WO2016047766A1 - 透明体の製造方法、透明体及び非晶質体 - Google Patents
透明体の製造方法、透明体及び非晶質体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016047766A1 WO2016047766A1 PCT/JP2015/077158 JP2015077158W WO2016047766A1 WO 2016047766 A1 WO2016047766 A1 WO 2016047766A1 JP 2015077158 W JP2015077158 W JP 2015077158W WO 2016047766 A1 WO2016047766 A1 WO 2016047766A1
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- FXZPCECRHWRKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N C=COc(cc1)cc2c1cc(C1(c3ccccc3-c3ccccc13)c(ccc1c3)cc1ccc3OCCCl)cc2 Chemical compound C=COc(cc1)cc2c1cc(C1(c3ccccc3-c3ccccc13)c(ccc1c3)cc1ccc3OCCCl)cc2 FXZPCECRHWRKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a transparent body using a vinyl group-containing compound and a transparent body obtained by this production method.
- Condensed polycyclic compounds have various excellent functions and are used in various applications.
- a compound having a fluorene skeleton (such as a 9,9-bisphenylfluorene skeleton) which is a condensed polycyclic aromatic compound is excellent in optical characteristics such as light transmittance and refractive index, and thermal characteristics such as heat resistance. It is known to have a function. Therefore, compounds having a fluorene skeleton are used as raw materials for optical members such as lenses, prisms, filters, image display materials, optical disk substrates, optical fibers, optical waveguides, casing materials, films, and coating materials. Examples of the compound having such a fluorene skeleton include those disclosed in Patent Document 1.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a transparent body using a novel vinyl group-containing compound and a transparent body obtained by this production method.
- the inventors of the present invention have intensively studied to solve the above problems. As a result, a method for producing a transparent body using a novel vinyl group-containing compound was found, and the present invention was completed. Specifically, the present invention provides the following.
- the first aspect of the present invention is a method for producing a transparent body comprising subjecting a vinyl group-containing compound represented by the following general formula (1) to heating at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the above compound.
- W 1 and W 2 independently represent a group represented by the following general formula (2), a group represented by the following general formula (4), a hydroxyl group, or a (meth) acryloyloxy group
- W 1 and W 2 are not simultaneously a hydroxyl group or a group represented by the following general formula (4)
- the ring Y 1 and the ring Y 2 represent the same or different aromatic hydrocarbon rings
- R is a single bond or a substituent.
- a methylene group which may have a substituent an ethylene group which may have a substituent and may contain a hetero atom between two carbon atoms, a group represented by —O—, a group represented by —NH—, Or a group represented by —S—, R 3a and R 3b independently represent a cyano group, a halogen atom, or a monovalent hydrocarbon group, and n1 and n2 each independently represents an integer of 0 to 4.
- ring Z represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring
- X represents a single bond or a group represented by —S—
- R 1 represents a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- R 2 represents Monovalent hydrocarbon group, hydroxyl group, group represented by —OR 4a , group represented by —SR 4b , acyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, halogen atom, nitro group, cyano group, mercapto group, carboxyl group, amino group, carbamoyl Group, a group represented by —NHR 4c , a group represented by —N (R 4d ) 2 , a (meth) acryloyloxy group, a sulfo group, or a monovalent hydrocarbon group, a group represented by —OR 4a , —SR 4b At least a part of the hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon atom contained in the group represented by the above, an acyl group, an alk
- R 4a to R 4d are each independently a monovalent hydrocarbon
- m represents an integer of 0 or more.
- rings Z, X, R 1 , R 2 , and m are as described above.
- a second aspect of the present invention includes subjecting a monovinyl group and a mono (meth) acryloyloxy group-containing compound represented by the following general formula (10) to heating at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the above compound. It is a manufacturing method of a body.
- W 11 and W 12 represents a group represented by the general formula (2)
- the other represents a group represented by the following general formula (11) or (12)
- the ring Y 1 , ring Y 2 , R, R 3a , R 3b , n1 and n2 are as described above.
- R 5 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- l represents an integer of 1 to 4
- rings Z, X, R 1 , R 2 , and m are as described above.
- rings Z, X, R 1 , R 2 , R 5 , and m are as described above.
- a third aspect of the present invention is a method for producing a transparent body comprising subjecting a (meth) acryloyloxy group-containing compound represented by the following general formula (19) to heating at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the above compound. It is.
- W 13 and W 14 represents a group represented by the general formula (12) independently, a hydroxyl group, or a (meth) acryloyloxy group, provided that at least one of the above general formula W 13 and W 14 (The group represented by (12), wherein ring Y 1 , ring Y 2 , R, R 3a , R 3b , n1, and n2 are as described above.)
- the fourth aspect of the present invention is a transparent body obtained by the above production method.
- the fifth aspect of the present invention is an amorphous body containing a vinyl group-containing compound represented by the general formula (1).
- a method for producing a transparent body using a novel vinyl group-containing compound and a transparent body obtained by this production method can be provided.
- the method for producing a transparent body according to the present invention includes a vinyl group-containing compound represented by the general formula (1), a monovinyl group and a mono (meth) acryloyloxy group-containing compound represented by the general formula (10), and And / or subjecting the (meth) acryloyloxy group-containing compound represented by the general formula (19) to heating at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the compound.
- the compound is melted by the heating.
- a transparent body can be obtained by cooling and solidifying the compound melted by the heating below its melting point or by further heating and curing the compound melted by the heating.
- the melting point of the above compound is a value at 1 atmosphere measured by differential heat / thermogravimetry.
- the upper limit of the temperature at the time of heating is not particularly limited as long as a transparent body is obtained, but when the melting point of the above compound is Tm (° C.), for example, (Tm + 300) ° C. or lower, preferably (Tm + 200) ° C. or lower. Can be mentioned.
- Tm melting point
- Tm + 300 melting point
- Tm + 200 preferably (Tm + 200) ° C. or lower.
- the curing temperature is, for example, 150 to 300 ° C.
- the above heating is preferably performed in the absence of oxygen.
- the heating is preferably performed in an inert atmosphere.
- the inert atmosphere include a nitrogen atmosphere; a rare gas atmosphere such as an argon atmosphere.
- An inert atmosphere can be used individually or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the heating is preferably performed in the absence of the compound and the solvent. By performing the heating in the non-coexistence of the compound and the solvent, the influence of the solvent remaining in the obtained transparent body is easily suppressed.
- a transparent body in the method for producing a transparent body according to the present invention, can be obtained as a transparent film by depositing the molten compound, and a transparent molded body can be obtained by molding the molten compound.
- a transparent body can be obtained.
- the film forming method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method in which the molten compound is applied onto a substrate such as a glass substrate or a silicon substrate and solidified or cured as described above. Moreover, as a shaping
- the vinyl group-containing compound contained in the composition according to the present invention is represented by the following general formula (1).
- the said vinyl group containing compound can be used individually or in combination of 2 or more types.
- W 1 and W 2 are independently a group represented by the following general formula (2), a group represented by the following general formula (4), a hydroxyl group, or a (meth) acryloyloxy group.
- W 1 and W 2 are not simultaneously a hydroxyl group or a group represented by the following general formula (4).
- At least one of W 1 and W 2 is preferably a group represented by the following general formula (2), and both W 1 and W 2 are groups represented by the following general formula (2). Is more preferable.
- the term “(meth) acryloyl” means both acryloyl and methacryloyl.
- examples of the ring Z include a benzene ring and a condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ring [for example, a condensed bicyclic hydrocarbon ring (for example, C 8 such as a naphthalene ring). -20 condensed bicyclic hydrocarbon rings, preferably C 10-16 condensed bicyclic hydrocarbon rings), condensed tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon rings (eg, anthracene ring, phenanthrene ring, etc.) 2-4 Cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ring] and the like.
