WO2016035201A1 - 絶縁電線及び巻線 - Google Patents
絶縁電線及び巻線 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016035201A1 WO2016035201A1 PCT/JP2014/073499 JP2014073499W WO2016035201A1 WO 2016035201 A1 WO2016035201 A1 WO 2016035201A1 JP 2014073499 W JP2014073499 W JP 2014073499W WO 2016035201 A1 WO2016035201 A1 WO 2016035201A1
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- Prior art keywords
- insulated wire
- coating layer
- insulating coating
- winding
- diameter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
- H01B7/0208—Cables with several layers of insulating material
- H01B7/0216—Two layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/303—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups H01B3/38 or H01B3/302
- H01B3/305—Polyamides or polyesteramides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/303—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups H01B3/38 or H01B3/302
- H01B3/306—Polyimides or polyesterimides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
- H01F27/32—Insulating of coils, windings, or parts thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F5/00—Coils
- H01F5/06—Insulation of windings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/30—Windings characterised by the insulating material
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an insulated wire and a winding made of the insulated wire.
- Inverters are used in many rotating machines as efficient variable speed voltage control devices. This type of inverter is controlled by a high-speed switching element of several kHz to several hundred kHz, and a high voltage surge voltage is generated when a voltage is applied.
- an enameled wire having an insulating film (enamel film) provided on a conductor is used as the material for forming the coil of the rotating machine using this inverter.
- Patent Document 4 discloses an invention aimed at reducing the height of a coil end portion of a stator winding of a rotating electrical machine.
- Recent motors have higher voltage than conventional ones due to control by inverters, and specifications such as high-speed switching have become mainstream. Therefore, it is necessary to design insulation considering partial discharge resistance.
- the winding wire wired as the coil end part is subjected to a coil forming process that is crushed or twisted to reduce the height of the coil end part, so that the insulating film of the enamel wire is applied.
- a large stress such as stretching, abrasion, and bending is applied to the. For this reason, after coil forming, a problem such as a crack or wrinkle in the insulation coating or an insulation film floating from the conductor (film floating) is likely to occur.
- the winding conductor becomes thicker, so that the amount of distortion applied to the winding during coil forming increases, and cracks and wrinkles are likely to occur.
- the insulating properties may be lower than before coil formation due to the occurrence of cracks and wrinkles in the insulating coating after coil formation and the occurrence of film floating.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an insulated wire (enameled wire) excellent in partial discharge resistance even after coil forming and a winding made of the insulated wire.
- the present invention provides the following insulated wires and windings made of the insulated wires.
- a conductor a first insulating coating layer made of a polyamide-imide resin containing inorganic fine particles dispersed immediately above the conductor, and a polyamide-imide provided on the outer periphery of the first insulating coating layer
- a second insulating coating layer made of a resin or a polyimide resin, and the first insulating coating layer when the insulated wire is stretched by 30% and wound around a winding rod by a method according to JISC 3216 “5.1.1”
- An insulated wire having a minimum winding double diameter that is not cracked is larger than 2d and smaller than 4d (d: outer diameter (self-diameter) of the insulated wire).
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of an insulated wire according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- An insulated wire 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a conductor 1, a first insulating coating layer 2 made of a polyamideimide resin containing inorganic fine particles dispersed immediately above the conductor 1, and a first And a second insulating coating layer 3 made of polyamideimide resin or polyimide resin provided on the outer periphery of the insulating coating layer 2, and the insulated wire is stretched and wound by 30% by a method in accordance with JISC 3216 “5.1.1”
- the minimum winding double diameter at which the first insulating coating layer 2 does not crack when wound on the rod is larger than 2d and smaller than 4d (d: outer diameter (self-diameter) of the insulated wire).
- Examples of the conductor 1 include a copper wire, an aluminum wire, a silver wire, a nickel wire, and a nickel-plated copper wire.
- the conductor 1 may be a flat conductor other than a round wire.
- the first insulating coating layer 2 functions as a partial discharge resistant layer that suppresses erosion of the insulating film due to inverter surge.
- the first insulating coating layer 2 is formed by repeatedly applying a partial discharge resistant insulating paint to the surface of the conductor 1 and baking it.
