WO2016018830A1 - Systems and methods for fast charging batteries at low temperatures - Google Patents

Systems and methods for fast charging batteries at low temperatures Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016018830A1
WO2016018830A1 PCT/US2015/042304 US2015042304W WO2016018830A1 WO 2016018830 A1 WO2016018830 A1 WO 2016018830A1 US 2015042304 W US2015042304 W US 2015042304W WO 2016018830 A1 WO2016018830 A1 WO 2016018830A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
charging
voltage
current
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2015/042304
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Chao-Yang Wang
Yan JI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EC Power LLC
Original Assignee
EC Power LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EC Power LLC filed Critical EC Power LLC
Priority to EP15826723.7A priority Critical patent/EP3195445B1/en
Priority to CN201580052062.XA priority patent/CN106797128B/zh
Priority to ES15826723T priority patent/ES2856686T3/es
Priority to KR1020177005548A priority patent/KR102213020B1/ko
Priority to JP2017504377A priority patent/JP6599975B2/ja
Publication of WO2016018830A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016018830A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/443—Methods for charging or discharging in response to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
    • H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
    • H02J7/007194—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature of the battery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/92—Hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/30—Sensors
    • B60Y2400/302—Temperature sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/30—Sensors
    • B60Y2400/308—Electric sensors
    • B60Y2400/3084—Electric currents sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/30—Sensors
    • B60Y2400/308—Electric sensors
    • B60Y2400/3086—Electric voltages sensors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to systems and methods of charging batteries at low temperatures and in particular to fast charging batteries below normal operating temperatures of the batteries.
  • the system can include additional components, individually or in combination, such as one or more of a current sensor electrically connected to the battery and capable of measuring current flowing through the battery and/or one or more voltage sensors such as a voltage sensor electrically connected to the low-resistance terminal of the battery; and a voltage sensor electrically connected to the high-resistance terminal voltage of the battery.
  • the controller can receive inputs from the additional sensors and is programmed to determine whether to electrically engage the battery to the source of electrical current through either the low-resistance terminal or the high-resistance terminal through the switch based on inputs from some or all of the sensors.
  • the system can also include a generator electrically connected to the battery and capable of charging the battery. The generator can be used to capture kinetic energy, such as in regenerative braking in vehicles, and charge the battery with such energy.
  • FIG. 1C is a schematic of a four-terminal ohmically modulated battery wherein two tabs of a resistor sheet form two HiR(-) terminals independently from the LoR(-) terminal, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a method (CV LoR -CC) for low temperature charging according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • a rechargeable battery can have at least two levels of internal resistance which depend on the battery’s temperature.
  • the temperature of the battery can be the internal temperature or external surface temperature of the battery.
  • the rechargeable battery of the present embodiment can be configured to operate at a higher resistance level when the internal temperature of the battery is below an optimum temperature, e.g. below T 1 , thereby heating the battery and improving battery performance. For example, when the battery’s internal temperature is below a normal range, e.g.
  • an ohmically modulated rechargeable battery can include at least one negative terminal and at least one positive terminal for operating the battery at R 1 , e.g. at a low internal resistance level (LoR), above T 1 .
  • the ohmically modulated battery can also include at least one high resistance terminal for operating the battery at R 2 , e.g. at a high internal resistance level (HiR), when the battery temperature is below T 1 .
  • the high resistance terminal can either be an additional negative terminal (i.e., a HiR (-)) or an additional positive terminal (i.e., a HiR(+)).
  • the rechargeable battery of the present disclosure can be readily configured with conventional rechargeable battery components with minimal modification in certain embodiments, additionally including one or more high resistance terminals connected to one or more resistor sheets, for example.
  • the following figures illustrate certain embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the anode-separator-cathode-resistor sheet assembly can be placed in an appropriate package, e.g., in a casing of a pouch cell and filled with electrolyte.
  • the anode-separator-cathode-resistor sheet assembly is contained in casing 140.
  • the negative and positive terminals can be electrically connected to an external circuit 128a and 128b.
  • One of the HiR(-) terminals can be connected externally with the LoR(-) terminal, essentially reducing this 4-terminal battery into the 3-terminal battery shown in FIG.1B.
  • one of the HiR(-) terminals can be electrically connected to one of the HiR(-) terminals from an adjacent cell in a multi-cell battery or module, forming a serially connected plurality of resistor sheets. The plurality of resistor sheets can then be connected into a multi-cell circuit by using only one switch.
  • the controller is further capable of setting the battery to a high resistance level or a low resistance level based on the temperature of the battery in certain embodiments.
  • an ohmically modulated rechargeable battery can be charged under a low temperature charging protocol (LTCP) when the battery is in a high resistance mode, e.g., when the temperature of the battery is below a predetermined charge temperature (T CG1 ).
  • LTCP low temperature charging protocol
  • T CG1 predetermined charge temperature
  • the battery can be charged under another or a second protocol (e.g. a normal charging protocol that is used at normal operating temperatures) when the battery is in a low resistance mode.
  • controller 604 determines whether battery temperature T reaches the predetermined temperature T CG1 .
  • T ⁇ T CG1 i.e., when battery temperature rises to the predetermined level where normal charging is possible, low temperature charging stops. Otherwise, when T ⁇ T CG1 , the low temperature charging protocol continues and proceeds to step 803.
  • Step 1202 sets the magnitudes of charge and discharge voltage pulses.
  • the pulse voltage measured by voltage sensor 606, which is equal to the high-resistance terminal voltage 607 because battery is operated in the high resistance mode, is maintained at a constant level.
  • the voltage of the charge pulse ranges between about 5V and about 8V per cell
  • the voltage of the discharge pulse ranges between about 0.2V and about 1V per cell.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
PCT/US2015/042304 2014-07-28 2015-07-27 Systems and methods for fast charging batteries at low temperatures Ceased WO2016018830A1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15826723.7A EP3195445B1 (en) 2014-07-28 2015-07-27 Systems and methods for fast charging batteries at low temperatures
CN201580052062.XA CN106797128B (zh) 2014-07-28 2015-07-27 在低温下对电池快速充电的系统和方法
ES15826723T ES2856686T3 (es) 2014-07-28 2015-07-27 Sistemas y métodos para cargar rápidamente baterías a bajas temperaturas
KR1020177005548A KR102213020B1 (ko) 2014-07-28 2015-07-27 저온에서 배터리를 고속으로 충전하는 시스템 및 방법
JP2017504377A JP6599975B2 (ja) 2014-07-28 2015-07-27 電池を低温で高速充電するためのシステムおよび方法

