WO2015135253A1 - 铝硅系合金及其生产方法 - Google Patents

铝硅系合金及其生产方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015135253A1
WO2015135253A1 PCT/CN2014/077919 CN2014077919W WO2015135253A1 WO 2015135253 A1 WO2015135253 A1 WO 2015135253A1 CN 2014077919 W CN2014077919 W CN 2014077919W WO 2015135253 A1 WO2015135253 A1 WO 2015135253A1
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aluminum
silicon
alloy
solution
silicon alloy
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PCT/CN2014/077919
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘金
郑华伟
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2015135253A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015135253A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/04Modified aluminium-silicon alloys

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of aluminum alloy technology, and in particular to an aluminum silicon alloy and a method for producing the same.
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Casting aluminum alloy as a traditional metal material has the characteristics of low specific gravity, high specific strength, easy processing, low cost and corrosion resistance, flexible and simple production parts, and easy mass production, and is widely used in aviation, aerospace, automobiles, Machinery and other industries.
  • the application of extrusion casting is increasing. Although the extrusion press casting exerts a large pressure during the forming process, which is advantageous for the molding of the casting, the molding time is short, and the fluidity of the material is higher than that of the metal casting (gravity casting).
  • High-strength and tough materials generally have poor fluidity, so internal defects of high-strength and tough complex parts made by extrusion casting are difficult to avoid.
  • high-strength and tough cast aluminum alloys have formed a complete series, and the performance and production process have become stable.
  • High-strength and toughened cast aluminum alloys mainly include aluminum-copper-based and aluminum-zinc-based alloys, as well as modified aluminum alloys to which rare earths are added. The casting properties of aluminum-copper and aluminum-zinc alloys are poor, and the corrosion resistance is poor. The modified aluminum alloy with rare earth addition is costly.
  • the present invention provides an aluminum-silicon alloy and a method for producing the same, which are intended to improve the strength and toughness of an aluminum alloy and improve the extrusion casting forming property of an aluminum-silicon alloy under the premise of ensuring low cost.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide an aluminum-silicon alloy, which comprises, by weight percent, the following components: silicon 7.5% - 10.2%, magnesium 0.35% - 0.60%, titanium 0.10% - 0.25%, boron 0.010%-0.025%, copper 1.5%-2.5%, aluminum balance.
  • the silicon is 7.8%-9.1%
  • the magnesium is 0.40%-0.50%
  • the titanium is 0.15%-0.20%
  • the boron is 0.015%-0.020%
  • the copper is 1.6%- 2.2%
  • the amount of aluminum remaining is 8.2%
  • the magnesium is 0.48%
  • the titanium is 0.20%
  • the boron is 0.02%
  • the copper is 2.2%
  • the aluminum is the balance.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a method for producing an aluminum-silicon-based alloy, the method comprising the steps of: 7.5%-9.6% of silicon, 0.35%-0.55% of magnesium, 0.10%-0.25% of titanium according to the weight percentage of the element, boron
  • the step of heat-treating the aluminum-silicon alloy parts after extrusion casting comprises: performing a solution treatment on the aluminum-silicon alloy parts after extrusion casting at a temperature of 527 ° C ⁇ 5 ° C for 8 hours.
  • the solution-treated aluminum-silicon alloy is cooled by warm water at 35 °C-60 °C; the chilled aluminum-silicon alloy parts are subjected to aging treatment at a temperature of 154 ° C ⁇ 5 ° C for 8 hours.
  • the step of smelting the raw material to obtain an aluminum alloy solution, and extruding and molding the aluminum alloy solution to form an aluminum-silicon alloy part comprises: adding the proportioned raw materials according to the melting point from low to high Melting furnace; refining the raw material at a temperature of 725 °C ⁇ 5 °C for 15 min to obtain an aluminum alloy solution; and extruding the obtained aluminum alloy solution at a temperature of 690 ° C ⁇ 5 ° C Aluminum silicon alloy parts.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides an aluminum-silicon alloy, which comprises, by weight percentage, the following components: silicon 7.5% - 10.2%, magnesium 0.35% - 0.60%, titanium 0.10% - 0.25%, Vanadium 0.10%-0.20%, copper 1.5%-2.5%, aluminum balance. ⁇ %-2.2%, the aluminum balance.
  • silicon 7.5%
  • magnesium magnesium
  • titanium 0.10%
  • vanadium 0.10%
  • copper 1.5%-2.5%
  • aluminum balance aluminum balance. ⁇ %-2.2%
  • the aluminum balance Preferably, the silicon is 8.2%, the magnesium is 0.48%, the titanium is 0.20%, the vanadium is 0.15%, the copper is 2.2%, and the aluminum is the balance.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a method for producing an aluminum-silicon alloy, which comprises the following steps: 7.5% by weight of silicon, 0.35% to 0.60% of magnesium, 0.10% to 0.25% of titanium according to the weight percentage of the element, vanadium
  • the step of heat-treating the aluminum-silicon alloy parts after extrusion casting comprises: performing a solution treatment on the extruded aluminum-silicon alloy parts at a temperature of 527 ° C ⁇ 5 ° C for 8 hours;
  • the solution-treated aluminum-silicon alloy is cooled by warm water at a temperature of 35 ° C to 60 ° C; the chilled aluminum-silicon alloy parts are subjected to an aging treatment at a temperature of 154 ° C ⁇ 5 ° C for 8 hours.
