WO2016013333A1 - 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システムの制御方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システムの制御方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016013333A1 WO2016013333A1 PCT/JP2015/067336 JP2015067336W WO2016013333A1 WO 2016013333 A1 WO2016013333 A1 WO 2016013333A1 JP 2015067336 W JP2015067336 W JP 2015067336W WO 2016013333 A1 WO2016013333 A1 WO 2016013333A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- gas
- flow rate
- temperature
- cooling water
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04768—Pressure; Flow of the coolant
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04253—Means for solving freezing problems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04328—Temperature; Ambient temperature of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04343—Temperature; Ambient temperature of anode exhausts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04708—Temperature of fuel cell reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04731—Temperature of other components of a fuel cell or fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04828—Humidity; Water content
- H01M8/0485—Humidity; Water content of the electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system for circulating anode gas discharged from a fuel cell to the fuel cell, and a control method for the fuel cell system.
- JP 2010-146751A discloses a fuel cell system including a heat exchanger that heats anode gas supplied to a fuel cell by using cooling water heated by the fuel cell.
- the temperature of the anode gas supplied from the tank may be lower than the freezing point, and when the anode gas supplied from the tank and the anode off gas discharged from the fuel cell merge, the anode off gas
- the water vapor inside may freeze, and ice may be formed in the flow path.
- the present invention has been made paying attention to such a problem, and prevents the freezing of components that circulate the gas discharged from the fuel cell to the fuel cell while prematurely warming up the fuel cell. It is an object to provide a system and a control method for a fuel cell system.
- a fuel cell system for supplying an anode gas and a cathode gas to a fuel cell and generating the fuel cell in accordance with a load includes supplying one of the anode gas and the cathode gas to the fuel cell.
- the fuel cell system includes a heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the refrigerant that is heated in the fuel cell and the gas that is supplied to the gas supply passage, and the fuel cell system that is provided in the gas supply passage. And circulating the one gas discharged from the fuel cell to the fuel cell.
- the fuel cell system further includes a warm-up control unit that controls the flow rate of the refrigerant to a predetermined flow rate for warming up the fuel cell when the fuel cell is warmed up.
- the fuel cell system is supplied to the heat exchanger based on the temperature of the gas circulated by the component or a parameter related to the temperature when the flow rate of the refrigerant is controlled by the warm-up control unit.
- a gas temperature increase control unit for increasing the flow rate of the refrigerant.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a fuel cell system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a basic configuration of a controller that controls the fuel cell system.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of a control method of the fuel cell system in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration for calculating the temperature of the anode gas discharged from the jet pump in the controller.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the cooling water flow rate controller in the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a freeze prevention control map determined to prevent the gas flow path from freezing.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a correction map for correcting the coolant flow rate obtained from the freeze prevention control map.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an excessive temperature rise prevention map that prevents the temperature of the fuel cell stack from becoming too high during the startup process of the fuel cell system.
- FIG. 9 is a time chart showing a cooling water flow rate control method in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a time chart showing a cooling water flow rate control method when the temperature difference between the supply gas supplied to the jet pump and the circulating gas becomes small.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the configuration of the fuel cell system according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the cooling water flow rate control unit in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a view showing a rotation speed command map of the cooling water pump.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a rotational speed command map of the bypass cooling water pump.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a configuration of a fuel cell system according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a cooling water flow rate control unit in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a view showing a bypass valve opening command map.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the fuel cell system 100 constitutes a power supply system that supplies fuel gas necessary for power generation from the outside to the fuel cell and generates power in accordance with the electric load.
- the fuel cell system 100 is controlled by a controller 110.
- the fuel cell system 100 includes a fuel cell stack 1, a battery 2, a DC / DC converter 3, an electric load 4, a cathode gas supply / discharge device 10, an anode gas supply / discharge device 20, a stack cooling device 30, And a stack resistance measuring device 45.
- Each of the cathode gas supply / discharge device 10, the anode gas supply / discharge device 20, and the stack cooling device 30 is an auxiliary device for generating power in the fuel cell stack 1.
- the battery 2 is a power source that assists the fuel cell stack 1.
- the battery 2 outputs a voltage of several hundred volts, for example.