- This partial discharge resistant insulating paint is obtained by dispersing an organosol containing inorganic fine particles such as silica, alumina, titania, or zirconia in a resin paint made of a base resin made of polyamideimide and a solvent.
- dispersion solvent of the organosol used in the embodiment of the present invention examples include a dispersion solvent (main dispersion solvent) mainly composed of cyclic ketones having a boiling point ranging from 130 ° C. to 180 ° C.
- cyclic ketones examples include cycloheptanone (boiling point: 180 ° C.), cyclohexanone (boiling point: 156 ° C.), cyclopentanone (boiling point: 131 ° C.), and the like. At least one of these can be used. Further, a part or all of the cyclic structure such as 2-cyclohex-1-one may be unsaturated.
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is added to the above cyclic ketones for the purpose of improving the stability of an organosol or an insulating paint (partial discharge resistant paint) in which an organosol and a resin paint are mixed.
- N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC), and other solvents, aromatic hydrocarbons, or lower alcohols may be mixed.
- DMF N-dimethylformamide
- DMAC N-dimethylacetamide
- other solvents aromatic hydrocarbons, or lower alcohols
- the higher the mixing ratio of the dispersion solvent other than the cyclic ketones the worse the affinity with the polyamide-imide resin coating material. Therefore, among the total dispersion solvents in the organosilica sol, 70% by mass or more of the cyclic ketones is contained. It is desirable that
- the particle size of the inorganic fine particles in the organosol is preferably 100 nm or less as the average particle size by the BET method in order to effectively function the partial discharge resistance of the insulating coating. Considering the transparency of the organosol itself and the flexibility of the enamel wire, the average particle size is more preferably 30 nm or less.
- the organosol can be obtained, for example, by replacing a silica sol obtained by hydrolysis of alkoxysilane with a solvent, or by replacing a silica sol obtained by ion exchange of water glass.
- the organosol is not limited to the above production method, and may be produced using any known production method.
- Polyamideimide resin paint> As a polyamide-imide resin as a base for forming the first insulating coating layer 2, it is desirable to use a component having flexibility in the resin structure in consideration of the flexibility improvement effect.
- Polyamideimide resin is a synthetic reaction of two main components in a solvent, ie, an isocyanate component containing 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and an acid component containing trimellitic anhydride (TMA). Is obtained.
- MDI 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate
- TMA trimellitic anhydride
- Such a polyamidoimide resin coating is formed of molecular structure units arranged between amide bonds and imide bonds in a relatively regular manner, and has a slight crystallinity due to hydrogen bonds and ⁇ - ⁇ interactions.
- a biphenyl structure or the like that is easily oriented is introduced into the molecular skeleton, the solubility of the resin decreases even in the case of an NMP solvent, and in some cases, the resin may precipitate.
- solvent constituting the polyamide-imide resin coating examples include ⁇ -butyrolactone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC), dimethylimidazo Examples thereof include ridinone (DMI) and cyclic ketones, and one or more of these can be used.
- a cyclic ketone having a boiling point in the range of 130 ° C. to 180 ° C. is preferable to contain a cyclic ketone having a boiling point in the range of 130 ° C. to 180 ° C. as the solvent for the polyamide-imide resin paint.
- cyclic ketones used as the solvent for the polyamideimide resin paint for example, cycloheptanone (boiling point: 180 ° C.), cyclohexanone (boiling point: 156 ° C.), cyclopentanone (boiling point: boiling point: as in the case of the organosilica sol described above. 131 ° C.).
- cycloheptanone molecular weight: 180 ° C.
- cyclohexanone molethoxysilyl
- cyclopentanone boiling point: as in the case of the organosilica sol described above. 131 ° C.
- a part or all of the cyclic structure such as 2-cyclohex-1-one may be unsaturated.
- a method for obtaining a polyamide-imide resin paint by dissolving a polyamide-imide resin in a solvent containing cyclic ketones for example, a polyamide-imide resin paint synthesized in a solvent mainly composed of NMP is precipitated with ethanol or the like. After recovering only the resin component, it was obtained by redissolving in a solvent containing cyclic ketones, a method of directly synthesizing in a solvent containing cyclic ketones, or a synthesis in a low boiling point solvent such as DMF. Any known method such as a method of adding a cyclic ketone to a polyamide-imide resin paint and replacing the solvent by distillation may be used, and is not particularly limited.