  • the step of smelting the raw material to obtain an aluminum alloy solution, and extruding and molding the aluminum alloy solution to form an aluminum-silicon alloy part comprises: adding the proportioned raw materials according to the melting point from low to high Melting furnace; refining the raw material at a temperature of 725 °C ⁇ 5 °C for 15 min to obtain an aluminum alloy solution; and extruding the obtained aluminum alloy solution at a temperature of 690 ° C ⁇ 5 ° C Aluminum silicon alloy zero
  • the aluminum-silicon alloy comprises, by weight percentage, components: silicon 7.5% - 10.2%, magnesium 0.35% - 0.60%, titanium 0.10% -0.25%, boron 0.010%-0.025%, copper 1.5%-2.5%, aluminum balance; or the aluminum-silicon alloy by weight percentage, including components: silicon 7.5%-10.2%, magnesium 0.35%-0.60% , titanium 0.10%-0.25%, vanadium 0.10%-0.20%, copper 1.5%-2.5%, aluminum balance, the aluminum-silicon alloy has good strength and toughness, easy to process, and good fluidity for complex parts The production improves the extrusion casting properties of aluminum-silicon alloys at a lower cost.
  • Example 1 The content of the components involved in this example was given in accordance with the contents specified in Table 1.
  • the aluminum-silicon alloy is prepared according to the following steps: Step S10, according to the weight percentage of the element, silicon is 7.5% - 10.2%, magnesium is 0.35% - 0.60%, titanium is 0.10% - 0.25%, vanadium is 0.10% - 0.20%, and copper is 1.5% - 2.5%, the amount of aluminum is used as a raw material ratio; in this embodiment, the raw materials are pure aluminum, pure magnesium, aluminum-copper alloy, aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy, aluminum-boron intermediate alloy, and the like.
  • the titanium-boron alloy or the aluminum-titanium-boron intermediate alloy may be used instead of the aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy and the aluminum-boron intermediate alloy, and other alloys may be added on the basis of the fixed aluminum alloys such as 354 and A356 to adjust the composition of the alloy, and 354, A356 and other aluminum-silicon alloy scraps are produced to save manufacturing processes to save costs.
  • Step S20 smelting the proportioned raw material to obtain an aluminum alloy solution, and extruding the aluminum alloy solution to form an aluminum-silicon alloy part; in the embodiment, the melting temperature is preferably 725 ° C ⁇ 5 ° C, and the refining time is long. For 15 min, the shielding gas used in the refining is argon or nitrogen.
  • the slag operation is performed to remove impurities; after refining, it is allowed to stand for a predetermined time interval (for example, 10 min), and the raw materials in the molten state are detected.
  • the aluminum-silicon alloy parts are formed by extrusion casting at 690 °C ⁇ 5 °C to ensure that the aluminum-silicon alloy parts after extrusion are qualified and avoid defects (such as looseness, Hard spots and insufficient ingredients) lead to waste of materials.
  • the smelting can be performed by using a smelting device such as a crucible or an intermediate frequency induction cooker, and the mixed raw material is smelted.
  • the extruded aluminum-silicon alloy parts are cooled to room temperature and placed in a solid solution furnace.
  • the temperature of the solution furnace is 527 ° C ⁇ 5 ° C
  • the solution is kept for 8 hours for solution treatment.
  • the solution treatment makes the various elements dissolve more evenly, so as to improve the toughness of the aluminum-silicon alloy parts.
  • After the solution treatment of the raw materials it is cooled by warm water of 35 °C-60 °C, and then at 154 °C ⁇ 5 Under the temperature condition of °C, aging treatment is carried out for 8 hours to eliminate the internal stress in the aluminum-silicon alloy parts, improve the strength and toughness of the aluminum-silicon alloy parts, and make the aluminum-silicon alloy parts easier to process.
  • the aluminum-silicon alloy After solution treatment and aging treatment of the extruded aluminum-silicon alloy, the aluminum-silicon alloy has good strength, toughness, corrosion resistance and casting performance, and no rare earth element is added, and the cost is low and the fluidity is good. It is suitable for the extrusion casting production of complex parts and improves the extrusion casting forming properties of aluminum-silicon alloy.
  • the mechanical properties test results of the aluminum-silicon alloy are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 2 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated according to the raw material components in Table 1, and the results of the mechanical properties of the aluminum-silicon-based alloy produced in the procedure of Example 1 in the raw material of Example 2 are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 3 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated according to the raw material components in Table 1, and the results of the mechanical properties of the aluminum-silicon-based alloy produced in the procedure of Example 1 as described in Example 1 are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 4 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated in accordance with the raw material components in Table 1, and the results of the mechanical properties of the aluminum-silicon-based alloy produced in the procedure of Example 1 in the raw material of Example 4 are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 5 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated according to the raw material components in Table 1, and the results of the mechanical properties of the aluminum-silicon-based alloy produced in the procedure of Example 1 as described in Example 1 are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 6 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated according to the raw material components in Table 1, and the results of the mechanical properties of the aluminum-silicon-based alloy produced by the procedure described in Example 1 for the raw material of Example 6 are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 7 The procedure of the first embodiment was repeated according to the raw material components in Table 1, and the mechanical properties of the aluminum-silicon-based alloy produced in the procedure of Example 1 in Example 7 were as shown in Table 1. It should be noted that the embodiments of the aluminum-silicon-based alloys shown in the first embodiment to the seventh embodiment are merely enumerated in the preferred embodiments, and those skilled in the art can easily produce and refer to the examples of the first to seventh embodiments.