- Ring Z is preferably a benzene ring or a naphthalene ring, and more preferably a naphthalene ring.
- the ring Z contained in W 1 and the ring Z contained in W 2 may be the same or different.
- one ring is a benzene ring
- the other ring may be a naphthalene ring or the like, but it is particularly preferable that either ring is a naphthalene ring.
- the substitution position of the ring Z which both W 1 and W 2 are bonded via X to the carbon atoms directly connected is not particularly limited.
- the group corresponding to the ring Z bonded to the carbon atom may be a 1-naphthyl group, a 2-naphthyl group, or the like.
- X independently represents a single bond or a group represented by —S—, and is typically a single bond.
- R 1 is, for example, a single bond; having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as methylene group, ethylene group, trimethylene group, propylene group, butane-1,2-diyl group, etc.
- W 1 and W 2 are groups represented by the general formula (2), or one of W 1 and W 2 is a group represented by the general formula (2), and the other there is a group represented by the general formula (4), the R 1 contained in R 1 and W 2 included in W 1, may be the same or may be different.
- R 2 represents, for example, an alkyl group (eg, a C 1-12 alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, preferably C 1-8 alkyl group, more preferably C 1-6 alkyl group, etc.), cycloalkyl group (C 5-10 cycloalkyl group such as cyclohexyl group, preferably C 5-8 cycloalkyl group, more preferably C 5-6 cycloalkyl group, etc.), aryl group (eg, C 6-14 aryl group such as phenyl group, tolyl group, xylyl group, naphthyl group, etc., preferably C 6-10 aryl group, more preferably C 6-8 hydroxyl; alkoxy aryl group), a monovalent hydrocarbon group such as an aralkyl group (benzyl group, such as C
- aryloxy group C 6-10 aryloxy group such as phenoxy group
- aralkyloxy group eg C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl such as benzyloxy group
- R 4a represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group (such as the monovalent hydrocarbon group exemplified above)].
- An alkylthio group (a C 1-12 alkylthio group such as a methylthio group, an ethylthio group, a propylthio group or a butylthio group, preferably a C 1-8 alkylthio group, more preferably a C 1-6 alkylthio group), a cycloalkylthio group ( C 5-10 cycloalkylthio group such as cyclohexylthio group), arylthio group (C 6-10 arylthio group such as phenylthio group), aralkylthio group (for example, C 6-10 aryl-C 1 ⁇ such as benzylthio group)
- a group represented by —SR 4b such as a 4- alkylthio group (wherein R 4b represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group (such as the monovalent hydrocarbon group exemplified above)).
- An acyl group (a C 1-6 acyl group such as an acetyl group); an alkoxycarbonyl group (a C 1-4 alkoxy-carbonyl group such as a methoxycarbonyl group); a halogen atom (a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, Nitro group; cyano group; mercapto group; carboxyl group; amino group; carbamoyl group; alkylamino group (C 1-12 alkylamino such as methylamino group, ethylamino group, propylamino group, butylamino group, etc.) Group, preferably C 1-8 alkylamino group, more preferably C 1-6 alkylamino group, etc.), cycloalkylamino group (C 5-10 cycloalkylamino group such as cyclohexylamino group, etc.), arylamino group (C 6-10 arylamino group such as phenyla
- Dialkylamino group (di (C 1-12 alkyl) amino group such as dimethylamino group, diethylamino group, dipropylamino group, dibutylamino group, preferably di (C 1-8 alkyl) amino group, more preferably Di (C 1-6 alkyl) amino group, etc.), dicycloalkylamino group (di (C 5-10 cycloalkyl) amino group such as dicyclohexylamino group), diarylamino group (diphenylamino group etc.) C 6-10 aryl) amino group), diaralkylamino group (for example, di (C 6-10 aryl-C 1-4 alkyl) amino group such as dibenzylamino group) and the like —N (R 4d ) 2
- R 4d independently represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group (such as the monovalent hydrocarbon group exemplified above).
- R 2 is a monovalent hydrocarbon group, a group represented by —OR 4a , a group represented by —SR 4b , an acyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group.
- R 2 is a monovalent hydrocarbon group [eg, alkyl group (eg, C 1-6 alkyl group), cycloalkyl group (eg, C 5-8 cycloalkyl group), aryl group (eg, C 6- 10 aryl group), aralkyl group (for example, C 6-8 aryl-C 1-2 alkyl group) and the like], alkoxy group (C 1-4 alkoxy group and the like) and the like.
- R 2a and R 2b are monovalent hydrocarbons such as an alkyl group [C 1-4 alkyl group (particularly methyl group) and the like], an aryl group [eg C 6-10 aryl group (particularly phenyl group) and the like], etc.
- a group (particularly an alkyl group) is preferred.
- R 2 When m is an integer of 2 or more, R 2 may be different from each other or the same.
- W 1 and W 2 are groups represented by the general formula (2), or one of W 1 and W 2 is a group represented by the general formula (2), and the other there is a group represented by the general formula (4), the R 2 contained in R 2 and W 2 included in W 1, may be the same or may be different.
- the number m of R 2 can be selected according to the type of the ring Z, and is, for example, 0 to 4, preferably 0 to 3, more preferably 0 to 2. Also good.
- W 1 and W 2 are groups represented by the general formula (2), or one of W 1 and W 2 is a group represented by the general formula (2), and the other Is a group represented by the above general formula (4), m in W 1 and m in W 2 may be the same or different.
- examples of the ring Y 1 and the ring Y 2 include a benzene ring, a condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ring [for example, a condensed bicyclic hydrocarbon ring (for example, C such as a naphthalene ring). 8-20 condensed bicyclic hydrocarbon rings, preferably C 10-16 condensed bicyclic hydrocarbon rings), condensed tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon rings (eg, anthracene ring, phenanthrene ring, etc.) Tetracyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ring] and the like.
- Ring Y 1 and ring Y 2 are preferably a benzene ring or a naphthalene ring.
- Ring Y 1 and ring Y 2 may be the same or different.
- one ring may be a benzene ring and the other ring may be a naphthalene ring.
- R is a single bond, a methylene group which may have a substituent, an ethylene group which may have a substituent and may contain a hetero atom between two carbon atoms,- A group represented by O—, a group represented by —NH—, or a group represented by —S— is typically represented by a single bond.
- the substituent for example, a cyano group, a halogen atom (fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, etc.), a monovalent hydrocarbon group [for example, an alkyl group (methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, C 1-6 alkyl group such as butyl group and t-butyl group), aryl group (C 6-10 aryl group such as phenyl group) and the like], and the hetero atom includes, for example, oxygen atom, nitrogen atom , Sulfur atom, silicon atom and the like.
- a cyano group for example, an alkyl group (methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, C 1-6 alkyl group such as butyl group and t-butyl group), aryl group (C 6-10 aryl group such as phenyl group) and the like
- the hetero atom includes, for example, oxygen atom
- R 3a and R 3b are usually non-reactive substituents such as cyano groups, halogen atoms (fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, bromine atoms, etc.), monovalent hydrocarbon groups [for example, , An alkyl group, an aryl group (C 6-10 aryl group such as a phenyl group) and the like].
- a cyano group or an alkyl group is preferable, and an alkyl group is particularly preferable.
- alkyl group examples include C 1-6 alkyl groups such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, and a t-butyl group (for example, a C 1-4 alkyl group, particularly a methyl group).
- R3a when n1 is an integer greater than or equal to 2, R3a may mutually differ and may be the same.
- R3b when n2 is an integer greater than or equal to 2, R3b may mutually differ and may be the same. Further, R 3a and R 3b may be the same or different.