- ⁇ -butyrolactone or cyclic ketones are less soluble in polyamideimide resin than NMP or the like, when dissolving polyamideimide resin in a solvent comprising ⁇ -butyrolactone or cyclic ketones, 4, 4 Polyamideimide resin mainly composed of '-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and trimellitic anhydride (TMA) is mixed with isocyanates other than MDI, tricarboxylic acids other than TMA, or tetracarboxylic acids with 4,4'-MDI.
- MDI '-diphenylmethane diisocyanate
- TMA trimellitic anhydride
- Isocyanates other than 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) used to reduce the crystallinity by disturbing the relatively regular arrangement depending on the raw material of the polyamide-imide resin include, for example, hexa Aliphatic diisocyanates such as methylene diisocyanate (HDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (H-MDI), xylylene diisocyanate (XDI), hydrogenated XDI, tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), diphenylsulfone diisocyanate ( SDI) and the like, and it is preferable to use these together with 4,4′-MDI.
- HDI methylene diisocyanate
- IPDI isophorone diisocyanate
- H-MDI dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate
- XDI xylylene diisocyan
- polyfunctional isocyanates such as triphenylmethane triisocyanate, polymeric isocyanates, multimers such as TDI, etc. may be used, and those containing TDI and 4,4′-MDI isomers. Can have the same effect.
- aromatic diisocyanates are desirable in order to maintain excellent properties such as heat resistance at 220 ° C. or higher and mechanical properties. Furthermore, it is desirable to use 2,4'-MDI together in order to minimize the change in the basic structure of the polyamideimide resin and improve the solubility and flexibility. When 2,4'-MDI is used in combination with 4,4'-MDI, it is desirable that 15 to 25 mol% of the total isocyanate component is 2,4'-MDI in a molar ratio.
- TMA trimellitic anhydride
- tetracarboxylic acids examples include 3,3 ′, 4,4′-diphenylsulfonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (DSDA) and 3,3 ′, 4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA).
- Aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides such as 4,4'-oxydiphthalic dianhydride (ODPA), butanetetracarboxylic dianhydride and 5- (2,5-dioxotetrahydro-3-furanyl)- And alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides such as 3-methyl-3-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride.
- tricarboxylic acids examples include tricarboxylic acids such as trimesic acid and tris (2-carboxyethyl) isocyanurate (CIC acid).
- aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides are desirable, and DSDA and BTDA are more desirable because of good solubility.
- tetracarboxylic dianhydrides having ester groups may be used in combination for the purpose of imparting flexibility, but the heat resistance and hydrolyzability are reduced. Is desirable.
- tetracarboxylic dianhydrides and tricarboxylic acids are used in combination with TMA, 1 to 10 mol% of the total acid components in terms of molar ratio are tetracarboxylic dianhydrides and / or tricarboxylic acids. Desirably, 1 to 5 mol% is more desirable.
- reaction catalyst During the synthesis of polyamide-imide resin paint, the stability of paints such as amines, imidazoles and imidazolines is not hindered in order to prevent the synthesis reactivity of polyamide-imide resin from decreasing.
- a reaction catalyst may be used.
- the second insulation coating layer 3 is formed by repeatedly applying and baking a general-purpose polyamideimide resin paint or polyimide resin paint on the surface of the first insulation coating layer 2.
- Insulated electric wire 10 is a slipper made of polyamideimide resin as a base resin on the outer periphery of second insulating coating layer 3 as necessary, in addition to first insulating coating layer 2 and second insulating coating layer 3.
- the layer which has property may be provided.
- the slipping layer is a slipping polyamideimide overcoat layer that is an outermost layer obtained by applying and baking a slipping polyamideimide coating obtained by adding a lubricant to a resin coating made of a polyamideimide resin.
- the slipping polyamideimide overcoat layer can be provided by a known material / method.
- Insulated wire 10 does not cause cracks in first insulating coating layer 2 when the insulated wire is stretched by 30% and wound around a winding rod by a method based on JISC 3216 “5.1.1”.
- the minimum winding double diameter is larger than 2d and smaller than 4d (d: outer diameter of the insulated wire (self-diameter)).
- the minimum winding double diameter is 2.5d to 3.5d.
