WO2016038923A1 - プリント配線板用銅箔及び銅張積層板 - Google Patents
プリント配線板用銅箔及び銅張積層板 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016038923A1 WO2016038923A1 PCT/JP2015/061878 JP2015061878W WO2016038923A1 WO 2016038923 A1 WO2016038923 A1 WO 2016038923A1 JP 2015061878 W JP2015061878 W JP 2015061878W WO 2016038923 A1 WO2016038923 A1 WO 2016038923A1
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- copper
- copper foil
- roughened
- visibility
- treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
- B32B15/088—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin comprising polyamides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
- B32B27/281—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polyimides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/06—Wires; Strips; Foils
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/09—Use of materials for the conductive, e.g. metallic pattern
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a copper foil for a wiring board and a copper clad laminate, and more particularly to a copper clad laminate for a wiring board excellent in resin adhesion and resin permeation visibility after forming a circuit pattern, and a copper foil used for the same. .
- a wiring board is used as a substrate or connection material, and a copper foil is generally used for a conductive layer of the wiring board.
- the copper foil employed for the wiring board is generally supplied in the form of a rolled copper foil or an electrolytic copper foil.
- the wiring board is generally formed by bonding a copper foil such as an electrolytic copper foil and a resin film such as polyimide, and forming a circuit pattern by etching.
- the circuit board on which the circuit pattern is formed may be positioned by recognizing the alignment mark or the like with a camera through the resin film removed by etching the copper foil during the circuit pattern formation. . For this reason, it is required that the light transmitted through the resin film does not diffuse and has a resin transmission visibility that can be clearly recognized by a camera.
- the resin permeation visibility is hereinafter simply referred to as “visibility”.
- the visibility of a resin film is generally represented by a haze value (cloudiness value).
- the haze value with respect to the total light transmittance (T t ) and diffuse transmittance (T d ) of the resin film is expressed by the following formula (T d / T t ) ⁇ 100 (%) It is represented by The smaller this value, the higher the visibility.
- a haze value with a wavelength of 600 nm is adopted for evaluation of visibility.
- the haze value of the resin film depends on the surface shape. If the surface is rough, the diffuse transmission component becomes large and the haze value becomes high. Therefore, in order to increase the visibility, the surface needs to be smooth to some extent.
- the surface shape of the resin film is transferred from the surface shape of the bonded copper foil. Therefore, in order to obtain a smooth resin surface, it is necessary to use a smooth copper foil.
- the adhesiveness between the resin film and the copper foil is required for use as a wiring board.
- the copper foil surface is often roughened to increase the contact surface area and use the anchor effect. Therefore, the improvement of the adhesion leads to the deterioration of the visibility, and it is said that it is difficult to achieve both the resin adhesion and the visibility.
- a method for roughening the copper foil surface As a method for roughening the copper foil surface (roughening treatment), it is common to perform granular copper plating (roughening plating) on the copper foil. In addition, a method of roughening the surface by etching or a method of roughening plating by metal or alloy plating other than copper is used.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an electrolytic copper foil that has improved adhesion with a resin by precipitating smaller secondary roughened particles on the primary roughened particles by applying two types of copper roughened plating. Yes. However, since this electrolytic copper foil has an excessively rough surface, the adhesiveness is excellent but the visibility is low, and there is still room for improvement.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a copper-clad laminate obtained by thermocompression bonding a multilayer polyimide film obtained by special thermocompression bonding to a smooth copper foil under special conditions.
- this copper-clad laminate has many restrictions on the resin configuration and the method for producing the copper-clad laminate, and can be said to be a content that can be realized only under certain specific conditions.
- the adhesive strength between the copper foil and the resin film particularly the adhesiveness with the polyimide resin used as the base material of the flexible printed circuit board (FPC)
- the adhesive strength immediately after the lamination of the copper foil and the polyimide resin hereinafter, normal peel
- the peel strength after applying a long-time heat load hereinafter referred to as “heat-resistant peel strength” is also important from the viewpoint of long-term reliability.
- the heat-resistant peel strength of a printed wiring board based on a polyimide resin is generally measured after applying a heat load of 1000 hours in an air atmosphere at 150 ° C.
- the thermal load under the above conditions is applied to the printed wiring board, a copper atom on the surface of the copper foil becomes a copper ion, which causes a phenomenon (hereinafter referred to as copper damage) that decomposes the polymer resin. To do. For this reason, the heat-resistant peel strength is generally low compared to the normal peel strength.
- a copper damage inhibitor to the resin.
- the copper ions can be inactivated, and the peroxide can be prevented from being catalytically decomposed to generate oxy radicals. That is, the addition of the copper damage inhibitor can suppress the oxidative degradation of the polymer material.
- the copper damage inhibitor include oxalic acid derivatives, salicylic acid derivatives, hydrazide derivatives, benzotriazole, and the like.
- the present inventors perform a roughening treatment having an uneven height in a range that does not reduce the visibility on one surface of the copper foil to form a roughened particle layer having a specific particle height, and at least on the surface,
- the diffusion reflectance and saturation of the one surface side of the copper foil having a specific nickel / zinc adhesion ratio composed of nickel and zinc and having a roughening treatment are predetermined. It has been found that high heat peel strength and high visibility are realized by controlling the range.
- the diffuse reflectance refers to the ratio of the diffusely reflected (irregularly reflected) light beam to the light beam incident on the object surface, and serves as an index for determining the degree of unevenness on the object surface.
- Saturation is one of the three attributes of color and is a measure of color vividness.
- the present inventors include a polyimide resin layer used as an insulating layer containing at least one copper damage inhibitor selected from an oxalic acid derivative, a salicylic acid derivative, a hydrazide derivative, and a triazole, so that heat-resistant peel strength is achieved. It has been found that a completely new copper-clad laminate can be obtained. The present invention has been completed based on these findings.
- a roughened particle layer comprising roughened particles having an arithmetic average height of 0.05 to 0.5 ⁇ m is provided on at least one surface of the copper foil, and at least nickel and zinc are provided on the roughened particle layer.
- a ratio of the adhesion amount (mass ratio) of nickel to the roughening particle layer with respect to the adhesion amount of zinc to the roughening particle layer (surface) is within the range of 0.5 to 20
- a copper foil characterized in that the diffuse reflectance (R d ) at a wavelength of 600 nm measured from the one surface side is in the range of 5 to 50% and the saturation (C * ) is 30 or less.
- a copper-clad laminate comprising the copper foil according to item (1).
- a polyimide resin layer containing at least one copper damage inhibitor selected from oxalic acid derivatives, salicylic acid derivatives, hydrazide derivatives, and triazoles is provided on the one surface side of the copper foil according to the item (1).