  • the present invention proposes an aluminum-silicon alloy having similar properties of an aluminum-silicon alloy, for example, the element weight percentage is 8.4 for the silicon, 0.46% for the magnesium, 0.18% for the titanium, and 0.016% for the boron.
  • the copper is 2.0%, and the aluminum balance is an aluminum-silicon alloy. Table 1 :
  • Embodiment 1 Embodiment 2 Embodiment 3 Embodiment 4 Embodiment 5 Embodiment 6 Embodiment 7
  • the weight percentage of elements in the A356 aluminum ingot is: silicon 7.27, magnesium 0.419, titanium 0.195, iron 0.119, copper 0.153, zinc 0.025, manganese 0.073, aluminum balance.
  • the weight percentage of elements in the 354 aluminum ingot is: silicon 9.09, magnesium 0.476, titanium 0.025, iron 0.107, copper 1.53, zinc 0.026, violent 0.075, aluminum balance.
  • Example 8 The content of the components involved in this example was given in accordance with the contents specified in Table 2.
  • the aluminum-silicon alloy is prepared according to the following steps: Step S40, according to the weight percentage of the element, silicon is 7.5% - 10.2%, magnesium is 0.35% - 0.60%, titanium is 0.10% - 0.25%, vanadium is 0.10% - 0.20%, and copper is 1.5% - 2.5%, the amount of aluminum is used as a raw material ratio; in this embodiment, the raw materials are pure aluminum, pure magnesium, aluminum-copper alloy, aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy, aluminum-boron intermediate alloy, and the like.
  • Step S50 smelting the proportioned raw material to obtain an aluminum alloy solution, and extruding the aluminum alloy solution to form an aluminum-silicon alloy part; in the embodiment, the melting temperature is preferably 725 ° C ⁇ 5 ° C, and the refining time is long.
  • the shielding gas used in the refining is argon or nitrogen. While refining, the slag operation is performed to remove impurities; after refining, it is allowed to stand for a predetermined time interval (for example, 10 min), and the raw materials in the molten state are detected.
  • the smelting can be performed by using a smelting device such as a crucible or an intermediate frequency induction cooker, and the mixed raw material is smelted.
  • a smelting device such as a crucible or an intermediate frequency induction cooker
  • step S60 the aluminum-silicon alloy parts after extrusion casting are heat-treated. After extrusion molding, the parts are placed in a solid solution furnace after being lowered to room temperature.
  • the solution When the temperature of the solution furnace is set to 527 ° C ⁇ 5 ° C, the solution is kept for 8 hours for solution treatment, and various treatments are performed by solution treatment.
  • the element dissolves more evenly to improve the toughness of the aluminum-silicon alloy parts.
  • After the solution treatment of the raw materials it is cooled by warm water of 35 °C-60 °C, and then at a temperature of 154 °C ⁇ 5 °C.
  • the aging treatment is continued for 8 hours to eliminate the internal stress in the aluminum-silicon alloy parts, improve the strength and toughness of the aluminum-silicon alloy parts, and make the aluminum-silicon alloy parts easier to process.
  • Example 9 The procedure of the procedure of Example 8 was repeated according to the raw material components in Table 2, and the results of the mechanical properties of the aluminum-silicon-based alloy produced in the procedure of Example 9 as described in Example 8 are shown in Table 2.
  • Example 10 The procedure of the procedure of Example 8 was repeated according to the raw material components in Table 2, and the results of the mechanical properties of the aluminum-silicon-based alloy produced in the procedure of Example 10 as described in Example 8 are shown in Table 2.
  • Example 11 The procedure of Example 8 was repeated in accordance with the raw material components in Table 2, and the results of the mechanical properties of the aluminum-silicon-based alloy produced in the procedure of Example 11 as described in Example 8 are shown in Table 2.
  • Example 12 The procedure of Example 8 was repeated according to the raw material components in Table 2, and the results of the mechanical properties of the aluminum-silicon-based alloy produced by the procedure described in Example 8 for the raw material of Example 12 are shown in Table 2.
  • Example 13 The procedure of Example 8 was repeated in accordance with the raw material components in Table 2, and the results of the mechanical properties of the aluminum-silicon-based alloy produced in the procedure of Example 13 in Example 13 were as shown in Table 2.