- substitution positions of R 3a and R 3b with respect to ring Y 1 and ring Y 2 are not particularly limited.
- Preferred substitution numbers n1 and n2 are 0 or 1, in particular 0. Note that n1 and n2 may be the same as or different from each other.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) has a vinyloxy group and / or a (meth) acryloyloxy group while maintaining excellent optical properties and thermal properties, it has high reactivity.
- the compound represented by the above general formula (1) has a fluorene skeleton, and has optical and thermal characteristics. Even better. Since such a compound represented by the general formula (1) can be polymerized, it functions as a polymerizable monomer.
- W 1 and W 2 are groups represented by the above general formula (2), the compound represented by the above general formula (1) can be cationically polymerized. Function as.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) functions as a radical polymerizable monomer because it can undergo radical polymerization.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) is a vinyloxy group and / or when W 1 and W 2 are independently a group represented by the general formula (2) or a (meth) acryloyloxy group. Since two vinyl groups contained in the form of a (meth) acryloyloxy group can react with different molecules, they can be suitably used as a crosslinking agent.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) gives a cured product having high hardness, and is preferable as a base material component in the composition.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) is used in various applications, for example, an alignment film and a planarization film (for example, an alignment film and a planarization film used for a liquid crystal display or an organic EL display); Resist underlayer films such as interlayer insulating films and carbon hard masks; spacers and partition walls of liquid crystal display displays and organic EL displays; color filter pixels and black matrices of liquid crystal display displays; display devices such as liquid crystal display displays and organic EL displays Optical members such as lenses (for example, microlenses), optical fibers, optical waveguides, prism sheets, holograms, high refractive films, retroreflective films; low moisture permeable films (for example, low moisture permeable films used as water vapor barrier layers) Optical materials; can be used for semiconductor materials.
- an alignment film and a planarization film for example, an alignment film and a planarization film used for a liquid crystal display or an organic EL display
- Resist underlayer films such as interlayer insulating films
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) has a fluorene skeleton, and has light transmittance and refractive index. It is preferable because it is further excellent in optical characteristics and thermal characteristics.
- W 1 and W 2 are both groups represented by the general formula (2), X is a single bond, and R 1 is a single bond. In some cases, optical properties such as light transmittance and refractive index tend to be more excellent. In particular, when R 1 is a single bond, the optical characteristics and the thermal characteristics tend to be remarkably improved, which is preferable.
- a particularly preferred specific example is a compound represented by the following formula.
- W 1a and W 2a independently represent a group represented by the general formula (2), a group represented by the general formula (4), a hydroxyl group, or a (meth) acryloyloxy group
- W 1a and W 2a are not a hydroxyl group, a group represented by the general formula (4), or a (meth) acryloyloxy group at the same time
- ring Y 1 , ring Y 2 , R, R 3a , R 3b , n1, and n2 Is as described above.
- the vinyl group-containing compound represented by the general formula (1a) is represented by the following general formula (13) in the presence of a transition element compound catalyst and an inorganic base, for example, according to the production method described in JP-A-2008-266169. It can be synthesized by reacting the vinyl ester compound represented with the hydroxyl group-containing compound represented by the following general formula (3).
- the inorganic base is preferably a solid inorganic base containing 10% by weight or more of particles having a particle diameter of less than 150 ⁇ m.
- the vinyl group-containing compound represented by the general formula (1a) can be synthesized as in Synthesis Examples 1 to 3 described later.
- R 6 CO—O—CH ⁇ CH 2 (13) (In the formula, R 6 represents a hydrogen atom or an organic group.)
- W 3 and W 4 in the formula independently represent a group or a hydroxyl group represented by the following general formula (4), provided that W 3 and W 4 are not hydroxyl groups at the same time, but are represented by ring Y 1 , ring Y 2 , R , R 3a , R 3b , n1, and n2 are as described above.
- rings Z, X, R 1 , R 2 , and m are as described above.
- the compound represented by the general formula (3) includes, for example, a compound represented by the following general formula (14) and / or a compound represented by the following general formula (15) in the presence of an acid catalyst, It can be synthesized by reacting with a compound represented by the following general formula (16).
- the desired compound represented by the above general formula (3) is appropriately adjusted by adjusting the combination of the compound represented by the following general formula (14) and the compound represented by the following general formula (15), the amount of addition, and the like.
- a hydroxyl group-containing compound can be obtained.
- the target hydroxyl group-containing compound may be separated by a known separation method such as silica gel column chromatography.
- ring Y 1 , ring Y 2 , ring Z, R, R 1 , R 2 , R 3a , R 3b , m, n1, and n2 are As above.
- Examples of the acid catalyst used in the synthesis of the compound represented by the general formula (3), reaction conditions, and the like include, for example, fluorene-based compounds described in claims in Patent Document 1 or Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-255929 What is described that it can be used for the manufacturing method of a compound is mentioned.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1a) is, for example, from the hydroxyl group-containing compound represented by the general formula (3) via the leaving group-containing compound represented by the following general formula (5). It can also be synthesized by a production method including obtaining a vinyl group-containing compound represented by the general formula (1a).
- W 5 and W 6 in the formula independently represent a group or a hydroxyl group represented by the following general formula (6), provided that W 5 and W 6 are not hydroxyl groups at the same time, but are represented by ring Y 1 , ring Y 2 , R , R 3a , R 3b , n1, and n2 are as described above.
- E is a chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom, methanesulfonyloxy group, trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy group, paratoluenesulfonyloxy group, or alkyloxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms substituted by a benzenesulfonyloxy group
- rings Z, X, R 1 , R 2 , and m are as described above.
- the leaving group-containing compound represented by the general formula (5) can be synthesized, for example, by reacting the hydroxyl group-containing compound represented by the general formula (3) with the leaving group-containing compound.
- the leaving group-containing compound include thionyl chloride, a compound represented by the following formula, and the like.
- the reaction temperature include ⁇ 20 to 150 ° C., preferably ⁇ 10 to 140 ° C., and more preferably 30 to 130 ° C.
- the vinyl group-containing compound represented by the general formula (1a) can be synthesized, for example, by reacting the leaving group-containing compound represented by the general formula (5) with a vinylating agent.
- the vinylating agent include sodium hydroxide, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane, diazabicycloundecene, sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium -T-butoxide and the like can be mentioned, preferably diazabicycloundecene, sodium ethoxide, potassium-t-butoxide and the like, more preferably potassium-t-butoxide.
- the reaction temperature include ⁇ 20 to 150 ° C., preferably ⁇ 10 to 100 ° C., and more preferably 0 to 60 ° C.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1a) is, for example, from a hydroxyalkyloxy group-containing compound represented by the following general formula (7) via a leaving group-containing compound represented by the above general formula (5). Then, it can be synthesized by a production method including obtaining the vinyl group-containing compound represented by the general formula (1a). Specifically, Synthesis Examples 4 and 5 and Synthesis Example 12 described later are used. And 13 can be synthesized.
- W 7 and W 8 independently represent a group or a hydroxyl group represented by the following general formula (8), provided that W 7 and W 8 are not hydroxyl groups at the same time, but are represented by ring Y 1 , ring Y 2 , R , R 3a , R 3b , n1, and n2 are as described above.
- the hydroxyalkyloxy group-containing compound represented by the general formula (7) is represented by, for example, a compound represented by the following general formula (17) and / or the following general formula (18) in the presence of an acid catalyst. It can synthesize
- the desired compound represented by the above general formula (7) is appropriately adjusted by adjusting the combination method and the amount of the compound represented by the following general formula (17) and the compound represented by the following general formula (18).
- a hydroxyalkyloxy group-containing compound can be obtained. Further, after the reaction, the target hydroxyalkyloxy group-containing compound may be separated by a known separation method such as silica gel column chromatography.