- a copper-clad laminate is provided.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a copper foil for a printed wiring board and a copper-clad laminate that are excellent in both visibility and resin adhesion after circuit pattern formation.
- the copper foil of the present invention has a roughened particle layer composed of roughened particles having an arithmetic average height of 0.05 to 0.5 ⁇ m on at least one surface thereof, and at least nickel on the roughened particle layer.
- a zinc foil having a diffusion prevention coating in which the ratio (mass ratio) of the amount of adhesion to the surface of nickel to the amount of adhesion to the surface of zinc is in the range of 0.5 to 20,
- the diffuse reflectance (R d ) at a wavelength of 600 nm measured from the side is in the range of 5 to 50% and the saturation (C * ) is 30 or less.
- the copper foil of this invention can be used suitably for a printed wiring board.
- the total light transmittance of the resin film is roughly determined by the type and thickness of the resin, and changes slightly depending on the resin surface shape, but the change is small. Therefore, the haze value for evaluating the visibility is greatly influenced by the diffuse transmittance.
- the diffuse transmittance of the resin is greatly influenced by the surface shape.
- the surface shape of the resin is a transfer of the surface shape of the copper foil. Therefore, the shape of the copper foil greatly affects the diffuse transmittance of the resin.
- the resin having the transferred surface shape has an increased diffuse transmittance and excellent adhesion but poor visibility.
- the diffuse reflectance is less than 5%, the surface of the copper foil has a very good gloss. However, since the surface is too smooth, the visibility is excellent, but the adhesion with the resin is reduced.
- the saturation (C * ) is expressed by the formula (1 ).
- the surface with high saturation varies greatly depending on the wavelength, and the surface with low saturation has a flat spectral reflectance.
- the hue of the copper foil surface varies greatly depending on the surface treatment.
- the haze value is generally a value having a wavelength of 600 nm for evaluation.
- the inventors of the present invention who paid attention to the evaluation of the haze value generally adopting a wavelength of 600 nm have a saturation (C * ) of 30 or less, that is, a wavelength of 600 nm on the surface of any hue due to low saturation.
- the copper foil having such a surface was found to be excellent in the visibility of the resin film to which the surface was transferred.
- the visibility is determined from the surface of the copper foil, it has been found that the visibility is hardly affected by the type of resin, the resin manufacturing method, the wiring board manufacturing method, and the like.
- the copper foil used for the printed wiring board of the present invention has an arithmetic average height of the roughened particles in the roughened layer formed on at least one surface of the copper foil on the side in contact with the insulating layer made of polyimide resin is 0.05 ⁇ m. ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ m. When it is lower than 0.05 ⁇ m, the initial peel strength and the heat-resistant peel strength are lowered. If it is higher than 0.5 ⁇ m, the visibility is lowered.
- Table 1 summarizes the form of the roughened layer.
- the cross-sectional shape of the copper foil defined in the present invention corresponds to the shape 1 in Table 1.
- shapes 2 to 5 indicate shapes outside the specified range of the present invention. Even if the roughened particle height is in the same range as in shape 1 as in shape 2, if the outermost surface becomes gentle, the diffuse reflectance and saturation exceed the provisions of the present invention. In addition, since the anchor effect due to surface irregularities is small, the adhesion is reduced. If the roughened particles become thin even if the height of the roughened particles is the same as that of the shape 1 as in the shape 3, the diffuse reflectance becomes less than that of the present invention. Although the visibility is good, the roughened particles easily fall off (because the roughened particles are easy to break at the root), and the adhesiveness is lowered. When the coarse particle height is high as in the shape 4, the diffuse reflectance and saturation exceed the provisions of the present invention.
- the anchor effect is large and the adhesion is satisfactory, but the visibility of the resin after etching the copper foil is deteriorated.
- the rough particle height is small as in the shape 5, the diffuse reflectance is less than that of the present invention. Since the anchor effect is small due to the small unevenness, the adhesion is lowered.
- the copper foil used for the printed wiring board of the present invention comprises at least nickel and zinc on the copper foil surface on the side in contact with the insulating layer made of polyimide resin, and the surface of nickel with respect to the amount of zinc adhered to the surface
- An anti-diffusion coating having an adhesion ratio (mass ratio of Ni / Zn) in the range of 0.5 to 20 is provided.
- the adhesion amount ratio is higher than 20, it becomes an obstacle when the copper foil is etched, causing a short circuit of the wiring.
- the adhesion amount ratio is lower than 0.5, the effect of preventing the diffusion of copper is lowered, and the heat-resistant peel strength is lowered.
- the diffusion prevention coating may be performed on the entire surface of the copper foil, or may be performed on a part thereof.
- the coverage is preferably 50% or more.
- the covering rate means the ratio of the covering area when the total area of the surface of the copper foil is 100%.
- the polyimide resin laminated on the copper foil a commercially available polyimide film can be used as it is. From the viewpoint of easy control of the thickness and physical properties of the polyimide resin layer as the insulating layer, the polyamic acid solution is directly applied on the copper foil, and then dried and cured by heat treatment, so-called cast (coating) method. Polyimide resin is preferred.
- the polyimide resin may be formed from a single layer. In consideration of the adhesiveness between the polyimide resin and the copper foil, it is preferable to form a polyimide resin layer composed of a plurality of layers. In the case where a plurality of polyimide resin layers are used, it can be formed by sequentially applying a polyamic acid solution composed of different components on a certain polyamic acid solution.
- the polyamic acid solution that is a precursor of the polyimide resin can be produced by polymerizing an arbitrary diamine and an arbitrary acid dianhydride in the presence of a solvent according to a conventional method.
- a solvent any solvent can be used according to a conventional method.
- Examples of the diamine used as the raw material for the polyimide resin include 4,6-dimethyl-m-phenylenediamine, 2,5-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine, 2,4-diaminomesitylene, and 4,4′-methylenedi-o.
- Examples of the acid dianhydride used as a raw material for the polyimide resin include pyromellitic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,2 ′, 3, 3′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3,3 ′, 4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, naphthalene-1,2,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, naphthalene-1, 2,4,5-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, naphthalene-1,2,6,7-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 4,8 -Dimethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydronaphthalene-1,2,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 4,8-dimethyl-1,
- the insulating layer made of the polyimide resin used for the printed wiring board of the present invention is composed of a polyimide resin containing at least one or more selected from oxalic acid derivatives, salicylic acid derivatives, hydrazide derivatives, and triazoles as copper damage inhibitors. Is preferred.