- the minimum winding double diameter that does not cause cracking is preferably larger than 1d and smaller than 3d, and is preferably 1.5d to 2.5d. It is more preferable that
- the insulated wire 10 is characterized in that the BVD residual rate when the pressing rate is 40% is 87% or more compared to the initial state (the state before pressing).
- the insulated wire 10 has the remaining Vt characteristics (applied voltage 1.0 kVrms, sine wave 10 kHz, time until dielectric breakdown under normal temperature measurement conditions) when the pressing rate is 40%.
- the rate is 30% or more compared to the initial stage (state before pressing).
- the residual rate of the Vt characteristic (same condition as above) when the pressing rate is 30% is 50% or more compared to the initial value, and the Vt characteristic when the pressing rate is 20% (above)
- the remaining rate of the same condition is 70% or more compared to the initial value.
- Winding The winding according to the embodiment of the present invention is characterized by comprising the insulated wire 10 according to the above-described embodiment of the present invention.
- the winding according to the embodiment of the present invention is suitable as a winding used for a coil of an electric device such as a motor.
- the insulation film can improve the flexibility of the insulating film, and the resistance to partial discharge after forming a coil incorporated in an electric device is less likely to be lower than that before forming the coil. A winding made of the insulated wire is obtained. Further, the manufacturing cost can be reduced in that the above effect can be obtained without providing a specific adhesion layer as in Patent Document 3 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2012-204270).
- the second insulating coating layer 3 provided on the outer periphery of the first insulating coating layer 2 serves as a stress relaxation layer that relieves the stress generated in the first insulating coating layer 2 when the film is stretched or bent. Therefore, even if the coil is formed so that the height of the coil end portion is made lower than before due to the miniaturization of the motor, a winding with good partial discharge resistance can be obtained.
- Example 1 An organosilica sol (containing 30 phr of silica with an average particle diameter of ⁇ 30 nm) on a copper wire with a conductor diameter of ⁇ 0.80 mm, a highly flexible polyamide-imide resin paint, 80% of the dispersion solvent is cyclohexanone, and 20% is ⁇ -butyrolactone.
- the mixed partial discharge resistant paint was applied at a thickness of 30 ⁇ m and baked to form the first insulating coating layer 2 which is a partial discharge resistant layer.
- a resin paint made of polyamide-imide resin is applied on the first insulating coating layer 2 to a thickness of 5 ⁇ m and baked to form the second insulating coating layer 3, and the insulated wire (enameled wire) of Example 1 is formed. Obtained.
- Example 2 A first insulating coating layer 2 and a second insulating coating layer 3 were formed on a copper wire having a conductor diameter of ⁇ 0.80 mm in the same manner as in Example 1. Furthermore, the insulating wire of Example 2 (enamel) was applied on the second insulating coating layer 3 by applying a slidable polyamideimide coating obtained by adding a lubricant to a resin coating made of polyamideimide resin at a thickness of 3 ⁇ m and baking it. Line).
- the test was conducted by the same test method as the flexibility test (non-extension), and the minimum winding double diameter at which no crack was observed in the insulating film (first insulating coating layer 2) was measured using an optical microscope. .
- the flexibility test (30% elongation), the insulated wire was elongated by 30% by a method in accordance with “JISC 3216“ 5.1.1 ”winding”.
- the test was conducted by the same test method as the flexibility test (non-extension), and the minimum winding double diameter at which no crack was observed in the insulating film (first insulating coating layer 2) was measured using an optical microscope. . It can be said that the smaller the minimum winding double diameter, the better the flexibility.
- BDV characteristic test method A BDV test based on JIS3216C4.4.1 was performed on the samples obtained by pressing the twisted pairs manufactured using Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 in accordance with each press rate.
- the press ratio was set to three conditions of 20, 30 and 40%, and the BDV residual ratio with respect to the initial stage (before pressing) was obtained.
- Example 1 had a residual rate of 87%, which was higher than the residual rate of 75% of Comparative Example 1 having a similar film structure. Further, in Example 2 at a pressing rate of 40%, the remaining rate was 90%, which was higher than the remaining rate of 80% in Comparative Example 2 having the same film structure. Thus, Examples 1 and 2 gave superior results under severe press conditions.
