WO2016015588A1 - 一种合金及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种合金及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016015588A1
WO2016015588A1 PCT/CN2015/084824 CN2015084824W WO2016015588A1 WO 2016015588 A1 WO2016015588 A1 WO 2016015588A1 CN 2015084824 W CN2015084824 W CN 2015084824W WO 2016015588 A1 WO2016015588 A1 WO 2016015588A1
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alloy
total weight
additive element
smelting
preparation
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PCT/CN2015/084824
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French (fr)
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张法亮
刘利强
宫清
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比亚迪股份有限公司
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/05—Alloys based on copper with manganese as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
    • C22C30/02—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing copper

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of alloys, and in particular to an alloy and a preparation method thereof.
  • Aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy and zinc alloy are rich in raw materials and excellent in casting performance. They have become the main structural materials for the production and life of the national economy, but their mechanical strength is low. Although high-strength materials have also been developed, the processing and manufacturing of materials is greatly improved. Lower, so there are more and more restrictions in some of the more demanding product areas.
  • titanium alloys Due to its light weight, high strength and good corrosion resistance, titanium alloys have been greatly developed in recent years, especially plate profiles, but the cost of producing high-precision and complex products of titanium alloy is very high, so its application has also received extreme Big restrictions.
  • copper alloy is an early development, can be used as a functional and structural material, copper alloy series is relatively rich, due to the relatively high cost of copper, low copper content, high strength, easy to cast and environmentally friendly Copper alloys are still relatively small.
  • the publication No. CN1948531A discloses a high manganese copper nickel zinc alloy composed of the following components by weight: Cu 56-73%, Ni 0.5-2.9%, Mn 10.1-25%, Al 0-3%, Fe + Re ⁇ 1%, the balance is Zn and unavoidable impurities.
  • the material has relatively low corrosion resistance and mechanical strength, and the casting performance is not ideal enough to meet the needs of modern product technology.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an alloy material which overcomes the insufficiency of alloy strength, casting performance and cost, and which has high strength and excellent casting properties.
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing the above alloy, which is simple and low in cost.
  • the present invention provides an alloy comprising, by weight percent, based on the total weight of the alloy, the alloy comprising:
  • the invention also provides a preparation method of the above alloy, which comprises smelting an alloy raw material and melting the same The obtained alloy liquid is cast and cooled to obtain the above alloy.
  • the alloy according to the embodiment of the present invention has good casting properties, is not susceptible to cracking during casting, has high mechanical strength, and has good toughness.
  • the present invention provides an alloy comprising, based on the total weight of the alloy (or based on the total amount of the alloy), in terms of weight percent, the alloy contains:
  • the alloy contains, by weight percent, based on the total weight of the alloy:
  • the price of the manganese element is one quarter of that of the copper element, and the copper element is replaced by a large amount of manganese element, which lowers the cost of the alloy.
  • manganese and copper are mutually insoluble in solid solution.
  • the atomic radius of manganese is close to that of copper. It is a displacement solid solution.
  • Manganese acts as a solid solution strengthening agent, which can improve the strength and hardness of the alloy. Manganese can effectively improve the casting properties of the alloy, but too high is easy to cause the alloy to increase brittleness and reduce the casting properties of the material. Too low can not improve the casting characteristics of the alloy and reduce the material cost.
  • aluminum element is an important alloy strengthening element, which can significantly improve the mechanical strength of the alloy, and plays an important role in the metallurgical process.
  • Aluminum can form a dense oxide film in the surface of the alloy melt. The layer improves the oxidation and gettering characteristics of the alloy; in addition, the aluminum element can form a dense oxide film layer on the surface of the alloy product, improve the corrosion resistance of the alloy product, and at the same time reduce the alloy cost, but the content is too high to cause the material The brittleness increases, and if it is too low, it is difficult to play the above beneficial effects.
  • the alloy of the present invention by controlling the content range of the Mn element and the Al element, that is, based on the total weight of the alloy, the alloy contains: Mn 21-40%, Al 3.1-15%, so that the obtained alloy It has good casting properties while having good strength. Since the alloy of the present invention has good mechanical strength, it can also be referred to as a high strength alloy.