  • Example 14 The procedure of the procedure of Example 8 was repeated in accordance with the raw material components in Table 2, and the results of the mechanical properties of the aluminum-silicon-based alloy produced in the procedure of Example 14 as described in Example 8 are shown in Table 1. It should be noted that the embodiments of the aluminum-silicon-based alloys shown in the first embodiment to the seventh embodiment are merely enumerated in the preferred embodiments, and those skilled in the art can easily produce and refer to the examples of the first to seventh embodiments.
  • the present invention proposes an aluminum-silicon alloy having similar properties of an aluminum-silicon alloy, for example, the element weight percentage is 8.4 for the silicon, 0.46% for the magnesium, 0.18% for the titanium, and 0.16% for the vanadium.
  • the copper is 2.0%
  • the aluminum balance is an aluminum-silicon alloy. Table 2:

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Abstract

一种铝硅系合金及其生产方法,该铝硅系合金按照质量百分比计,组分为:硅 7.5%-10.2%,镁 0.35%-0.60%,钛 0.10%-0.25%,硼 0.010%-0.025%,铜 1.5%-2.5%,铝余量;或该铝硅系合金按照质量百分比计,组分为:硅 7.5%-10.2%,镁 0.35%-0.60%,钛 0.10%-0.25%,钒 0.10%-0.20%,铜 1.5%-2.5%,铝余量。熔炼得到具有上述组分的铝合金液后通过挤压铸造得到零件,随后进行固溶和时效。

Description

铝硅系合金及其生产方法 技术领域 本发明涉及铝合金技术领域, 尤其涉及一种铝硅系合金及其生产方法。 背景技术 铸造铝合金作为传统的金属材料, 具有比重低、 比强度高、 易加工、 成本低和耐 腐蚀性能, 生产零件灵活、 简单, 易于批量生产等特点, 广泛应用于航空、 航天、 汽 车、 机械等行业。 随着现代工业的发展, 挤压铸造的应用越来越多。 尽管成形过程中 挤压铸造施加了较大的压力, 有利于铸件的成型, 但由于成型时间短, 相对于金属型 铸造(重力铸造), 对材料的流动性要求更高。 而高强韧材料一般流动性略差, 因此挤 压铸造制作的高强韧复杂零件内部缺陷难以避免。 目前高强韧铸造铝合金已形成完整系列, 性能和生产工艺都趋于稳定。 高强韧铸 造铝合金主要有铝铜系和铝锌系的合金, 以及添加了稀土的改良型铝合金。 铝铜系和 铝锌系的合金铸造性能偏差, 耐腐蚀性能较差,添加稀土的改良型铝合金则成本较高。 由于汽车、 机械和通讯等行业要求具有优良的铸造性能 , 如流动性好、 气密性好和热 裂倾向小, 具有高的强度和优良的韧性, 同时又要耐腐蚀性能好, 成本低, 适合大批 量生产, 需要对铝硅系合金进行改进。 多年来, 为获得适用于挤压铸造的高强韧铝合 金, 国内外开展了多方位的研究, 如加入锶元素的 A356材料, 但存在内部针孔以及 流动性偏差等问题。 也有一些研究通过添加稀土等元素来改进, 提高铸造性能和力学 性能, 但是熔铸工艺较复杂, 成本较高。 发明内容 本发明提供了一种铝硅系合金及其生产方法, 旨在保证低成本的前提下, 提高铝 合金的强度和韧性, 改善铝硅合金的挤压铸造成形性能。 本发明实施例提供了一种铝硅系合金, 按重量百分比计, 该铝硅系合金包括以下 组分: 硅 7.5%- 10.2% , 镁 0.35%-0.60% , 钛 0.10%-0.25% , 硼 0.010%-0.025% , 铜 1.5%-2.5%, 铝余量。 优选地, 所述硅为 7.8%-9.1%, 所述镁为 0.40%-0.50%, 所述钛为 0.15%-0.20%, 所述硼为 0.015%-0.020%, 所述铜为 1.6%-2.2%, 所述铝余量。 优选地, 所述硅为 8.2%, 所述镁为 0.48%, 所述钛为 0.20%, 所述硼为 0.02%, 所述铜为 2.2%, 所述铝余量。