- the DC / DC converter 3 is a bidirectional voltage converter that mutually adjusts the voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 and the voltage of the battery 2.
- the DC / DC converter 3 is connected between the fuel cell stack 1 and the battery 2.
- the DC / DC converter 3 is controlled by the controller 110 and adjusts the voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 using the power output from the battery 2. For example, the DC / DC converter 3 lowers the voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 so that the output current extracted from the fuel cell stack 1 increases as the required power required from the electric load 4 increases.
- Electrical load 4 is driven by power supplied from fuel cell stack 1 and battery 2.
- Examples of the electric load 4 include an electric motor that drives a vehicle and a part of auxiliary equipment of the fuel cell stack 1.
- the electric load 4 is connected to a power supply line that connects the fuel cell stack 1 and the DC / DC converter 3.
- the electric motor is connected to the power line between the fuel cell stack 1 and the DC / DC converter 3, and a part of the auxiliary machine is connected to the power line between the battery 2 and the DC / DC converter 3. There may be.
- the fuel cell stack 1 is formed by stacking hundreds of battery cells, and generates a DC voltage of, for example, several hundred volts (volts).
- a fuel cell includes an anode electrode (fuel electrode), a cathode electrode (oxidant electrode), and an electrolyte membrane sandwiched between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode.
- an anode gas (fuel gas) containing hydrogen in the anode electrode and a cathode gas (oxidant gas) containing oxygen in the cathode electrode cause an electrochemical reaction (power generation reaction) in the electrolyte membrane. Specifically, the following electrochemical reaction proceeds at the anode electrode and the cathode electrode.
- Anode electrode 2H 2 ⁇ 4H + + 4e ⁇ (1)
- Cathode electrode 4H + + 4e ⁇ + O 2 ⁇ 2H 2 O (2)
- Electromotive force is generated and water is generated by the electrochemical reaction shown in (1) and (2) above. Since the fuel cells stacked on the fuel cell stack 1 are connected in series, the sum of the cell voltages generated in each fuel cell becomes the output voltage of the fuel cell stack 1.
- the fuel cell stack 1 is supplied with cathode gas from the cathode gas supply / discharge device 10 and with anode gas from the anode gas supply / discharge device 20.
- the cathode gas supply / discharge device 10 is a device that supplies cathode gas to the fuel cell stack 1 and discharges cathode off-gas discharged from the fuel cell stack 1 to the atmosphere.
- the cathode off gas contains an excess of cathode gas that has not been consumed in the fuel cell stack 1 and impurities such as generated water accompanying power generation.
- the cathode gas supply / discharge device 10 includes a cathode gas supply passage 11, a compressor 12, a cathode gas discharge passage 13, a cathode pressure regulating valve 14, a bypass passage 15, and a bypass valve 16.
- the cathode gas supply passage 11 is a passage for supplying cathode gas to the fuel cell stack 1.
- One end of the cathode gas supply passage 11 communicates with a passage for taking in air containing oxygen from outside air, and the other end is connected to a cathode gas inlet hole of the fuel cell stack 1.
- the compressor 12 is provided in the cathode gas supply passage 11.
- the compressor 12 takes air from the outside air into the cathode gas supply passage 11 and supplies the air as the cathode gas to the fuel cell stack 1.
- the compressor 12 is controlled by the controller 110.
- the cathode gas discharge passage 13 is a passage for discharging the cathode off gas from the fuel cell stack 1.
- One end of the cathode gas discharge passage 13 is connected to the cathode gas outlet hole of the fuel cell stack 1, and the other end is opened.
- the cathode pressure regulating valve 14 is provided in the cathode gas discharge passage 13.
- an electromagnetic valve capable of changing the opening degree of the valve stepwise is used as the cathode pressure regulating valve 14.
- the cathode pressure regulating valve 14 is controlled to open and close by the controller 110. By this open / close control, the pressure of the cathode gas supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 is adjusted to a desired pressure.
- the bypass passage 15 is a passage for directly discharging a part of the cathode gas discharged from the compressor 12 to the cathode gas discharge passage 13 without supplying it to the fuel cell stack 1.