  • the alloy further includes an additive element selected from the group consisting of Be, B, C, P, Mg, Sc, Ti, Cr, Fe, Ni, Zn, Ga, At least one of Sr, Zr, Nb, Sn, Hf, Ta, Pb, and a rare earth element.
  • the additive element is selected from the group consisting of B, Ti, Cr, Fe, Zn, Ni, At least one of Zr, Sn, Pb, and a rare earth element.
  • the added element can improve the corrosion resistance of the alloy, the mechanical properties of the alloy, and the casting characteristics of the alloy melt.
  • the content of the additive element is ⁇ 5% by weight based on the total weight of the alloy. When the content of the additive element is more than 5%, the basic properties of the material may be lowered.
  • the additive element is a rare earth element.
  • the rare earth element has fine grain, changes the interfacial energy and purifies the alloy melt.
  • the content of the rare earth element is ⁇ 0.5% by weight based on the total weight of the alloy. Excessive addition of rare earth elements tends to destroy the metallurgical properties of the alloy.
  • the additive element is Pb.
  • the Pb element can greatly improve the machining characteristics of the alloy material.
  • the content of the additive element is >0.5% and ⁇ 3% by weight based on the total weight of the alloy.
  • the additive element is at least one selected from the group consisting of Ti, Cr, Fe, Ni, Zr, and Sn.
  • the added element can significantly improve the corrosion resistance and strength of the alloy.
  • the content of the additive element is ⁇ 3% by weight based on the total weight of the alloy.
  • the alloy allows the presence of unavoidable impurity elements, and the presence of a small amount of impurity elements does not have an important effect on the properties of the alloy, but can reduce the processing cost of the material.
  • a small amount of other metal elements are allowed to exist, such as selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Ba, In, Ge, Sb, Bi, V, Nb, Mo, W, Tc, Ru, Pd, Pt, One, two or more of Ag and Au.
  • the total amount of the above other metal elements is generally not more than 1%, preferably not more than 0.5%, more preferably not more than 0.2% by weight based on the total weight of the alloy.
  • the above other metal elements may be derived from impurities in the alloy raw material at the time of alloy preparation, or may be derived from a raw material added as a constituent element of the alloy when the alloy is prepared.
  • the alloy according to the present invention has good casting properties, is not susceptible to cracking during casting, has high mechanical strength, and has good toughness.
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing the above alloy, which comprises melting an alloy raw material, casting the molten alloy solution, and cooling to obtain the alloy.
  • Methods of selecting the composition of the alloy starting material to obtain an alloy having the desired composition are well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail herein.
  • the smelting can generally be carried out at a temperature of from 1100 to 1200 ° C, and the smelting time can generally be from 30 to 60 minutes.
  • the alloy solution obtained by the smelting may be further refined at a temperature of 1050-1100 ° C after the smelting, and the refining time is 10-40 minutes. After refining, it can be cast into an alloy ingot.
  • the inert gas may be a conventional choice in the field of smelting, and may be, for example, argon gas, nitrogen gas or the like.
  • the preparation method of the invention is simple, and a large amount of manganese is used instead of copper, and the cost is low.
  • the alloy raw material is prepared according to the alloy composition of Cu 63 Mn 30 Al 7 .
  • the prepared alloy raw material is placed in a smelting furnace for melting, and 99.999% of high-purity argon gas is introduced into the smelting process at a pressure of 0.5 atm. and smelted at a temperature of 1200 ° C for 40 min. It was then refined at a temperature of 1100 ° C for 30 minutes and finally cast into an alloy ingot A1.
  • the alloy ingots A2-A19 were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the alloy raw materials were prepared in accordance with Table 1.
  • the alloy ingots CA1-CA4 were prepared in accordance with the method of Example 1, except that the alloy raw materials were prepared in accordance with Table 1.