本发明实施例还提供了一种铝硅系合金的生产方法, 该方法包括以下步骤: 按照元素的重量百分比为硅 7.5%-9.6%, 镁 0.35%-0.55%, 钛 0.10%-0.25%, 硼
0.010%-0.025%, 铜 1.5%-2.5%, 铝余量进行原材料配比; 对配比后的原材料进行熔炼得到铝合金溶液, 并对铝合金溶液挤压铸造成型形成 铝硅合金零件; 对挤压铸造成型后的铝硅合金零件进行热处理。 优选地, 所述对挤压铸造成型后的铝硅合金零件进行热处理的步骤包括: 对挤压铸造成型后的铝硅合金零件进行温度 527°C ± 5 °C,时长 8小时的固溶处理; 采用 35 °C-60°C的温水对固溶处理后的铝硅合金进行冷却; 对冷却后的铝硅合金零件进行温度 154°C ± 5 °C, 时长 8小时的时效处理。 优选地, 所述对配比后的原材料进行熔炼得到铝合金溶液, 并对铝合金溶液挤压 铸造成型形成铝硅合金零件的步骤包括: 将配比的原材料按照熔点由低到高依次的加入熔炼炉; 在 725 °C ± 5 °C的温度条件下持续 15min对原材料进行精炼处理得到铝合金溶液; 将得到的铝合金溶液在 690°C ± 5 °C的温度条件下挤压铸造成型形成铝硅合金零 件。
本发明实施例还提供了一种铝硅系合金, 按重量百分比计, 该铝硅系合金包括以 下组分: 硅 7.5%- 10.2% , 镁 0.35%-0.60%, 钛 0.10%-0.25%, 钒 0.10%-0.20% , 铜 1.5%-2.5%, 铝余量。 优选地, 所述硅为 7.8%-9.1%, 所述镁为 0.40%-0.50%, 所述钛为 0.15%-0.20%, 所述钒为 0. 13%-0.18%, 所述铜为 1.6%-2.2%, 所述铝余量。 优选地, 所述硅为 8.2%, 所述镁为 0.48%, 所述钛为 0.20%, 所述钒为 0.15%, 所述铜为 2.2%, 所述铝余量。
本发明实施例还提供了一种铝硅系合金的生产方法, 该方法包括以下步骤: 按照元素的重量百分比为硅 7.5%-10.2%, 镁 0.35%-0.60%, 钛 0.10%-0.25%, 钒
0.10%-0.20%, 铜 1.5%-2.5%, 铝余量进行原材料配比; 对配比后的原材料进行熔炼得到铝合金溶液, 并对铝合金溶液挤压铸造成型形成 铝硅合金零件; 对挤压铸造成型后的铝硅合金零件进行热处理。 优选地, 所述对挤压铸造成型后的铝硅合金零件进行热处理的步骤包括: 对挤压成型后的铝硅合金零件进行温度 527°C ± 5 °C, 时长 8小时的固溶处理; 采用 35 °C-60°C的温水对固溶处理后的铝硅合金进行冷却; 对冷却后的铝硅合金零件进行温度 154°C ± 5 °C, 时长 8小时的时效处理。 优选地, 所述对配比后的原材料进行熔炼得到铝合金溶液, 并对铝合金溶液挤压 铸造成型形成铝硅合金零件的步骤包括: 将配比的原材料按照熔点由低到高依次的加入熔炼炉; 在 725 °C ± 5 °C的温度条件下持续 15min对原材料进行精炼处理得到铝合金溶液; 将得到的铝合金溶液在 690°C ± 5 °C的温度条件下挤压铸造成型形成铝硅合金零
在本发明上述实施例所提供的铝硅系合金及其生产方法中, 该铝硅系合金按重量 百分比计, 包括组分: 硅 7.5%-10.2%, 镁 0.35%-0.60%, 钛 0.10%-0.25%, 硼 0.010%-0.025%, 铜 1.5%-2.5%, 铝余量; 或者该铝硅系合金按重量百分比计, 包括组 分:硅 7.5%-10.2%,镁 0.35%-0.60%,钛 0.10%-0.25%,钒 0.10%-0.20%,铜 1.5%-2.5%, 铝余量, 该铝硅系合金的强度及韧性均较好, 易于加工, 并且流动性好适用于复杂零 件的生产, 改善铝硅合金的挤压铸造成形性能, 同时成本较低。 具体实施方式 下面结合具体实施例就本发明的技术方案做进一步的说明。 应当理解, 此处所描 述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明, 并不用于限定本发明。 实施例 1 本实施例所涉及的组分含量按表 1指定的含量给定。 铝硅合金按照以下步骤制成: 步骤 S10, 按照元素的重量百分比为硅 7.5%-10.2%, 镁 0.35%-0.60%, 钛 0.10%-0.25%, 钒 0.10%-0.20%, 铜 1.5%-2.5%, 铝余量进行原材料配比; 在本实施例中, 原材料为纯铝、 纯镁、 铝铜合金、 铝硅中间合金、 铝钛中间合金、 铝硼中间合金等。可用钛硼合金或铝钛硼中间合金代替铝钛中间合金和铝硼中间合金, 也可在成分固定的 354、 A356等铝硅系合金的基础上加入其它合金以调整合金的成分, 并且可采用 354、 A356等铝硅系合金的废料来生产, 节省制造工序以节省成本。 