WO2016015488A1 - 铝合金及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

铝合金及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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WO2016015488A1
WO2016015488A1 PCT/CN2015/076106 CN2015076106W WO2016015488A1 WO 2016015488 A1 WO2016015488 A1 WO 2016015488A1 CN 2015076106 W CN2015076106 W CN 2015076106W WO 2016015488 A1 WO2016015488 A1 WO 2016015488A1
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aluminum alloy
weight
total weight
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aluminum
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PCT/CN2015/076106
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French (fr)
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张法亮
文丹华
宫清
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比亚迪股份有限公司
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/04Modified aluminium-silicon alloys

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of material technology, and in particular to an aluminum alloy and a preparation method and application thereof.
  • the aluminum alloy has good processing performance, especially the hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy. It has good processing performance, light weight, beautiful surface and corrosion resistance, good casting performance, good comprehensive mechanical properties of the product, and can greatly improve the strength after heat treatment.
  • the cast aluminum alloy can be used to make complex shaped parts and is widely used in many fields. With the development of electronic products in the direction of thinner and more versatile, the requirements for heat dissipation performance are getting higher and higher. Therefore, high thermal conductivity cast aluminum alloy has important application prospects.
  • die-cast alloys are a common structural component.
  • ADC12 the most commonly used die-cast aluminum alloy is ADC12, which has good casting properties, mechanical strength and corrosion resistance, and is therefore widely used.
  • the alloy has a low thermal conductivity of only 92 W/(m ⁇ K), which cannot meet the heat dissipation requirements of existing electronic products.
  • the invention provides an aluminum alloy.
  • the aluminum alloy contains: based on the total weight of the aluminum alloy:
  • the invention provides an aluminum alloy.
  • the aluminum alloy contains: based on the total weight of the aluminum alloy:
  • a method of producing an aluminum alloy as described above comprising: melting an aluminum alloy material in a predetermined ratio to obtain an alloy liquid And casting the alloy liquid to obtain the aluminum alloy described above.
  • the invention provides the use of the aluminum alloy as a thermally conductive structural material.
  • the invention provides a thermally conductive structural member. According to an embodiment of the invention, it comprises the aluminum alloy previously described.
  • the aluminum alloy provided by the invention exhibits good comprehensive mechanical properties, not only has high strength and hardness, but also It has a high elongation and also has good casting properties.
  • the aluminum alloy of the present invention can be processed into structural members having various shapes and thicknesses by a die casting process. More importantly, the aluminum alloy provided by the invention has good thermal conductivity, and the thermal conductivity is generally 110 W/(m ⁇ K) or more, preferably 130 W/(m ⁇ K) or more, and even 140 W/( m ⁇ K) or more.
  • the aluminum alloy provided by the present invention is suitable as a structural material having high thermal conductivity performance, particularly as a structural member of an electronic product.
  • An aluminum alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention based on the total weight of the aluminum alloy, the aluminum alloy contains:
  • the aluminum alloy according to the present invention contains, in weight percentage, the following elements based on the total amount of the aluminum alloy:
  • the aluminum alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention contains a silicon element (Si).
  • Si silicon element
  • the inventors have found that the main function of silicon is to improve the fluidity of aluminum alloys.
  • the silicon grains have good chemical stability and high hardness (HV870-1050), and with the increase of silicon content in aluminum alloys, Improve the tensile strength and hardness of the alloy, so that the aluminum alloy has higher corrosion resistance and wear resistance than pure aluminum.
  • HV870-1050 high hardness
  • the aluminum alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention has a silicon element content of 4 to 9% by weight, preferably 5 to 7% by weight, based on the total weight of the aluminum alloy.
  • the aluminum alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention contains a copper element (Cu).
  • Cu copper element
  • the inventors have found that copper elements are mainly used in aluminum alloys to improve mechanical strength and corrosion resistance.
  • the addition of Cu to the Al-Si alloy results in the formation of an alpha solid solution, a CuAl 2 and a Si phase.
  • the ⁇ phase forms a two-phase eutectic with CuAl 2 and Si, respectively, and these three phases together can form a three-phase eutectic.
  • copper is dissolved as a strengthening phase in an aluminum matrix or in the form of a particulate compound, the strength and hardness of the aluminum alloy can be remarkably improved.