  • Example 1 Cu 63 Mn 30 Al 7 Example 2 Cu 68 Mn 28 Al 4 Example 3 Cu 72 Mn 21 Al 7 Example 4 Cu 66.5 Mn 30 Al 3.5 Example 5 Cu 52 Mn 38 Al 10 Example 6 Cu 45 Mn 40 Al 15 Example 7 Cu 75.9 Mn 21 Al 3.1 Example 8 Cu 62 Mn 30 Al 7 Fe 1 Example 9 Cu 62 Mn 30 Al 7 Cr 1 Example 10 Cu 60.4 Mn 30 Al 4 Cr 1 FeNiSn 0.1 B 0.5 TiZr Example 11 Cu 58 Mn 30 Al 7 Cr 2 Zn 1 Fe 2 Example 12 Cu 60.9 Mn 30 Al 4 Cr 1 FeNiSn 0.1 TiZr Example 13 Cu 62.7 Mn 30 Al 7 La 0.3 Example 14 Cu 62.7 Mn 30 Al 7 Nd 0.4 Example 15 Cu 62.7 Mn 30 Al 7 Pr 0.1 Example 16 Cu 62 Mn 30 Al 6 Cr 0.5 Ni 0.5 Ti 1
  • Example 17 Cu 62 Mn 30 Al 7 Pb 1
  • Example 18 Cu 62 Mn 30 Al 7 Pb 2.8
  • Example 19 Cu 62 Mn 30 Al 7 Pb 0.6
  • Comparative example 1 C 69 Mn 30 Al 1 Comparative example 2
  • Comparative example 3 Cu 53 Mn 30 Al 17 Comparative example 4
  • Cu 56 Mn 15 Al 1 Fe 0.2 Ni 3 Re 0.2 Zn 24.6
  • the obtained alloy ingots A1-A19 and CA1-CA4 were subjected to die-casting to prepare test samples B1-B19 and CB1-CB4, wherein the die-casting temperature was 1050 ° C; the mold temperature was 200 ° C; the cylinder temperature was 150 ° C, and the injection speed was 2 m. /s, the sample thickness is 1.5mm.
  • the smelted alloy was cast into a sheet of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm ⁇ 1.5 mm, which was immersed in a 5% NaCl solution, immersed for 48 hours, and the corrosion result was calculated by the weight loss method.
  • the calculation method is as follows:
  • V (m1-m2)/(t ⁇ s)
  • M1 is the mass of the sample before the test
  • M2 is the mass after washing and washing with distilled water after the test, t is time, S is the surface area of the sample, and the corrosion rate unit is mg/(cm 2 .d).
  • the alloy of the present invention has high yield strength and tensile strength, large elongation after fracture, high hardness, good fluidity, no cracks, and good corrosion resistance.
  • the alloys of Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 4 have good corrosion resistance and no crack, but their yield strength and tensile strength are low, elongation after break is small, hardness is small, and fluidity is poor; Comparative Example 3
  • the alloy has high yield strength and tensile strength, large elongation after fracture, high hardness and good fluidity, but it has cracks and poor corrosion resistance.
