WO2016039229A1 - 抗真菌ペプチドとテルペンアルコールとを含有する抗真菌組成物 - Google Patents
抗真菌ペプチドとテルペンアルコールとを含有する抗真菌組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016039229A1 WO2016039229A1 PCT/JP2015/074885 JP2015074885W WO2016039229A1 WO 2016039229 A1 WO2016039229 A1 WO 2016039229A1 JP 2015074885 W JP2015074885 W JP 2015074885W WO 2016039229 A1 WO2016039229 A1 WO 2016039229A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
- A23L3/3454—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
- A23L3/3463—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
- A23L3/3526—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
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- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/17—Amino acids, peptides or proteins
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- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
- A23L3/3454—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
- A23L3/3463—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
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- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
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- A23L3/3463—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
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- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
- A23L3/3454—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
- A23L3/3463—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
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- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
- A23L3/3454—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
- A23L3/3463—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
- A23L3/3481—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- A23L3/3508—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing carboxyl groups
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/17—Amino acids, peptides or proteins
- A23L33/18—Peptides; Protein hydrolysates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/045—Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/12—Ketones
- A61K31/122—Ketones having the oxygen directly attached to a ring, e.g. quinones, vitamin K1, anthralin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
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- A61K38/01—Hydrolysed proteins; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/01—Hydrolysed proteins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/012—Hydrolysed proteins; Derivatives thereof from animals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/1703—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- A61K38/1706—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
- A61K8/34—Alcohols
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/64—Proteins; Peptides; Derivatives or degradation products thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q17/00—Barrier preparations; Preparations brought into direct contact with the skin for affording protection against external influences, e.g. sunlight, X-rays or other harmful rays, corrosive materials, bacteria or insect stings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K1/00—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composition having antifungal activity comprising a combination of a protamine hydrolyzate and terpene alcohol.
- This antifungal active composition can be widely used for functional foods, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, quasi drugs, and the like for preventing or treating fungal infections.
- Yeast and filamentous fungi are eukaryotes and are called fungi for bacteria that are prokaryotes. Some of these fungi are pathogenic to humans and cause fungal infections. Among fungi, fungi belonging to the genus Candida are widely grown in the human gastrointestinal tract and usually do not show pathogenicity, but are known to cause various infectious diseases with a decrease in host defense ability. In particular, oral cavity and pharynx and esophageal candidiasis are common diseases due to decreased salivary secretion, diabetes, long-term administration of antibiotics and immunosuppressants, decreased oral hygiene management, and the like.
- antifungal agents used for the treatment of mycosis as antifungal agents for internal use include polyene-based amphotericin B, fluoropyridine-based flucytosine, imidazole-based (azole-based) miconazole and triazole-based (azole-based). Fluconazole, azole-type itraconazole, etc. are used clinically.
- the types and drug susceptibility of these antifungal agents vary depending on the antifungal agent, but the types of these pathogenic fungi are, for example, Candida, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus, Typical examples include the genus Phyton, the genus Malassezia, and the genus Kokidioides.
- Non-patent Document 1 Non-patent Document 1
- protamine is a basic protein having antibacterial activity obtained from fish testis (shirako) and is a food preservative derived from natural products (Patent Document 1).
- Shirako which is a raw material for protamine, has been eaten for a long time, such as being eaten as an ingredient for pots, and acute toxicity tests for mice and subchronic toxicity tests for rats have been conducted (Non-patent Document 2). Since its safety has been confirmed, protamine is an antibacterial agent that is excellent in safety (Non-patent Document 3).
- Protamine exhibits a particularly strong antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus and lactic acid bacteria among non-microorganisms (Non-Patent Document 4), and is known to have a very weak antifungal activity against yeast and filamentous fungi ( Non-patent document 5).
- Patent Document 1 Ile Arg Arg Arg Arg Pro A peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 represented by Arg Arg or a salt thereof.
- Non-patent Document 6 peptides containing a specific amino acid sequence obtained by hydrolyzing protamine showed a high antibacterial activity in vitro, but a tendency to decrease the activity in vivo, especially under high salt concentration. Therefore, a method for synthesizing and cyclizing peptides in order to increase the antibacterial activity in vivo has been reported (Non-patent Document 6).
- terpene alcohol here refers to monoterpene alcohol having 10 carbon atoms in one molecule and 15 sesquiterpene alcohols.
- palmarosa oil and its main component geraniol are known to significantly increase the blood levels of the antifungal agent terbinafine administered to the skin, and lavender oil and its main component linalool, patchouli oil and its main component It is known that the component patchouli alcohol, chromodi oil and its accessory component nerolidol have the same effect although there are some differences (Patent Document 2).
- Treatments utilizing peptides and essential oil components obtained by hydrolyzing protamine have the advantage of low risk of side effects and the emergence of resistant bacteria. However, these naturally occurring components are not chemically synthesized.
- the antifungal activity may be lower than the antifungal agent containing a peptide compound as an active ingredient. In such a case, it is necessary to further enhance the antifungal activity.
- cyclization of a peptide to ensure activity under high salt concentration in a living body is costly to synthesize the cyclized peptide. This method was not suitable for industrialization of antifungal agents.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a composition having an antifungal activity, which has a protamine hydrolyzate as an active ingredient, which has a further enhanced antifungal activity and is suitable for industrialization with reduced costs. .
- the composition (antifungal composition) having antifungal activity according to the present invention is characterized by containing a protamine hydrolyzate and terpene alcohol as active ingredients.
- the present invention further includes the following aspects. (1) An antifungal agent comprising the above antifungal composition. (2) A food containing the above antifungal composition. (3) A pharmaceutical or quasi drug containing the antifungal composition described above. (4) Cosmetics containing the above antifungal composition. (5) A method of using the above antifungal composition as an active ingredient for obtaining antifungal activity in the production of food or cosmetics. (6) A method of using the above antifungal composition as an active ingredient for obtaining antifungal activity in the manufacture of a pharmaceutical product or quasi drug.
- the antifungal activity is remarkably enhanced by the synergistic effect of protamine hydrolyzate obtained by hydrolysis of protamine and terpene alcohol, and there is no problem of appearance of resistant bacteria and side effects, and it is extremely safe.
- a composition having highly antifungal activity can be provided.
- Antifungal compositions include oral care materials with antifungal effects (such as mouthwashes, dentifrices, denture cleansing agents), pressure ulcers, pharmaceuticals against fungal infections including vaginal candidiasis and esophageal candidiasis (antifungal agents) , Quasi drugs (gargles, mouth washes, medicated toothpastes, etc.), cosmetics (ointments, solutions, suspensions, emulsions, aerosols, foams, granules, powders, tablets, capsules, etc.) Conceivable. Oral candidiasis is a symptom that develops particularly in elderly people and dry mouse patients, and there is a great need for an aging society in the future.