  • excessive copper will reduce the thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy.
  • the aluminum alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention has a copper element content of 0.5 to 1.5% by weight based on the total weight of the aluminum alloy.
  • the aluminum alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention contains iron element (Fe).
  • Fe iron element
  • the inventors have found that the most beneficial effect of iron is to reduce the sticking mode, form Al-Si-Fe-based crystallization with Si and Al, and contribute to dispersion strengthening.
  • the content of the iron element is 0.3% by weight or more based on the total weight of the aluminum alloy, the above effects can be exhibited.
  • the content of the iron element is 0.5% by weight or more based on the total weight of the aluminum alloy.
  • the content of iron element is 1 based on the total weight of the aluminum alloy
  • the weight % or less is preferably 0.9% by weight or less.
  • the aluminum alloy according to the present invention preferably contains a rare earth element.
  • the content of the rare earth element is 0.01% by weight or more based on the total weight of the aluminum alloy.
  • the aluminum alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention has a rare earth element content of 0.1% by weight or less, preferably 0.08% by weight or less, more preferably 0.05% by weight or less, based on the total weight of the aluminum alloy.
  • the type of the rare earth element in the present invention is not particularly limited, and the rare earth element may be Y, Sc, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb. And one or more of Lu.
  • the inventors have found that the introduction of a small amount of magnesium (Mg) into the aluminum alloy can refine the grains, significantly increase the strength and hardness of the alloy, reduce the tendency of the mold, and smooth the surface of the die casting.
  • the aluminum alloy according to the present invention preferably contains a magnesium element.
  • the content of the magnesium element is 0.05% by weight or more, preferably 0.1% by weight or more, based on the total weight of the aluminum alloy.
  • the presence of excess magnesium significantly reduces the thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy.
  • the aluminum alloy according to the present invention has a magnesium element content of 0.5% by weight or less, preferably 0.4% by weight or less, based on the total weight of the aluminum alloy.
  • the aluminum alloy according to the invention preferably contains a lanthanum element and/or a titanium element.
  • the content of the lanthanum element is 0.005% by weight or more, preferably 0.01% by weight or more, based on the total weight of the aluminum alloy.
  • the content of the cerium element is 0.05% by weight or less, preferably 0.03% by weight or less, and more preferably 0.02% by weight or less, based on the total weight of the aluminum alloy.
  • the content of the titanium element is 0.05% by weight or more, preferably 0.1% by weight or more, based on the total weight of the aluminum alloy.
  • the content of the titanium element is 0.3% by weight or less, preferably 0.2% by weight or less, based on the total weight of the aluminum alloy.
  • the aluminum alloy according to the present invention preferably contains a boron element.
  • the content of the boron element is 0.005% by weight or more, preferably 0.01% by weight or more, based on the total weight of the aluminum alloy.
  • the content of the boron element is 0.05% by weight or less, preferably 0.03% by weight or less, and more preferably 0.02% by weight or less, based on the total weight of the aluminum alloy.
  • the inventors have found that the introduction of an appropriate amount of zinc (Zn) in an aluminum alloy can improve the mechanical properties and casting properties of the aluminum alloy.
  • the aluminum alloy according to the present invention preferably contains a zinc element.
  • the content of the zinc element is 0.1% by weight or more, preferably 0.5% by weight or more, based on the total weight of the aluminum alloy.
  • the content of the zinc element is 10% by weight or less, preferably 8% by weight or less, based on the total weight of the aluminum alloy.
  • the aluminum alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention contains one or two or more elements selected from the group consisting of rare earth elements, magnesium, cerium, titanium, zinc, and boron. More preferably, the aluminum alloy of the present invention contains one or more of the following elements based on the total weight of the aluminum alloy,
  • the introduction of chromium (Cr) and zirconium (Zr) into the aluminum alloy also serves to refine the grains, but chromium and zirconium adversely affect the thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy.
  • the aluminum alloy according to the present invention has a chromium element content of 0.1% by weight or less, preferably 0.05% by weight or less, more preferably 0.02% by weight or less, and still more preferably 0.01% by weight or less, based on the total weight of the aluminum alloy.
  • the aluminum alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention has a zirconium element content of 0.1% by weight or less, preferably 0.05% by weight or less, based on the total weight of the aluminum alloy.
