no lug. There is only a connection hole for the subsequent unit connection.
  • the aforementioned "plurality of a plurality of annular units" can be understood as a collection of central annular units having the same structure except for the end of the tubular member.
  • each of the annular units can be formed by injection molding using a plastic having a certain elasticity, and when one of the two annular units is connected, one hand presses one of the lugs. (to make the spacing between the ears smaller), the other hand squeezes the other cylinder (to make the spacing between the connecting holes larger), and then the pin on the lug is snapped onto the other cylinder
  • the connecting hole removes the pressing force, and the annular unit recovers the deformation, that is, the connection of the adjacent two sections is completed, the assembly of the entire tubular component can be completed without tools, and the assembly process is simple; on the other hand, the shape of the annular unit is formed.
  • the wedge-shaped relief angle between adjacent two annular units allows each joint to have a larger movable space, which facilitates a larger bending angle of the tubular member, so that the disposable endoscope has a more flexible viewing range.
  • FIG. 8 One embodiment of a disposable endoscope system in accordance with the present invention can be seen in reference to FIG. 8, including a disposable endoscope 200 and a control mount 300, wherein the disposable endoscope 200 employs the structure described in Embodiment 1.
  • the structure of the control base 300 can be referred to FIG. 8 to FIG. 11 and includes a second joint 301, a conductive interface 302, a connecting base 303, a driving mechanism 304 and a limit switch 305.
  • the second joint 301 is for detachably engaging the first joint.
  • the second joint has a cylindrical shape, and the cross-sectional dimension thereof is consistent with the cross-sectional dimension of the first joint, and the end portion has the same
  • a corresponding female connector 3011 is attached to the recess.
  • the female connector is open on the side so that the corresponding male connector can be screwed in from the opening to achieve the engagement.
  • the conductive interface 302 is for electrical connection with a bundle of wires of the disposable endoscope. Since the wire harness in Embodiment 1 is derived through the conductive contact 2053 provided on the end surface of the connector 205, in the present embodiment, as a preferred structure, the conductive interface 302 is disposed on the end face of the connector 303. The position is designed to enable the conductive contacts and the conductive interface to contact when the first joint is engaged with the second joint to complete the electrical connection. Particularly preferably, if the wire harness of the disposable endoscope adopts a USB transmission mode, the conductive interface 302 can have 5 contacts, and specifically, a spring contact such as a slightly protruding end face can be used to enhance the connection with the endoscope. The reliability of the conductive contact connections.
  • the connecting seat 303 is provided with a through hole 3031 through which the second joint 301 passes, and the fitting relationship of the through hole of the first joint and the connecting head is similar, and the cross-sectional size of the through hole of the connecting seat is different from the cross-sectional size of the second joint. adaptation.
  • the through hole 3031 of the connecting seat is aligned with the through hole 2051 of the connecting head, so that after the two joints are combined, the two joints can move in the communicating through hole under the driving of the driving mechanism Therefore, the driving force is smoothly transmitted to the linear transmission member.
  • the center of the end surface of the connecting seat is further provided with a limiting post 3032 corresponding to the center of the end surface of the connecting head for the limiting hole. 2052 snaps.
  • the stopper has a radially extending locking projection 30321, and the inner wall of the limiting hole has an axial sliding groove 20521 (see FIG. 3) matching the locking projection, and an axial direction of the locking projection.
  • the drive mechanism 304 is coupled to the second joint for controlling the movement of the second joint in the length direction. It is easy to understand that the driving mechanism can adopt various suitable mechanical or electric driving methods. In this embodiment, the driving manner and specific structure of the driving mechanism are not limited. For example, a stepper motor can be used to drive the pulley, and the belt driven by the pulley is fixed to the end of the second joint.
  • a limit switch 305 is used to fix or release the second connector relative to the connector.
  • the limit switch is similar to the function of the disposable fixing member, and is used for fixing the second joint to facilitate the connecting operation; after the connecting operation is completed, the limit switch also needs to release the second joint so that it can be along The through hole moves.
  • the limit switch needs to fix the second joint again to facilitate the removal of the connection, so the limit switch can be understood as having two
  • the mechanical structure of the working state that can be switched in turn can be designed by a person skilled in the art according to the specific structure thereof.
  • the limit switch 305 is disposed on the back side of the connecting base 303, and includes a slider 3051 and a limiting plate 3052.
  • the slider is disposed on the sliding direction along the moving direction of the second joint.
  • the slide position can be moved along the slide rail in the locked position and the release position, the length of the slide rail is greater than the maximum stroke of the second joint (for example, generally 2 to 3 cm), and the limit plate is fixedly connected to the slider.
  • the limiting plate abuts the rear end surface BB of the second joint, and the second joint is restrained in the through hole of the connecting seat.
  • the second joint can be Move in the space before the limit plate.