- Examples of the acid catalyst and reaction conditions used for the synthesis of the compound represented by the general formula (7) include those exemplified in the description of the method for synthesizing the compound represented by the general formula (3). It is done.
- the leaving group-containing compound represented by the general formula (5) is synthesized, for example, by reacting the hydroxyalkyloxy group-containing compound represented by the general formula (7) with the leaving group-containing compound. be able to.
- a leaving group containing compound and reaction temperature what was illustrated about the said manufacturing method 2 is mentioned, for example.
- the vinyl group-containing compound represented by the general formula (1a) can be synthesized, for example, by reacting the leaving group-containing compound represented by the general formula (5) with a vinylating agent.
- a vinylating agent and reaction temperature what was illustrated about the said manufacturing method 2 is mentioned, for example.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1a) can be obtained in high yield from the hydroxyalkyloxy group-containing compound represented by the general formula (7).
- the yield of 9,9′-bis (6-vinyloxy-2-naphthyl) fluorene is 77%
- 9,9′-bis (4- The yield of vinyloxyphenyl) fluorene was 79%.
- the load in the purification step of the compound represented by the general formula (1a) can be reduced.
- special reaction equipment such as a heat-resistant container, is unnecessary, and a simpler apparatus can be used.
- a combustible gas such as acetylene gas is not used, and the compound represented by the general formula (1a) can be produced more safely.
- the vinyl group-containing compound represented by the general formula (1) may be purified after synthesis. It does not specifically limit as a purification method, For example, well-known methods, such as silica gel column chromatography, are mentioned.
- the purification improves the purity of the vinyl group-containing compound represented by the general formula (1) and reduces the content of the metal component.
- the purified vinyl group-containing compound is easily improved in reactivity, and coloring during the reaction is effectively suppressed.
- the leaving group containing compound represented by General formula (5) manufactures the vinyl group containing compound represented by the said General formula (1a). It is useful as an intermediate.
- the leaving group-containing compound represented by the general formula (5) can be synthesized, for example, by the method described in the production method 2 or 3.
- the monovinyl group-containing compound represented by the general formula (9) and the production method thereof produces the vinyl group-containing compound represented by the general formula (1a). It is useful as an intermediate for
- any one of W 9 and W 10 represents a group represented by the above general formula (2), the other represents a group represented by the above general formula (6), and ring Y 1 , ring Y 2 , R, R 3a , R 3b , n1, and n2 are as described above.
- the monovinyl group-containing compound represented by the general formula (9) is obtained from the leaving group-containing compound represented by the following general formula (5a) to obtain the monovinyl group-containing compound represented by the general formula (9). It is possible to synthesize by the manufacturing method including, specifically, it is possible to synthesize as in Synthesis Examples 8 and 11 described later. That is, the monovinyl group-containing compound represented by the general formula (9) can be synthesized, for example, by reacting the leaving group-containing compound represented by the general formula (5a) with a vinylating agent. it can. As a vinylating agent and reaction temperature, what was illustrated about the said manufacturing method 2 is mentioned, for example.
- the amount of the vinylating agent used is preferably 0.1 to 10 mol, more preferably 0.5 to 5 with respect to 1 mol of the leaving group in the leaving group-containing compound represented by the general formula (5a). Mole, still more preferably 0.8 to 2 mole.
- W 5a and W 6a represent the group represented by the general formula (6), and ring Y 1 , ring Y 2 , R, R 3a , R 3b , n1 and n2 are as described above. .
- the monovinyl group and mono (meth) acryloyloxy group-containing compound contained in the composition according to the present invention is represented by the following general formula (10).
- the monovinyl group and mono (meth) acryloyloxy group-containing compound can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Since this compound has a vinyloxy group and a (meth) acryloyloxy group while maintaining excellent optical properties and thermal properties, it has high reactivity.
- the compound represented by the following general formula (10) has a fluorene skeleton, and has optical and thermal properties. Even better. Since the compound represented by the following general formula (10) can be polymerized in the same manner as the vinyl group-containing compound represented by the above general formula (1), it functions as a polymerizable monomer and as a crosslinking agent. It can be used suitably. Furthermore, the compound represented by the following general formula (10) gives a cured product having high hardness, and is preferable as a base component in the composition. In addition, when the compound represented by the following general formula (10) is contained in the negative photosensitive resin composition, good fine patterning characteristics can be obtained. The compound represented by the following general formula (10) can be used in various applications, for example, the applications specifically exemplified for the compound represented by the above general formula (1).
- W 11 and W 12 represents a group represented by the general formula (2)
- the other represents a group represented by the following general formula (11) or (12)
- the ring Y 1 , ring Y 2 , R, R 3a , R 3b , n1 and n2 are as described above.
- R 5 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and rings Z, X, R 1 , R 2 , m, and l are as described above.
- rings Z, X, R 1 , R 2 , R 5 , and m are as described above.
- the (meth) acryloyloxy group-containing compound contained in the composition according to the present invention is represented by the following general formula (19).
- the said (meth) acryloyloxy group containing compound can be used individually or in combination of 2 or more types. Since this compound has a (meth) acryloyloxy group while maintaining excellent optical properties and thermal properties, it has high reactivity.
- the compound represented by the following general formula (19) has a fluorene skeleton, and has optical and thermal properties. Even better.
- the compound represented by the following general formula (19) can be polymerized in the same manner as the vinyl group-containing compound represented by the above general formula (1), it functions as a polymerizable monomer and as a crosslinking agent. It can be used suitably. Furthermore, the compound represented by the following general formula (19) gives a cured product having a high hardness, and is preferable as a base component in the composition. In addition, when the compound represented by the following general formula (19) is contained in the negative photosensitive resin composition, good fine patterning characteristics can be obtained.
- the compound represented by the following general formula (19) can be used in various applications, for example, the applications specifically exemplified for the compound represented by the above general formula (1).
- W 13 and W 14 represents a group represented by the general formula (12) independently, a hydroxyl group, or a (meth) acryloyloxy group, provided that at least one of the above general formula W 13 and W 14 (The group represented by (12), wherein ring Y 1 , ring Y 2 , R, R 3a , R 3b , n1, and n2 are as described above.)
- a particularly preferred specific example is a compound represented by the following formula.
- the compound represented by the general formula (19) can be synthesized, for example, by reacting the hydroxyl group-containing compound represented by the general formula (3) with a (meth) acrylating agent.
- the (meth) acrylating agent include (meth) acryloyl halides such as (meth) acryloyl chloride; (meth) acrylic anhydride, (meth) acryloyl halide is preferable, and (meth) acryloyl chloride is preferable. More preferred.
- the reaction temperature include ⁇ 20 to 150 ° C., preferably ⁇ 10 to 100 ° C., and more preferably 0 to 60 ° C.
- “(meth) acrylating agent” means both an acrylating agent and a methacrylating agent
- “(meth) acrylic anhydride” means acrylic anhydride and methacrylic anhydride. Means both.
- the compound represented by the general formula (19) may be purified after synthesis. It does not specifically limit as a purification method, For example, well-known methods, such as silica gel column chromatography, are mentioned. Purification improves the purity of the compound represented by the general formula (19) and reduces the content of the metal component. The produced compound is easily improved in reactivity, and coloring during the reaction is effectively suppressed.
- the transparent body according to the present invention is obtained by the above production method. By performing film formation or molding as described above, the transparent body can be obtained as a transparent film or a transparent molded body.
- the transparent body according to the present invention is excellent in optical characteristics such as contrast ratio, light transmittance and refractive index, and thermal characteristics such as heat resistance.