  • the aluminum alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention has a lithium element content of 0.1% by weight or less, preferably 0.05% by weight or less, more preferably 0.02% by weight or less, based on the total weight of the aluminum alloy.
  • the aluminum alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention has a vanadium element content of 0.005% by weight or less based on the total weight of the aluminum alloy.
  • the content of the manganese element in the aluminum alloy is 0.1% by weight or less, preferably 0.08% by weight or less, more preferably 0.05% by weight or less, and still more preferably 0.03% by weight or less, based on the total weight of the aluminum alloy.
  • the aluminum alloy according to the present invention allows the presence of small amounts of other metal elements such as Na, K, Be, Ca, Ba, Ga, In, Ge, Sn, Sb, Bi, Nb, Mo, W, Tc, Ru, Ni, Pd, One, two or more of Pt, Ag and Au.
  • the total amount of the above other metal elements is generally not more than 1% by weight, preferably not more than 0.5% by weight, more preferably not more than 0.2% by weight, based on the total weight of the aluminum alloy.
  • the other metal elements are generally derived from impurities in the alloy raw material when the alloy is prepared.
  • the content of the aluminum element (Al) may be adjusted depending on the amount of the alloying element.
  • the present invention also provides an aluminum alloy comprising, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the aluminum alloy based on the total weight of the aluminum alloy:
  • the aluminum alloy contains the following elements in terms of weight percent based on the total amount of the aluminum alloy:
  • the aluminum alloy may contain one or more of the other metal elements described above, or may not contain the other metal elements described above.
  • the invention also provides a method of making the aluminum alloy described above.
  • the method comprises: The aluminum alloy raw material is smelted in a predetermined ratio to obtain an alloy liquid; and the alloy liquid is cast to obtain the aluminum alloy described above.
  • the composition of the predetermined proportion of the aluminum alloy raw material is such that the obtained aluminum alloy is the aluminum alloy of the invention.
  • the aluminum alloy provided by the invention not only has good comprehensive mechanical properties, but also has a yield strength of more than 150 MPa, generally between 150 and 190 MPa, an elongation of more than 2%, generally between 2 and 5%, and an excellent Thermal conductivity, thermal conductivity can reach 110W / (m ⁇ K) or more, preferably between 135-165W / (m ⁇ K).
  • the aluminum alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention is particularly suitable as a thermally conductive structural material for preparing a thermally conductive structural member such as a structural member of various electronic products.
  • the present invention also provides the use of the aluminum alloy described above as a thermally conductive structural material, and a thermally conductive structural member comprising the aluminum alloy previously described.
  • the hardness, yield strength, elongation and thermal conductivity of the prepared aluminum alloy were measured by the following methods, respectively.
  • Aluminum alloy raw materials were prepared according to the composition of Table 1.
  • the aluminum alloy raw material was smelted into an ingot, and the obtained ingot was subjected to metal casting on a 160T cold die casting machine to obtain a die-cast body of the aluminum alloy of the present invention.
  • the melting temperature is 750 ° C
  • the injection speed is 2 m / s
  • the mold temperature is 200 ° C
  • the casting size is 200 mm ⁇ 30 mm ⁇ 3 mm.
  • a die cast of an aluminum alloy was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the aluminum alloy raw material was prepared in accordance with the composition of Table 1.
  • a die cast of an aluminum alloy was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the aluminum alloy raw material was prepared in accordance with the composition of Table 1.
  • Comparing Examples 1, 5, 12 and 15 with Comparative Example 7 it can be seen that the presence of manganese in the aluminum alloy has a negative influence on the thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy, and the content of manganese in the aluminum alloy should be controlled. Comparing Examples 7 and 8 with Comparative Example 9, it can be seen that the introduction of vanadium element in the aluminum alloy has an adverse effect on the thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy, and the content of vanadium element in the aluminum alloy should be controlled. Comparing Examples 1 and 9 with Comparative Example 10, it is seen that the presence of lithium element has a negative influence on the thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy, and the content of lithium element in the aluminum alloy should be controlled. Comparing Examples 2, 6 and 7 with Comparative Example 8, it can be seen that the introduction of chromium in the aluminum alloy has an adverse effect on the thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy, and the content of chromium in the aluminum alloy should be controlled.