  • the slider and the slide can be symmetrically disposed on both sides of the moving direction of the second joint, and the limiting plate is connected between the two sliders, and the slide can be specifically set
  • the slider shape can be designed to facilitate the shape of a finger push.
  • the length of the second joint is the same as the length of the through hole of the connecting seat, so when the connecting operation is required, the limiting plate limits the second joint to the through hole of the connecting head,
  • the female connector on the top of the two joints is just flush with the end face of the connector, and the male connector on the top of the first connector also protrudes from the end face of the connector under the fixing of the disposable fixing member, so that the two connectors can be connected.
  • the connection the limiting hole 2052 on the connector of the disposable endoscope is aligned with the limiting post 3032 on the connecting seat, specifically, the locking protrusion 30321 is aligned with the axial sliding slot 20521, and then inserted, when connected
  • the male connector 20211 of the first connector is inserted into the opening on the side of the female connector 3011 of the second connector, and then enters the direction of the opening (for the convenience of the operator, the direction can be indicated
  • the arrow is marked on the cylinder of the connecting base) to rotate the connector, so that the male connector and the female connector, the limiting hole and the limiting post are synchronously engaged.
  • the through hole of the connector is aligned with the through hole of the connecting seat, and the connection is made.
  • the conductive contact 2053 on the end face is electrically connected to the conductive interface 302 on the end face of the connector.

Abstract

一次性内窥镜（200）及系统，其中一次性内窥镜（200）包括：管状部件（201），用于控制管状部件（201）弯曲的线状传动件（202），安装在管状部件（201）前端的摄像单元（203）及与之连接的电线束，包裹在整体结构外部的包覆层（204），设置于线状传动件（202）远离管状部件（201）的一端的连接头（205）和一次性固定件（206）。其中线状传动件（202）位于连接头（205）的一端固定有第一接头（2021），用于与外置的控制座（300）的相应第二接头（301）可拆卸地接合，第一接头（2021）被一次性固定件（206）相对于连接头（205）固定，并且能够在一次性固定件（206）移除后在连接头（205）的通孔（2051）中沿长度方向移动。一次性内窥镜系统，将用于操控驱动的控制座（300）与需要插入人体腔道的用于影像采集的一次性内窥镜（200）分离，实现了内窥镜的耗材化，从而省略了现有的复杂的清洗和消毒过程。