- Copper damage inhibitors used in the present invention include oxalic acid derivatives such as 2,2′-oxamido-bis [ethyl-3- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate], 3 -Salicylic acid derivatives such as (N-salicyloyl) amino-1,2,4-triazole and triazoles, N, N'-bis [3- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionyl]
- a hydrazide derivative such as hydrazine can be used.
- These copper damage inhibitors may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Further, as a commercially available copper damage inhibitor in which a plurality of copper damage inhibitors and the like are mixed in advance, ADK STAB ZS-27 (trade name, manufactured by ADEKA Corporation) and the like can also be used.
- the effect of the present invention becomes more remarkable when salicylic acid derivatives such as 3- (N-salicyloyl) amino-1,2,4-triazole and triazoles are used.
- the amount of copper damage inhibitor added is preferably 0.05 to 5.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the base resin polyimide resin. This is because if the amount of the copper damage inhibitor added is too small, the desired effect cannot be obtained, and if it is too large, problems such as blooming of the copper damage inhibitor on the resin surface and an increase in cost will occur.
- an antioxidant used for a commercially available polymer material can be used in combination. Oxidative degradation of the polymer material can be more effectively suppressed by using a copper damage inhibitor and an antioxidant together.
- the antioxidant used in the present invention has a function of decomposing a peroxide generated during the oxidative degradation of the polymer material and stopping the subsequent auto-oxidation cycle.
- the composition comprising the polyimide resin and copper damage inhibitor according to the present invention includes an antioxidant such as a phenol-based antioxidant, a phosphorus-based antioxidant, and a sulfur-based antioxidant as necessary. Can be used in combination.
- an antioxidant such as a phenol-based antioxidant, a phosphorus-based antioxidant, and a sulfur-based antioxidant as necessary. Can be used in combination.
- phenol-based antioxidant examples include Irganox 1010 (trade name: Irganox 1010, substance name: pentaerythritol tetrakis [3- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate], BASF Manufactured by Japan Co., Ltd.), Irganox 1076 (trade name: Irganox 1076, substance name: octadecyl-3- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, manufactured by BASF Japan) Irganox 1330 (trade name: Irganox 1330, substance name: 3,3 ′, 3 ′′, 5,5 ′, 5 ′′ -hexa-t-butyl- ⁇ , ⁇ ′, ⁇ ′′-(mesitylene-2 , 4,6-Triyl) tri-p-cresol, manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd., Irganox 3114 (trade name: Irga
- Adeka Stub AO-80 (trade name: ADK STAB AO-80, substance name: 3,9-bis) 2- (3- (3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) propionyloxy) -1,1-dimethylethyl) -2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro (5,5) undecane , Manufactured by ADEKA Co., Ltd.), Sumilizer BHT (trade name: Sumilizer BHT, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.), Sumilizer GA-80 (trade name: Sumilizer GA-80, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.), Sumitizer GS (Commodity) Name: Sumilizer GS, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.), Cyanox 1790 (trade name: Cyanox 1790, manufactured by Cytec Co., Ltd.), vitamin E (for example, manufactured by Eisai Co., Ltd.), and the like.
- Examples of the phosphorous antioxidant include Irgafos 168 (trade name: Irgafos 168, substance name: Tris (2,4-di-t-butylphenyl) phosphite, manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.), Irgafos 12 ( Product name: Irgafos 12, Substance name: Tris [2-[[2,4,8,10-tetra-t-butyldibenzo [d, f] [1,3,2] dioxaphosphin-6-yl] Oxy] ethyl] amine, manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.), Irgaphos 38 (trade name: Irgafos 38, substance name: bis (2,4-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl) -6-methylphenyl) ethyl ester Phosphoric acid, manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.), ADK STAB 329K (trade name, manufactured by ADEKA Corp.), ADK STAB PEP36
- sulfur-based antioxidant examples include dialkylthiodipropionates such as 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, dilauryl thiodipropionate, dimyristyl thiodipropionate, distearyl thiodipropionate, and pentaerythritol tetra ( ⁇ -dodecyl). And ⁇ -alkyl mercaptopropionic esters of polyols such as mercaptopropionate).
- the content of the sulfur-based antioxidant is preferably 0.01 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyimide resin.
- the copper foil of the present invention to be used has a surface to be laminated with a polyimide resin (a surface on which various treatments described below including a roughening treatment are performed before the lamination) has a glossiness of 10 or more before the treatment described later. Preferably there is.
- the gloss of the untreated copper foil before use is about 0 to 30 for the non-glossy foil and about 100 to 500 for the glossy foil.
- the surface shape with a gloss level of less than 10 provides sufficient visibility after the roughening treatment. This is because it becomes difficult to obtain.
- a copper foil having a desired surface gloss can be produced under the following conditions.
- an electrolytic copper foil will be described as an example.
- the production conditions of the electrolytic copper foil are an example and are not limited to these.
- At least one surface of the copper foil in the case of electrolytic copper foil, at least one surface (preferably the M surface) or S surface (Shiny surface) of the M surface (Shiny surface), in the case of rolled copper foil, at least one of the rolled surfaces. Surface).
- One representative example of the roughening treatment is pure copper (Cu) -based roughening plating in which fine granular pure copper is formed on the surface of the copper foil by electroplating.
- a copper sulfate plating solution is used for pure copper-based rough plating.
- the sulfuric acid concentration of the roughening plating solution is preferably 50 to 250 g / L, and particularly preferably 70 to 200 g / L. If the sulfuric acid concentration is too low, the electrical conductivity is low, and the electrodeposition of the roughened particles is deteriorated. If the sulfuric acid concentration is too high, corrosion of the equipment is promoted.
- the copper concentration of the pure copper-based roughening plating solution is preferably 6 to 100 g / L, and particularly preferably 10 to 50 g / L.
- the copper concentration is too low, the electrodeposition property of the roughened particles is deteriorated. If the copper concentration is too high, a larger current is required for plating in the form of particles, which is not realistic in terms of equipment.
- an alloy-based roughening plating in which a fine granular Cu—Co—Ni alloy is formed on a copper foil surface by electroplating.
- Cu-Co-Ni alloy plating by electroplating, ternary alloys such that deposition amount of 5 ⁇ 15 mg / dm cobalt -100 Copper -20 ⁇ 90 ⁇ g / dm 2 of 2 ⁇ 900 ⁇ g / dm 2 of nickel It can be implemented to form a layer. If the amount of Co adhesion is too low, the peel strength after the heat resistance test may be lowered. If the amount of Co adhesion is too high, etching residues are likely to occur, which is not preferable.