- the transparent body according to the present invention includes, for example, an optical member such as a lens (for example, a microlens), an optical fiber, an optical waveguide, a prism sheet, a hologram, a highly refractive film, a retroreflective film; an alignment film and a planarizing film (for example, Alignment film and planarization film used for liquid crystal display and organic EL display, etc.); antireflection film; interlayer insulating film; resist underlayer film such as carbon hard mask; semiconductor material, etc., and liquid crystal display It can also be used for display devices such as displays and organic EL displays. Especially, it can use especially suitably for the use calculated
- the amorphous body according to the present invention is an amorphous body containing the vinyl group-containing compound represented by the general formula (1).
- This amorphous body has a disordered molecular arrangement and does not have a distinguishable crystal lattice. It is recognized that the amorphous body is a transparent glassy solid.
- the amorphous body may be the transparent body described above, and the vinyl group-containing compound represented by the general formula (1) The amorphous body may be used.
- This amorphous material does not show a diffraction peak at a diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ) of 15.5 ° to 18.4 ° in X-ray diffraction measurement (XRD) using a CuK ⁇ spectrum. Specifically, this amorphous body has a diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ) of 15.5 ° to 18.4 ° as shown by the X-ray diffraction pattern of the transparent film 2 of Comparative Example 1 in FIG. The diffraction peak at is not shown.
- the vinyl group-containing compound represented by the general formula (1) is crystalline, the diffraction peak at the diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ) of 15.5 ° to 18.4 ° is a regularity of the compound constituting the crystal lattice.
- the amorphous material is preferably a solid obtained by the above-described production method, but is amorphous because it does not show a diffraction peak derived from such crystalline material.
- Appatus name SmartLab manufactured by Rigaku Corporation
- the measurement conditions are CuK ⁇ ray, incident angle fixed at 0.5 °, and 2 ⁇ scan.
- this amorphous body does not have an endothermic peak at 100 ° C. to 200 ° C. in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Specifically, this amorphous material does not show an endothermic peak at 100 ° C. to 200 ° C. as shown by the DSC curve of Comparative Example 3 in FIG. 3 described later.
- the endothermic peak at 100 ° C. to 200 ° C. is an endothermic peak derived from crystalline when the vinyl group-containing compound represented by the general formula (1) is crystalline.
- the above-mentioned amorphous body is preferably a solid obtained by the above-described production method, but is amorphous because it does not show the end of the endothermic peak in the DSC curve derived from such crystalline material.
- the differential scanning calorimeter “apparatus name STA449F1 Jupiter” (manufactured by NETZSCH) can be used. The measurement condition is that a 10 mg sample is heated at a rate of 2 ° C./min in a nitrogen atmosphere. Good.
- thermogravimetric measuring apparatus (“STA449F1 Jupiter” (manufactured by NETZSCH)) can be used for the thermogravimetric measuring apparatus, and the measurement conditions may be as follows: a 10 mg sample is heated at a rate of temperature increase of 2 ° C./min in a nitrogen atmosphere. .
- Synthesis methods of Compounds 1 to 3 are shown below (Synthesis Examples 1 to 3).
- the materials used in the synthesis examples are as follows.
- [Inorganic base] Light ash sodium carbonate particle size distribution: 250 ⁇ m or more; 3% by weight 150 ⁇ m or more and less than 250 ⁇ m; 15% by weight 75 ⁇ m or more and less than 150 ⁇ m; 50% by weight ⁇ 75 ⁇ m; 32% by weight
- the above particle size distribution is classified by using 60 mesh (250 ⁇ m), 100 mesh (150 ⁇ m), and 200 mesh (75 ⁇ m) sieves, and finally obtained on the sieving component and the sieving component. Calculated by measuring the weight.
- Synthesis (isolation) of Compound 2 The reaction product obtained in Synthesis Example 1 was subjected to silica gel column chromatography for separation and purification, and bis6-naphtholfluorene monovinyl ether (Compound 2) was isolated.
- the target dimethacrylic compound (compound represented by the following formula; hereinafter also referred to as compound 12) is obtained as a white solid in a yield of 73% by purification by silica gel column chromatography.
- 1 H-NMR (CDCl 3 ): 2.08 (s, 6H), 5.77 (s, 2H), 6.38 (s, 2H), 7.18-7.84 (m, 20H)
- the transparent film 1 had a smaller contrast ratio than the transparent film 2 and the glass substrate. This suggests that in the case of the transparent film 1, polarization has occurred and there is a possibility that the crystal state and the orientation state are changed.
- Example 1 transparent film 1
- Comparative Example 1 transparent film 2
- X-ray diffraction analysis (“device name SmartLab” (manufactured by Rigaku Corporation), CuK ⁇ ray, incident angle fixed at 0.5 °, 2 ⁇ scan) Went.
- device name SmartLab manufactured by Rigaku Corporation
- CuK ⁇ ray incident angle fixed at 0.5 °, 2 ⁇ scan
- Example 1 transparent film 1
- Comparative Example 1 transparent film 2
- the compound 1 after purification was subjected to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG). Specifically, using “apparatus name STA449F1 Jupiter” (manufactured by NETZSCH), a 10 mg sample was heated to 200 ° C. at a temperature increase rate of 2 ° C./min in a nitrogen atmosphere (Comparative Example 3). Thereafter, the same sample was air-cooled to room temperature, and again heated to 300 ° C. under the same conditions (Example 2).
- DSC differential scanning calorimetry
- TG thermogravimetry
- Example 3 the peak which raises to the plus side turns into an endothermic peak.
- an endothermic peak due to melting was observed at around 149 ° C. in the first temperature rising process up to 200 ° C.