步骤 S20, 对配比后的原材料进行熔炼得到铝合金溶液, 并对铝合金溶液挤压铸 造成型形成铝硅合金零件; 在本实施例中熔炼温度优选为 725°C ± 5°C, 精炼时长为 15min, 精炼时采用的保 护气体为氩气或氮气, 在精炼的同时, 进行扒渣操作, 以去除杂质; 在精炼之后静置 预设的时间间隔 (例如 lOmin), 检测熔融状态的原材料的含氢量、 含渣量合格后, 以 690°C ± 5°C进行挤压铸造成型形成铝硅合金零件, 以确保挤压成型后的形成铝硅合金 零件合格, 避免出现缺陷 (例如疏松、 硬质点以及成分不足), 导致材料的浪费。 在本实施例中, 熔炼可采用坩埚以及中频电磁炉等熔炼装置对混合后的原材料进 行熔炼, 以下以坩埚为例熔炼 100公斤铝合金溶液进行说明: 预热坩埚至 300°C以上时加入 63.5公斤的纯铝锭 (A1 99.80)、 30.2公斤的铝硅中 间合金 (25%Si)、 3.4公斤的铝铜合金 (50%Cu), 继续加热至 700°C时加入 0.4公斤 的纯镁锭(Mg 99.95 ), 加热至 720 °C时加入 0.46公斤的铝钛硼合金(40%Ti4%B ), 并 采用 GBF (气泡过滤) 法精炼溶液, 同时扒渣。 步骤 S30, 对挤压铸造成型后的铝硅合金零件进行热处理。 通过挤压铸造成形, 挤压成型后的铝硅合金零件降到室温后, 放入固溶炉中, 固 溶炉温度为 527°C ± 5 °C时, 持续保温 8小时进行固溶处理, 通过固溶处理使得各种元 素溶解的更加均匀, 以提高铝硅合金零件的韧性, 在对原材料进行固溶处理后采用 35 °C-60°C的温水进行冷却,然后在 154°C ± 5 °C的温度条件下,持续 8小时进行时效处 理, 以消除该铝硅合金零件中的内应力, 提高铝硅合金零件的强度和韧性, 并且使得 该铝硅合金零件更易加工。 对挤压成型后的铝硅合金进行固溶处理以及时效处理之后, 使得该铝硅合金的强 度、 韧性、 耐腐蚀性能和铸造性能较好, 且未加入稀土元素, 成本较低且流动性好, 适用于复杂零件的挤压铸造生产, 改善了铝硅合金的挤压铸造成形性能。 该铝硅系合 金的力学性能测试结果如表 1所示。 实施例 2 按表 1中的原料组分重复实施例 1的步骤, 对实施例 2中的原材料按实施例 1所 述的步骤生产的铝硅系合金的力学性能检测结果如表 1所示。 实施例 3 按表 1中的原料组分重复实施例 1的步骤, 对实施例 3中的原材料按实施例 1所 述的步骤生产的铝硅系合金的力学性能检测结果如表 1所示。 实施例 4 按表 1中的原料组分重复实施例 1的步骤, 对实施例 4中的原材料按实施例 1所 述的步骤生产的铝硅系合金的力学性能检测结果如表 1所示。 实施例 5 按表 1中的原料组分重复实施例 1的步骤, 对实施例 5中的原材料按实施例 1所 述的步骤生产的铝硅系合金的力学性能检测结果如表 1所示。 实施例 6 按表 1中的原料组分重复实施例 1的步骤, 对实施例 6中的原材料按实施例 1所 述的步骤生产的铝硅系合金的力学性能检测结果如表 1所示。 实施例 7 按表 1中的原料组分重复实施例 1的步骤, 对实施例 7中的原材料按实施例 1所 述的步骤生产的铝硅系合金的力学性能检测结果如表 1所示。 需要说明的是, 实施例 1至实施例 7所示出铝硅系合金的实施例仅仅是较佳实施 例枚举, 本领域技术人员参照实施例 1至实施例 7的示例, 可以轻易生产与本发明提 出铝硅系合金的性能相似的铝硅系合金, 例如, 元素重量百分比为所述硅为 8.4, 所述 镁为 0.46%, 所述钛为 0.18%, 所述硼为 0.016%, 所述铜为 2.0%, 所述铝余量的铝硅 系合金。 表 1 :
实施例 1 实施例 2 实施例 3 实施例 4 实施例 5 实施例 6 实施例 7
7.5 7.8 9.0 8.2 8.6 9.1 9.6 组 镁 0.35 0.40 0.47 0.48 0.50 0.52 0.55 分
钛 0.10 0.12 0.21 0.20 0.18 0.16 0.25 百
分 硼 0.01 0.014 0.019 0.020 0.014 0.016 0.025 比
铜 1.5 1.6 1.7 2.2 2.0 1.8 2.5 铝 余量 余量 余量 余量 余量 余量 余量 纯铝锭 65.54 63.0 1 62.2 59.82 1 1 纯镁锭 0.4 0.4 1 0.5 1 0.2 1 铝铜合
金(50% 3.4 3.8 0.4 4 4 3.4 0.5 原 铜)
料 铝硅中
质 间合金
華: 30.2 31.4 1 32.8 34.4 11.7 1
( 25%
百 硅)
分 铝钛硼
比 中间合
金(40% 0.46 1 0.5 0.5 1 1 1 钛 ,4%
硼)
A356铝
1 1 1 1 1 83.3 1 锭
铝硼合
金 (5% 1 0.4 1 1 0.38 0.4 0.2 硼) 354 铝
1 1 99.1 1 1 1 99.3 锭
铁合
1 1 1 1 1.4 1 1
( 0.15