- Ni adhesion amount is too low, the peel strength after the heat resistance test may be lowered. On the other hand, if the Ni adhesion amount is too high, an etching residue tends to be generated, which is not preferable.
- a more preferable amount of Co adhesion is 30 to 80 ⁇ g / dm 2 , and a more preferable amount of nickel adhesion is 200 to 400 ⁇ g / dm 2 .
- the copper concentration of the Cu—Co—Ni alloy-based rough plating solution is 2 to 10 g / L, the cobalt concentration is 20 to 40 g / L, the nickel concentration is 20 to 40 g / L, and the sulfuric acid concentration is 50 to 250 g / L. Is preferred.
- the electrodeposition of the roughened particles becomes poor.
- the copper, cobalt and nickel concentrations exceed the above range, a larger current is required for plating in the form of particles, which is also an actual facility. Not right.
- the current density for pure copper-based and Cu—Co—Ni alloy-based rough plating is preferably 5 to 120 A / dm 2 , particularly preferably 25 to 100 A / dm 2 . If the current density is too low, it takes time for processing, which is not productive. When the current density is too high, the electrodeposition property of the roughened particles is deteriorated.
- thin copper smooth plating (cover plating) may be performed on the surface of the roughened particle layer.
- the liquid composition at this time is such that the copper concentration is 40 to 200 g / L, the sulfuric acid concentration is 70 to 200 g / L, the current value is 0.4 to 20 A / dm 2 , the liquid temperature is 40 to 60 ° C., and the treatment time is 1 to Preferably it is 10 seconds.
- the height of the formed roughened particles tends to change preferentially in the “roughening plating” part.
- the width of the roughened particles tends to change preferentially in the “cover plating” portion.
- covering plating also has a function of filling the valleys between the roughening particles, if the covering plating is applied too much, the height of the roughening particles may be reduced too much.
- the roughening particles have a gentle shape with a large skirt (for example, shape 2 shown in Table 1 above).
- the amount of electric power for rough plating is large and the amount of electric power for plating is small, the rough particles have an elongated shape (for example, shape 3 shown in Table 1 above).
- the copper concentration of the roughening plating solution when the concentration is high, the roughened particle shape becomes gentle (for example, the shape 2 shown in Table 1 above), and when it is thin, elongated roughened particles are formed with high density ( For example, the shape shown in Table 1 tends to be 3).
- the roughening treatment may be performed by a method other than the roughening plating. Examples include those by etching treatment, those that oxidize and roughen the foil surface by oxidizing agent or atmosphere adjustment, those that roughen the surface by re-reducing the oxidized surface, and those that combine these. Can be mentioned.
- At least one surface of the electrolytic copper foil subjected to the roughening treatment is treated by PR pulse electrolysis.
- PR pulse electrolysis the dissolution and precipitation of the roughened particles are repeated, the roughened particles are reduced in size, the number of roughened particles is increased, and the surface of the roughened particles is smoothed to improve the visibility. It becomes a particle shape.
- the electrolytic solution used for the PR pulse electrolytic treatment it is preferable to use the pure copper-based roughening plating solution and the Cu—Co—Ni alloy-based roughening plating solution described above.
- the pure copper-based roughening treatment uses a pure copper-based roughening plating solution in the PR pulse electrolytic treatment, and the Cu-Co-Ni alloy-based roughening treatment uses both the PR pulse electrolytic treatment and the Cu-Co-Ni.
- the forward electrolysis time and reverse electrolysis time of PR pulse electrolysis are preferably in the range of 50 to 500 milliseconds.
- the forward current density of PR pulse electrolysis is preferably 0.5 to 10 A / dm 2 . If the forward current density is too small, the amount of precipitation per pulse is small, and it is difficult to obtain an effect on the surface shape. If it is too large, the electrodeposition property becomes worse.
- the reverse current density is preferably 1 to 20 A / dm 2 . Further, even within this range, conditions that are greatly below or above the forward current density are not preferable. The conditions of the PR pulse electrolysis are determined by comprehensive judgment because each item has a close influence.
- an alkali dipping treatment is performed as a post treatment. This treatment is performed for the purpose of removing residues of surface contaminants such as an additive for foil making and smoothing the surface of roughened particles.
- An NaOH aqueous solution is used as the alkaline solution.
- the NaOH concentration is preferably in the range of 10 to 60 g / L.
- the solution temperature is preferably 20 to 50 ° C., and the immersion time is preferably 5 to 50 seconds.
- nickel and zinc diffusion prevention coating covering the roughened particles is performed.
- nickel ⁇ zinc continuous electroplating or nickel / zinc alloy electroplating is preferably used under the following conditions, but the forming method is not limited to these methods.
- NiSO 4 ⁇ 6H 2 O 45g / L ⁇ 450g / L ZnSO 4 ⁇ 7H 2 O: 3 g / L to 100 g / L (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 : 3 g / L to 30 g / L pH: 4.0-6.0
- the surface of at least one surface of the electrolytic copper foil may be further subjected to a surface treatment.
- a surface treatment for the purpose of adhesion, chemical resistance and rust prevention can be mentioned.
- the treatment agent used for the metal surface treatment include Cr, Si, Co, and Mo alone or hydrates.
- the alloy surface treatment Cr is deposited after depositing at least one metal of Si, Co, and Mo or an alloy containing one or more metals.
- plating solution and plating conditions for performing the above metal surface treatment or alloy surface treatment are shown below.
- Ni, Mo, and the like that are contained in the anti-diffusion coating and adhered to the surface of the copper foil after the roughening treatment by the surface treatment are metals that deteriorate the etching property. Therefore, it is preferable that the adhesion amount to the surface of these metals is 1 mg / dm 2 or less.
- Zn is preferably 0.2 mg / dm 2 or less because Zn may melt at the time of etching and cause deterioration in peel strength if the amount of adhesion to the surface is too large.
- both are such adhesion amounts the shape and surface color (appearance) of the roughened surface of the electrolytic copper foil after the surface treatment will not be greatly impaired.
- silane coupling treatment silane coupling treatment
- examples of the silane coupling agent include commonly used amino, vinyl, isocyanate, and epoxy types, but the type is not particularly limited in the present invention.
- the use of an adhesive or thermocompression bonding is not necessary for laminating the copper foil and the polyimide resin layer.
- a roughened particle layer is provided on one surface of the copper foil, and a diffusion preventing coating having the specific Ni / Zn ratio is further formed thereon, and the surface is further subjected to metal surface treatment or alloy surface treatment, chromate treatment and silane. Adhesion with the polyimide resin layer of the copper foil can be ensured by performing an alkali immersion treatment as a coupling treatment and, if necessary, a post-treatment.