- candidiasis In addition to oral candidiasis, it can be effectively applied to pressure ulcers, candidiasis such as vaginal candidiasis and esophageal candidiasis, malassezia, and other fungal infections such as cryptococcosis. It can improve the condition, treat it, and prevent infection.
- Protamine is included in the list of existing food preservatives, so it can be used not only as a pharmaceutical or quasi-drug, but also as a functional food such as a mouthwash, health food, or food for specified health use. It is also possible, and there is an advantage that it is easy to obtain and use for patients.
- the present inventors have significantly enhanced antifungal activity by using a protamine hydrolyzate obtained by hydrolyzing protamine and terpene alcohol.
- the enhancing effect is a synergistic effect that exceeds the additive effect of simple combination, and has led to the present invention.
- the definition of the synergistic effect when an antibacterial substance is used in combination with a microorganism refers to a case where the effect is significantly greater than the sum of the individual effects of the two agents.
- an FIC coefficient fractional inhibitory concentration index obtained from the MIC values of the two agents. The FIC coefficient can be obtained by the following equation (1).
- FIC coefficient A1 / A0 + B1 / B0 (1)
- A0 MIC of A agent alone
- A1 MIC of agent A when combined with agent A and agent B
- B0 MIC of B agent alone
- B1 MIC of B agent when combined with A and B agents
- the present inventors have demonstrated that the synergistic effect of enhancing antifungal activity by the combined use of protamine hydrolyzate and terpene alcohol is not only in the conventional in vitro evaluation system, but also in the biological model using oral candidiasis model mice.
- the present invention was completed by discovering that it can be demonstrated. That is, when oral candidiasis develops in a mouse, by utilizing the phenomenon that white moss (candida mycelia) is observed on the tongue, oral administration of a protamine hydrolyzate and terpene alcohol in combination is performed. It was found that the formation of white moss on the skin was significantly suppressed and the antifungal activity was synergistically enhanced.
- the present inventors have confirmed that protamine hydrolyzate has antibacterial activity against fungi of the genus Malassezia.
- protamine hydrolyzate and hinokitiol were evaluated in a biological model using an oral candidiasis model mouse, a significant improvement in tongue score due to a synergistic effect was observed, and synergy was observed even under high salt concentrations in vivo. It was confirmed that the activity was maintained. From the above, the combined use of protamine hydrolyzate and terpene alcohol enhances the antifungal activity even at a dose that is comparable or much lower than the amount used when using conventional peptide compositions and essential oils. As a result, the inventors of the present invention considered that there was an inventive step over the prior art in terms of practical use, and reached the present invention.
- Protamine as a raw material for protamine hydrolyzate is a strongly basic protein that exists as nucleoprotamine bound to deoxyribonucleic acid in the sperm nucleus of fish such as salmon, herring, trout, etc. , Kurpain (herring), etc., each of which has a slightly different structure, but any protamine can be used.
- the target size is obtained by neutralizing after heat treatment under the condition that a peptide of the desired size (length) is obtained under strong acid or strong alkali.
- a (length) peptide can be obtained.
- Deionized water is added to protamine, and sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid is added to adjust the pH to a pH at which enzyme activity can be obtained, preferably an optimum pH.
- the enzyme is added and the enzyme reaction is carried out with stirring. After completion of the reaction, warm the reaction solution to 80-100 ° C and inactivate it by heating for 5-60 minutes to adjust the pH to neutral, and then freeze-dry the reaction solution to obtain a protamine hydrolyzate Can do.
- the hydrolase reaction is preferably carried out until an arginine-rich peptide consisting of about 5 to 14 amino acid residues is obtained, and is stopped by heat deactivation of the enzyme.
- Each component contained in the protamine hydrolyzate obtained as described above can be used as an active ingredient of the antifungal composition.
- the protamine hydrolyzate can be used in the following forms.
- Reaction solution adjusted to pH after inactivation of the above enzyme (2) Lyophilized product of the above reaction solution (3) Preparation obtained by removing enzyme protein from the above reaction solution or lyophilized product (4 ) A preparation obtained by converting the peptide in the above reaction solution, lyophilized product or preparation into a desired salt form.
- proteolytic enzyme examples include the genus Bacillus (for example, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thermoproteolyticus), Bacillus licheniformis ( Enzymes produced by Bacillus licheniformis, etc., enzymes produced by the genus Aspergillus (for example, Aspergillus zaoryzae, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus melleus, etc.) Examples include enzymes produced by genera (for example, Rhizopus niveus, Rhizopus delemar, etc.), pepsin, pancreatin, papain, etc. These enzymes may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Bacillus subtilis for example, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thermoproteolyticus
- Bacillus licheniformis Enzymes produced by Bacillus licheniformis, etc.
- enzymes produced by the genus Aspergillus for example, Aspergillus zaoryzae, Aspergill
- proteolytic enzymes are It is classified into endopeptidase that specifically recognizes and cleaves the sequence, and exopeptidase that cleaves 1 to 2 amino acid residues from the end, so that depending on the combination of endopeptidase and exopeptidase, It is possible to generate various peptide chains.
- endopeptidase specifically recognizes and cleaves the sequence
- exopeptidase that cleaves 1 to 2 amino acid residues from the end, so that depending on the combination of endopeptidase and exopeptidase, It is possible to generate various peptide chains.
- hydrolyzing with an enzyme 0.001 to 10% by mass of the enzyme is added to the substrate, and the solution is hydrolyzed as the optimum pH of the enzyme to be used. To do.
- the peptide contained in the protamine hydrolyzate can be used as an active ingredient of an antifungal agent as necessary in the form of a salt with an inorganic acid or an organic acid or a salt with an inorganic base or an organic base.
- the acid or base can be selected according to the use of the salt, but the following pharmaceutically acceptable salts are preferable in consideration of the use for foods, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and the like.
- the acid addition salt include hydrochloride, nitrate, sulfate, methanesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, and dicarboxylic acid such as oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, or fumaric acid.
- salts with monocarboxylic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid or butyric acid.
- Inorganic bases suitable for forming a salt of the peptide compound obtained in the present invention are, for example, hydroxides such as ammonia, sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium and aluminum, carbonates and bicarbonates.
- Examples of salts with organic bases include mono-, di- and tri- alkylamine salts such as methylamine, dimethylamine and triethylamine, mono-, di- and tri- hydroxyalkylamine salts, guanidine salts, N- Examples thereof include methyl glucosamine salt.
- a protamine hydrolyzate obtained by converting the peptide component into a salt form is also included in the protamine hydrolyzate according to the present invention.
- the composition having antifungal activity according to the present invention contains, as active ingredients of antifungal activity, protamine hydrolyzate and terpene alcohol, and the active ingredient of antifungal activity is protamine hydrolyzate. And terpene alcohol.