Description

一次性内窥镜及系统 技术领域
本发明涉及医疗器械技术领域，具体涉及医用内窥镜。
 背景技术
内窥镜系统是现代医学中进行疾病诊断和治疗不可缺少的设备。现有的内窥镜系统通常包含内窥镜部分和主机部分，例如公开号为CN103917148A的中国专利申请所描述的内窥镜系统。参考图1，一般内窥镜部分10包括插入人体腔道的部分11和机械控制部分12，插入人体腔道的部分主要包括管状的多关节机械手13（具体结构未图示，可参考公开号为CN102341057A等中国专利申请）以及安装在机械手前端的摄像头14，传动钢丝（通常为4根，未图示）插入到多关节机械手中，一端固定在关节附近，另一端与机械控制部分连接，操作者可通过操纵机械控制部分，沿长度方向移动传动钢丝来控制多关节机械手的弯曲，使得摄像头能够拍摄到人体腔道中所关心位置的影像。现有内窥镜插入人体腔道的部分由多种材料层层包裹（具体结构未图示），例如内层可采用金属绞线制成的软管，外层包覆聚氨酯材料等。摄像头采集到的视频数据经由专门的数据线15传输，该数据线从机械控制部分上延伸出去，通过专用的数据连接头16与主机部分20的数据接口21对接。主机部分通常具有数据处理系统22及显示屏23等，用以对采集到的图像数据进行处理和显示。
现有的医用内窥镜是重复使用的，其价格昂贵，一条内窥镜的售价高达30万元人民币左右。由于需要重复使用，为避免患者之间的交叉感染，每条内窥镜在使用后都必须经过严格而复杂的消毒程序。根据卫生部颁布的相关消毒技术操作规范，一条内窥镜在使用后需要经过6～10个步骤的清洗和消毒处理，耗时至少20分钟。
目前医用内窥镜产业的现状是，一方面，内窥镜价格昂贵，其不菲的购置成本使得配置数量受到很大的限制，另一方面，医院需要设立专门的消毒室并配备专门的洗消设备以及相应的人员，进一步提高了内窥镜的使用成本，而必须的消毒程序又限制了其重复使用的频率，使得患者不仅需要付出经济成本还需要付出时间成本，且仍然需要承受由于消毒不彻底所带来的交叉感染等风险。此外，频繁的清洗和消毒过程会产生大量的液体化学废弃物，还加重了环境污染。
长期以来，在医用内窥镜领域已经形成了这样的发展路径：内窥镜价格昂贵—>需要重复使用—>需要严格消毒—>需要抵抗消毒造成的侵蚀等以延长使用寿命—>需要使用更好的材料以及更精密的工艺—>内窥镜的价格更加昂贵。上述发展路径使得医用内窥镜的研发已陷入高成本和高消耗的怪圈。
即便目前内窥镜技术已从早期的光纤传导式纤维内窥镜演进到基于感光芯片成像的电子内窥镜，也仍然没有打破上述怪圈。而实际上，随着电子技术的迅速发展，作为图像采集核心元件的摄像头等配件，价格已经十分低廉，例如一个常规的30W像素的彩色CMOS摄像头总成仅需要10元人民币左右。
 发明内容
依据本发明的一方面提供一种一次性内窥镜，包括：管状部件，具有多个关节；线状传动件，插入管状部件中，一端相对于关节之一固定，另一端固定有第一接头，线状传动件沿长度方向的移动能够带动管状部件弯曲，第一接头用于与外置的控制座的相应接头可拆卸地接合；摄像单元，安装在管状部件前端；电线束，一端连接摄像单元，另一端用于外接电源及数据处理设备，电线束用于为摄像单元供电并传送采集到的图像数据；包覆层，包裹于管状部件及延伸的线状传动件和电线束外部；连接头，设置于线状传动件远离管状部件的一端，连接头上设置有供第一接头穿过的通孔；一次性固定件，用于将第一接头相对于连接头固定，当一次性固定件移除后，第一接头能够在连接头的通孔中沿长度方向移动。
依据本发明的另一方面提供一种一次性内窥镜系统，包括前述一次性内窥镜以及用于与之连接的控制座，该控制座包括：第二接头，用于与第一接头可拆卸地接合；导电接口，用于与电线束的另一端电连接；连接座，设置有供第二接头穿过的通孔，当第一接头与第二接头接合时，连接座的通孔对准连接头的通孔；驱动机构，与第二接头连接，用于控制第二接头沿长度方向的移动；限位开关，用于将第二接头相对于连接座固定或释放。
依据本发明的一次性内窥镜，将操控驱动部分与需要插入人体腔道的影像采集部分分离，线状传动件通过连接头和连接座的配合与驱动机构进行连接，使得在当前电子技术成熟的情况下，实现了将价格昂贵的设备变成一次性耗材的突破和创举。其优点在于不仅可以完全省略复杂的清洗和消毒过程，降低使用内窥镜的经济成本，而且由于一次性内窥镜可以大量配备，还能有效降低使用内窥镜的时间成本。本发明将颠覆当前内窥镜行业的产业模式，为医用内窥镜的发展开辟新的方向。
以下结合附图，对依据本发明的具体示例进行详细说明。
附图说明
图1是现有内窥镜系统的结构示意图；
图2是实施例1的一次性内窥镜的结构示意图；
图3是实施例1中的连接头的结构示意图；
图4是实施例1中的连接头的经过通孔的纵剖面的示意图；