- a rolled copper foil as the copper foil of the present invention, an arbitrary one such as a tough pitch copper foil or a copper silver alloy foil (Cu—Ag 0.02 to 0.03% by mass) can be used.
- the rolled copper foil is subjected to various treatments and then laminated with a polyimide resin.
- Examples 1 to 15 and Comparative Examples 1 to 12 Preparation of copper foil>
- the type of copper foil is abbreviated as “electrolysis”.
- a rolled copper foil tilt pitch copper, as roll foil
- was also prepared hereinafter, the type of the copper foil is abbreviated as “rolled”).
- Each of these copper foils is degreased and pickled according to a conventional method, and then subjected to a pure copper-based or alloy-based roughening treatment on one side of the copper foil (on the matte side in the case of electrolytic copper foil) under the conditions described below, and then covered. Plating treatment was performed. The temperatures of the pure copper-based and alloy-based roughening plating solutions were both 25 ° C.
- the copper concentration of the plating solution was 70 g / L
- the sulfuric acid concentration was 110 g / L
- the solution temperature was 50 ° C.
- Other detailed conditions are shown in Table 2.
- the PR pulse electrolytic treatment was performed on the roughened surface side of the sample after the partial plating using a plating solution having the same composition as the roughened plating solution. This treatment was repeated for a predetermined time in the order of pulse forward electrolysis (350 milliseconds), pulse reverse electrolysis (100 milliseconds), and pulse electrolysis stop (200 milliseconds). Other detailed conditions are shown in Table 2.
- the treatment liquid was NaOH at 40 g / L, the liquid temperature was 50 ° C., and the treatment time was 32 seconds.
- silane coupling treatment On the roughened surface of the copper foil after alkali immersion treatment, anti-diffusion coating (the following nickel ⁇ zinc continuous electroplating), surface rust prevention treatment (the following Cr plating treatment) and silane coupling treatment are performed in this order. It was. Amino-based silane coupling agent (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name: KBM-903) is used to prepare an aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.2% by mass, and applied to copper foil and dried (120 ° C.) to obtain a silane cup. Ring treatment was applied.
- Amino-based silane coupling agent manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name: KBM-903
- a polyamic acid obtained by adding 0.2 parts by mass of one of the following copper damage inhibitors to 100 parts by mass of the prepared polyamic acid was also prepared in the same manner.
- Copper damage inhibitor 1 Salicylic acid derivative / triazole (trade name: ADK STAB CDA-1, manufactured by ADEKA Corporation) Substance name: 3- (N-salicyloyl) amino-1,2,4-triazole
- Copper damage prevention agent 2 Oxalic acid derivative (trade name: Naugard XL-1, manufactured by Advantant) Substance name: 2,2′-oxamido-bis [ethyl-3- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate]
- Copper damage inhibitor 3 hydrazide derivative (trade name: Irganox MD1024, manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.) Substance name: N, N′-bis [3- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionyl] hydrazine
- the thickness of the polyimide resin produced after curing the polyamic acid solution containing the copper damage inhibitor or not containing the copper damage inhibitor is 2.5 ⁇ m.
- the solvent was removed by heating at 130 ° C.
- a polyamic acid solution containing no copper damage inhibitor is applied uniformly to the coated surface so that the thickness of the polyimide resin produced after curing is 20.0 ⁇ m, and the solvent is removed by heating at 120 ° C. did.
- the thickness of the polyimide resin produced after curing the same polyamic acid solution (containing the copper damage inhibitor or not containing the copper damage inhibitor) as that applied to the first layer on the coated surface side is 2
- the film was uniformly applied to a thickness of 5 ⁇ m and dried by heating at 130 ° C. to remove the solvent.
- Each long copper foil was heat-treated in a continuous curing furnace set so that the temperature gradually increased from 300 ° C. to 300 ° C. over a period of about 6 minutes. Imidization was performed to obtain a copper-clad laminate having a total thickness of 25 ⁇ m of the formed polyimide resin layer consisting of all three layers.
- Table 3 shows the characteristics of the produced copper foils of Examples and Comparative Examples.
- each characteristic was measured by the following method.
- the viewing angle of 5 ⁇ m cannot be observed, and there are cases where 10 roughened particles cannot be observed depending on the conditions.
- two to three cross-sectional SEM images at different photographing locations are obtained.
- the arithmetic average height is obtained by using a sheet. [2] For the triangle drawn in [1], measure the height of the triangle when the point where the height of the roughened particle is the highest is the apex and the line connecting the roots of the roughened particle is the base, and this is the rough The height of the particle size.
- the arithmetic average height is obtained and used as the coarse particle height.
- the transmittance when a standard reflector similar to the inner wall of the integrating sphere is installed at the location where the optical axis of the incident light intersects with the inner wall of the integrating sphere is the total light transmittance (T t ).
- the transmittance when measured after the light transmitted through is removed from the integrating sphere is excluded is the diffuse transmittance (T d ).
- Table 4 (T d / T t ) ⁇ 100 (%) was calculated as a haze value.
- excellent (A)” when haze value ⁇ 40 (%), “good (B)” when 40 ⁇ haze value ⁇ 80 (%), and 80 (%) ⁇ haze value. was determined as “poor (E)”.
- the thing of visibility evaluation E is inferior visibility of the grade which is not suitable for a printed wiring board use
- the thing of visibility evaluation B is the favorable visibility of a grade suitable for a printed wiring board use.
- the visibility increases in the order of B to A, and a visibility evaluation A is more preferable.
- the haze values are also shown in Table 4.
- Example 1 the overall evaluation is D, C, B, and A, and it can be said that there is no practical problem.
- the roughened shape of the copper foil surface all of the results of the cross-sectional observation satisfied the definition of the present invention, and the shape indicated by shape 1 in Table 1 was obtained.
- the pure copper-based roughening treatment in comparison with Example 14 and Example 15 in the alloy-based roughening treatment, it is more preferable that those containing a copper damage inhibitor have higher heat-resistant peel strength. I understand.
- Example 11 and 14 the roughening height, Rd and Ni adhesion amount ratio are almost the same, but it can be seen that Example 11 which is a pure copper-based roughening treatment has higher normal state and heat-resistant peel strength, and is more preferable.
- Example 1 and Example 9 shows that Rd is more preferably 24% or more.
- Comparison between Example 10 and Example 14 shows that the pure copper-based roughening treatment has a higher peel strength and is more preferable than the alloy-based roughening treatment.