- bypass passage 15 One end of the bypass passage 15 is connected to the cathode gas supply passage 11 between the compressor 12 and the fuel cell stack 1, and the other end is connected to the cathode gas discharge passage 13 upstream of the cathode pressure regulating valve 14. That is, the bypass passage 15 branches from the cathode gas supply passage 11 downstream of the compressor 12 and joins the cathode gas discharge passage 13 upstream of the cathode pressure regulating valve 14.
- the bypass valve 16 is provided in the bypass passage 15.
- an electromagnetic valve that can change the opening degree of the valve in stages is used as the bypass valve 16.
- the bypass valve 16 is controlled by the controller 110.
- the flow rate of cathode gas required to dilute hydrogen discharged from the fuel cell stack 1 (hereinafter referred to as “hydrogen dilution request flow rate”) is greater than the flow rate of cathode gas required for the fuel cell stack 1. Is also increased, the bypass valve 16 is opened.
- the cathode gas flow rate required to avoid the surge generated in the compressor 12 (hereinafter referred to as “surge avoidance required flow rate”) is larger than the cathode gas flow rate required for the fuel cell stack 1.
- the bypass valve 16 is opened.
- the bypass valve 16 is closed when the flow rate of the cathode gas required for the fuel cell stack 1 is larger than the hydrogen dilution request flow rate or the surge avoidance request flow rate.
- the anode gas supply / discharge device 20 supplies an anode gas to the fuel cell stack 1 and removes impurities in the anode off gas while circulating the anode off gas discharged from the fuel cell stack 1 to the fuel cell stack 1. is there. Impurities are nitrogen in the air that has permeated from the cathode electrode through the electrolyte membrane to the anode electrode, water produced by power generation, and the like.
- the anode gas supply / discharge device 20 includes a high-pressure tank 21, an anode gas supply passage 22, a heat exchanger 23, an anode pressure regulating valve 24, a jet pump 25, an anode gas circulation passage 26, and a gas-liquid separation device 27.
- the high pressure tank 21 stores the anode gas supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 in a high pressure state.
- the anode gas supply passage 22 is a passage for supplying the anode gas stored in the high-pressure tank 21 to the fuel cell stack 1.
- One end of the anode gas supply passage 22 is connected to the high-pressure tank 21, and the other end is connected to the anode gas inlet hole of the fuel cell stack 1.
- the heat exchanger 23 is provided in the anode gas supply passage 22 upstream of the anode pressure regulating valve 24.
- the heat exchanger 23 exchanges heat between the cooling water heated in the fuel cell stack 1 and the anode gas supplied from the high-pressure tank 21.
- the cooling water is a refrigerant for cooling the fuel cell stack 1.
- the heat exchanger 23 When the fuel cell system 100 is started at a low temperature, the heat exchanger 23 has a function of heating the anode gas supplied to the anode gas supply passage 22 by the cooling water warmed by the fuel cell stack 1.
- the anode pressure regulating valve 24 is provided in the anode gas supply passage 22 between the heat exchanger 23 and the jet pump 25.
- an electromagnetic valve capable of changing the opening degree of the valve stepwise is used as the anode pressure regulating valve 24.
- the anode pressure regulating valve 24 is controlled to be opened and closed by the controller 110. By this opening / closing control, the pressure of the anode gas supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 is adjusted.
- a temperature sensor 41 for detecting the temperature of the anode gas supplied from the high-pressure tank 21 (hereinafter referred to as “supply gas temperature”) is provided in the anode gas supply passage 22 between the anode pressure regulating valve 24 and the jet pump 25. It has been.
- the temperature sensor 41 supplies a detection signal indicating the detected temperature to the controller 110.
- the temperature sensor 41 is provided in the anode gas supply passage 22 between the anode pressure regulating valve 24 and the jet pump 25, but the anode gas between the heat exchanger 23 and the anode pressure regulating valve 24 is used. It may be provided in the supply passage 22.
- the jet pump 25 is provided in the anode gas supply passage 22 between the anode pressure regulating valve 24 and the fuel cell stack 1.