- Vt characteristic test method Similarly to the BDV test, a Vt characteristic test was performed using a sample obtained by pressing the twisted pair manufactured using Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 in accordance with each pressing rate. The pressing rate was set to three conditions of 20, 30 and 40%, and the Vt residual rate with respect to the initial stage (before pressing) was obtained. Evaluation was made by a Vt characteristic (withstand voltage life characteristic) test of an insulated wire in an initial state, an insulated wire in a press rate of 20%, an insulated wire in a press rate of 30%, and an insulated wire in a press rate of 40%.
- the measurement was performed at room temperature as the measurement conditions of an applied voltage of 1.0 kVrms and a sine wave of 10 kHz. From the time until dielectric breakdown, the V in each pressed state relative to the initial state (before pressing) The -t residual rate was calculated.
- Vt characteristic test results As is clear from Table 1 below, Examples 1 and 2 have a difference in residual Vt of more than twice that of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 at any of the press ratios of 20%, 30%, and 40%. The Vt characteristics were found to be excellent.
- the insulated wires according to Examples 1 and 2 are superior to Comparative Examples 1 and 2 in flexibility after elongation, BDV characteristics, and Vt characteristics. It can be understood that. Therefore, the insulated wires of Examples 1 and 2 are insulation that can be used without greatly reducing the partial discharge resistance even when stress is applied due to severe coil forming processing in an electric device such as an inverter motor and a transformer. It becomes an electric wire.
- this invention is not limited to the said embodiment and Example, Various deformation
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Abstract
Description
[2]プレス率40%とした場合のBVD残率が、初期(プレス前の状態)に比べて87%以上である前記[1]に記載の絶縁電線。
[3]プレス率40%とした場合のV-t特性(印加電圧1.0kVrms、正弦波10kHz、常温の測定条件における絶縁破壊するまでの時間)の残率が、初期(プレス前の状態)に比べて30%以上である前記[1]又は前記[2]に記載の絶縁電線。
[4]前記第2絶縁被覆層の外周に、ポリアミドイミド樹脂をベース樹脂とした滑性を有する層が設けられている前記[1]~[3]のいずれか1つに記載の絶縁電線。
[5]前記[1]~[4]のいずれか1つに記載の絶縁電線からなる巻線。