  • the unit is based on the total weight of the aluminum alloy, the weight percentage of the element, and the balance is aluminum.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

一种铝合金及其制备方法和应用。所述铝合金含有硅4-9重量%,铜0.5-1.5重量%,铁0.3-1重量%,稀土元素0-0.1重量%,钛0-0.3重量%,镁0-0.5重量%,硼0-0.05重量%,锰0-0.1重量%,锆0-0.1重量%,铬0-0.1重量%,锌0-10重量%,锶0-0.05重量%,锂0-0.1重量%,钒0-0.005重量%和铝77.095-95.2重量%。

Description

铝合金及其制备方法和应用 技术领域
本发明涉及材料技术领域,具体地,涉及铝合金及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
铝合金加工性能好,尤其是亚共晶铝硅合金,不仅加工性能好,而且比重轻,表面美观且耐腐蚀,铸造性能好,制品综合力学性能好,热处理后强度可以大幅度提高,是优良的铸造铝合金,可用于制作形状复杂的部件,在许多领域中得到广泛应用。随着电子产品向轻薄化和多功能化的方向发展,对散热性能的要求越来越高,因此,高热导率铸造铝合金具有重要的应用前景。
电子产品通常需要复杂精密的结构件,因此压铸合金成为常用的结构件。然而,目前最常用的压铸铝合金是ADC12,该合金具有良好的铸造性能、机械强度及耐蚀性能,因此得到广泛应用。但该合金的热导率较低,只有92W/(m·K),不能满足现有电子产品散热要求。
然而,目前的铝合金仍有待改进。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种铝合金,该铝合金具有良好的综合机械性能或高的导热性能。
根据本发明的第一个方面,本发明提供了一种铝合金。根据本发明的实施例,基于该铝合金的总重量,该铝合金含有:
Figure PCTCN2015076106-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2015076106-appb-000002
根据本发明的第二个方面,本发明提供了一种铝合金。根据本发明的实施例,基于该铝合金的总重量,该铝合金含有:
Figure PCTCN2015076106-appb-000003
根据本发明的第三个方面,本发明提供了一种制备前面所述的铝合金的方法,根据本发明的实施例,该方法包括:将铝合金原料按照预定比例进行熔炼,以便获得合金液;以及将合金液进行铸造,以便获得前面所述的铝合金。
根据本发明的第四个方面,本发明提供了所述铝合金作为导热结构材料的应用。
根据本发明的第五个方面,本发明提供了一种导热结构件。根据本发明的实施例,其包含前面所述的铝合金。
本发明提供的铝合金显示出良好的综合机械性能,不仅具有较高的强度和硬度,而且 具有较高的延伸率,同时还具有良好的铸造性能。本发明的铝合金通过压铸工艺能够被加工成具有各种形状和厚薄的结构元件。更重要的是,本发明提供的铝合金具有良好的导热性能,导热系数一般为110W/(m·K)以上,优选条件下能够达到130W/(m·K)以上,甚至能够达到140W/(m·K)以上。
本发明提供的铝合金适于作为对导热性能要求较高的结构材料,特别是作为电子产品的结构件。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例。下面描述的实施例是示例性的,仅用于解释本发明,而不能理解为对本发明的限制。实施例中未注明具体技术或条件的,按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件或者按照产品说明书进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市购获得的常规产品。
根据本发明实施例的铝合金,基于该铝合金的总重量,该铝合金含有:
Figure PCTCN2015076106-appb-000004
换句话说,根据本发明的铝合金,以该铝合金的总量为基准,以重量百分比计,该铝合金含有以下元素:
Figure PCTCN2015076106-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2015076106-appb-000006