  • the alloy of the present invention has good casting properties, is not susceptible to cracking during casting, has high mechanical strength, good toughness and good corrosion resistance.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

一种高强度合金及其制备方法，以重量百分比计，该合金含有以下元素：Mn 21-40%，Al 3.1-15%，Cu 45-75.9%。该合金经熔炼浇铸获得，其具有良好的铸造性能，机械强度高，韧性好、耐腐蚀性好。

Description

一种合金及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明属于合金领域，尤其涉及一种合金及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着以电子产品和汽车为代表的产品技术突飞猛进的发展，产品日趋于精密化、小型化，从而对材料的性能和铸造特性提出了越来越高的要求。铝合金、镁合金及锌合金原料丰富，铸造性能优异，已经成为国民经济生产生活的主要结构材料，但他们的机械强度偏低，虽然也发展了高强度材料，但材料的加工制造性又大大降低，因此在一些要求较高的产品领域越来越多的受到限制。
钛合金由于具有质轻、强度高、耐腐蚀性好等优点，近些年来得到了很大发展，尤其板型材，但钛合金生产高精密复杂产品的成本很高，从而其应用也收到了极大的限制。
在有色金属中，铜合金是一种发展较早，可以作为功能性和结构性的材料，铜合金系列相对较为丰富，由于铜的成本相对较高，低铜含量高强度易于铸造加工和环保的铜合金仍然相对较少。
公开号为CN1948531A的专利公开了一种高锰铜镍锌合金，按重量百分比由以下组分组成：Cu 56-73％，Ni 0.5-2.9％，Mn 10.1-25％，Al 0-3％，Fe+Re≤1％，余量为Zn和不可避免的杂质。但材料的耐腐蚀性和机械强度相对较低，铸造性能不够理想，难以满足现代产品技术的需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有的合金很难兼顾合金强度和铸造性能及成本的不足，提供一种合金材料，该合金不仅强度高，而且具有优异的铸造性能。
本发明还提供了一种上述合金的制备方法，该方法简单、成本低。
本发明提供了一种合金，基于该合金的总重量，以重量百分比计，该合金含有：
Mn            21-40％，
Al            3.1-15％，
Cu            45-75.9％。
本发明还提供上述合金的制备方法，该方法包括将合金原料进行熔炼，并将熔炼得 到的合金液进行浇铸，冷却后得到上述合金。
根据本发明实施例的合金具有良好的铸造性能，铸造过程中不易产生裂纹，机械强度高，韧性好。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种合金，基于该合金的总重量(或者说以该合金的总量为基准)，以重量百分比计，该合金含有：
Mn            21-40％，
Al            3.1-15％，
Cu            45-75.9％。
进一步优选地，基于该合金的总重量，以重量百分比计，该合金含有：
Mn            28-38％，
Al            4-10％，
Cu            52-68％。
本发明的合金中，锰元素的价格是铜元素的四分之一，用大量的锰元素代替铜元素，降低了合金的成本。同时锰元素和铜元素是相互无限固溶的，锰元素的原子半径和铜接近，是置换式固溶体，锰起固溶强化作用，可以提高合金的强度，硬度。锰元素可以有效的提高合金的铸造性能，但过高易于引起合金脆性增大，并降低材料的铸造性能，过低无法改善合金的铸造特性，降低材料成本。
本发明的合金中，铝元素是重要的合金强化元素，会显著的提高合金的机械强度，同时在冶金过程中起着重要作用，铝可以在合金熔体表面中形成一层致密的氧化物膜层，改善合金的氧化和吸气特性；另外，铝元素可以在合金产品表面形成致密氧化物膜层，提高合金产品的耐腐蚀性，同时还可以降低合金成本，但含量过高则会引起材料脆性增大，过低则难以起到以上有益作用。
本发明的合金中，通过控制Mn元素和Al元素的含量范围，即基于该合金的总重量，以重量百分比计，该合金含有：Mn 21-40％，Al 3.1-15％，使得到的合金在具有很好的强度的同时具有很好的铸造性能。由于本发明的合金具有良好的机械强度，其也可称为一种高强度合金。
根据本发明所提供的合金，优选地，所述合金还包括添加元素，所述添加元素为选自Be、B、C、P、Mg、Sc、Ti、Cr、Fe、Ni、Zn、Ga、Sr、Zr、Nb、Sn、Hf、Ta、Pb和稀土元素中的至少一种。进一步优选地，所述添加元素为选自B、Ti、Cr、Fe、Zn、Ni、 Zr、Sn、Pb和稀土元素中的至少一种。所述添加元素可以改善合金的耐腐蚀性能、合金机械性能和合金熔体的铸造特性。本发明中，基于该合金的总重量，以重量百分比计，所述添加元素的含量<5％。所述添加元素的含量高于5％时，可能会降低材料的基础性能。