- a comparison of Examples 1 to 6 and Examples 7 to 11 shows that Rd is 24 to 38% and Ni adhesion amount ratio is 5.6 to 20% among those using a copper damage prevention agent in pure copper-based roughening treatment. It can be seen that this is more preferable.
- Example 1 and Example 13 had the same roughened particle height, Example 13 had a higher haze value and lower visibility, but due to irregularities due to oil pits specific to the rolled copper foil. It can be seen that it is preferable to use electrolytic copper foil.
- each comparative example showed inferior properties.
- R d , C *, and the roughened particle height were all higher than those defined in the present invention, and the shape represented by shape 4 in Table 1 was observed when the cross-section was observed. Therefore, the adhesiveness is excellent, but the visibility is low and it is not suitable for practical use.
- Comparative Example 2 is opposite to the Comparative Example 1, R d and roughening particles height is lower than the provisions of this invention, has a shape represented by the shape 5 shown in Table 1 when performing cross-sectional observation. Therefore, both are excellent in visibility but are not suitable for practical use because of low adhesion.
- the roughened particle height and the nickel / zinc adhesion ratio are within the specified range of the present invention, and the resin contains a copper damage inhibitor, but at least one of R d and C * is the present invention.
- the shapes represented by the shapes 2 and 3 in Table 1 were obtained. Both have good visibility but are not suitable for practical use because of low adhesion.
- the nickel / zinc adhesion ratio was lower than specified in the present invention. All of them have good visibility but are not suitable for practical use because of poor adhesion.
- Comparative Example 7 R d , C *, and the roughened particle height were all higher than those defined in the present invention, and the shape represented by shape 4 in Table 1 was observed by cross-sectional observation. Therefore, the adhesiveness is excellent, but the visibility is low and it is not suitable for practical use.
- Comparative Examples 9 to 12 correspond to those in which PR pulse electrolysis treatment of Examples 1, 8, 10 and 14 was not performed.
- the PR pulse electrolytic treatment of the present invention contributes to the improvement of visibility by reducing the height of the roughened particles by filling the valleys between the roughened particles to some extent and bringing them close to the shape 1 in Table 1.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a copper-clad laminate for a wiring board excellent in resin adhesion and visibility suitable for printed wiring board applications, and a copper foil used for this.
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Abstract
Description
(Td/Tt)×100(%)
で表される。この値が小さいほど視認性が高い。視認性の評価には一般に波長600nmのヘイズ値が採用される。
(1)銅箔の少なくとも一表面に算術平均高さが0.05~0.5μmである粗化粒子からなる粗化粒子層を有し、前記粗化粒子層の上に、少なくともニッケルと亜鉛を含み、亜鉛の前記粗化粒子層(表面)への付着量に対するニッケルの前記粗化粒子層への付着量の比(質量比)が0.5~20の範囲内の拡散防止被覆を有する銅箔であって、前記一表面側から測定した波長600nmにおける拡散反射率(Rd)が5~50%の範囲内及び彩度(C*)が30以下であることを特徴とする銅箔。
(2)(1)項に記載の銅箔を有することを特徴とする銅張積層板。
(3)シュウ酸誘導体、サリチル酸誘導体、ヒドラジド誘導体、及びトリアゾール類から選ばれる少なくとも1種類以上の銅害防止剤を含むポリイミド樹脂層を、(1)項に記載の銅箔の前記一表面側に有する銅張積層板。
本発明の銅箔は、プリント配線板に好適に用いることができる。
本発明で規定する銅箔の断面形状は表1の形状1に相当する。