根据本发明实施例的铝合金含有硅元素(Si)。发明人发现,硅元素的主要作用是改善铝合金的流动性,此外,硅晶粒的化学稳定性好且具有较高的硬度(HV870-1050),随铝合金中硅元素含量的增加,能够提高合金的抗拉强度及硬度,使铝合金具有比纯铝更高的耐蚀性和耐磨性。但是,发明人在实验过程中发现,铝合金中硅元素含量过高时,对铝合金的导热性能产生不利影响。根据本发明实施例的铝合金,基于铝合金的总重量,硅元素的含量为4-9重量%,优选为5-7重量%。
根据本发明实施例的铝合金含有铜元素(Cu)。发明人发现,铜元素在铝合金中主要用于改善机械强度及抗腐蚀性能。Cu加入到Al-Si合金中会形成α固溶体、CuAl2和Si相。α相分别与CuAl2和Si构成两相共晶体,同时这三个相又可共同构成三相共晶体。当铜作为强化相固溶于铝基体中或以颗粒状化合物存在时,可显著提高铝合金的强度和硬度。但是,过量铜会降低铝合金的导热性能。根据本发明实施例的铝合金,基于铝合金的总重量,铜元素的含量为0.5-1.5重量%。
根据本发明实施例的铝合金含有铁元素(Fe)。发明人发现,铁最主要的有益作用是减少粘模,与Si和Al形成Al-Si-Fe系晶析物,有助于分散强化。基于铝合金的总重量,铁元素的含量为0.3重量%以上时,可以发挥上述效果。优选地,基于铝合金的总重量,铁元素的含量为0.5重量%以上。但是,在铁元素的含量过高时,则会对铝合金的机械性能和导热性能产生不利影响。根据本发明的铝合金,基于铝合金的总重量,铁元素的含量为1 重量%以下,优选为0.9重量%以下。
发明人在研究过程中发现,在铝合金中添加稀土元素(RE)可以细化晶粒,减少气体和夹杂,改善流动性和铸造工艺性。根据本发明的铝合金优选含有稀土元素。一般地,基于铝合金的总重量,稀土元素的含量为0.01重量%以上。但是,在铝合金中稀土元素的含量过高时,会对铝合金的机械强度和导热性能产生不利影响。根据本发明实施例的铝合金,基于铝合金的总重量,稀土元素的含量为0.1重量%以下,优选为0.08重量%以下,更优选为0.05重量%以下。本发明对于所述稀土元素的种类没有特别限定,所述稀土元素可以为Y、Sc、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb和Lu中的一种或两种以上。
发明人发现,在铝合金中引入少量镁(Mg)可以细化晶粒,显著提高合金强度、硬度,减少粘模的倾向,使压铸件表面光滑。根据本发明的铝合金优选含有镁元素。一般地,基于铝合金的总重量,镁元素的含量为0.05重量%以上,优选为0.1重量%以上。但是,过量镁元素的存在会明显降低铝合金的导热性能。根据本发明的铝合金,基于铝合金的总重量,镁元素的含量为0.5重量%以下,优选为0.4重量%以下。
另外,发明人还发现,在铝合金中引入少量锶元素(Sr)和/或钛元素(Ti)可以起到细化晶粒的作用,改善铝合金的塑性变形能力。根据本发明的铝合金优选含有锶元素和/或钛元素。一般地,基于铝合金的总重量,锶元素的含量为0.005重量%以上,优选为0.01重量%以上。基于铝合金的总重量,锶元素的含量为0.05重量%以下,优选为0.03重量%以下,更优选为0.02重量%以下。基于铝合金的总重量,钛元素的含量为0.05重量%以上,优选为0.1重量%以上。基于铝合金的总重量,钛元素的含量为0.3重量%以下,优选为0.2重量%以下。
实验过程中,发明人发现在铝合金中引入少量硼元素(B)也可以起到细化晶粒的作用,同时还能进一步改善铝合金的导热性能。根据本发明的铝合金优选含有硼元素。一般地,基于铝合金的总重量,硼元素的含量为0.005重量%以上,优选为0.01重量%以上。基于铝合金的总重量,硼元素的含量为0.05重量%以下,优选为0.03重量%以下,更优选为0.02重量%以下。
发明人发现,在铝合金中引入适量的锌元素(Zn)能够改善铝合金的机械性能和铸造性能。根据本发明的铝合金优选含有锌元素。一般地,基于铝合金的总重量,锌元素的含量为0.1重量%以上,优选为0.5重量%以上。但是,过量锌元素的存在会对铝合金的导热性能产生不利影响。基于铝合金的总重量,锌元素的含量为10重量%以下,优选为8重量%以下。
优选地,根据本发明实施例的铝合金含有选自稀土元素、镁、锶、钛、锌和硼中的一种或两种以上元素。更优选地,基于铝合金的总重量,本发明的铝合金含有以下元素中的一种或两种以上,
Figure PCTCN2015076106-appb-000007
在铝合金中引入铬(Cr)和锆(Zr)也能起到细化晶粒的作用,但是铬和锆会对铝合金的导热性能产生不利影响。根据本发明的铝合金,基于铝合金的总重量,铬元素的含量为0.1重量%以下,优选为0.05重量%以下,更优选为0.02重量%以下,进一步优选为0.01重量%以下。根据本发明实施例的铝合金,基于铝合金的总重量,锆元素的含量为0.1重量%以下,优选为0.05重量%以下。