- the jet pump 25 is a pump or an ejector that joins the anode gas circulation passage 26 to the anode gas supply passage 22. By using the jet pump 25, the anode off gas can be circulated through the fuel cell stack 1 with a simple configuration.
- the jet pump 25 increases the flow rate of the anode gas supplied from the anode pressure regulating valve 24 to suck the anode off gas discharged from the fuel cell stack 1 and circulate the anode off gas to the fuel cell stack 1.
- the jet pump 25 includes, for example, a nozzle and a diffuser.
- the nozzle accelerates the flow rate of the anode gas and injects it into the diffuser.
- the nozzle is formed in a cylindrical shape, and the opening becomes narrower as it approaches the tip of the nozzle. As a result, the flow rate of the anode gas is increased at the tip and is injected into the diffuser.
- the diffuser sucks the anode off gas by the flow rate of the anode gas injected from the nozzle.
- the diffuser joins the anode gas injected from the nozzle and the sucked anode off gas, and discharges the joined gas to the fuel cell stack 1.
- the diffuser has a confluence passage formed coaxially with the nozzle.
- the opening of the merge passage is formed wider as it approaches the discharge port.
- the diffuser is formed with a cylindrical suction chamber extending from the suction port to the tip of the nozzle, and the suction chamber communicates with the merging passage.
- a pressure sensor 42 is provided in the anode gas supply passage 22 between the jet pump 25 and the fuel cell stack 1.
- the pressure sensor 42 detects the pressure of the anode gas supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 (hereinafter referred to as “stack inlet gas pressure”).
- the pressure sensor 42 outputs a detection signal indicating the detected pressure to the controller 110.
- the anode gas circulation passage 26 is a passage through which the anode off gas discharged from the fuel cell stack 1 is circulated to the anode gas supply passage 22.
- One end of the anode gas circulation passage 26 is connected to the anode gas outlet hole of the fuel cell stack 1, and the other end joins the circulation port of the jet pump 25.
- the gas-liquid separator 27 is provided in the anode gas circulation passage 26.
- the gas-liquid separator 27 separates impurities such as generated water and nitrogen gas in the anode off gas from the surplus anode gas.
- the gas-liquid separator 27 condenses the water vapor contained in the anode off gas into liquid water.
- the anode gas from which impurities have been removed by the gas-liquid separator 27 passes through the anode gas circulation passage 26 and is supplied again to the anode gas supply passage 22 via the jet pump 25.
- a discharge hole for discharging impurities to the purge passage 28 is formed in the lower part of the gas-liquid separator 27.
- the purge passage 28 is a passage for discharging impurities separated by the gas-liquid separator 27.
- One end of the purge passage 28 is connected to the discharge hole of the gas-liquid separator 27, and the other end is connected to the cathode gas discharge passage 13 downstream of the cathode pressure regulating valve 14.
- the purge valve 29 is provided in the purge passage 28.
- the purge valve 29 is controlled to open and close by the controller 110. By this opening / closing control, impurities such as nitrogen gas and liquid water are discharged to the cathode gas discharge passage 13.
- the stack cooling device 30 is a device that adjusts the fuel cell stack 1 to a temperature suitable for power generation using cooling water as a refrigerant.
- the stack cooling device 30 includes a cooling water circulation passage 31, a cooling water pump 32, a radiator 33, a bypass passage 34, a heater 35, a thermostat 36, a branch passage 37, a stack inlet water temperature sensor 43, and a stack outlet water temperature. Sensor 44.
- the cooling water circulation passage 31 is a passage for circulating cooling water through the fuel cell stack 1. One end of the cooling water circulation passage 31 is connected to the cooling water inlet hole of the fuel cell stack 1, and the other end is connected to the cooling water outlet hole of the fuel cell stack 1.
- the cooling water pump 32 is provided in the cooling water circulation passage 31.
- the cooling water pump 32 constitutes a refrigerant supply unit that supplies the cooling water to the fuel cell stack 1.
- the cooling water pump 32 is controlled by the controller 110.
- the refrigerant supply means for supplying the cooling water to the fuel cell stack 1 is not limited to the cooling water pump, and a compressor may be used.
- the radiator 33 is provided in the cooling water circulation passage 31 on the cooling water inlet side of the cooling water pump 32.