図1は、本発明の実施の形態に係る絶縁電線の一例を示す横断面図である。
本発明の実施の形態に係る絶縁電線10は、導体1と、導体1の直上に設けられた無機微粒子が分散して含有されているポリアミドイミド樹脂からなる第1絶縁被覆層2と、第1絶縁被覆層2の外周に設けられたポリアミドイミド樹脂又はポリイミド樹脂からなる第2絶縁被覆層3とを備え、JISC 3216「5.1.1」に準拠した方法で絶縁電線を30%伸長し巻き付け棒へ巻き付けた際の第1絶縁被覆層2に亀裂が生じない最小巻き付け倍径が2dより大であって4dより小(d:絶縁電線の外径(自己径))である。
第1絶縁被覆層2は、インバータサージによる絶縁皮膜の侵食を抑制する耐部分放電性層として機能する。第1絶縁被覆層2は、耐部分放電性絶縁塗料を導体1の表面に繰り返し塗布し、焼付けすることで形成される。この耐部分放電性絶縁塗料は、ポリアミドイミドからなるベース樹脂と溶媒とからなる樹脂塗料に、シリカ、アルミナ、チタニア、あるいはジルコニアなどの無機微粒子を含むオルガノゾルが分散されてなるものである。
本発明の実施形態で用いられるオルガノゾルの分散溶媒としては、例えば130℃から180℃までの範囲の沸点を有する環状ケトン類を主成分とする分散溶媒(主分散溶媒)が挙げられる。
第1絶縁被覆層2を形成するためのベースとなるポリアミドイミド樹脂としては、可とう性向上効果を考慮して、樹脂構造に屈曲性を含んだ成分を用いることが望ましい。ポリアミドイミド樹脂は、溶媒中で主に2成分、すなわち4,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート(MDI)などを含むイソシアネート成分と、トリメリット酸無水物(TMA)などを含む酸成分とを合成反応させることにより得られる。
ポリアミドイミド樹脂の原料に依存する比較的規則的な配列を乱して結晶性を低減するために用いる4,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート(MDI)以外のイソシアネート類としては、例えば、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート(HDI)、イソホロンジイソシアネート(IPDI)、ジシクロヘキシルメタンジイソシアネート(H-MDI)、キシシレンジイソシアネート(XDI)、水添XDIなどの脂肪族ジイソシアネート類や、トリレンジイソシアネート(TDI)、ジフェニルスルホンジイソシアネート(SDI)などの芳香族ジイソシアネート類などが挙げられ、これらを4,4’-MDIと併用することが好ましい。また、このような他のイソシアネート成分として、トリフェニルメタントリイソシアネートなどの多官能イソシアネートやポリメリックイソシアネート、TDIなどの多量体などでも良く、また、TDIや4,4’-MDIの異性体を含むものも同じ効果をもたらすことができる。
ポリアミドイミド樹脂の原料に依存する比較的規則的な配列を乱して結晶性を低減するために用いるトリメリット酸無水物(TMA)以外の他の酸成分としては、テトラカルボン酸類、あるいはトリカルボン酸類が挙げられる。
ポリアミドイミド樹脂塗料の合成時においては、ポリアミドイミド樹脂の合成反応性が低下するのを防止することを目的として、アミン類やイミダゾール類、イミダゾリン類などの塗料の安定性を阻害しない反応触媒を使用しても良い。
第2絶縁被覆層3は、汎用のポリアミドイミド樹脂塗料又はポリイミド樹脂塗料を第1絶縁被覆層2の表面に繰り返し塗布し、焼付けすることで形成される。
本実施の形態に係る絶縁電線10は、第1絶縁被覆層2及び第2絶縁被覆層3以外に、必要に応じて、第2絶縁被覆層3の外周にポリアミドイミド樹脂をベース樹脂とした滑性を有する層が設けられていてもよい。
本実施の形態に係る絶縁電線10は、JISC 3216「5.1.1」に準拠した方法で絶縁電線を30%伸長し巻き付け棒へ巻き付けた際の第1絶縁被覆層2に亀裂が生じない最小巻き付け倍径が2dより大であって4dより小(d:絶縁電線の外径(自己径))であることを特徴とする。好ましくは、最小巻き付け倍径が2.5d~3.5dである。また、同様の方法で20%伸長した場合の第1絶縁被覆層2に亀裂が生じない最小巻き付け倍径が1dより大であって3dより小であることが好ましく、1.5d~2.5dであることがより好ましい。
本実施の形態に係る絶縁電線10は、プレス率40%とした場合のBVD残率が、初期(プレス前の状態)に比べて87%以上であることを特徴とする。
本発明の実施の形態に係る巻線は、上記本発明の実施の形態に係る絶縁電線10からなることを特徴とする。
本発明の実施の形態によれば、絶縁皮膜の可とう性向上が得られるとともに、例えば電気機器に組み込まれるコイル成形後における耐部分放電性能が、コイル成形前に比べて低下しにくい絶縁電線及び当該絶縁電線からなる巻線が得られる。また、前述の特許文献3(特開2012-204270)のように特定の密着層を設けなくても上記効果が得られる点で製造コストの低減が可能となる。