- Examples of peptides having antifungal activity obtained by protamine hydrolysis treatment include peptides classified into the following (1) to (6).
- the protamine hydrolyzate combined with terpene alcohol preferably contains at least one peptide compound selected from the group consisting of the following (1) to (6) (that is, a peptide or a salt thereof).
- Ile Arg Arg Arg Arg Pro A peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 represented by Arg Arg and a salt thereof.
- a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 represented by Val Ser Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Gly Gly Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg and a salt thereof.
- the deletion sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 is Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Gly Gly Arg Arg Arg Arg (SEQ ID NO: 4), Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Gly Arg Arg Arg Arg (SEQ ID NO: 5), Or the peptide which consists of an amino acid sequence shown by Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Gly Gly Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg (sequence number: 6), or its salt.
- the protamine hydrolyzate is more preferably one containing at least one peptide compound selected from the group consisting of (1) to (3) above, and at least one selected from the group consisting of (1) above.
- a protamine hydrolyzate comprising at least one peptide compound selected from the group consisting of (2) above and at least one peptide compound selected from the group consisting of (3) above More preferably.
- two or more kinds of protamine hydrolysates having antifungal activity having different compositions can be used in combination.
- the terpene alcohol used in the present invention is preferably monoterpene alcohol having 10 carbon atoms or 15 sesquiterpene alcohol in one molecule.
- essential oils and essential oil components that have antifungal activity, but all have reported side effects and have safety issues.
- cinnamon bark oil and its component cinnamaldehyde, lemongrass oil and its component citral, thyme oil and its component thymol, oregano oil and its component carvacrol are all highly skin irritating.
- rosemary oil and its component camphor, spearmint oil and its component carvone have antifungal activity, but all have been reported to stimulate the central nervous system.
- terpene alcohols such as geraniol, linalool and nerolidol have no side effects to be particularly noted and are highly safe.
- antifungal activity is also high as above-mentioned, it is the most suitable in combined use with a protamine hydrolyzate.
- the plant essential oil and its components used in the present invention are as follows. Cypress oil and its main component hinokitiol, tea tree oil and its main component terpinen-4-ol, palmarosa oil and its main component geraniol, peppermint oil and its main component menthol and its derivatives, lavender oil and its The main ingredients linalool, patchouli oil and its main ingredients patchouli alcohol, chromodi oil and its accessory ingredient nerolidol.
- menthol derivatives include menthyl lactate, menthoxypropanediol, menthylhydroxybutyrate, menthoxyfuran, menthylglucoside, and the like.
- Plant essential oils such as rosewood oil, rose geranium oil, lemon eucalyptus oil, peppermint oil, and neroli oil can also be used in anticipation of the same effect.
- the monoterpene alcohol it is preferable to use at least one selected from the group consisting of hinokitiol, geraniol, terpinen-4-ol, menthol, menthol derivatives, and linalool. More preferably, the monoterpene alcohol is hinokitiol, geraniol, terpinen-4-ol, menthol, menthol derivative or linalool.
- the sesquiterpene alcohol is preferably patchouli alcohol and / or nerolidol.
- the antifungal composition according to the present invention can be obtained, for example, by directly dissolving or suspending a raw material of protamine hydrolyzate (for example, a dry frozen product) in an essential oil or an essential oil component.
- a raw material of protamine hydrolyzate for example, a dry frozen product
- an application agent such as an ointment or gel, or an external preparation such as a spray product is easy to use.
- the antifungal composition concerning this invention can contain at least 1 sort (s), such as an excipient
- the essential oil or essential oil component can be prepared as a completely transparent liquid by using an appropriate solvent such as ethanol or propylene glycol.
- aqueous gel such as gel nature or an essential oil dispersant such as a sorbizer.
- carrier oils include vegetable oils such as furnace oil, jojoba oil, sweet almond oil, neem oil, and St. John's wort oil. The same effect can be expected by adding an antifungal composition to hot water and applying a foot bath.
- the antifungal composition comprising both the protamine hydrolyzate according to the present invention and terpene alcohol as active ingredients has high antifungal activity against at least one fungus, and is particularly causative for fungal infections.
- the fungi of the genus Candida and Malassezia are preferred as targets, and in addition, for example, the genus Cryptococcus, the genus Aspergillus, the genus Trichophyton, the cockioides (Coccidioides) genus and the like can also be targeted.
- the antifungal activity according to the present invention can be confirmed by a conventional method, for example, based on the methods listed in the examples described later.
- Proteamine hydrolyzate is preferably used as the main component of the fungal disease preventive agent because it is considered that drug-resistant bacteria are unlikely to appear for peptide compounds.
- Protamine hydrolysates and terpene alcohols have been confirmed to be safe and are suitable as active ingredients for antifungal compositions.
- the antifungal composition according to the present invention can have effects such as prevention, alleviation or treatment of fungal infections by containing it in foods, pharmaceuticals, quasi drugs and cosmetics as an active ingredient of the antifungal agent. I can do it.
- the antifungal composition of the present invention can be used as an active ingredient of a composition for preventing and / or treating fungal infections.
- the antifungal composition of the present invention is a method for preventing and / or treating a fungal infection comprising administering an effective amount of the antifungal composition according to the present invention to a subject for the prevention and / or treatment of a fungal infection. It can be used as an active ingredient.
- the antifungal composition there is no particular limitation regarding the form of the antifungal composition.
- typical forms of internal preparations or external preparations include ointments, solutions, suspensions, emulsions, aerosols, foams, granules, powders, tablets, capsules and sprays.
- physiological saline or an appropriate buffer solution for example, PBS
- PBS buffer solution
- the carrier contained in the antifungal agent varies depending on the form of the antifungal agent.
- the preparation process itself for preparing various forms of drugs (compositions) using protamine hydrolyzate and terpene alcohol (active ingredient) and various carriers (subcomponents) as materials is based on a conventionally known method. Such a preparation method itself does not characterize the present invention, and thus a detailed description thereof is omitted.
- a detailed information source on prescription for example, Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry, supervised by Corwin Hansch, published by Pergamon Press (1990) can be mentioned.
- the protamine hydrolyzate having antifungal activity as an active ingredient in the antifungal composition and the content of the terpene alcohol are selected from the range in which these synergistic effects intended in the present invention can be obtained depending on the use. can do.
- the compounding amounts of these active ingredients in pharmaceuticals, quasi-drugs, foods and cosmetics as functions to be given as antifungal agents can be selected from a range in which a synergistic effect can be obtained. .
- the antifungal composition provided by the present invention can be used in a method or dosage depending on its form and purpose.
- the antifungal composition provided by the present invention can be administered to a patient as a liquid agent by intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal or intraperitoneal injection, or irrigation.
- solid forms such as tablets can be administered orally.
- a relatively large amount of protamine hydrolyzate for example, 1 to 100 as the amount of peptide compound).