- the radiator 33 cools the cooling water heated by the fuel cell stack 1.
- the bypass passage 34 is a passage that bypasses the radiator 33.
- One end of the bypass passage 34 is connected to the coolant circulation passage 31 on the coolant outlet side of the fuel cell stack 1, and the other end is connected to the thermostat 36.
- the heater 35 is provided in the bypass passage 34.
- the heater 35 is energized when the fuel cell stack 1 is warmed up to heat the coolant.
- the heater 35 generates heat when power is supplied from the fuel cell stack 1 by the DC / DC converter 3.
- the thermostat 36 is provided in a portion where the bypass passage 34 joins the cooling water circulation passage 31.
- the thermostat 36 is a three-way valve. The thermostat 36 automatically opens and closes depending on the temperature of the cooling water flowing inside the thermostat 36.
- the thermostat 36 is closed when the temperature of the cooling water is lower than a predetermined valve opening temperature, and supplies only the cooling water that has passed through the bypass passage 34 to the fuel cell stack 1. As a result, cooling water having a temperature higher than that of the cooling water passing through the radiator 33 flows through the fuel cell stack 1.
- the thermostat 36 starts to open gradually.
- the thermostat 36 mixes the cooling water that has passed through the bypass passage 34 and the cooling water that has passed through the radiator 33 and supplies the mixed water to the fuel cell stack 1. Thereby, cooling water having a temperature lower than that of the cooling water passing through the bypass passage 34 flows in the fuel cell stack 1.
- the branch passage 37 branches from the coolant circulation path 31 between the coolant pump 32 and the coolant inlet hole of the fuel cell stack 1, passes through the heat exchanger 23, and is located upstream of the bypass passage 34. To join.
- the stack inlet water temperature sensor 43 is provided in the cooling water circulation passage 31 in the vicinity of the cooling water inlet hole of the fuel cell stack 1.
- the stack inlet water temperature sensor 43 detects the temperature of cooling water flowing into the fuel cell stack 1 (hereinafter referred to as “stack inlet water temperature”).
- the stack inlet water temperature sensor 43 outputs a detection signal indicating the detected temperature to the controller 110.
- the stack outlet water temperature sensor 44 is provided in the cooling water circulation passage 31 in the vicinity of the cooling water outlet hole of the fuel cell stack 1.
- the stack outlet water temperature sensor 44 detects the temperature of the cooling water discharged from the fuel cell stack 1 (hereinafter referred to as “stack outlet water temperature”).
- the stack outlet water temperature sensor 44 outputs a detection signal indicating the detected temperature to the controller 110.
- the stack resistance measuring device 45 measures the internal resistance (HFR: High Frequency Resistance) of the fuel cell stack 1 in order to estimate the wetness of the electrolyte membrane constituting the fuel cell stacked on the fuel cell stack 1.
- HFR High Frequency Resistance
- the stack resistance measuring device 45 supplies an alternating current to the positive terminal of the fuel cell stack 1 and detects an alternating voltage between the positive terminal and the negative terminal by the alternating current. Then, the stack resistance measuring device 45 calculates the internal resistance by dividing the amplitude of the AC voltage by the amplitude of the AC current, and outputs the value of the internal resistance, that is, HFR to the controller 110.
- the controller 110 is composed of a microcomputer having a central processing unit (CPU), a read only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), and an input / output interface (I / O interface).
- CPU central processing unit
- ROM read only memory
- RAM random access memory
- I / O interface input / output interface
- the controller 110 receives detection values output from the temperature sensor 41, the pressure sensor 42, the stack inlet water temperature sensor 43, the stack outlet water temperature sensor 44, and the stack resistance measuring device 45.
- the controller 110 Based on the input value, the required power required from the electric load 4, and the command value for the auxiliary machine, the controller 110 performs the compressor 12, the cathode pressure regulating valve 14, the bypass valve 16, the anode pressure regulating valve 24, and the purge valve. 29 is controlled. As a result, the cathode gas and the anode gas are supplied to the fuel cell stack 1, and the power generation state of the fuel cell stack 1 is well maintained.