图5是实施例2中的管状部件的结构示意图；
图6是实施例2中的管状部件的径向投影示意图；
图7是实施例2中的管状部件的一个环状单元的径向和轴向投影示意图；
图8是实施例3的一次性内窥镜系统的结构示意图；
图9是实施例3中的连接座的结构示意图；
图10是实施例3中的连接头与连接座的相连部分不经通孔的纵剖面的示意图；
图11是实施例3中的限位开关的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
依据本发明的一次性内窥镜的一种实施方式可参照图2至图4，包括管状部件201，线状传动件202，摄像单元203，电线束（未图示），包覆层（未完整图示），连接头205和一次性固定件206。
管状部件201具有多个关节2011。管状部件可采用各种能够通过线状传动件实现可控式弯曲操作的结构，图中所示仅为示例，本实施方式对此不作限定。此外，为便于呈现管状部件，图2中未示出包裹管状部件的包覆层部分。由于无需重复使用，为更好地降低成本，管状部件可采用塑胶等材质，使用例如注塑成型等简单的加工工艺来制作。
线状传动件202插入管状部件中，一端相对于管状部件的关节之一固定，例如通常可固定在最前端的关节附近，另一端固定有第一接头2021，线状传动件沿长度方向的移动能够带动管状部件弯曲。线状传动件通常可采用钢丝，也可采用其他种类的强度及伸缩性符合要求的材质。
摄像单元203安装在管状部件前端。摄像单元可采用各种能够实现数字图像采集的结构，例如，常规地，可包括镜头、感光芯片、照明模块以及提供相应控制功能的集成线路板等。作为一种优选的方案，照明模块可采用亮度可调的LED冷光源。摄像单元既可以采用已有的通用小型摄像头总成，例如常见的用于移动电话上的摄像头总成，也可采用专为一次性内窥镜的用途而制作的摄像头总成，例如可设计为具有与管状部件直径相当的圆柱形外型。本领域技术人员容易理解，由于摄像头技术已经十分成熟，即便是设计专用形式的摄像头总成也不会造成成本的明显变化。需要说明的是，摄像单元与管状部件基于各自不同的功能被分为两个部件，二者的机械结构部分可以彼此融合，例如，摄像单元的封装结构可以与管状部件的前端设计为一体。或者摄像单元的封装结构本身即成为管状部件的前端的一部分。
电线束由于隐蔽在结构内部而未图示。电线束的一端连接摄像单元，另一端用于外接电源及数据处理设备（例如主机），以便于为摄像单元供电并传送采集到的图像数据。值得一提的是，现有的内窥镜系统通常采用专有的电源及数据传送方式，这使得线路比较复杂，且需要使用专门设计的电连接头，从而形成技术壁垒。然而基于成熟的摄像头技术，有条件采用更加简洁的线路结构，因此作为一种优选的实施方式，依据本发明的一次性内窥镜中的电线束可采用通用的电连接方式，例如基于通用的USB协议的连接方式，以进行电源和数据的传输。这不仅能够减少电线束中线路的数量（一种典型的情况为5条），也使得内窥镜与主机之间的电路接口具有很好的通用性，能够有效降低主机系统的开发难度，从而降低内窥镜系统的整体成本。有理由相信，通过在常规计算机硬件上安装适当的处理软件来实现内窥镜系统的主机是能够实现的。
包覆层包裹于管状部件及延伸的线状传动件和电线束外部。容易理解的是，基于所包覆部件的不同，包覆层可以分为不同的部分并采用不同的材质及不同的封装方法。例如，管状部件自身已具有支撑性结构且需要弯曲，因此可采用薄膜（未图示）进行包裹，而自管状部件延伸出的线材不具有支撑性结构，因此自管状部件尾端至连接头的部分可使用具有一定厚度的软管204作为包覆层。由于无需重复使用，也不必考虑需要抵抗严酷的消毒环境的侵蚀，作为一种优选的实施方式，各个部位的包覆层均可为单层，这样不仅封装工艺简单而且可以有效减小内窥镜的直径，从而降低患者检查时的痛苦。由于对包覆层无需有耐久耐腐蚀等要求，一般而言选择生物相容性较好的材质即可，例如，薄膜可采用医用热塑性弹性膜（TPE/TPR）等，软管可采用医用硅胶等。
连接头205设置于线状传动件远离管状部件的一端，连接头上设置有供第一接头穿过的通孔2051。由于属于一次性耗材部分，且结构相对简单，连接头可采用塑胶材质，通过注塑成型等简单工艺进行生产。
一次性固定件206用于将第一接头相对于连接头固定，当一次性固定件移除后，第一接头能够在连接头的通孔中沿长度方向移动。一次性固定件主要用于在连接头连接到连接座之前对第一接头进行固定，以便于进行连接操作，在连接操作完成后，即可移除一次性固定件。
本实施方式中，作为一种优选的结构，第一接头2021为柱形，其横截面尺寸与连接头的通孔2051的横截面尺寸相适配，其端部具有突起的公接头20211，用于与外置的控制座的相应接头可拆卸地接合，具体地，用于与外置的控制座的相应母接头卡合。本领域技术人员容易理解，第一接头与外置控制座的相应接头上的连接结构可互换，例如第一接头上可设置为凹陷的母接头，而突起的公接头设置在外置控制座上。
值得一提的是，由于第一接头属于耗材部分，而外置控制座属于常设非耗材部分，因此在设计彼此之间的连接结构时，可以考虑将制作难度低或者对材质要求低的结构设计在第一接头上，而将制作相对复杂或者对可靠性要求高的结构设计在控制座上。