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201462029865P 2014-07-28 2014-07-28
US62/029,865 2014-07-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016018830A1 true WO2016018830A1 (en) 2016-02-04

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2015/042304 Ceased WO2016018830A1 (en) 2014-07-28 2015-07-27 Systems and methods for fast charging batteries at low temperatures

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US10186887B2 (enExample)
EP (1) EP3195445B1 (enExample)
JP (1) JP6599975B2 (enExample)
KR (1) KR102213020B1 (enExample)
CN (1) CN106797128B (enExample)
ES (1) ES2856686T3 (enExample)
WO (1) WO2016018830A1 (enExample)

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US11367910B2 (en) 2018-04-16 2022-06-21 Ec Power, Llc Systems and method of battery charging assisted by heating
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US12015290B2 (en) 2020-10-30 2024-06-18 Techtronic Cordless Gp Battery pack with temperature limited current
CN114475260B (zh) * 2020-11-13 2023-07-14 比亚迪股份有限公司 能量回收方法、装置、电动汽车及存储介质
CN112670622A (zh) * 2020-12-22 2021-04-16 山东大学 一种基于恒流恒压充放电的低温锂离子电池交流预热方法
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JP7394888B2 (ja) * 2021-01-28 2023-12-08 寧徳時代新能源科技股▲分▼有限公司 充電方法及び電力変換装置
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KR102726227B1 (ko) * 2021-01-28 2024-11-05 컨템포러리 엠퍼렉스 테크놀로지 (홍콩) 리미티드 충전 방법, 전원 배터리의 배터리 관리 시스템 및 충전 파일
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EP3195445A1 (en) 2017-07-26
KR102213020B1 (ko) 2021-02-08
CN106797128A (zh) 2017-05-31
US10186887B2 (en) 2019-01-22
KR20170031250A (ko) 2017-03-20
JP6599975B2 (ja) 2019-10-30
EP3195445A4 (en) 2018-02-28
CN106797128B (zh) 2020-03-24
US20160023563A1 (en) 2016-01-28
ES2856686T3 (es) 2021-09-28
JP2017523756A (ja) 2017-08-17

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