形状2のように粗化粒子高さが形状1と同じ範囲であっても、最表面がなだらかになると、拡散反射率及び彩度は本発明の規定を超える。加えて、表面凹凸によるアンカー効果が少ないので密着性が低下する。
形状3のように粗化粒子高さが形状1と同じ範囲でも粗化粒子が細くなると、拡散反射率が本発明の規定未満となる。視認性は良いが、粗化粒子が脱落しやすくなり(粗化粒子が根元で折れ易くなるため)密着性が低下する。
形状4のように粗化粒子高さが高いと、拡散反射率及び彩度が本発明の規定を超える。粗化粒子が大きいのでアンカー効果が大きく密着性は満足するが、銅箔エッチング後の樹脂の視認性は悪くなる。
形状5のように粗化粒子高さが小さいと拡散反射率が本発明の規定未満となる。凹凸が小さい分アンカー効果が小さいので、密着性が低下する。
上記フェノール系酸化防止剤の含有量は、ベース樹脂であるポリイミド樹脂100質量部に対して、好ましくは0.001~10質量部、より好ましくは0.05~5質量部である。
上記リン系酸化防止剤の含有量は、ポリイミド樹脂100質量部に対して、好ましくは0.01~10質量部、より好ましくは0.05~5質量部である。
上記硫黄系酸化防止剤の含有量は、ポリイミド樹脂100質量部に対して、好ましくは0.01~10質量部、より好ましくは0.05~5質量部用いられる。
使用する本発明の銅箔は、ポリイミド樹脂と積層させる面(積層前に、粗化処理を含む以下に述べる各種の処理を行う面)が、後述する処理前の時点で光沢度が10以上であることが好ましい。使用前の未処理銅箔の光沢度は、無光沢箔で0~30程度、光沢箔で100~500程度であり、光沢度が10未満の表面形状では、粗化処理後に十分な視認性を得ることが難しくなるためである。
所望の表面光沢を有する銅箔は、以下の条件で作製することが可能である。以下、電解銅箔を例に説明する。電解銅箔の作製条件は一例であり、これに限定されることはない。
3-メルカプト1-プロパンスルホン酸ナトリウム:0.5~3.0ppm
ヒドロキシエチルセルロース:2~20ppm
膠(分子量=3000):1~10ppm
Cu:40~150g/L
H2SO4:60~160g/L
液温:40℃~60℃
電流密度:30~90A/dm2
PRパルス電解の順電解時間および逆電解時間は50~500ミリ秒の範囲が好ましい。この時間が短すぎると、PRパルス電解の効果が現れにくく、長すぎると粗化粒子がより粗大化する恐れがある。
PRパルス電解の順電流密度は0.5~10A/dm2が好ましい。この順電流密度が小さすぎるとパルス1回あたりの析出量が小さく、表面形状への効果が得られにくい。大きすぎると電着性が悪くなる。
逆電流密度は1~20A/dm2が好ましい。またこの範囲内であっても順電流密度に対して大きく下回る、または上回るような条件は好ましくない。PRパルス電解の条件は、それぞれの項目が密接に影響しあうために総合的に判断して条件を決定する。
・ニッケルめっき浴
NiSO4・6H2O:45g/L~450g/L
H3BO3:10g/L~50g/L
pH:3.0~4.5
浴温:30℃~60℃
電流密度:0.1A/dm2~2.0A/dm2
めっき時間:2秒~30秒
・亜鉛めっき浴
ZnSO4・7H2O:3g/L~100g/L
NaOH:20g/L~80g/L
浴温:20℃~40℃
電流密度:0.1A/dm2~2.0A/dm2
めっき時間:2秒~30秒
NiSO4・6H2O:45g/L~450g/L
ZnSO4・7H2O:3g/L~100g/L
(NH4)2SO4:3g/L~30g/L
pH:4.0~6.0
浴温:30℃~50℃
電流密度:0.1A/dm2~2.0A/dm2
めっき時間6秒~60秒
Na2MoO4・2H2O 1~30g/L
CoSO4・7H2O 1~50g/L
クエン酸3ナトリウム2水和物 30~200g/L
電流密度 1~50A/dm2
浴温 10~70℃
処理時間 1秒~2分
pH 1.0~4.0
CrO3 0.5~40g/L
浴温 20~70℃
処理時間 1秒~2分
電流密度 0.1~10A/dm2
pH 1.0~4.0
<銅箔の調製>
M面(Matte面)の光沢度が230、S面(Shiny面)の光沢度が100である下記の電解銅箔製造条件で製造した電解銅箔(厚さ12μm)を準備した(以下、この銅箔の種類を「電解」と略記する。)。これとは別に圧延銅箔(タフピッチ銅、アズロール箔(as rolled foil))(厚さ12μm)も準備した(以下、この銅箔の種類を「圧延」と略記する。)。
3-メルカプト1-プロパンスルホン酸ナトリウム:0.5~3.0ppm
ヒドロキシエチルセルロース:2~20ppm
膠(分子量=3000):1~10ppm
Cu:40~150g/L
H2SO4:60~160g/L
浴温:40℃~60℃
電流密度:30~90A/dm2
その他の詳細な条件は表2に示す。「粗化めっき処理」と「被せめっき処理」の条件を、表2に示したように適宜制御することで、粗化粒子の形状を制御した。
・ニッケルめっき浴
NiSO4・6H2O:45g/L~450g/L
H3BO3:10g/L~50g/L
pH:3.0~4.5
浴温:30℃~60℃
電流密度:0.1A/dm2~2.0A/dm2
めっき時間:2秒~30秒
・亜鉛めっき浴
ZnSO4・7H2O:3g/L~100g/L
NaOH:20g/L~80g/L
浴温:20℃~40℃
電流密度:0.1A/dm2~2.0A/dm2
めっき時間:2秒~30秒
CrO3 0.5~40g/L
浴温 20~70℃
処理時間 1秒~2分
電流密度 0.1~10A/dm2
pH 1.0~4.0
〔ポリアミド酸の合成〕
熱電対及び攪拌機を備えると共に窒素導入が可能な反応容器に、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミドを入れ、さらに、この反応容器に2,2-ビス[4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]プロパン(BAPP)を投入して容器中で撹拌しながら溶解させた。次に、ピロメリット酸二無水物(PMDA)を、前記ジアミン(BAPP)と酸二無水物(PMDA)とが約1:1のモル比、かつ、これらの合計量であるモノマーの投入総量が12質量%となるように投入した。
物質名:3-(N-サリチロイル)アミノ-1,2,4-トリアゾール
物質名:2,2’-オキサミド-ビス[エチル-3-(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロオキシフェニル)プロピオネート]
物質名:N,N’-ビス[3-(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオニル]ヒドラジン
測定には、日本分光製 紫外可視分光光度計V-660(商品名、積分球ユニット)を使用した。ポリイミド樹脂に張り付ける前の銅箔の粗化処理面に対して垂直に測定光を入射し拡散反射率(Rd)を測定した。いずれも波長600nmのときの値を評価に使用した。
測定には、日本分光製 紫外可視分光光度計V-660(商品名、積分球ユニット)を使用した。波長870~200nmの間でポリイミド樹脂に張り付ける前の銅箔の粗化処理面の全光線分光反射率を測定した。そのスペクトルから、測定機付属ソフトウェアによりL*、a*、b*を算出した。C*は前記式1によりa*とb*から算出した。
作製した各銅張積層版を樹脂埋めし、断面出しを行った後にFE-SEM(電界放射型走査電子顕微鏡)(日立ハイテク製、商品名:SU8020)を用い50000倍で観察した。5μm角の視野中から無作為に選択した十個の粗化粒子の高さを測定し、その算術平均値を粗化粒子高さとした。粗化粒子高さの測定法の詳細を図1に示す。すなわち、