本实施方式中的第一接头的结构仅为示例，本领域技术人员容易理解，可以采用各种可拆卸的机械结构来实现第一接头与对应接头的接合。例如，在一种实施方式中，第一接头端部为环状，对应接头则具有开闭可控的钳状端部，通过闭合钳状端部使其夹住第一接头端部的环来实现接合，再通过打开钳状端部使其释放第一接头端部的环来实现拆卸。又如，在一种实施方式中，第一接头端部可仍采用本实施例形状的公接头，而对应接头则采用松紧可控的抓握机构，通过抓紧公接头的颈部实现接合。显然，基于现有的机械学知识，可以设计出各种可实现的可拆卸接合方式，因此第一接头的具体结构不构成对本发明的限制。此外，第一接头与连接头的通孔之间的相对尺寸也与具体的连接实现方式有关，属于设计性特征，本实施方式中，连接头的通孔相当于限制第一接头仅能沿长度方向移动的限位机构，使得能够更好地控制第一接头的位移。在其他的连接方式中，例如在一次性固定件对第一接头的多个维度进行了固定的情况下，第一接头与连接头的通孔相比也可能具有较大的尺寸差异。
本实施方式中，作为一种优选的结构，连接头205的端面中心还设置有限位孔2052，用于与外置的控制座的相应限位桩卡合。容易理解，限位孔与限位桩的位置可以互换，考虑到连接头属于耗材部分，优选将限位孔设置在连接头上，有利于节省材料。这种将连接头的端面中心与控制座的端面中心连接的结构能够有效增强一次性内窥镜与常设部分之间的连接的稳固程度，确保机械传动部分的连接能够顺畅运行。与第一接头类似，限位孔与限位桩的具体配合结构可根据各种已有的机械学知识进行设计，例如采用弹簧夹式的夹紧设计，或单纯依靠材质之间的摩擦力的紧配合设计等。
本实施方式中，示例性的，第一接头2021有四个，连接头205上的通孔2051围绕连接头的端面中心设置在同一圆周上。显然，第一接头的数量由线状传动件的数量确定，因此，根据不同的机械传动结构（管状部件与线状传动件相配合的结构），第一接头的数量可能不同。本实施方式中通孔2051的这种均匀的布置方式使得连接操作更加便利且能够提供更好的操作稳定性。
本实施方式中，作为一种优选的结构，连接头205的端面上还设置有导电触点2053，每个导电触点分别与电线束中的各个线路电连接，当第一接头与外置的控制座的相应接头接合时，导电触点用于与控制座上相应的导电接口电连接，从而通过控制座上的线路实现外接电源及数据处理设备的目的。这种优选的结构使得通过连接头的一次连接操作即可完成机械传动和电信号的双重连接，提高使用一次性内窥镜的便利性。在其他实施方式中，也可以采用与现有内窥镜类似的做法，通过连接头上的专门的开口将电线束引出，然后直接与提供电源和数据处理功能的主机连接。
本实施方式中，作为一种优选的结构，连接头205上还设置有活检入口2054和注气注水入口2055，摄像单元的封装结构上相应设置有连通管状部件内部的通孔（未图示），自活检入口和注气注水入口开始的通道穿过连接头，经软管及管状部件内部一直连通至位于最前端的封装结构上的对应通孔。这种优选的结构进一步提高了连接头的功能集成程度，在基本不增加额外成本的前提下（只需要设计注塑模具的形状并增加两条塑料管作为连接通道即可），使得一次性内窥镜可以配合活检钳以及气泵水泵等医疗设备使用。在其他实施方式中，根据需要也可不设置或择一设置活检入口和注气注水入口。
本实施方式中，作为一种优选的结构，一次性固定件206为弧形卡扣，其形状与连接头205的横截面轮廓相适配，弧形卡扣的内壁具有向内的突起2061，连接头的侧壁具有贯穿至通孔2051的定位孔2056，第一接头的侧面具有与定位孔位置对应的凹孔20212，弧形卡扣的突起穿过定位孔卡入第一接头侧面的凹孔中将其固定。为确保一次性使用的性质，弧形卡扣可采用脆性材质制作，使得在从连接头上移除时即被损坏而不能重复使用，或者，在其他实施方式中，弧形卡扣的两端也可以通过易损部连接而形成封闭的环状，使用时通过将易损部去除从而使弧形卡扣松开并从连接头上移除。容易理解，一次性固定件的具体结构并不局限于上述示例，若连接结构的设计发生变化，基于已有的机械学知识同样可以设计出与连接结构匹配的一次性固定结构。
实施例2
本实施例提供依据本发明的一次性内窥镜中的管状部件的一种优选结构。参照图5至图7，具有该优选结构的管状部件包括多个环状单元501，每个环状单元包括筒体5011及位于筒体两侧沿轴向延伸的支耳5012，筒体的横截面上具有供线状传动件（未图示）穿过的通孔5013，支耳的端部具有沿径向向外突起的柱销50121，筒体的侧壁具有与柱销相适配的连接孔50111，同一筒体上的支耳与连接孔呈十字交叉布置，一个环状单元通过将自身的柱销卡入相邻环状单元的连接孔中而彼此连接，连接处即形成为关节，两个相邻环状单元的相连部位的轮廓呈楔形（图6中以虚线示出），楔形的顶角位于关节处。容易理解，位于管状部件首端和/或末端的环状单元可以具有与中部的环状单元不同的结构，以便于连接其他部件。例如末端的环状单元可具有延伸的柱形尾部以便于连接软管，又如首端的环状单元可与所安装的摄像单元的封装结构结合为一体，首端的环状单元可以不具有支耳而仅具有供后续单元连接的连接孔。可以将前述“多个环状单元”理解为管状部件除首尾外具有相同结构的中部环状单元的集合。