%钛) 力 抗拉强
390 420 428 434 424 430 418 学 度/ MPa
延伸率 8.2% 8.3% 8.3% 8.5% 8.2% 8.0%
其中, A356铝锭中的元素重量百分比为: 硅 7.27、 镁 0.419、 钛 0.195、 铁 0.119、 铜 0.153、 锌 0.025、 锰 0.073、 铝余量。 354铝锭中的元素重量百分比为: 硅 9.09、 镁 0.476、 钛 0.025、 铁 0.107、 铜 1.53、 锌 0.026、 猛 0.075、 铝余量。
实施例 8 本实施例所涉及的组分含量按表 2指定的含量给定。 铝硅合金按照以下步骤制成: 步骤 S40, 按照元素的重量百分比为硅 7.5%-10.2%, 镁 0.35%-0.60%, 钛 0.10%-0.25%, 钒 0.10%-0.20%, 铜 1.5%-2.5%, 铝余量进行原材料配比; 在本实施例中, 原材料为纯铝、 纯镁、 铝铜合金、 铝硅中间合金、 铝钛中间合金、 铝硼中间合金等。 步骤 S50, 对配比后的原材料进行熔炼得到铝合金溶液, 并对铝合金溶液挤压铸 造成型形成铝硅合金零件; 在本实施例中熔炼温度优选为 725 °C ± 5 °C, 精炼时长为 15min, 精炼时采用的保 护气体为氩气或氮气, 在精炼的同时, 进行扒渣操作, 以去除杂质; 在精炼之后静置 预设的时间间隔 (例如 lOmin), 检测熔融状态的原材料的含氢量、 含渣量合格后, 以 690°C ± 5 °C进行挤压铸造形成铝硅合金零件, 以确保挤压成型后的形成铝硅合金零件 合格, 避免出现缺陷 (例如疏松、 硬质点以及成分不足), 导致材料的浪费。 在本实施例中, 熔炼可采用坩埚以及中频电磁炉等熔炼装置对混合后的原材料进 行熔炼, 以下以坩埚为例熔炼 100公斤铝合金溶液进行说明: 预热坩埚至 300°C以上时加入 63.5公斤的纯铝锭 ( A1 99.80)、 30.2公斤的铝硅中 间合金 (25%Si)、 3.4公斤的铝铜合金 (50%Cu)、 2.0公斤的铝钒中间合金 (A1V4), 继续加热至 700°C时加入 0.4公斤的纯镁锭 (Mg 99.95 ) 以及 0.8公斤的铝钛中间合金 ( 0.15%Ti), 并采用 GBF (气泡过滤) 法精炼溶液, 同时扒渣。 步骤 S60, 对挤压铸造成型后的铝硅合金零件进行热处理。 通过挤压铸造成形,零件降到室温后,放入固溶炉中,固溶炉温度设为 527°C ± 5 °C 时, 持续保温 8小时进行固溶处理, 通过固溶处理使得各种元素溶解的更加均匀, 以 提高铝硅合金零件的韧性, 在对原材料进行固溶处理后采用 35 °C-60°C的温水进行冷 却, 然后在 154°C ± 5 °C的温度条件下, 持续 8小时进行时效处理, 以消除该铝硅合金 零件中的内应力, 提高铝硅合金零件的强度和韧性, 并且使得该铝硅合金零件更易加 工。 对挤压成型后的铝硅合金零件进行固溶处理以及时效处理之后, 使得该铝硅合金 零件的强度、 韧性、 耐腐蚀性能和铸造性能较好, 成本较低且流动性好, 适用于复杂 零件的挤压铸造生产。 该铝硅系合金的的力学性能测试结果如表 2所示。 实施例 9 按表 2中的原料组分重复实施例 8的步骤, 对实施例 9中的原材料按实施例 8所 述的步骤生产的铝硅系合金的力学性能检测结果如表 2所示。 实施例 10 按表 2中的原料组分重复实施例 8的步骤, 对实施例 10中的原材料按实施例 8 所述的步骤生产的铝硅系合金的力学性能检测结果如表 2所示。 实施例 11 按表 2中的原料组分重复实施例 8的步骤, 对实施例 11 中的原材料按实施例 8 所述的步骤生产的铝硅系合金的力学性能检测结果如表 2所示。 实施例 12 按表 2中的原料组分重复实施例 8的步骤, 对实施例 12中的原材料按实施例 8 所述的步骤生产的铝硅系合金的力学性能检测结果如表 2所示。 实施例 13 按表 2中的原料组分重复实施例 8的步骤, 对实施例 13 中的原材料按实施例 8 所述的步骤生产的铝硅系合金的力学性能检测结果如表 2所示。 实施例 14 按表 2中的原料组分重复实施例 8的步骤, 对实施例 14中的原材料按实施例 8 所述的步骤生产的铝硅系合金的力学性能检测结果如表 1所示。 需要说明的是, 实施例 1至实施例 7所示出铝硅系合金的实施例仅仅是较佳实施 例枚举, 本领域技术人员参照实施例 1至实施例 7的示例, 可以轻易生产与本发明提 出铝硅系合金的性能相似的铝硅系合金, 例如, 元素重量百分比为所述硅为 8.4, 所述 镁为 0.46%, 所述钛为 0.18%, 所述钒为 0.16%, 所述铜为 2.0%, 所述铝余量的铝硅 系合金。 表 2:
Figure imgf000010_0001
材 铝硅中
料 间合金
30.2 31.4 36.0 32.8 34.4 36.4 38.4 质 ( 25%
華:
硅)
百 机合
分 金 (5% 2.0 2.4 2.6 3.0 3.2 3.6 4.0 比 钒)
铁合