根据本发明实施例的铝合金,基于铝合金的总重量,锂元素的含量为0.1重量%以下,优选为0.05重量%以下,更优选为0.02重量%以下。根据本发明实施例的铝合金,基于铝合金的总重量,钒元素的含量为0.005重量%以下。根据本发明的铝合金,基于铝合金的总重量,铝合金中锰元素的含量为0.1重量%以下,优选为0.08重量%以下,更优选为0.05重量%以下,进一步优选为0.03重量%以下。
根据本发明的铝合金允许存在少量其它金属元素,如Na、K、Be、Ca、Ba、Ga、In、Ge、Sn、Sb、Bi、Nb、Mo、W、Tc、Ru、Ni、Pd、Pt、Ag和Au中的一种、两种或三种以上。基于铝合金的总重量,上述其它金属元素的总量一般不高于1重量%,优选不高于0.5重量%,更优选不高于0.2重量%。所述其它金属元素一般来源于制备合金时合金原料中的杂质。
根据本发明实施例的铝合金,铝元素(Al)的含量可以随合金元素的量进行调整。
本发明还提供了一种铝合金,根据本发明的实施例,基于该铝合金的总重量,该铝合金含有:
Figure PCTCN2015076106-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2015076106-appb-000009
换句话说,根据本发明的铝合金的一个优选实例中,以该铝合金的总量为基准,以重量百分比计,该铝合金含有以下元素:
Figure PCTCN2015076106-appb-000010
根据本发明的实施例,所述铝合金可以含有上述其它金属元素中的一种或两种以上,也可以不含有上述其它金属元素。
本发明还提供了制备前面所述的铝合金的方法。根据本发明的实施例,该方法包括: 将铝合金原料按照预定比例进行熔炼,以便获得合金液;以及将合金液进行铸造,以便获得前面所述的铝合金。其中,所述预定比例的铝合金原料的组成使得得到的铝合金为本发明的铝合金。根据预期的铝合金组成来确定铝合金原料的组成的方法是本领域所公知的,本文不再详述。
本发明提供的铝合金不仅具有良好的综合机械性能,屈服强度能够达到150MPa以上,一般在150-190MPa之间,延伸率能够达到2%以上,一般在2-5%之间;而且具有优异的导热性能,导热系数能够达到110W/(m·K)以上,优选条件下在135-165W/(m·K)之间。
根据本发明实施例的铝合金特别适于作为导热结构材料,用于制备导热结构件,如各种电子产品的结构件。由此,本发明还提供了前面所述的铝合金在作为导热结构材料的应用,以及一种包含前面所述的铝合金的导热结构件。
以下结合实施例详细说明本发明,但不因此限定本发明的范围。
以下实施例和对比例中,分别采用以下方法测定制备的铝合金的硬度、屈服强度、延伸率和导热系数。
(1)硬度:采用维式硬度计,将直径为12.7mm且厚度为3mm的铝合金圆片在压入力为3kg,保压时间为15s下,测试3次以上,取得到的数据的平均值为该铝合金的硬度,单位HV。
(2)拉伸性能:根据ISO 6892-1中规定的测试方法,采用万能力学试验机进行拉伸试验,得到屈服强度和延伸率,其中,屈服强度为产生0.2%残余变形的屈服极限,延伸率为断裂延伸率。
(3)导热系数:根据ASTM E 1461-07中规定的测试方法,采用激光闪射法对直径为12.7mm且厚度为3mm的铝合金圆片进行测试。
下面详细描述本发明的具体实施例。
实施例1
按照表1的组成配制铝合金原料。将铝合金原料熔炼铸锭,得到的铸锭在160T冷式压铸机上进行金属型铸造,从而得到本发明的铝合金的压铸体。其中,熔汤温度为750℃,压射速度为2m/s,模具温度为200℃,铸件尺寸为200mm×30mm×3mm。
然后,测定制备获得的铝合金的表面硬度、导热系数、屈服强度以及延伸率,结果在表2中列出。
实施例2-15
采用与实施例1相同的方法制备铝合金的压铸体,不同的是,按照表1的组成配制铝合金原料。
测定制备获得的铝合金的表面硬度、导热系数、屈服强度以及延伸率,结果在表2中列出。
对比例1-12
采用与实施例1相同的方法制备铝合金的压铸体,不同的是,按照表1的组成配制铝合金原料。
测定制备获得的铝合金的表面硬度、导热系数、屈服强度以及延伸率,结果在表2中列出。
表2的结果显示,根据本发明的铝合金不仅具有良好的综合机械性能,而且具有高的导热性能。
将实施例1与对比例3进行比较可以看出,在铝合金中硅元素含量较高时,铝合金的导热性能不佳。
将实施例1与对比例4和6进行比较可以看出,在铝合金中铜元素含量过低时,铝合金的机械性能不佳;反之,则对铝合金的导热性能产生不利影响。
将实施例1与对比例5和12进行比较可以看出,在铝合金中铁元素含量过低时,铝合金的机械性能不佳;反之,则对铝合金的导热性能产生不利影响。