上述管状部件的优选结构具有诸多优点：一方面，各个环状单元可以采用具有一定弹性的塑料通过注塑成型制成，相邻两个环状单元连接时，一只手挤压其中一个的支耳（使支耳之间的间距变小），另一只手挤压另一个的筒体（使连接孔之间的间距变大），然后将支耳上的柱销卡入另一个筒体上的连接孔，撤去挤压力，环状单元恢复形变即完成了相邻两节的连接，整个管状部件的组装可以无需工具徒手完成，组装工艺简单；另一方面，由环状单元的形状形成的相邻两个环状单元之间的楔形退让角使得每个关节具有更大的活动空间，有利于管状部件实现更大的弯曲角度，使得一次性内窥镜具有更灵活的观察范围。
实施例3
依据本发明的一次性内窥镜系统的一种实施方式可参照图8，包括一次性内窥镜200和控制座300，其中一次性内窥镜200采用实施例1所描述的结构。控制座300的结构可参照图8至图11，包括第二接头301，导电接口302，连接座303，驱动机构304和限位开关305。
第二接头301用于与第一接头可拆卸地接合。基于与实施例1中结构的对应关系，本实施方式中，作为一种优选的结构，第二接头为柱形，其横截面尺寸与第一接头的横截面尺寸一致，其端部具有与第一接头相应的凹陷的母接头3011。母接头侧面开口，使得相应的公接头能够自开口处旋入，实现卡合。同样与第一接头对应的，第二接头有四个，围绕连接座端面中心设置在同一圆周上。
导电接口302用于与一次性内窥镜的电线束电连接。由于实施例1中的电线束是通过连接头205的端面上设置的导电触点2053导出的，因此本实施方式中，作为一种优选的结构，导电接口302设置在连接座303的端面上，其位置被设计为能够使导电触点与导电接口在第一接头与第二接头接合时相接触，从而完成电连接。特别优选地，若一次性内窥镜的电线束采用USB传输方式，则导电接口302可具有5个触点，具体可采用例如略微突出端面的弹簧触点等，以增强与内窥镜连接头上的导电触点连接的可靠性。
连接座303设置有供第二接头301穿过的通孔3031，与第一接头和连接头的通孔的配合关系类似，连接座的通孔的横截面尺寸与第二接头的横截面尺寸相适配。当第一接头与第二接头接合时，连接座的通孔3031对准连接头的通孔2051，使得两个接头结合后，在驱动机构的传动下，两个接头能够在连通的通孔中移动，从而将驱动力顺畅地传导至线性传动件。基于与实施例1中结构的对应关系，本实施方式中，作为一种优选的结构，连接座的端面中心还设置有与连接头的端面中心相应的限位桩3032，用于与限位孔2052卡合。作为一种示例性的结构，限位桩具有沿径向延伸的锁定突起30321，限位孔内壁具有与锁定突起匹配的轴向滑槽20521（参见图3），以及位于与锁定突起的轴向位置相匹配的深度的圆周滑槽20522，使得限位桩能够在插入限位孔后通过旋转与所述限位孔卡合；所述限位桩与限位孔的旋转过程与所述公接头旋入母接头的过程同步。
驱动机构304与第二接头连接，用于控制第二接头沿长度方向的移动。容易理解，驱动机构可采用各种适当的机械或电动驱动方式，本实施例对驱动机构的驱动方式以及具体结构不作限定。例如，可采用步进电机驱动皮带轮，并将皮带轮带动的皮带固定在第二接头的尾端。
限位开关305用于将第二接头相对于连接座固定或释放。在执行连接操作前，限位开关与一次性固定件的功用类似，用于固定住第二接头以便于进行连接操作；在连接操作完成后，限位开关也需要释放第二接头使之可以沿通孔移动。与一次性固定件不同的是，在一次性内窥镜使用完成后，限位开关还需要再次对第二接头进行固定，以便于进行连接的拆除，因此限位开关可以被理解为具有两个可轮流切换的工作状态的机械结构，本领域技术人员可据此对其具体结构进行设计。
本实施方式中，作为一种优选的结构，限位开关305设置于连接座303的背面一侧，包括滑块3051以及限位板3052，滑块设置于沿第二接头的移动方向延伸的滑道3053中，能够沿滑道移动于锁定位置和释放位置，滑道的长度大于第二接头的最大行程（例如一般为2至3厘米），限位板与滑块固定连接。当滑块位于锁定位置AA时，限位板抵接第二接头的后端面BB，将第二接头限位在连接座的通孔中，当滑块位于释放位置CC时，第二接头能够在限位板之前的空间中移动。进一步优选地，为增强操作的可靠性和稳定性，滑块和滑道可对称设置于第二接头的移动方向的两侧，限位板连接在两个滑块之间，滑道具体可设置在形成为控制座的壳体的框架上，滑块外形可设计为便于手指推动的形状。容易理解，基于上述优选的结构，第二接头的长度与连接座的通孔的长度一致，因此当需要进行连接操作时，限位板将第二接头限位在连接头的通孔中，第二接头顶部的母接头正好与连接座的端面齐平，而第一接头顶部的公接头在一次性固定件的固定下也正好突出于连接头的端面，使得两个接头可以进行连接。
为更好地理解上述实施例，以下对基于实施例3的一次性内窥镜系统的使用过程进行简要说明：