- the solution containing mg / ml) may be sprayed directly on the surface of the object, or the surface of the object may be wiped with gauze, cloth, or paper wet with the solution.
- These are merely examples, and the same forms and methods of use as conventional agricultural chemicals, quasi-drugs, etc. containing peptide antibiotics and peptides as constituents can be applied.
- prevention and treatment of microbial infections are of great concern for cancer and AIDS patients undergoing radiation therapy.
- the antifungal compositions disclosed herein may exhibit a high antifungal activity against fungi that cause infections (eg, Candida fungi). For this reason, the antifungal composition of this invention is useful as a main component of an antifungal agent.
- a means for preventing, alleviating or treating fungal infection it can be used as food, functional food, pharmaceuticals, quasi drugs, cosmetics, gum, granule confectionery, tablet confectionery, film, Spray, health food, food for specified health use, oral or dental hygiene device, addition to denture cleanser or denture stabilizer composition, mouthwash, mouth cleanser, medicated toothpaste, lotion, cream, powder, emulsion, spray And various forms such as a coating agent.
- fungal strains are publicly available from:
- stock for testing antimicrobial property is not limited to the strain shown below, The strain used generally can be utilized.
- Example 1 (Preparation of protamine hydrolyzate by enzymatic degradation of protamine)
- Deionized water 80 mL was added to 50 g of protamine (Proserve; manufactured by Maruha Nichiro Co., Ltd.) derived from white eggs of white salmon (Oncorhynchus keta), and adjusted to pH 8.0 by adding sodium hydroxide.
- protamine Proserve; manufactured by Maruha Nichiro Co., Ltd.
- pH 8.0 sodium hydroxide
- thermolysin manufactured by Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd., derived from Bacillus thermoproteolyticus
- the enzyme reaction was carried out with stirring for 2 hours.
- the reaction solution was heated to 95 ° C. and deactivated by heating for 30 minutes to adjust the pH to 8.5. Thereafter, the reaction solution was lyophilized to obtain a protamine hydrolyzate.
- Example 2 Fractionation of protamine hydrolyzate and analysis of active peptide
- the protamine hydrolyzate prepared according to Example 1 was prepared to a 50,000 ppm solution using deionized water, and each fraction was fractionated using HPLC under the following separation conditions.
- the anti-Candida activity of this fraction was evaluated using Candida albicans NBRC1594, and two active fractions were obtained. Furthermore, this active fraction was subjected to LCMS-IT-TOF analysis, and the structures of the following three peptides were determined.
- ⁇ Injection volume 10 ⁇ L -IT-TOFMS system: LCMS-IT-TOF manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation (ionization mode: ESI-, atomization gas flow rate: 1.5 L / min, Drying gas pressure 0.15Mpa, applied voltage 4.5kV, CDL temperature: 200 ° C , BH temperature: 200 ° C, measurement range MS: m / z 500-2,000).
- Example 3 In vitro screening for synergistic materials
- Strain Candida albicans TIMM1768 Test substances Hinokitiol (manufactured by Kiseitec), Terpinen-4-ol (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), Geraniol (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.), Menthol (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), Shinna Mdealdehyde (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and capric acid (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) are added to the RPMI medium so that the concentration in the test substance is 0.008, 0.04, 0.2, 1 mg / mL.
- the protamine hydrolyzate dissolved and prepared according to Example 1 was dissolved in the test substance so that the concentration of the protamine hydrolyzate was 0, 0.125, 2.0 mg / mL and used for the test.
- 0.002, 0.008, 0.031, 0.125, 0.5, 2, 8, 32 mg / mL solutions of protamine hydrolyzate alone were used for the test.
- Evaluation method 200 ⁇ L of C. albicans TIMM1768 strain was added to a 96-well microplate at 2.5 ⁇ 10 5 cells / well and cultured at 37 ° C. for 2.5 to 3.5 hours under 5% CO 2 . After the culture, the medium was removed by suction, and each test substance was added at 200 ⁇ L / well.
- FIG. 1 to FIG. 6 show the results of in vitro evaluation using a combination of protamine hydrolyzate and terpene alcohols
- FIG. 7 shows the results of in vitro evaluation using protamine hydrolyzate alone.
- ⁇ indicates the results of terpene alcohols alone, ⁇ indicates the combined use with protamine hydrolyzate 0.125 mg / ml, and ⁇ indicates the combined use with protamine hydrolyzate 2.0 mg / ml.
- Hinokitiol also showed antibacterial activity by itself, and it was considered that a synergistic effect of activity enhancement by combination with protamine hydrolyzate was observed.
- terpinen-4-ol, geraniol and menthol were low in activity alone, the activity was slightly enhanced by the combined use with protamine hydrolyzate, so it was considered that there was a synergistic effect.
- Cinnamaldehyde and capric acid alone showed almost no antibacterial activity, and no synergistic effect was observed when combined with protamine hydrolyzate.
- capric acid is known to exhibit strong antifungal activity
- the in vitro evaluation system of this time set the contact time between the drug and the bacterium to be as short as 10 minutes in order to simulate the in vivo, It was thought that capric acid could not exert a sufficient antifungal effect. From the above results, it was confirmed that the protamine hydrolyzate has a synergistic effect with terpene alcohols such as hinokitiol, terpinen-4-ol and geraniol among essential oils.
- Example 4 (Confirmation of effect in in vivo evaluation system) ⁇ Strain Candida albicans TIMM1768 -Laboratory animals ICR mice, female, 6 weeks old (Nippon Charles River Co., Ltd.) Test substance Protamine hydrolyzate prepared according to Example 1 Hinokitiol (manufactured by Kiseitec) ⁇ Group composition 6 negative controls (1% methylcellulose) 6 protamine hydrolysates 25 mg / mL (1% Tween 80) 6 hinokitiol 0.4 mg / mL (1% Tween 80) 6 hinokitiol 2 mg / mL (1% Tween 80) 6 protamine hydrolysates 25 mg / mL + hinokitiol 0.4 mg / mL (1% Tween 80) 6 animals Protamine hydrolysates 25 mg / mL + hinokitiol 2 mg / mL (1% Tween 80) 6 animals Evaluation method C The day before albicans infection,
- C. albicans To prevent infections other than C. albicans, tap water was allowed to contain 15 mg / mL of chlortetracycline hydrochloride and allowed to ingest freely. On the day of infection, 14.4 mg / kg chlorpromazine hydrochloride was injected intramuscularly, then C. albicans was diluted with FBS-RPMI liquid medium to 2 ⁇ 10 8 cells / mL, and the diluted bacterial solution was swabbed into the mouth of the mouse. It was applied with. 3, 24, and 27 hours after infection, 50 ⁇ L of each test substance was administered using an oral sonde. Mice were euthanized 48 hours after infection and scored for tongue symptoms.