根据本发明所提供的合金，优选地，所述添加元素为稀土元素。稀土元素具有细化晶粒，改变界面能和净化合金熔体的作用。本发明中，基于该合金的总重量，以重量百分比计，所述稀土元素的含量<0.5％。稀土元素的添加量过大易于破坏合金的冶金特性。
根据本发明所提供的合金，优选地，所述添加元素为Pb。Pb元素可以极大的改善合金材料的机加工特性。本发明中，基于该合金的总重量，以重量百分比计，所述添加元素的含量>0.5％且<3％。根据本发明所提供的合金，优选地，所述添加元素为选自Ti、Cr、Fe、Ni、Zr和Sn中的至少一种。所述添加元素可以显著改善合金的耐腐蚀性和强度。本发明中，基于该合金的总重量，以重量百分比计，所述添加元素的含量为<3％。
该合金允许存在不可避免的杂质元素，少量杂质元素的存在不会对合金性能产生重要影响，但可以降低材料的加工成本。
根据本发明所提供的合金，允许存在少量其它金属元素，如选自Li、Na、K、Ba、In、Ge、Sb、Bi、V、Nb、Mo、W、Tc、Ru、Pd、Pt、Ag和Au中的一种、两种或三种以上。基于该合金的总重量，以重量百分比计，上述其它金属元素的总量一般不高于1％，优选不高于0.5％，更优选不高于0.2％。上述其它金属元素可以来源于制备合金时合金原料中的杂质，也可以来源于制备合金时作为合金的一种组成元素而添加的原料。
根据本发明的合金具有良好的铸造性能，铸造过程中不易产生裂纹，机械强度高，韧性好。
本发明还提供了一种上述合金的制备方法，该方法包括将合金原料进行熔炼，并将熔炼得到的合金液进行浇铸，冷却后得到该合金。选择合金原料的组成从而得到具有预期组成的合金的方法是本领域技术人员所公知的，本文不再详述。
根据本发明，所述熔炼一般可以在1100-1200℃的温度下进行，熔炼的时间一般可以为30-60分钟。为了进一步提高合金的性能，在熔炼之后，浇铸之前，可以再在1050-1100℃的温度下将熔炼得到的合金液进行精炼，精炼的时间为10-40分钟。在精炼后浇铸为合金铸锭即可。为了避免该合金熔体在熔炼过程中与空气接触而氧化，在熔炼时，优选采用在真空熔炼炉中进行熔炼，并且熔炼时通入惰性气体进行保护。所述惰性气体可以为冶炼领域的常规选择，例如可以为氩气和氮气等。
本发明的制备方法简单，用大量的锰代替铜，成本低。
下面通过具体实施例对本发明进行进一步的详细说明。
实施例1
按照合金组成为Cu63Mn30Al7配制合金原料。将配制好的合金原料置于熔炼炉中进行熔炼，熔炼过程中通入99.999％的高纯氩气，压力为0.5个大气压，在1200℃的温度下冶炼40min。然后在1100℃的温度下精炼30分钟，最后浇铸为合金铸锭A1。
实施例2-19
按照实施例1的方法制备合金铸锭A2-A19，区别在于：按照表1配制合金原料。
对比例1-4
按照实施例1的方法制备合金铸锭CA1-CA4，区别在于：按照表1配制合金原料。
表1
序号 合金组成
实施例1 Cu63Mn30Al7
实施例2 Cu68Mn28Al4
实施例3 Cu72Mn21Al7
实施例4 Cu66.5Mn30Al3.5
实施例5 Cu52Mn38Al10
实施例6 Cu45Mn40Al15
实施例7 Cu75.9Mn21Al3.1
实施例8 Cu62Mn30Al7Fe1
实施例9 Cu62Mn30Al7Cr1
实施例10 Cu60.4Mn30Al4Cr1FeNiSn0.1B0.5TiZr
实施例11 Cu58Mn30Al7Cr2Zn1Fe2
实施例12 Cu60.9Mn30Al4Cr1FeNiSn0.1TiZr
实施例13 Cu62.7Mn30Al7La0.3
实施例14 Cu62.7Mn30Al7Nd0.4
实施例15 Cu62.7Mn30Al7Pr0.1
实施例16 Cu62Mn30Al6Cr0.5Ni0.5Ti1
实施例17 Cu62Mn30Al7Pb1
实施例18 Cu62Mn30Al7Pb2.8
实施例19 Cu62Mn30Al7Pb0.6
对比例1 C69Mn30Al1
对比例2 Cu67Mn30Al3
对比例3 Cu53Mn30Al17
对比例4 Cu56Mn15Al1Fe0.2Ni3Re0.2Zn24.6
性能测试
将得到的合金锭A1-A19及CA1-CA4进行压铸制备测试样品B1-B19和CB1-CB4，其中，压铸温度为1050℃；模具温度为200℃；料筒温度为150℃，注射速度为2m/s，样品厚度为1.5mm。
1、拉伸性能
采用ISO 6892.1-2009测试标准测定B1-B19及CB1-CB4的屈服强度、抗拉强度和断后延伸率。结果见表2。
2、硬度
采用维式硬度计，将直径为12.7mm且厚度为3mm的上述合金圆片在压入力为3kg，保压时间为15s下，测试3次以上，取得到的数据的平均值为所测的合金的硬度，单位HV。结果见表2。
3、流动性
采用单螺旋流动性试样模具，横截面尺寸为：5.5mm×3mm，采用的给汤容量为45cm3，压射速度为1m/s。结果见表2。
4、耐腐蚀性