一、准备：确定一次性内窥镜200的一次性固定件206完好，确定控制座300的限位开关305处于锁定位置。
二、连接：将一次性内窥镜的连接头上的限位孔2052对准连接座上的限位桩3032，具体地，将锁定突起30321对准轴向滑槽20521，然后插入，当连接头与连接座的端面贴合时，第一接头的公接头20211插入到第二接头的母接头3011侧面的开口中，随后沿进入该开口的方向（为便于操作者使用，可以将指示方向的箭头标记在连接座的柱体上）旋转连接头，使得公接头与母接头，限位孔与限位桩同步卡合，此时，连接头的通孔与连接座的通孔对齐，且连接头端面上的导电触点2053与连接座端面上的导电接口302电连接。
三、使用：连接完成后，移除一次性固定件，并将限位开关推至释放位置，即可通过控制驱动机构304（例如通过操作驱动机构控制面板上的按钮或者使用遥控器等）对摄像单元203的拍摄位置和角度进行控制，获取摄像单元采集的图像数据。
四、拆除：使用完成后，将限位开关回复到锁定位置（既可以在结束使用后直接通过限位开关将第二接头推回通孔，同步完成复位和限位操作；也可以先控制驱动机构使第二接头复位，然后再使用限位开关对第二接头进行限位），按照与连接时相反的方向旋转连接头，在卡合释放后将连接头拔出。拆下的一次性内窥镜可丢弃，使用新的一次性内窥镜重复上述过程即可继续对患者进行检查，无需等待。
以上应用具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，应该理解，以上实施方式只是用于帮助理解本发明，而不应理解为对本发明的限制。对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想，可以对上述具体实施方式进行变化。

Claims (15)

  1. 一次性内窥镜，其特征在于，包括：
    管状部件(201)，具有多个关节(2011)；
    线状传动件(202)，插入所述管状部件中，一端相对于所述关节之一固定，另一端固定有第一接头(2021)，所述线状传动件沿长度方向的移动能够带动所述管状部件弯曲，第一接头用于与外置的控制座的相应接头可拆卸地接合；
    摄像单元(203)，安装在所述管状部件前端；
    电线束，一端连接所述摄像单元，另一端用于外接电源及数据处理设备，所述电线束用于为所述摄像单元供电并传送采集到的图像数据；
    包覆层(204)，包裹于所述管状部件及延伸的所述线状传动件和所述电线束外部；
    连接头(205)，设置于所述线状传动件远离所述管状部件的一端，所述连接头上设置有供第一接头穿过的通孔(2051)；
    一次性固定件(206)，用于将第一接头相对于所述连接头固定，当所述一次性固定件移除后，第一接头能够在所述连接头的通孔中沿长度方向移动。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一次性内窥镜，其特征在于，第一接头为柱形，其横截面尺寸与所述连接头的通孔的横截面尺寸相适配，其端部具有突起的公接头(20211)或凹陷的母接头，用于与外置的控制座的相应母接头或公接头卡合，所述母接头侧面开口，使得相应的公接头能够自开口处旋入。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的一次性内窥镜，其特征在于，所述连接头的端面中心还设置有限位孔(2052)或限位桩，用于与外置的控制座的相应限位桩或限位孔卡合。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的一次性内窥镜，其特征在于，所述第一接头有四个，所述连接头上的通孔围绕所述连接头的端面中心设置在同一圆周上。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的一次性内窥镜，其特征在于，所述连接头的端面上还设置有导电触点(2053)，每个导电触点分别与所述电线束中的各个线路电连接，当第一接头与外置的控制座的相应接头接合时，所述导电触点用于与所述控制座上相应的导电接口电连接。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的一次性内窥镜，其特征在于，所述摄像单元的封装结构上设置有连通所述管状部件内部的通孔，所述连接头上还设置有活检入口(2054)和/或注气注水入口(2055)，自所述活检入口和/或注气注水入口开始的通道穿过所述连接头一直连通至所述封装结构上的通孔。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的一次性内窥镜，其特征在于，所述管状部件包括多个环状单元(501)，所述环状单元包括筒体(5011)及位于所述筒体两侧沿轴向延伸的支耳(5012)，所述筒体的横截面上具有供所述线状传动件穿过的通孔(5013)，所述支耳的端部具有沿径向向外突起的柱销(50121)，所述筒体的侧壁具有与所述柱销相适配的连接孔(50111)，同一筒体上的支耳与连接孔呈十字交叉布置，一个环状单元通过将自身的柱销卡入相邻环状单元的连接孔中而彼此连接，连接处即形成为关节，两个相邻环状单元的相连部位的轮廓呈楔形，楔形的顶角位于关节处。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的一次性内窥镜，其特征在于，所述一次性固定件为弧形卡扣，其形状与所述连接头的横截面轮廓相适配，所述弧形卡扣的内壁具有向内的突起(2061)，所述连接头的侧壁具有贯穿至所述通孔的定位孔(2056)，第一接头的侧面具有与所述定位孔位置对应的凹孔(20212)，所述弧形卡扣的突起穿过所述定位孔卡入第一接头侧面的凹孔中将其固定。