導体径φ0.80mmの銅線上に、高可とう性ポリアミドイミド樹脂塗料に、分散溶媒の80%がシクロヘキサノン、20%がγ-ブチロラクトンであるオルガノシリカゾル(平均粒子径φ30nmのシリカを30phr含む)が混合されてなる耐部分放電性塗料を厚さ30μmで塗布し、焼き付けることで耐部分放電性層である第1絶縁被覆層2を形成した。高可とう性ポリアミドイミド樹脂塗料としては、溶媒の80%がγ-ブチロラクトン、15%がNMP、5%がシクロヘキサノンであるポリアミドイミド樹脂塗料(4,4'- MDI/2,4'- MDI=85/15の配合比(モル%、以下同じ)であるイソシアネート成分:酸成分としてのTMA=50:50の配合比で配合)を用いた。第1絶縁被覆層2の上にポリアミドイミド樹脂からなる樹脂塗料を厚さ5μmで塗布し、焼付けすることで第2絶縁被覆層3を形成して、実施例1の絶縁電線(エナメル線)を得た。
導体径φ0.80mmの銅線上に、実施例1と同様にして第1絶縁被覆層2及び第2絶縁被覆層3を形成した。更に第2絶縁被覆層3の上にポリアミドイミド樹脂からなる樹脂塗料に滑剤が添加されてなる滑性ポリアミドイミド塗料を厚さ3μmで塗布し、焼き付けすることで、実施例2の絶縁電線(エナメル線)を得た。
上記実施例1の絶縁電線(エナメル線)と異なるところは、第1絶縁被覆層2を形成するベースとなるポリアミドイミド樹脂のイソシアネート成分と酸成分の各配合比である。すなわち、ポリアミドイミド樹脂塗料として、溶媒の80%がγ-ブチロラクトン、15%がNMP、5%がシクロヘキサノンであるポリアミドイミド樹脂塗料(4,4'- MDI/2,4'- MDI=90/10の配合比であるイソシアネート成分:酸成分としてのTMA=50:50の配合比で配合)を用いた。
それ以外は実施例1と同様にして比較例1の絶縁電線(エナメル線)を得た。
上記実施例2の絶縁電線(エナメル線)と異なるところは、第1絶縁被覆層2を形成するベースとなるポリアミドイミド樹脂のイソシアネート成分と酸成分の各配合比である。すなわち、ポリアミドイミド樹脂塗料として、溶媒の80%がγ-ブチロラクトン、15%がNMP、5%がシクロヘキサノンであるポリアミドイミド樹脂塗料(4,4'- MDI/2,4'- MDI=90/10の配合比であるイソシアネート成分:酸成分としてのTMA=50:50の配合比で配合)を用いた。
それ以外は実施例2と同様にして比較例2の絶縁電線(エナメル線)を得た。
実施例及び比較例の絶縁電線について、以下の条件で可とう性及びV-t特性の試験を行い、これらの特性について評価した。この特性試験結果を下記表1にまとめて示す。
可とう性試験(無伸長)は、伸長していない絶縁電線を、当該絶縁電線の導体径の1~10倍の直径を有する巻き付け棒へ「JISC 3216「5.1.1」巻付け」に準拠した方法で巻き付け、光学顕微鏡を用いて絶縁皮膜(第1絶縁被覆層2)に亀裂の発生が見られない最小巻き付け倍径を測定した。
可とう性試験(20%伸長)は、「JISC 3216「5.1.1」巻付け」に準拠した方法で絶縁電線を20%伸長した。その後、可とう性試験(無伸長)と同様の試験方法で試験を行い、光学顕微鏡を用いて絶縁皮膜(第1絶縁被覆層2)に亀裂の発生が見られない最小巻き付け倍径を測定した。
可とう性試験(30%伸長)は、「JISC 3216「5.1.1」巻付け」に準拠した方法で絶縁電線を30%伸長した。その後、可とう性試験(無伸長)と同様の試験方法で試験を行い、光学顕微鏡を用いて絶縁皮膜(第1絶縁被覆層2)に亀裂の発生が見られない最小巻き付け倍径を測定した。
最小巻き付け倍径が小さいほど、可とう性に優れているといえる。
下記表1から明らかなように、無伸長状態の絶縁電線では、実施例1、2及び比較例1、2とも、亀裂を発生しない最小巻き付け倍径が自己径(1d)であった。
まず、実施例1、2及び比較例1、2で得た絶縁電線(エナメル線)を用いて、ツイストペアを製作した。そして、コイルエンド部がプレスされた状態を想定するため、製作したツイストペアの撚合わせ部を潰した。ツイストペアの撚合わせ部を潰したときのプレス率は、プレス前後の寸法から下記の計算式で表すものとする。
プレス率(%)={(プレス前の寸法-プレス後の寸法)/プレス前の寸法}×100
BDV(絶縁破壊電圧:Break Down Voltage)試験及びV-t特性(印加電圧-時間特性)試験は、上記ツイストペアを用いて行った。
実施例1、2及び比較例1、2を用いて製作したツイストペアを各プレス率に合わせてプレスした試料でJIS3216C4.4.1に準拠したBDV試験を実施した。プレス率は20、30、40%の3条件とし、初期(プレス前)に対するBDV残率を求めた。
下記表1より、プレス率20%、30%においては実施例、比較例ともに大きな差は見られなかった。
一方、プレス率40%においては、実施例1が残率87%となり、同様の皮膜構造である比較例1の残率75%より高い結果となった。また、プレス率40%における実施例2は残率が90%となり、同様の皮膜構造である比較例2の残率80%より高い結果となった。
これにより、プレスが厳しい条件において、実施例1及び2は優位な結果となった。