0.8 1 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.7
( 0.15
%钛) 力 抗拉强
380 406 418 436 424 428 390 学 度/ MPa
延伸率 7.8% 8.0% 8.4% 8.7% 8.4% 8.2% 8.0%
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例, 并非因此限制本发明的专利范围, 凡是利用 本发明说明书内容所作的等效结构变换, 或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域, 均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书 、 一种铝硅系合金, 按重量百分比计, 包括以下组分: 硅 7.5%-10.2%, 镁 0.35%-0.60%, 钛 0.10%-0.25%, 硼 0.010%-0.025%, 铜 1.5%-2.5%, 铝余量。 、 根据权利要求 1 所述的铝硅系合金, 其中, 所述硅为 7.8%-9.1%, 所述镁为 0.40%-0.50% , 所述钛为 0.15%-0.20%, 所述硼为 0.015%-0.020% , 所述铜为 1.6%-2.2%, 所述铝余量。 、 根据权利要求 1所述的铝硅系合金, 其中, 所述硅为 8.2%, 所述镁为 0.48%, 所述钛为 0.20%, 所述硼为 0.02%, 所述铜为 2.2%, 所述铝余量。 、 一种铝硅系合金的生产方法, 包括:
按照元素的重量百分比为硅 7.5%-9.6%,镁 0.35%-0.55%,钛 0.10%-0.25%, 硼 0.010%-0.025%, 铜 1.5%-2.5%, 铝余量进行原材料配比; 对配比后的原材料进行熔炼得到铝合金溶液, 并对铝合金溶液挤压铸造成 型形成铝硅合金零件; 对挤压铸造成型后的铝硅合金零件进行热处理。 、 根据权利要求 4所述的方法, 其中, 所述对挤压铸造成型后的铝硅合金零件进 行热处理的步骤包括:
对挤压铸造成型后的铝硅合金零件进行温度 527°C ± 5 °C, 时长 8小时的固 溶处理;
采用 35 °C-60°C的温水对固溶处理后的铝硅合金进行冷却; 对冷却后的铝硅合金零件进行温度 154°C ± 5 °C, 时长 8小时的时效处理。 、 根据权利要求 4或 5所述的方法, 其中, 所述对配比后的原材料进行熔炼得到 铝合金溶液, 并对铝合金溶液挤压铸造成型形成铝硅合金零件的步骤包括: 将配比的原材料按照熔点由低到高依次的加入熔炼炉;
在 725 °C ± 5 °C的温度条件下持续 15min对原材料进行精炼处理得到铝合金 溶液;
将得到的铝合金溶液在 690°C ± 5 °C的温度条件下挤压铸造成型形成铝硅 合金零件。 、 一种铝硅系合金, 按重量百分比计, 包括以下组分: 硅 7.5%-10.2%, 镁 0.35%-0.60%, 钛 0.10%-0.25%, 钒 0.10%-0.20%, 铜 1.5%-2.5%, 铝余量。 、 根据权利要求 7 所述的铝硅系合金, 其中, 所述硅为 7.8%-9.1%, 所述镁为 0.40%-0.50% , 所述钛为 0.15%-0.20%, 所述钒为 0. 13%-0.18% , 所述铜为 1.6%-2.2%, 所述铝余量。 、 根据权利要求 7所述的铝硅系合金, 其中, 所述硅为 8.2%, 所述镁为 0.48%, 所述钛为 0.20%, 所述钒为 0.15%, 所述铜为 2.2%, 所述铝余量。 0、 一种铝硅系合金的生产方法, 包括:
按照元素的重量百分比为硅 7.5%-10.2%,镁 0.35%-0.60%,钛 0.10%-0.25%, 钒 0.10%-0.20%, 铜 1.5%-2.5%, 铝余量进行原材料配比; 对配比后的原材料进行熔炼得到铝合金溶液, 并对铝合金溶液挤压铸造成 型形成铝硅合金零件; 对挤压铸造成型后的铝硅合金零件进行热处理。 1、 根据权利要求 10所述的方法,其中,所述对挤压铸造成型后的铝硅合金零件进 行热处理的步骤包括:
对挤压成型后的铝硅合金零件进行温度 527°C ± 5 °C, 时长 8小时的固溶处 理;
采用 35 °C-60°C的温水对固溶处理后的铝硅合金进行冷却; 对冷却后的铝硅合金零件进行温度 154°C ± 5 °C, 时长 8小时的时效处理。 、 根据权利要求 10或 11所述的方法, 其中, 所述对配比后的原材料进行熔炼得 到铝合金溶液, 并对铝合金溶液挤压铸造成型形成铝硅合金零件的步骤包括: 将配比的原材料按照熔点由低到高依次的加入熔炼炉;
在 725 °C ± 5 °C的温度条件下持续 15min对原材料进行精炼处理得到铝合金 溶液;
将得到的铝合金溶液在 690°C ± 5 °C的温度条件下挤压铸造成型形成铝硅 合金零件。
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