  9. 一次性内窥镜系统，其特征在于，包括一次性内窥镜(200)和控制座(300)，
    所述一次性内窥镜包括：
    管状部件(201)，具有多个关节(2011)；
    线状传动件(202)，插入所述管状部件中，一端相对于所述关节之一固定，另一端固定有第一接头(2021)，所述线状传动件沿长度方向的移动能够带动所述管状部件弯曲；
    摄像单元(203)，安装在所述管状部件前端；
    电线束，一端连接所述摄像单元，另一端用于外接电源及数据处理设备，所述电线束用于为所述摄像单元供电并传送采集到的图像数据；
    包覆层(204)，包裹于所述管状部件及延伸的所述线状传动件和所述电线束外部；
    连接头(205)，设置于所述线状传动件远离所述管状部件的一端，所述连接头上设置有供第一接头穿过的通孔(2051)；
    一次性固定件(206)，用于将第一接头相对于所述连接头固定，当所述一次性固定件移除后，第一接头能够在所述连接头的通孔中沿长度方向移动；
    所述控制座包括：
    第二接头(301)，用于与第一接头可拆卸地接合；
    导电接口(302)，用于与所述电线束的所述另一端电连接；
    连接座(303)，设置有供第二接头穿过的通孔(3031)，当第一接头与第二接头接合时，所述连接座的通孔对准所述连接头的通孔；
    驱动机构(304)，与第二接头连接，用于控制第二接头沿长度方向的移动；
    限位开关(305)，用于将第二接头相对于所述连接座固定或释放。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的系统，其特征在于，
    第一接头为柱形，其横截面尺寸与所述连接头的通孔的横截面尺寸相适配，其端部具有突起的公接头(20211)或凹陷的母接头；
    第二接头为柱形，其横截面尺寸与所述连接座的通孔的横截面尺寸相适配且与第一接头的横截面尺寸一致，其端部具有与第一接头相应的凹陷的母接头(3011)或突起的公接头，
    所述母接头侧面开口，使得相应的公接头能够自开口处旋入，实现卡合。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的系统，其特征在于，
    所述连接头的端面中心还设置有限位孔(2052)或限位桩，
    所述连接座的端面中心还设置有与所述连接头的端面中心相应的限位桩(3032)或限位孔，
    所述限位桩和限位孔能够卡合。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的系统，其特征在于，
    所述限位桩具有沿径向延伸的锁定突起(30321)，所述限位孔内壁具有与所述锁定突起匹配的轴向滑槽(20521)，以及位于与所述锁定突起的轴向位置相匹配的深度的圆周滑槽(20522)，使得所述限位桩能够在插入限位孔后通过旋转与所述限位孔卡合；
    所述限位桩与限位孔的旋转过程与所述公接头旋入母接头的过程同步。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的系统，其特征在于，所述第一接头和第二接头有四个，所述连接头和连接座上的通孔围绕各自的端面中心设置在同一圆周上。
  14. 如权利要求9所述的系统，其特征在于，
    所述连接头的端面上还设置有导电触点(2053)，每个导电触点分别与所述电线束中的各个线路电连接，
    所述导电接口(302)设置在所述连接座的端面上，
    当第一接头与第二接头接合时，所述导电触点与所述导电接口电连接。
  15. 如权利要求10所述的系统，其特征在于，
    所述限位开关设置于所述连接座的背面一侧，包括滑块(3051)以及限位板(3052)，所述滑块设置于沿第二接头的移动方向延伸的滑道(3053)中，能够沿滑道移动于锁定位置(AA)和释放位置(CC)，所述滑道的长度大于第二接头的最大行程，所述限位板与所述滑块固定连接，
    当所述滑块位于锁定位置时，所述限位板抵接第二接头的后端面(BB)，将第二接头限位在所述连接座的通孔中，当所述滑块位于释放位置时，第二接头能够在所述限位板之前的空间中移动。
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