[1] 断面出しの際に切断された粗化粒子(図示したSEM写真中で最も手前側に見えている粗化粒子)の付け根二点と、粗化粒子の高さが最も高い点を結んだ三角形を描く。50000倍の観察では5μmの視野角を観察しきれず、条件によっては10個の粗化粒子を観察することができない場合があるので、その場合には、撮影箇所の異なる断面SEM画像を2~3枚用いて算術平均高さを求める。
[2] [1]で描いた三角形について、粗化粒子の高さが最も高い点を頂点、粗化粒子の付け根を結んだ線を底辺とした場合の三角形の高さを測り、これを粗化粒子高さとする。その算術平均高さを求めて、粗化粒子高さとする。
ICP発光分析装置(島津製作所製、商品名:ICPS-7000)を用い、ポリイミド樹脂に貼り付ける前の銅箔の粗化処理面のニッケル及び亜鉛付着量を、JIS K 0553-2002の規格に準じた手法で測定した。合金系粗化処理品のNi付着量は、粗化粒子を構成するNi及び拡散防止層を構成するNiの付着量の合計を測定した。測定された付着量から、Ni/Zn付着量比(質量比)を算出した。
前記の各実施例、各比較例で作製した銅張積層板に対して、塩化銅エッチング液で銅箔を全て溶解させ、片面側に銅箔表面が転写されたポリイミドフィルムを作製した。
測定には、日本分光製 紫外可視分光光度計V-660(商品名、積分球ユニット)を使用し、光源は波長600nmの単色光を用い、その他の測定条件はJIS K 7136-2000に準拠した。ポリイミドフィルムの銅箔表面凹凸が転写された面に対して垂直に測定光を入射し、その透過光が積分球に入るようにした。入射光の光軸と積分球内壁が交差する箇所に積分球内壁と同様の標準反射板を設置したときの透過率が全光線透過率(Tt)であり、同箇所にトラッピングを設置し垂直に透過してきた光を積分球の外に出し除外した上で測定したときの透過率が拡散透過率(Td)である。測定結果を表4に記載した。
(Td/Tt)×100(%)をヘイズ値として算出した。
視認性の評価としては、ヘイズ値<40(%)のときを「優(A)」、40≦ヘイズ値<80(%)のときを「良(B)」、80(%)≦ヘイズ値のときを「劣(E)」とした。視認性評価Eのものは、プリント配線板用途としては適さない程度の劣った視認性であり、視認性評価Bのものはプリント配線板用途として適する程度の良好な視認性である。BからAの順に視認性が高くなり、視認性評価Aであればより好ましい視認性である。ヘイズ値を表4に併せて記載した。
銅箔とポリイミド樹脂層との密着性の尺度として、常態ピール強度及び耐熱ピール強度を以下のように測定した。前記の各実施例、各比較例で作製した銅張積層板の耐熱試験(150℃の大気中で1000時間の熱処理)前後の試料を使用して、銅箔部を10mm巾テープでマスキングし塩化銅エッチングを行った後でテープを除去して10mm巾のサンプルを作製し、JIS C 6481-1996の規格に従って常態ピール強度及び耐熱ピール強度を測定した。
常態ピール強度及び耐熱ピール強度の双方が1.0kN/m以上のときを「秀(A)」とし、どちらか一方のピール強度が1.0kN/m未満0.8kN/m以上のときを「優(B)」とし、どちらか一方のピール強度が0.8kN/m未満0.6kN/m以上のときを「良(C)」とし、どちらか一方のピール強度が0.6kN/m未満0.4kN/m以上のときを「可(D)」とし、どちらか一方のピール強度が0.4kN/m未満のときを「劣(不合格)(E)」とした。ピール強度評価D、C、B、Aはプリント配線板用途として適する程度の良好な密着性を有しているといえる。DからC、Bの順に密着性が高くなり、Aであればより好ましい密着性である。結果を表4に併せて記載した。
上記(5)及び(6)の結果から、以下の基準に基づいて総合評価を行った。結果を表4に併せて記載した。
視認性、密着性の一つでもE評価のもの : E(不合格)
密着性評価にD評価があり、かつ視認性がE評価で無いもの : D(合格、可)
密着性評価にC評価があり、かつ視認性がE評価でないもの : C(合格、良)
視認性、密着性の少なくとも一方がB評価で、かつE評価が無いもの:B(合格、優)
両方の評価項目でA評価であるもの : A(合格、秀)
純銅系粗化処理では実施例1と実施例12、合金系粗化処理では実施例14と実施例15の比較で、銅害防止剤を含むものの方が耐熱ピール強度は高く、より好ましいことが分かる。実施例11と14では粗化高さ、Rd及びNi付着量比が殆ど同じだが、純銅系粗化処理である実施例11の方が常態及び耐熱ピール強度が高く、より好ましいことが分かる。実施例1と実施例9の比較で、Rdはより好ましくは24%以上が良いことが分かる。実施例10と実施例14の比較で、合金系粗化処理よりも純銅系粗化処理の方がピール強度は高く、より好ましいことが分かる。実施例1~6と実施例7~11を比較すると、純銅系粗化処理で銅害防止剤を使用したものの中でも、Rdが24~38%、Ni付着量比が5.6~20%の方がより好ましいことが分かる。実施例1と実施例13とは同等の粗化粒子高さであったにもかかわらず、実施例13の方がヘイズ値が高く視認性に劣るが、圧延銅箔特有のオイルピットによる凹凸によるものと考えられ、電解銅箔を用いる方が好ましいことが分かる。
比較例1はRd、C*及び粗化粒子高さがいずれも本発明の規定より高く、断面観察を行うと表1の形状4で表される形状であった。それゆえ密着性には優れるが視認性が低く、実用には適さない。
比較例2は比較例1とは逆に、Rd及び粗化粒子高さが本発明の規定より低く、断面観察を行うと表1の形状5で表される形状であった。それゆえいずれも視認性には優れるが密着性が低いので実用には適さない。
比較例3及び4は、粗化粒子高さ、ニッケル/亜鉛付着量比が本発明の規定範囲内で、樹脂中に銅害防止剤を含むが、Rd及びC*の少なくとも1つが本発明の規定範囲外であり、断面観察を行うとそれぞれ表1の形状2及び3で表される形状であった。共に視認性は良いが、密着性が低いので実用には適さない。
比較例5及び6はニッケル/亜鉛付着量比が本発明の規定よりも低かった。いずれも視認性は良いが、密着性が劣るので実用には適さない。
比較例7はRd、C*及び粗化粒子高さがいずれも本発明の規定より高く、断面観察を行うと表1の形状4で表される形状であった。それゆえ密着性には優れるが視認性が低く、実用には適さない。
比較例8は比較例1とは逆に、Rd及び粗化粒子高さが本発明の規定より低く、断面観察を行うと表1の形状5で表される形状であった。それゆえ視認性には優れるが密着性が低いので実用には適さない。
比較例9~12はそれぞれ実施例1、8、10及び14のPRパルス電解処理を行わなかったものに相当する。比較例9~12の断面観察をすると、粗化粒子間の谷が非常に深くなっていた。それゆえ粗化粒子高さの平均値が高くなり、表1の形状4で表される形状に近くなった。よって密着性には優れるが、視認性が低いので実用に適さない。本発明のPRパルス電解処理は、粗化粒子間の谷をある程度埋めることで粗化粒子の高さを低くし、表1の形状1に近づけることで視認性の向上に寄与している。
Claims (3)
- 銅箔の少なくとも一表面に算術平均高さが0.05~0.5μmである粗化粒子からなる粗化粒子層を有し、前記粗化粒子層の上に、少なくともニッケルと亜鉛を含み、亜鉛の前記粗化粒子層への付着量に対するニッケルの前記粗化粒子層への付着量の比(質量比)が0.5~20の範囲内の拡散防止被覆を有する銅箔であって、前記一表面側から測定した波長600nmにおける拡散反射率(Rd)が5~50%の範囲内及び彩度(C*)が30以下であることを特徴とする銅箔。
- 請求項1に記載の銅箔を有することを特徴とする銅張積層板。
- シュウ酸誘導体、サリチル酸誘導体、ヒドラジド誘導体、及びトリアゾール類から選ばれる少なくとも1種類以上の銅害防止剤を含むポリイミド樹脂層を、請求項1に記載の銅箔の前記一表面側に有する銅張積層板。
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