- FIG. 8 shows the results of in vivo evaluation using a combination of protamine hydrolyzate and hinokitiol.
- the tongue score was significantly improved with the combination of protamine hydrolyzate 25 mg / mL and hinokitiol 2.0 mg / mL. Enhanced antifungal activity was observed.
- Protamine hydrolyzate is attached to the surface of cells at low concentrations, suggesting a mechanism of bacteriostatic action, while hinokitiol has been reported to inhibit membrane function and suppress respiration. Due to the difference in these mechanisms, it was considered that the combined use of protamine hydrolyzate and hinokitiol exhibited a synergistic effect and enhanced antibacterial activity, not just an additive effect.
- Example 5 (Detailed analysis on combined use with hinokitiol) ⁇ Strain Candida albicans TIMM1768 ⁇ Test substance Hinokitiol (manufactured by Kiseitec) is dissolved in RPMI medium so that the concentration in the test substance is 0, 0.004, 0.008, 0.016, 0.031, 0.063, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1 ⁇ g / mL, The protamine hydrolyzate prepared according to Example 1 was dissolved so that the concentration of protamine hydrolyzate in the test substance was 0, 0.156, 0.313, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 ⁇ g / mL and used for the test. did. Evaluation Method C.
- albicans TIMM1768 strain was diluted with RPMI medium so as to be 5.0 ⁇ 10 3 cells / mL, and then 100 ⁇ L was added to a 96-well microplate. After adding the protamine hydrolyzate solution by 50 ⁇ L / well, hinokitiol was added by 50 ⁇ L / well. After culturing at 37 ° C. under 5% CO 2 for 16 hours, the absorbance at 620 nm was measured by staining with crystal violet. The inhibitory activity was calculated from the relative value of each test group when the absorbance of the negative control (protamine hydrolyzate and hinokitiol not added) was 1.
- FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 show the results of in vitro evaluation using a combination of protamine hydrolyzate and hinokitiol. Table 1 shows the calculation results of FICindex.
- Example 6 In vitro evaluation of protamine hydrolyzate from other fish species Shirako ⁇ Strain Candida albicans TIMM1768 Test substance Protamine hydrolyzate derived from each fish species (caraft trout, herring) prepared according to Example 1, and bromelain hydrolyzate of salmon egg white protamine, the concentration of protamine hydrolyzate in the test substance is 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 , 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 ⁇ g / mL were dissolved in RPMI medium and used for the test. Evaluation Method C.
- FIG. 11 shows the results of in vitro evaluation of various protamine hydrolysates. All of the test substances showed the same activity as that of the protamine hydrolyzate derived from salmon eggplant. This result showed the versatility of the protamine degradation product.
- Example 7 (Confirmation of combined effect in in vivo evaluation system)
- Example 7 (Confirmation of combined effect in in vivo evaluation system)
- Tongue tissue sections were prepared from mice euthanized 48 hours after infection by a conventional method, stained, and photographed with an optical microscope to obtain a stained image.
- FIG. 12 shows the results of tongue tissue observation using a combination of protamine hydrolyzate and hinokitiol. Also in the tongue tissue image, hyphals remained in the mucosa on the tongue surface with the protamine degradation product alone, but suppression of the hyphae was clearly confirmed in the combination test group.
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Abstract
Description
(1)Ile Arg Arg Arg Arg Pro Arg Argで示される配列番号:1のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドまたはその塩。
(2)Ser Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Gly Gly Arg Arg Arg Argで示される配列番号:2のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドまたはその塩。