- Example 2 after air cooling, the peak of the endothermic peak was not observed in the temperature raising process up to 300 ° C. From this, it can be seen that the sample once heated to the melting point or more is changed to an amorphous body because the melting point does not exist. Therefore, in Example 2, the sample is formed as an amorphous body having no melting point. It is suggested that
Abstract
Description
本発明に係る透明体の製造方法は、上記一般式(1)で表されるビニル基含有化合物、上記一般式(10)で表されるモノビニル基及びモノ(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ基含有化合物、及び/又は上記一般式(19)で表される(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ基含有化合物を上記化合物の融点以上の温度での加熱に付することを含む。上記加熱により上記化合物は溶融する。例えば、上記加熱により溶融した上記化合物をその融点以下に冷却して固化させることにより、又は、上記加熱により溶融した上記化合物を更に加熱して硬化させることにより、透明体を得ることができる。なお、上記化合物の融点は、示差熱/熱重量測定により測定される1気圧における値である。
<一般式(1)で表されるビニル基含有化合物>
本発明に係る組成物に含有されるビニル基含有化合物は、下記一般式(1)で表されるものである。上記ビニル基含有化合物は、単独で又は2種以上組み合わせて用いることができる。
上記一般式(1)で表されるビニル基含有化合物の中でも、下記一般式(1a)で表されるものは、例えば、下記の製造方法1~3により製造することができる。
上記一般式(1a)で表されるビニル基含有化合物は、例えば、特開2008-266169号公報に記載の製造方法に従い、遷移元素化合物触媒及び無機塩基の存在下、下記一般式(13)で表されるビニルエステル化合物と、下記一般式(3)で表される水酸基含有化合物とを反応させることにより、合成することが可能である。上記無機塩基は、粒子径150μm未満の粒子を10重量%以上含有する固体の無機塩基であることが好ましい。具体的には、上記一般式(1a)で表されるビニル基含有化合物は、後述する合成例1~3のようにして合成することが可能である。
(式中、R6は、水素原子又は有機基を示す。)
上記一般式(1a)で表される化合物は、例えば、上記一般式(3)で表される水酸基含有化合物から、下記一般式(5)で表される脱離基含有化合物を経由して、上記一般式(1a)で表されるビニル基含有化合物を得ることを含む製造方法により、合成することも可能である。
上記一般式(1a)で表される化合物は、例えば、下記一般式(7)で表されるヒドロキシアルキルオキシ基含有化合物から、上記一般式(5)で表される脱離基含有化合物を経由して、上記一般式(1a)で表されるビニル基含有化合物を得ることを含む製造方法により、合成することも可能であり、具体的には、後述する合成例4及び5並びに合成例12及び13のようにして合成することが可能である。
上記一般式(1)で表されるビニル基含有化合物は、合成後に精製してもよい。精製方法としては、特に限定されず、例えば、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー等の公知の方法が挙げられる。精製により、上記一般式(1)で表されるビニル基含有化合物の純度が向上するとともに、金属成分の含有量が低減する。精製されたビニル基含有化合物は、反応性が向上しやすくなり、また、反応時の着色が効果的に抑制される。
上記一般式(5)で表される脱離基含有化合物は、上記一般式(1a)で表されるビニル基含有化合物を製造するための中間体として有用である。上記一般式(5)で表される脱離基含有化合物は、例えば、上記製造方法2又は3中で説明した方法により合成することができる。
下記一般式(9)で表されるモノビニル基含有化合物は、上記一般式(1a)で表されるビニル基含有化合物を製造するための中間体として有用である。
本発明に係る組成物に含有されるモノビニル基及びモノ(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ基含有化合物は、下記一般式(10)で表されるものである。上記モノビニル基及びモノ(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ基含有化合物は、単独で又は2種以上組み合わせて用いることができる。この化合物は、優れた光学的特性及び熱的特性を保持しつつ、ビニロキシ基及び(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ基を有するため、高い反応性を有する。特に、環Y1及び環Y2がベンゼン環であり、Rが単結合である場合、下記一般式(10)で表される化合物は、フルオレン骨格を有し、光学的特性及び熱的特性に更に優れる。下記一般式(10)で表される化合物は、上記一般式(1)で表されるビニル基含有化合物と同様に、重合することができるため、重合性モノマーとして機能し、また、架橋剤として好適に用いることができる。更に、下記一般式(10)で表される化合物は、高い硬度を有する硬化物を与え、組成物中の基材成分として好ましい。加えて、下記一般式(10)で表される化合物をネガ型感光性樹脂組成物に含有させた際には、良好な微小パターニング特性を得ることが可能である。下記一般式(10)で表される化合物は、種々の用途、例えば、上記一般式(1)で表される化合物について具体的に例示した用途に用いることができる。
本発明に係る組成物に含有される(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ基含有化合物は、下記一般式(19)で表されるものである。上記(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ基含有化合物は、単独で又は2種以上組み合わせて用いることができる。この化合物は、優れた光学的特性及び熱的特性を保持しつつ、(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ基を有するため、高い反応性を有する。特に、環Y1及び環Y2がベンゼン環であり、Rが単結合である場合、下記一般式(19)で表される化合物は、フルオレン骨格を有し、光学的特性及び熱的特性に更に優れる。下記一般式(19)で表される化合物は、上記一般式(1)で表されるビニル基含有化合物と同様に、重合することができるため、重合性モノマーとして機能し、また、架橋剤として好適に用いることができる。更に、下記一般式(19)で表される化合物は、高い硬度を有する硬化物を与え、組成物中の基材成分として好ましい。加えて、下記一般式(19)で表される化合物をネガ型感光性樹脂組成物に含有させた際には、良好な微小パターニング特性を得ることが可能である。下記一般式(19)で表される化合物は、種々の用途、例えば、上記一般式(1)で表される化合物について具体的に例示した用途に用いることができる。
上記一般式(19)で表される化合物は、例えば、上記一般式(3)で表される水酸基含有化合物から上記一般式(19)で表される(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ基含有化合物を得ることを含む製造方法により、合成することが可能であり、具体的には、後述する合成例14及び15のようにして合成することが可能である。
本発明に係る透明体は、上記製造方法で得られるものである。上述した通りに成膜又は成形を行うことにより、上記透明体は、透明膜又は透明成形体として得ることができる。
本発明に係る非晶質体は、上記一般式(1)で表されるビニル基含有化合物を含む非晶質体である。この非晶質体は、無秩序な分子配列からなり、区別できる結晶格子を有さない。上記非晶質体は、透明性のあるガラス状固体であることが視認され、具体的には、上述の透明体であってよく、また、一般式(1)で表されるビニル基含有化合物の非晶質体であってもよい。
上記一般式(1)で表される化合物としては、下記式で表される化合物1~3を準備した。
(1)軽灰炭酸ナトリウム
粒子径分布:250μm以上;3重量%
150μm以上250μm未満;15重量%
75μm以上150μm未満;50重量%
75μm未満;32重量%
なお、上記の粒子径分布は、60メッシュ(250μm)、100メッシュ(150μm)、200メッシュ(75μm)のふるいを用いて仕分けた後、最終的に得られた篩上成分及び篩下成分各々の重量を測定することにより算出した。
(1)ジ-μ-クロロビス(1,5-シクロオクタジエン)二イリジウム(I):[Ir(cod)Cl]2
(1)9,9’-ビス(6-ヒドロキシ-2-ナフチル)フルオレン
(2)9,9’-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)フルオレン
(1)プロピオン酸ビニル