将冶炼完成的合金铸造成100mm×100mm×1.5mm的薄片，将其浸泡到5％NaCl的溶液当中，浸泡48小时，采用失重法计算腐蚀结果，计算方法如下：
V＝(m1-m2)/(t×s)
m1为试验前的样品质量；
m2为试验后经蒸馏水清洗，并烘干后的质量，t为时间，S为样品表面积，腐蚀速率单位为mg/(cm2.d)。
结果见表2。
5、表面状况
用显微镜观察样品B1-B19及CB1-CB4的表面是否有裂纹，结果见表2。
表2
Figure PCTCN2015084824-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2015084824-appb-000002
从表2中可以看出，本发明的合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度高、断后延伸率大，硬度大、流动性好、没有裂纹且耐腐蚀性好。对比例1、对比例2和对比例4的合金，虽然具有很好的耐腐蚀性能和没有裂纹，但是其屈服强度和抗拉强度低、断后延伸率小，硬度小、流动性差；对比例3的合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度高、断后延伸率大，硬度大、流动性好，但是其有裂纹，耐腐蚀性差。综上，本发明的合金具有良好的铸造性能，铸造过程中不易产生裂纹，机械强度高，韧性好、耐腐蚀性好。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种合金，其特征在于，基于所述合金的总重量，以重量百分比计，所述合金含有：
    Mn                21-40％，
    Al                3.1-15％，
    Cu                45-75.9％。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的合金，其特征在于，基于所述合金的总重量，以重量百分比计，所述合金含有：
    Mn                28-38％，
    Al                4-10％，
    Cu                52-68％。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的合金，其特征在于，所述合金还包括添加元素，所述添加元素为选自Be、B、C、P、Mg、Sc、Ti、Cr、Fe、Ni、Zn、Ga、Sr、Zr、Nb、Sn、Hf、Ta、Pb和稀土元素中的至少一种。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的合金，其特征在于，基于所述合金的总重量，以重量百分比计，所述添加元素的含量<5％。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的合金，其特征在于，所述添加元素为选自B、Ti、Cr、Fe、Zn、Ni、Zr、Sn、Pb和稀土元素中的至少一种。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的合金，其特征在于，所述添加元素为稀土元素。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的合金，其特征在于，基于所述合金的总重量，以重量百分比计，所述稀土元素的含量<0.5％。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的合金，其特征在于，所述添加元素为Pb。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的合金，基于所述合金的总重量，以重量百分比计，所述Pb的含量>0.5％且<3％。
  10. 根据权利要求5所述的合金，其特征在于，所述添加元素为选自Ti、Cr、Fe、Ni、Zr和Sn中的至少一种。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的合金，其特征在于，基于所述合金的总重量，以重量百分比计，所述添加元素的含量为<3％。
  12. 一种权利要求1-11任一项所述的合金的制备方法，其特征在于，包括：将合金原料进行熔炼，并将熔炼得到的合金液进行浇铸，冷却后得到所述合金。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述熔炼是在1100-1200摄氏度 的温度下，进行30-60分钟。
  14. 根据权利要求12或13所述的制备方法，其特征在于，在进行所述浇铸之前，进一步包括：预先将所述熔炼得到的合金液进行精炼。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述精炼是在1050-1100摄氏度的温度下进行10-40分钟。
  16. 根据权利要求12-15中任一项所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述熔炼或所述精炼的至少之一是在惰性气氛中进行的。
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