BDV試験と同様に実施例1、2及び比較例1、2を用いて製作したツイストペアを各プレス率に合わせてプレスした試料を用いてV-t特性試験を実施した。プレス率は20、30、40%の3条件とし、初期(プレス前)に対するV-t残率を求めた。
初期状態の絶縁電線、プレス率20%状態の絶縁電線、プレス率30%状態の絶縁電線、更にプレス率40%状態の絶縁電線のV-t特性(耐電圧寿命特性)試験により評価した。このV-t特性試験の測定条件として、印加電圧1.0kVrms、正弦波10kHzの測定条件として常温中で実施し、絶縁破壊するまでの時間から、初期(プレス前)に対する各プレス状態でのV-t残率を算出した。
下記表1から明らかなように、実施例1及び2は、プレス率20%、30%、40%のいずれにおいて、比較例1及び2に比べてV-t残率が2倍以上の差となり、V-t特性が優れていることが分かった。
下記表1の特性試験の結果から総合的にみて、実施例1及び2に係る絶縁電線は、比較例1及び2に比べて伸長後の可とう性、及びBDV特性、V-t特性が優位であることが理解できる。よって、実施例1、2の絶縁電線は、例えばインバータモータ、及び変圧器等の電気機器において、厳しいコイル成形加工によりストレスが加わったとしても、耐部分放電性が大きく低下することなく使用できる絶縁電線となる。
3:汎用ポリアミドイミド層もしくは汎用ポリイミド層
Claims (5)
- 導体と、前記導体の直上に設けられた無機微粒子が分散して含有されているポリアミドイミド樹脂からなる第1絶縁被覆層と、前記第1絶縁被覆層の外周に設けられたポリアミドイミド樹脂又はポリイミド樹脂からなる第2絶縁被覆層とを備え、
JISC 3216「5.1.1」に準拠した方法で絶縁電線を30%伸長し巻き付け棒へ巻き付けた際の前記第1絶縁被覆層に亀裂が生じない最小巻き付け倍径が2dより大であって4dより小(d:絶縁電線の外径(自己径))である絶縁電線。 - プレス率40%とした場合のBVD残率が、初期(プレス前の状態)に比べて87%以上である請求項1に記載の絶縁電線。
- プレス率40%とした場合のV-t特性(印加電圧1.0kVrms、正弦波10kHz、常温の測定条件における絶縁破壊するまでの時間)の残率が、初期(プレス前の状態)に比べて30%以上である請求項1又は2に記載の絶縁電線。
- 前記第2絶縁被覆層の外周に、ポリアミドイミド樹脂をベース樹脂とした滑性を有する層が設けられている請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の絶縁電線。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の絶縁電線からなる巻線。
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| PCT/JP2014/073499 WO2016035201A1 (ja) | 2014-09-05 | 2014-09-05 | 絶縁電線及び巻線 |
| CN201480072980.4A CN105900183A (zh) | 2014-09-05 | 2014-09-05 | 绝缘电线及绕线 |
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| CN107958729B (zh) * | 2017-11-16 | 2019-10-25 | 安徽天大铜业有限公司 | 一种双层抗锈电磁线及其制备方法 |
| DE102018202058A1 (de) | 2018-02-09 | 2019-08-14 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Formulierung zur Herstellung eines Isolationssystems, elektrische Maschine und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Isolationssystems |
| DE102018202061A1 (de) | 2018-02-09 | 2019-08-14 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Isolation, elektrische Maschine und Verfahren zur Herstellung der Isolation |
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| WO2020240823A1 (ja) * | 2019-05-31 | 2020-12-03 | 昭和電工マテリアルズ株式会社 | 電気絶縁樹脂組成物、及び電気絶縁体 |
| CN115458212B (zh) * | 2022-09-15 | 2024-07-12 | 远方电缆集团有限公司 | 一种电缆用绝缘耐压材料及其制备方法 |
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