(3)Val Ser Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Gly Gly Arg Arg Arg Argで示される配列番号:3のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドまたはその塩。
本発明の目的は、抗真菌活性が更に増強されており、かつコストを抑えた産業化に好適である、プロタミン加水分解物を有効成分として含む抗真菌活性を有する組成物を提供することにある。
本発明には更に以下の各態様が含まれる。
(1)上記の抗真菌組成物を含む抗真菌剤。
(2)上記の抗真菌組成物を含む食品。
(3)上記の抗真菌組成物を含む医薬品または医薬部外品。
(4)上記の抗真菌組成物を含む化粧品。
(5)上記の抗真菌組成物を、抗真菌活性を得るための有効成分として食品又は化粧品の製造において使用する方法。
(6)上記の抗真菌組成物を、抗真菌活性を得るための有効成分として医薬品又は医薬部外品の製造において使用する方法。
FIC係数の求め方
FIC係数=A1/A0+B1/B0・・・・(1)
A0:A剤単独のMIC
A1:A剤、B剤併用時のA剤のMIC
B0:B剤単独のMIC
B1:A剤、B剤併用時のB剤のMIC
FIC係数による併用効果の評価
FIC≦0.5 :相乗効果
0.5<FIC≦1.0 :相加効果
1.0<FIC≦2.0 :不関
2.0<FIC :拮抗作用
プロタミン加水分解物の原料としてのプロタミンは、サケ、ニシン、マス等魚類の精子核中にデオキシリボ核酸と結合したヌクレオプロタミンとして存在する強塩基性蛋白質であり、原料の違いによって、例えばサルミン(サケ)、クルペイン(ニシン)等と称され、それぞれ若干構造は異なるが、何れのプロタミンも使用可能である。
酸またはアルカリでの加水分解においては、強酸あるいは強アルカリ下でプロタミンを目的とする大きさ(長さ)のペプチドが得られる条件下で加熱処理した後、中和することで目的とする大きさ(長さ)のペプチドを得ることができる。
プロタミンに脱イオン水を加え、水酸化ナトリウム又は塩酸を加えてpHを酵素活性が得られるpH、好ましくは至適pHに調整する。反応溶液を酵素活性が得られる温度、好ましくは酵素の至適温度に加温した後、酵素を添加して、攪拌しながら酵素反応を行う。反応終了後、反応液を80~100℃に加温して5~60分間加熱失活させpHを中性域となるように調整後、反応液を凍結乾燥し、プロタミン加水分解物を得ることができる。加水分解酵素反応は、5~14程度のアミノ酸残基からなるアルギニンリッチなペプチドが得られるまで行い、酵素の加熱失活により停止させることが好ましい。
上記のようにして得られるプロタミン加水分解物中に含まれる各成分を抗真菌用組成物の有効成分として利用することができる。従って、プロタミン加水分解物は、以下に挙げる形態での利用が可能である。
(1)上記の酵素加熱失活後にpH調整した反応液
(2)上記の反応液の凍結乾燥品
(3)上記の反応液または凍結乾燥品から酵素タンパクを除去して得られる調製物
(4)上記の反応液、凍結乾燥品または調製物中のペプチドを所望とする塩の形態に変換して得られる調製物。
プロタミンの加水分解処理により得られる抗真菌活性を有するペプチドとしては、以下の(1)~(6)に分類されるペプチドを挙げることができる。従って、テルペンアルコールと組み合わせるプロタミン加水分解物としては、以下の(1)~(6)からなる群から選択された少なくとも1種のペプチド化合物(すなわち、ペプチドまたはその塩)を含むものが好ましい。
(1)Ile Arg Arg Arg Arg Pro Arg Argで示される配列番号:1のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチド及びその塩。
(2)Ser Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Gly Gly Arg Arg Arg Argで示される配列番号:2のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチド及びその塩。
(3)Val Ser Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Gly Gly Arg Arg Arg Argで示される配列番号:3のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチド及びその塩。
(4)配列番号:1のアミノ酸配列において1から6個のアミノ酸が欠失したアミノ酸配列からなるペプチド又はその塩。
(5)配列番号:3のアミノ酸配列において1から4個のアミノ酸が欠失したアミノ酸配列からなるペプチド又はその塩。
(6)配列番号:3の欠失配列が、Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Gly Gly Arg Arg Arg Arg(配列番号:4)、Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Gly Gly Arg Arg Arg Arg(配列番号:5)、またはArg Arg Arg Arg Gly Gly Arg Arg Arg Arg(配列番号:6)で示されるアミノ酸配列からなるペプチド又はその塩。
また、プロタミン加水分解物としては、上記(1)~(3)からなる群から選択された少なくとも1種のペプチド化合物を含むものがより好ましく、上記(1)からなる群から選択された少なくとも1種のペプチド化合物と、上記(2)からなる群から選択された少なくとも1種のペプチド化合物と、上記(3)からなる群から選択された少なくとも1種のペプチド化合物を含むプロタミン加水分解物であることが、更に好ましい。
なお、異なる組成の抗真菌活性を有するプロタミン加水分解物の2種以上を混合して用いることもできる。
モノテルペンアルコールとしては、ヒノキチオール、ゲラニオール、テルピネン-4-オール、メントール、メントール誘導体及びリナロールからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を用いることが好ましい。モノテルペンアルコールは、ヒノキチオール、ゲラニオール、テルピネン-4-オール、メントール、メントール誘導体またはリナロールであることが更に好ましい。
セスキテルペンアルコールは、パチュリアルコール及び/またはネロリドールであることが好ましい。
精油または精油成分は、エタノールやプロピレングリコールのような適当な溶剤を用いることにより、完全に透明な液体として調製することができる。またジェルナチュレなどの水性ゲル剤やソルビライザーのような精油分散剤を使用して水に懸濁することも可能である。個人または家庭で使用する場合は、刺激性や経済性を考慮して精油または精油成分をキャリアーオイルに予め希釈して投与するのが実際的である。そのためのキャリアーオイルとして、ファーナス油、ホホバ油、スイートアーモンド油、ニーム油、セントジョンズワート油などの植物油があげられる。またお湯に抗真菌組成物を加えて足浴を施すことによっても同様の効果が期待される。
ペプチド化合物に対しては、薬剤耐性菌が出現し難いと考えられていることから、プロタミン加水分解物は、真菌症予防剤の主成分としてとして好適に用いられる。また、プロタミン加水分解物及びテルペンアルコールは、安全性が確認されているものであり、これらは、抗真菌組成物の有効成分として好適である。本発明にかかる抗真菌組成物は、抗真菌剤の有効成分として、食品、医薬品、医薬部外品、化粧品に含有させることで、真菌感染症の予防、緩和あるいは治療等の効果を得ることが出来る。更に、本発明の抗真菌組成物は、真菌感染症の予防及び/または治療用の組成物の有効成分として利用することができる。本発明の抗真菌組成物は、本発明にかかる抗真菌組成物の有効量を、真菌感染症の予防及び/または治療対象者に投与することを含む真菌感染症の予防及び/または治療方法における有効成分として利用することができる。
抗真菌組成物中の有効成分としての抗真菌活性を有するプロタミン加水分解物と、テルペンアルコールの含有量は、その用途に応じて、本発明において目的とするこれらの相乗効果が得られる範囲から選択することができる。更に、抗真菌剤として機能を付与する対象としての医薬品、医薬部外品、食品及び化粧品中でのこれらの有効成分の配合量も同様に相乗効果を得ることができる範囲から選択することができる。
以下の真菌株は以下の機関から公的に入手可能である。なお、抗菌性を試験するための真菌株は以下に示される株に限定されず、一般に用いられている菌株を利用することができる。
-Candida albicans NBRC1594
独立行政法人製品評価技術基盤機構 バイオテクノロジーセンター
(連絡先:生物資源利用促進課)
・住所:日本国 〒292-0818 千葉県木更津市かずさ鎌足2-5-8
(http://www.nite.go.jp/nbrc/cultures/)
-Candida albicans TIMM1768及びMalassezia fur fur TIMM10020
帝京大学 医真菌研究センター
住所:日本国 〒192-0395 東京都八王子市大塚359