将实施例1、5、12和15与对比例7进行比较可以看出,铝合金中锰元素的存在对铝合金的导热性能具有负面影响,应当控制铝合金中锰元素的含量。将实施例7和8与对比例9进行比较可以看出,在铝合金中引入钒元素对铝合金的导热性能具有不利影响,应当控制铝合金中钒元素的含量。将实施例1和9与对比例10进行比较看出,锂元素的存在对铝合金的导热性能具有负面影响,应当控制铝合金中锂元素的含量。将实施例2、6和7与对比例8进行比较可以看出,在铝合金中引入铬元素对铝合金的导热性能具有不利影响,应当控制铝合金中铬元素的含量。
表1*
Figure PCTCN2015076106-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2015076106-appb-000012
Figure PCTCN2015076106-appb-000013
*:单位为基于铝合金的总重量,元素的重量百分比计,余量为铝
表2
Figure PCTCN2015076106-appb-000014
Figure PCTCN2015076106-appb-000015
在本说明书的描述中,参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且,描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外,在不相互矛盾的情况下,本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,可以理解的是,上述实施例是示例性的,不能理解为对本发明的限制,本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种铝合金,其特征在于,基于所述铝合金的总重量,所述铝合金含有:
    Figure PCTCN2015076106-appb-100001
  2. 一种铝合金,其特征在于,基于所述铝合金的总重量,所述铝合金含有:
    Figure PCTCN2015076106-appb-100002
    Figure PCTCN2015076106-appb-100003
    余量的铝。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的铝合金,其特征在于,基于所述铝合金的总重量,所述铝合金中锰元素的含量为0.08重量%以下。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任意一项所述的铝合金,其特征在于,基于所述铝合金的总重量,所述铝合金中锂元素的含量为0.05重量%以下。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的铝合金,其特征在于,基于所述铝合金的总重量,所述铝合金中锂元素的含量为0.02重量%以下。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任意一项所述的铝合金,其特征在于,基于所述铝合金的总重量,所述铝合金中铬元素的含量为0.05重量%以下。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的铝合金,其特征在于,基于所述铝合金的总重量,所述铝合金中铬元素的含量为0.01重量%以下。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任意一项所述的铝合金,其特征在于,基于所述铝合金的总重量,所述铝合金中锆元素的含量为0.05重量%以下。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8中任意一项所述的铝合金,其特征在于,所述铝合金进一步含有选自稀土元素、镁、锶、钛、锌和硼中的一种或两种以上元素。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的铝合金,其特征在于,基于所述铝合金的总重量,所述铝合金含有以下元素中的一种或两种以上,
    Figure PCTCN2015076106-appb-100004
    Figure PCTCN2015076106-appb-100005
  11. 一种制备权利要求1-10中任意一项所述的铝合金的方法,其特征在于,包括:将铝合金原料按照预定比例进行熔炼,以便获得合金液;以及
    将合金液进行铸造,以便获得前面所述的铝合金。
  12. 权利要求1-10中任意一项所述的铝合金作为导热结构材料的应用。
  13. 一种导热结构件,其特征在于,包含权利要求1~10中任一项所述的铝合金。
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