冷却管、及び、凝縮液を分液させて有機層を反応容器に戻し水層を系外に排出するためのデカンターを取り付けた1000ml反応容器に、ジ-μ-クロロビス(1,5-シクロオクタジエン)二イリジウム(I)[Ir(cod)Cl]2(839mg、1.25mmol)、軽灰炭酸ナトリウム(12.7g、0.12mol)、9,9’-ビス(6-ヒドロキシ-2-ナフチル)フルオレン(225g、0.5mol)、プロピオン酸ビニル(125g、1.25mol)、及びトルエン(300ml)を仕込んだ後、表面積が10cm2の撹拌羽根を用い回転数を250rpmに設定し、撹拌しながら徐々に温度を上げて還流させた。還流下、副生する水をデカンターで除去しながら、5時間反応させた。反応液をガスクロマトグラフィーにより分析したところ、9,9’-ビス(6-ヒドロキシ-2-ナフチル)フルオレンの転化率は100%であり、9,9’-ビス(6-ヒドロキシ-2-ナフチル)フルオレンを基準として9,9’-ビス(6-ビニロキシ-2-ナフチル)フルオレン(化合物1)が81%、ビス6-ナフトールフルオレンモノビニルエーテルが4%の収率で生成していた。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):4.47(dd、2H、J=1.5Hz、5.0Hz)、4.81(dd、2H、J=3.5Hz、12.0Hz)、6.71(dd、2H、J=6.0Hz)、7.12-7.82(m、20H)
合成例1で得られた反応生成物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーに供して分離精製を実施し、ビス6-ナフトールフルオレンモノビニルエーテル(化合物2)を単離した。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):4.55(dd、1H、J=6.0Hz)、4.88(dd、1H、J=3.5Hz)、6.79(dd、1H、J=6.0Hz、14.0Hz)、7.20-7.89(m、20H)
冷却管、及び、凝縮液を分液させて有機層を反応容器に戻し水層を系外に排出するためのデカンターを取り付けた1000ml反応容器に、ジ-μ-クロロビス(1,5-シクロオクタジエン)二イリジウム(I)[Ir(cod)Cl]2(839mg、1.25mmol)、軽灰炭酸ナトリウム(12.7g、0.12mol)、9,9’-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)フルオレン(186g、0.5mol)、プロピオン酸ビニル(125g、1.25mol)、及びトルエン(300ml)を仕込んだ後、表面積が10cm2の撹拌羽根を用い回転数を250rpmに設定し、撹拌しながら徐々に温度を上げて還流させた。還流下、副生する水をデカンターで除去しながら、5時間反応させた。反応液をガスクロマトグラフィーにより分析したところ、9,9’-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)フルオレンの転化率は100%であり、9,9’-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)フルオレンを基準として、9,9’-ビス(4-ビニロキシフェニル)フルオレン(化合物3)が72%、ビス4-フェノールフルオレンモノビニルエーテルが9%の収率で生成していた。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):4.47(dd、2H)、4.81(dd、2H)、6.71(dd、2H)、7.12-7.82(m、16H)
[合成例4]
5L反応器に6,6’-(9-フルオレニリデン)-ビス(2-ナフチルオキシエタノール)(598g,1.11mol)、ピリジン(87.8g,1.11mol)、ジプロピレングリコールジメチルエーテル(1670mL)を加え、窒素置換した後に、60℃まで昇温した。塩化チオニル(395.9g,3.33mol)を3時間かけて滴下し、2時間熟成した。30℃まで冷却後、水を加えて反応を停止し、15~20℃の範囲でメタノールを滴下することによって、収率96%で、目的とする水酸基が塩素に置換された化合物(下記式で表される化合物。以下、化合物4ともいう。)を得た。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):3.85(t、4H、J=6.0Hz)、4.31(t、4H、J=6.0Hz)、7.08-7.82(m、20H)
化合物4(560g、0.97mol)、テトラヒドロフラン(1260mL)を仕込んだ5L反応器に、カリウム-t-ブトキシド(327.5g,2.92mol)のテトラヒドロフラン(1260mL)溶液を20℃~40℃の範囲で滴下した。60℃で2時間熟成後、水を加えて反応を停止した。有機層を分液後、化合物4の仕込み量の2重量倍になるようにエバポレーターで濃縮後、メタノールに滴下することで、収率77%で、9,9’-ビス(6-ビニルオキシ-2-ナフチル)フルオレン(下記式で表される化合物、即ち、化合物1)を白色又は灰白色固体として得た。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):4.48(dd、2H、J=1.5Hz、6.5Hz)、4.81(dd、2H、J=1.5Hz、13.5Hz)、6.73(dd、2H、J=6.5Hz、13.5Hz)、7.13-7.83(m、20H)
25mL反応器にエチレングリコール(1.00g、0.0161mol)、トリエチルアミン(3.42g0.0338mol)、テトラヒドロフラン(3.38mL)を加え、窒素置換した後に、0℃まで冷却した。メタンスルホニルクロライド(3.88g,0.0338mol)を2時間かけて滴下し、1時間熟成後、水を加えて反応を停止した。ここに酢酸エチルを添加し、有機層を分離し、エバポレーターで溶媒を留去することによって、収率80%で、エチレングリコールにメタンスルホニル基が付加した化合物(下記式で表される化合物。以下、「EG-DMs」ともいう。)を得た。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):3.10(s、6H)、4.47(s、4H)
25mL反応器に6,6-(9-フルオレニリデン)-2,2-ジナフトール(下記左側の式で表される化合物。1.00g、0.0022mol。以下、化合物5ともいう。)、炭酸カリウム(0.64g,0.0047mol)、テトラヒドロフラン(3.38mL)を加え、窒素置換した。ここに、合成例6で合成したEG-DMs(1.02g,0.0047mol)のテトラヒドロフラン(1.12mL)溶液を室温で添加後、60℃まで昇温し、15時間熟成した。反応液をHPLCで分析した結果、化合物5の転化率99%、選択率65%で化合物6(下記右側の式で表される化合物)が合成されたことを確認した。
(化合物6)1H-NMR(CDCl3):3.08(s、6H)、4.32(t、4H、J=4.4Hz)、4.60(t、4H、J=4.4Hz)、7.05-7.83(m、20H)
化合物6(2.00g、0.00288mol),ジプロピレングリコールジメチルエーテル(2.25mL)を仕込んだ25mL反応器に、カリウム-t-ブトキシド(1.45g,0.0130mol)のテトラヒドロフラン(2.25mL)溶液を20℃~40℃の範囲で滴下し、100℃で2時間熟成した。反応液をHPLCで分析した結果、化合物6の転化率99%にて、選択率58%で化合物1が合成され、選択率32%でモノビニルモノメシル体(下記式で表される化合物。以下、化合物7ともいう。)が合成されたことを確認した。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):3.10(s、3H)、4.34(t、2H、J=3.6Hz)、4.49(dd、1H、J=1.2Hz、5.2Hz)、4.62(t、2H、J=3.6Hz)、4.81(dd、1H、J=1.2Hz、11.2Hz)、6.73(dd、1H、J=5.2Hz、11.2Hz)、7.06-7.83(m、20H)
50mL反応器に2-クロロエタノール(3.00g,0.048mol)、トリエチルアミン(5.87g,0.058mol)、テトラヒドロフラン(10.12mL)を加え、窒素置換した後に、0℃まで冷却した。メタンスルホニルクロライド(6.09g,0.053mol)を2時間かけて滴下し、1時間熟成後、水を加えて反応を停止した。酢酸エチルを添加し、有機層を分離し、エバポレーターで溶媒を留去することによって、収率80%で、2-クロロエタノールにメタンスルホニル基が付加した化合物(下記式で表される化合物。以下、「ClEMs」ともいう。)を得た。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):3.09(s、3H)、3.77(t、2H、J=5.5Hz)、4.45(t、2H、J=5.5Hz)
25mL反応器に化合物5(1.00g0.0022mol)、炭酸カリウム(0.64g,0.0047mol)、ジプロピレングリコールジメチルエーテル(2.23mL)を加え、窒素置換した。ClEMs(1.06g,0.0067mol)のジプロピレングリコールジメチルエーテル(1.12mL)溶液を室温で添加後、60℃まで昇温し、15時間熟成した。反応液をHPLCで分析した結果、化合物5の転化率17%にて、選択率4%で化合物4が合成され、選択率12%で化合物8(下記式で表される化合物)が合成されたことを確認した。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):3.86(t、2H、J=6.0Hz)、4.32(t、2H、J=6.0Hz)、7.09-7.82(m、20H)
化合物4(3.0g、0.0052mol),テトラヒドロフラン(6.8mL)を仕込んだ25mL反応器にカリウム-t-ブトキシド(0.58g,0.0052mol)のテトラヒドロフラン(6.8mL)溶液を20℃~40℃の範囲で滴下した。60℃で2時間熟成後、水を加えて反応を停止した。有機層をHPLCで分析した結果、化合物4の転化率57%にて、選択率25%で化合物1が合成され、選択率75%でモノビニルモノクロロ体(下記式で表される化合物。以下、化合物9ともいう。)が合成されたことを確認した。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):3.84(t、2H、J=6.0Hz)、4.30(t、2H、J=6.0Hz)、4.48(dd、1H、J=1.6Hz、6.0Hz)、4.81(dd、1H、J=1.6Hz、13.6Hz)、6.72(dd、1H、J=6.0Hz、13.6Hz)、7.08-7.82(m、20H)