(http://www.teikyo-u.ac.jp/timm/research/r01.html?page=research)
(プロタミンの酵素分解によるプロタミン加水分解物の調製)
シロサケ(オンコリンカス・ケタ(Oncorhynchus keta))の白子由来のプロタミン(プロザーブ;(株)マルハニチロ製)50 gに脱イオン水80mLを加え、水酸化ナトリウムを加えてpH8.0に調整した。65℃に加温した後、サーモライシン(ナカライテスク(株)製, バシラス・サーモプロテオティカス(Bacillus thermoproteolyticus )由来)1.5 mgを添加して、2時間攪拌しながら酵素反応を行った。反応終了後、反応液を95℃に加温して30分間加熱失活させpHを8.5に調整した。その後、反応液を凍結乾燥し、プロタミン加水分解物を得た。
(プロタミン加水分解物の活性画分の分取と活性ペプチドの解析)
実施例1に従って調製したプロタミン加水分解物を、脱イオン水を用いて50,000 ppm溶液に調製後、HPLCを用いて下記の分離条件で各画分を分取した。この画分の抗カンジダ活性をCandida albicans NBRC1594を用いて評価し、活性画分を2画分得た。さらに、この活性画分をLCMS-IT-TOF解析に供し、以下の3つのペプチドの構造を決定した。
(1)Ile Arg Arg Arg Arg Pro Arg Arg (8残基;分子量1164.7541)
(2)Ser Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Gly Gly Arg Arg Arg Arg (13残基;分子量1780.0966)
(3)Val Ser Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Gly Gly Arg Arg Arg Arg (14残基;分子量1879.1650)。
<HPLC分離条件>
・HPLCシステム:(株)島津製作所製 Prominenceシリーズ(システムコントローラー:CBM-20A、オートサンプラー:SIL-10AF、送液ポンプ:LC-8A×2台、カラムオーブン:CTO-20A、PDA検出器:SPD-M20A(測定波長190~400nm))
・流速:1.0 mL/ min
・移動相A:0.1%トリフルオロ酢酸
・移動相B:アセトニトリル
・カラム:Inertsil ODS-2 5μm 4.6mm×250mm(ジーエルサイエンス製)
・グラジエント:0~60分にかけてB液0容量%からB液15容量%へのリニアグラジエント。
・検出波長:214nm。
<LCMS-IT-TOF解析条件>
・HPLCシステム:(株)島津製作所製 Prominenceシリーズ(システムコントローラー:CBM-20A、オートサンプラー:SIL-20A、送液ポンプ:LC-20AB Binary pump、カラムオーブン:CTO-20A、PDA検出器:SPD-M20A(測定波長190~400nm))
・流速:0.2 mL/ min
・移動相A:0.1%ギ酸(関東化学製,LC-MS用)
・移動相B:アセトニトリル(関東化学製,LC-MS用)
・カラム:Atlantis HILIC Silica, 3μm Column (Waters製)
・グラジエント:0~30分にかけてB液60容量%からB液0容量%へのリニアグラジエント。
・注入量:10μL
・IT-TOFMSシステム:(株)島津製作所製 LCMS-IT-TOF(イオン化モード:ESI-、霧化ガス流量:1.5 L/min、Drying gas圧 0.15Mpa、印加電圧 4.5kV、CDL温度:200℃、BH温度:200℃、測定範囲 MS:m/z 500~2,000)。
(相乗効果素材のin vitroスクリーニング)
・菌株
Candida albicans TIMM1768
・試験物質
ヒノキチオール((有)キセイテック製)、テルピネン-4-オール(東京化成工業(株)製)、ゲラニオール(関東化学(株)製)、メントール(和光純薬工業(株)製)、シンナムアルデヒド(和光純薬工業(株)製)、カプリン酸(和光純薬工業(株)製)の各々を試験物質中の濃度が0.008, 0.04, 0.2, 1 mg/mLとなるようにRPMI培地に溶解し、実施例1に従って調製したプロタミン加水分解物を、試験物質中のプロタミン加水分解物の濃度が0, 0.125, 2.0 mg/mLとなるように溶解して試験に供した。また、プロタミン加水分解物単独の0.002, 0.008, 0.031, 0.125, 0.5, 2, 8, 32 mg/mL溶液を試験に供した。
・評価方法
C. albicans TIMM1768株を2.5×105cells/wellとなるように96 wellマイクロプレートに200μLずつ添加し、5% CO2下、37℃で2.5~3.5時間培養した。培養後、培地を吸引除去し、各試験物質を200μL/well添加した。37℃で10分間静置した後、サンプル溶液を吸引除去し、RPMI培地を200μL/well加えて、5% CO2下、37℃で2.5時間培養した。培養後、クリスタル・バイオレット染色して620 nmの吸光度を測定した。抗菌活性は、ブランクの吸光度を1としたときの各試験区の相対値で示した。
・結果
図1~6にプロタミン加水分解物とテルペンアルコール類との併用によるin vitro評価の結果を、図7にプロタミン加水分解物単独でのin vitro評価の結果を示す。図1~6において、◆はテルペンアルコール類単独、■はプロタミン加水分解物0.125mg/mlとの併用、▲はプロタミン加水分解物2.0mg/mlとの併用での結果をそれぞれ示す。
ヒノキチオールは単独でも抗菌活性を示し、プロタミン加水分解物との組み合せによる活性増強の相乗効果が認められたと考えられた。テルピネン-4-オールとゲラニオール、メントールは単独での活性は低かったものの、プロタミン加水分解物との併用により僅かに活性が増強したことから、相乗効果はあったものと考えられた。シンナムアルデヒド、カプリン酸は単独で殆ど抗菌活性を示しておらず、プロタミン加水分解物との併用による相乗効果も確認されなかった。尚、カプリン酸は強い抗真菌活性を示すことが知られているが、今回のin vitro評価系は生体内を模すために、薬剤と菌の接触時間を10分間と非常に短く設定したため、カプリン酸が十分な抗真菌作用を発揮できなかったと考えられた。
以上の結果から、プロタミン加水分解物は精油の中でもヒノキチオール、テルピネン-4-オール、ゲラニオールなどのテルペンアルコール類と相乗効果を示すことが確認された。
(in vivo評価系での効果確認)
・菌株
Candida albicans TIMM1768
・実験動物
ICRマウス、雌性、6週齢(日本チャールスリバー(株))
・試験物質
実施例1に従って調製したプロタミン加水分解物
ヒノキチオール((有)キセイテック製)
・群構成
陰性コントロール(1%メチルセルロース)6匹
プロタミン加水分解物 25 mg/mL(1% Tween 80)6匹
ヒノキチオール 0.4 mg/mL(1% Tween 80)6匹
ヒノキチオール 2 mg/mL(1% Tween 80)6匹
プロタミン加水分解物 25 mg/mL+ヒノキチオール 0.4 mg/mL(1% Tween 80)6匹
プロタミン加水分解物 25 mg/mL+ヒノキチオール 2 mg/mL(1% Tween 80)6匹
・評価方法
C. albicansの感染前日、免疫抑制剤(プレドニゾロン)を100 mg/kg皮下注射した。C. albicans以外の感染を防ぐため、水道水に塩酸クロルテトラサイクリンを15 mg/mL含有させ、自由摂取させた。感染当日、クロルプロマジン塩酸塩を14.4 mg/kg筋肉注射した後、C. albicansを2×108cells/mLとなるようにFBS-RPMI液体培地で希釈し、希釈した菌液をマウス口腔内に綿棒で塗布した。感染3, 24, 27時間後に、各試験物質を、経口ゾンデを用いて50μL投与した。感染48時間後、マウスを安楽死させ、舌症状のスコアリングを行った。尚、舌スコアは、目視で舌に全く白苔が確認されなければ0点、白苔が舌の20%以下の部分で確認されれば1点、21~90%で2点、91%以上で3点、91%以上で且つ層状に白苔が確認されれば4点とした。
・結果
図8にプロタミン加水分解物とヒノキチオールとの併用によるin vivo評価の結果を示す。舌スコアは、プロタミン加水分解物 25 mg/mLとヒノキチオール 2.0 mg/mLの組み合せで有意なスコアの改善が認められ、それぞれ単独で投与した場合と比較して著しく舌スコアが改善し、相乗効果による抗真菌活性の増強が認められた。プロタミン加水分解物は低濃度では菌体表面に付着して静菌作用を示す作用機序が示唆されており、一方のヒノキチオールは膜機能の阻害と呼吸の抑制作用が報告されていることから、これらのメカニズムの違いによって、プロタミン加水分解物とヒノキチオールとの併用が単なる相加効果ではなく、相乗効果を発揮して抗菌活性を増強していると考えられた。
(マラセチア菌での効果確認)
・菌株