200mL反応器に9,9’-ビス(4-(2-ヒドロキシエトキシ)フェニル)フルオレン(6.26g,0.0143mol)、ピリジン(2.82g,0.0357mol)、ジプロピレングリコールジメチルエーテル(33.4mL)、テトラヒドロフラン(33.7mL)を加え、窒素置換した後に、60℃まで昇温した。塩化チオニル(6.79g,0.0571mol)を2時間かけて滴下し、2時間熟成した。30℃まで冷却後、水を加えて反応を停止し、15~20℃の範囲でメタノールを滴下することによって、収率95%で、目的とする水酸基が塩素に置換された化合物(下記式で表される化合物。以下、化合物10ともいう。)を得た。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):3.75(t、4H、J=6.0Hz)、4.14(t、4H、J=6.0Hz)、6.73-7.75(m、16H)
化合物10(5.0g、0.0105mol)、テトラヒドロフラン(11.5mL)を仕込んだ100mL反応器に、カリウム-t-ブトキシド(3.53g,0.0315mol)のテトラヒドロフラン(13.6mL)溶液を20℃~40℃の範囲で滴下した。60℃で2時間熟成後、水を加えて反応を停止した。有機層を分液後、化合物10の仕込み量の2重量倍になるようにエバポレーターで濃縮後、メタノールに滴下することで、収率79%で、9,9’-ビス(4-ビニロキシフェニル)フルオレン(下記式で表される化合物、即ち、化合物3)を白色又は灰白色固体として得た。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):4.47(dd、2H)、4.81(dd、2H)、6.71(dd、2H)、7.12-7.82(m、16H)
[合成例14]
50mL反応器に化合物5(3.00g,0.00666mol)、トリエチルアミン(1.48g,0.0146mol)、フェノチアジン(9.00mg、0.0000452mol)、テトラヒドロフラン(16.9mL)を加え、窒素置換した後に、0℃まで冷却した。アクリロイルクロリド(1.51g,0.0166mol)を1時間かけて滴下し、2時間熟成した。水を加えて反応を停止し、有機層を分液した。エバポレーターで溶媒を留去後、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーで精製することによって、収率63%で、目的とするジアクリル体(下記式で表される化合物。以下、化合物11ともいう。)を白色固体として得た。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):6.03(dd、2H、J=1.5Hz、10.0Hz)、6.36(dd、2H、J=10.0Hz、17.5Hz)、6.63(dd、2H、J=1.5Hz、17.5Hz)、7.19-7.84(m、20H)
50mL反応器に化合物5(3.00g,0.00666mol)、トリエチルアミン(1.48g,0.0146mol)、フェノチアジン(9.00mg、0.0000452mol)、テトラヒドロフラン(16.9mL)を加え、窒素置換した後に、0℃まで冷却した。メタクリロイルクロリド(1.74g,0.0166mol)を1時間かけて滴下した後、徐々に40℃まで昇温し、2時間熟成した。水を加えて反応を停止し、有機層を分液した。エバポレーターで溶媒を留去後、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーで精製することによって、収率73%で、目的とするジメタクリル体(下記式で表される化合物。以下、化合物12ともいう。)を白色固体として得た。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):2.08(s、6H)、5.77(s、2H)、6.38(s、2H)、7.18-7.84(m、20H)
合成例5で得られた化合物1をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製した。220nmの紫外線を用いたHPLCにより、精製前の化合物1及び精製後の化合物1の純度(化合物1及び不純物の合計に占める化合物1の割合)を測定した。また、ICP-MS(誘導結合プラズマ質量分析)により、精製前の化合物1及び精製後の化合物1中の金属成分の含有量を測定した。結果を表1に示す。
精製前の化合物1及び精製後の化合物1の各々をテトラヒドロフランに溶解して10質量%溶液を調製し、-30℃に冷却した後、この溶液に触媒量の三フッ化ホウ素を添加して反応液を調製した。-30℃から2℃/分の割合で、この反応液を昇温し、赤外分光法によりビニル基の減少開始温度をモニタリングすることで、化合物1同士の反応開始温度を測定し、下記の基準で評価した。また、目視にて反応系の着色の有無を確認した。結果を表1に示す。
反応開始温度の評価基準
S:反応開始温度が0℃以下であった。
A:0℃超20℃以下であった。
B:20℃超であった。
[融点の測定]
上記精製後の化合物1を用いて、窒素雰囲気下で、示差熱/熱重量測定装置(TG/DTA-6200、セイコーインスツル株式会社製)による測定を行い、TG曲線及びDTA曲線を得た。得られたDTA曲線から、化合物1の融点を求めた。その結果、化合物1の融点の測定値は150℃であった。
上記精製後の化合物1(白色粉末)を、単独で(即ち、溶剤との非共存下で)、150℃(即ち、化合物1の融点以上の温度)に加熱して溶融させた。溶融した化合物1を、ガラス基板上に、スピンコーターを用いて塗布した後、化合物1の融点よりも低い温度まで冷却して、透明膜1(厚さ2.0μm)を得た。
一方、上記精製後の化合物1(白色粉末)を、シクロヘキサノンに溶解し、10質量%濃度の溶液を調製した。この溶液を、ガラス基板上に、スピンコーターを用いて塗布し、100℃(即ち、化合物1の融点未満の温度)で120秒間ベークを行い、透明膜2(厚さ2.0μm)を得た。
なお、全ての操作を窒素雰囲気下で行った。
得られた透明膜1及び2について、カラーアナライザー(大塚電子(株)製MCPD2000)を用い、C光源、2度視野にて、CIE表色系における色度座標値(x、y)を測定した。
また、上記透明膜1又は2が形成されたガラス基板を2枚の偏向板で挟み、背面側から蛍光灯(波長範囲380~780nm)で照射しつつ前面側の偏向板を回転させ、輝度計LS-100(ミノルタ(株)製)により透過する光強度の最大値と最小値を測定した。そして、最大値を最小値で除した値をコントラスト比とした。測定結果より、色度座標値x=0.650でのコントラスト比を求めた。また、上記ガラス基板についても、同様にコントラスト比を求めた。結果を表2に示す。
実施例1(透明膜1)及び比較例1(透明膜2)について、それぞれX線回折分析(「装置名SmartLab」(リガク社製)、CuKα線、入射角0.5°固定、2θスキャン)を行った。その結果、実施例1では、図1に示すように、2θ=15.5°~18.4°において特有な回折ピークを示さないことが観察された。これに対し、比較例1では、図2に示すように、15.5°~18.4°において特有なピークを示し、具体的には、15.5°~17°及び17°~18.4°においてそれぞれ特有なピークを示し、2θ=16.6°、17.76°にピーク強度0.05以上(それぞれ0.07及び0.11)となるピークの頂点が観察された。このことから、実施例1(透明膜1)では、非晶質体であり、比較例1(透明膜2)は結晶質を含むことがわかった。なお、図示しないが、化合物1(白色粉末)について別途測定したX線回折分析から、結晶体は2θ=16.6°及び17.76°に透明膜2よりも強い強度のピークを示すことが確認された(それぞれ0.72及び0.92)。このことから、透明膜2は非結晶質と結晶質との集合体として形成されていると推測される。ここで、図中、回折角度2θ=33°及び56°付近に出る最も高いピークは、透明膜が成膜されたシリコン基板由来のピークである。本評価におけるピーク強度は、2θ=6.02°のピーク強度を1に規格化した場合の強度比となる。
Claims (10)
- 下記一般式(1)で表されるビニル基含有化合物を前記化合物の融点以上の温度での加熱に付することを含む、透明体の製造方法。
- 下記一般式(10)で表されるモノビニル基及びモノ(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ基含有化合物を前記化合物の融点以上の温度での加熱に付することを含む、透明体の製造方法。
- 下記一般式(19)で表される(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ基含有化合物を前記化合物の融点以上の温度での加熱に付することを含む、透明体の製造方法。
- 前記加熱が酸素非存在下で行われる請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記環Zがベンゼン環又はナフタレン環である請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記R1が単結合である請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法で得られる透明体。
- 下記一般式(1)で表されるビニル基含有化合物を含む非晶質体。
- CuKαスペクトルを用いたX線回折測定において、回折角度(2θ)15.5°~18.4°に回折ピークを有さない、請求項8に記載の非晶質体。
- 示差走査熱量測定において、100℃~200℃に吸熱ピークの頂点を有さない、請求項8または9に記載の非晶質体。
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