Malassezia fur fur TIMM10020
・評価方法
MLNA培地で培養したMalassezia fur furを生理食塩水でマクファーランド1.0に調製し、その調整液100μL、オリーブオイル50μLをMLNA寒天平板に塗り広げた。シャーレ中央に抗生物質検定用ペーパーディスク厚手8mmに試験試料(プロタミン加水分解物を滅菌水で40 mg/mLに調製)50μLを垂らし、7日間32℃で培養した。
・結果
プロタミン加水分解物40 mg/mLを50μL垂らしたペーパーディスクの周りに、14mm×14mm(ペーパーディスクは8mm)の阻止円が見られた。コントロールの滅菌水には阻止円は見られなかったことから、プロタミン加水分解物がマラセチア菌に対する抗菌効果を有することが確認された。
(ヒノキチオールとの併用に関する詳細解析)
・菌株
Candida albicans TIMM1768
・試験物質
ヒノキチオール((有)キセイテック製)を、試験物質中の濃度が0, 0.004, 0.008, 0.016, 0.031, 0.063, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1μg/mLとなるようにRPMI培地に溶解し、実施例1に従って調製したプロタミン加水分解物を、試験物質中のプロタミン加水分解物の濃度が0、0.156, 0.313, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10μg/mLとなるように溶解して試験に供した。
・評価方法
C. albicans TIMM1768株を5.0×103 cells/mLとなるようにRPMI培地にて希釈後、96 wellマイクロプレートに100μLずつ添加した。プロタミン加水分解物溶液を50μL/wellずつ添加後、ヒノキチオールを50μL/wellずつ添加した。5% CO2下、37℃で16時間培養後、クリスタル・バイオレット染色して620 nmの吸光度を測定した。阻害活性は、陰性コントロール(プロタミン加水分解物及びヒノキチオール未添加)の吸光度を1としたときの各試験区の相対値から算出した。また、表1に示す各濃度のヒノキチオール((有)キセイテック製)及びプロタミン加水分解物「Pro」におけるFICindexも併せて算出した。
・結果
図9及び図10にプロタミン加水分解物とヒノキチオールとの併用によるin vitro評価の結果を示す。表1にFICindexの算出結果を示す。
以上の結果から、プロタミン加水分解物はヒノキチオールと相乗効果を示すことが確認された。
(他魚種白子由来プロタミン加水分解物のin vitro評価)
・菌株
Candida albicans TIMM1768
・試験物質
実施例1に従って調製した各魚種(カラフトマス、ニシン)由来プロタミン加水分解物、及びサケ白子由来プロタミンのブロメライン分解物を、試験物質中のプロタミン加水分解物の濃度が0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160μg/mLとなるようにRPMI培地に溶解して試験に供した。
・評価方法
C. albicans TIMM1768株を5.0×103 cells/mLとなるようにRPMI培地にて希釈後、96 wellマイクロプレートに100μLずつ添加した。プロタミン加水分解物溶液を50μL/wellずつ添加後、RPMI培地を50μL/wellずつ添加した。5% CO2下、37℃で16時間培養後、クリスタル・バイオレット染色して620 nmの吸光度を測定した。阻害活性は、陰性コントロール(プロタミン加水分解物未添加)の吸光度を1としたときの各試験区の相対値から算出した。
・結果
図11に各種プロタミン加水分解物のin vitro評価の結果を示す。
何れの試験物質もサケ白子由来プロタミン加水分解物と同等の活性を示した。この結果より、プロタミン分解物の魚種汎用性が示された。
(in vivo評価系での併用効果確認)
・菌株、実験動物、試験物質、群構成、評価方法
実施例4と同じ菌株、実験動物、試験物質、群構成及び評価方法を用いた。
感染48時間後に安楽死させたマウスから、常法により、舌組織切片を作製し、染色後、光学顕微鏡にて撮影して染色画像を得た。
・結果
図12にプロタミン加水分解物とヒノキチオールとの併用による舌組織観察の結果を示す。舌組織画像においても、プロタミン分解物単独では舌表面の粘膜内に菌糸が残存しているが、組み合わせ試験区において菌糸の抑制がはっきりと確認された。
Claims (11)
- プロタミン加水分解物と、テルペンアルコールとを有効成分として含む、抗真菌活性を有する組成物。
- 前記プロタミン加水分解物が、以下の配列番号:1~3のいずれかのアミノ酸配列からなるペプチド及びその塩からなるペプチド化合物の少なくとも1種を含む、請求項1に記載の抗真菌活性を有する組成物。
配列番号:1
Ile Arg Arg Arg Arg Pro Arg Arg
配列番号:2
Ser Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Gly Gly Arg Arg Arg Arg
配列番号:3
Val Ser Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Arg Gly Gly Arg Arg Arg Arg - 前記テルペンアルコールが、モノテルペンアルコールあるいはセスキテルペンアルコールから選択される少なくとも1種である請求項1または2に記載の抗真菌活性を有する組成物。
- 前記モノテルペンアルコールが、ヒノキチオールまたはゲラニオール、テルピネン-4-オール、メントール、メントール誘導体、リナロールである請求項3に記載の抗真菌活性を有する組成物。
- 前記セスキテルペンアルコールが、パチュリアルコールまたはネロリドールである請求項4に記載の抗真菌活性を有する組成物。
- 請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の抗真菌活性を有する組成物を含む抗真菌剤。
- 請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の抗真菌活性を有する組成物を含む食品。
- 請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の抗真菌活性を有する組成物を含む医薬品または医薬部外品。
- 請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の抗真菌活性を有する組成物を含む化粧品。
- 請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の抗真菌活性を有する組成物を、抗真菌活性を得るための有効成分として食品又は化粧品の製造において使用する方法。
- 請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の抗真菌活性を有する組成物を、抗真菌活性を得るための有効成分として医薬品又は医薬部外品の製造において使用する方法。
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- 2015-09-01 CN CN201580048862.4A patent/CN107073064A/zh active Pending
- 2015-09-01 JP JP2016547396A patent/JP6162341B2/ja active Active
- 2015-09-01 US US15/510,432 patent/US20170354177A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-09-01 DE DE112015004182.6T patent/DE112015004182T5/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2015-09-01 CN CN201910212760.1A patent/CN110075271A/zh active Pending
- 2015-09-01 WO PCT/JP2015/074885 patent/WO2016039229A1/ja active Application Filing
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP6162341B2 (ja) | 2017-07-12 |
JPWO2016039229A1 (ja) | 2017-04-27 |
CN110075271A (zh) | 2019-08-02 |
CN107073064A (zh) | 2017-08-18 |
US20170354177A1 (en) | 2017-12-14 |
DE112015004182T5 (de) | 2018-01-11 |
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