- the controller 110 executes control for warming up the fuel cell stack 1 to a temperature suitable for power generation (hereinafter referred to as “warm-up operation”).
- the controller 110 electrically connects the fuel cell stack 1 to the auxiliary machine and causes the fuel cell stack 1 to generate electric power necessary for driving the auxiliary machine. Since the fuel cell stack 1 generates heat by power generation, the fuel cell stack 1 itself is warmed. The electric power generated by the fuel cell stack 1 is supplied to auxiliary machines such as the compressor 12, the cooling water pump 32, and the heater 35.
- the rotational speed of the cooling water pump 32 is kept low, the temperature rise rate of the cooling water is slowed down, so that the amount of heat dissipated from the cooling water to the anode gas by the heat exchanger 23 is reduced and supplied from the heat exchanger 23. As a result, the temperature rise rate of the anode gas is reduced.
- the temperature of the anode gas supplied from the high-pressure tank 21 to the jet pump 25 is assumed to be minus 30 ° C.
- the water vapor in the anode off gas becomes liquid water at the portion where the anode gas and the anode off gas merge, and this liquid water is frozen. Ice is generated.
- the controller 110 predicts freezing of the jet pump 25 and controls the flow rate of the cooling water supplied to the heat exchanger 23.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a basic configuration of the controller 110 in the embodiment of the present invention.
- the controller 110 includes a cooling water flow rate control unit 200 that controls the flow rate of cooling water circulated in the fuel cell stack 1 (hereinafter referred to as “cooling water flow rate”).
- the cooling water flow rate control unit 200 includes a normal control unit 210, a stack warm-up control unit 220, a gas flow path freeze prevention control unit 230, a switching unit 300, and a cooling water flow rate command unit 400.
- the normal control unit 210 sets the cooling water temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 so that the fuel cell stack 1 is maintained at a temperature suitable for power generation, for example, 60 ° C., during normal operation performed after the warm-up operation is completed. Based on this, the coolant flow rate is controlled. The normal control unit 210 increases the coolant flow rate as the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 increases due to power generation.
- the normal control unit 210 may control the flow rate of the cooling water in order to maintain the electrolyte membrane in a predetermined wet state based on the HFR of the fuel cell stack 1. For example, the normal control unit 210 increases the coolant flow rate as the HFR increases. As a result, the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 is lowered, and the flow rate of water vapor taken out from the fuel cell stack 1 by the cathode gas is reduced, so that the electrolyte membrane is likely to become wet. In this case, the normal control unit 210 controls the cooling water flow rate based on the larger target flow rate between the target flow rate based on the cooling water temperature and the target flow rate based on the HFR.
- the stack warm-up control unit 220 constitutes a warm-up control unit that controls the flow rate of the cooling water supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 to a predetermined flow rate when the fuel cell stack 1 is warmed up.
- the stack warm-up control unit 220 sets the flow rate set by the normal control unit 210. Compared with the cooling water flow rate. As a result, since the heat of the fuel cell stack 1 that is generating heat is less likely to be taken away by the cooling water, warm-up of the fuel cell stack 1 is promoted.
- the temperature of the cooling water correlated with the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 for example, the average value of the stack inlet water temperature and the stack outlet water temperature is used.
- a temperature sensor may be directly provided for the fuel cell stack 1 and a detection signal output from the temperature sensor may be used.
- the gas flow path freeze prevention control unit 230 controls the cooling water flow rate in order to prevent the jet pump 25 from freezing.
- the gas flow path freeze prevention control unit 230 increases the flow rate of the cooling water supplied to the heat exchanger 23 when the flow rate of the cooling water is controlled by the stack warm-up control unit 220. Thereby, since the temperature increase rate of the anode gas passing through the heat exchanger 23 is increased, the temperature of the anode gas after merging can reach the freezing point at an early stage.
- the gas flow path freeze prevention control unit 230 constitutes a gas temperature increase control unit that increases the temperature of the anode gas discharged from the jet pump 25.
- the switching unit 300 determines whether the fuel cell stack 1 needs to be warmed up based on the stack temperature. When the switching unit 300 determines that the warm-up is necessary, the switching unit 300 switches the control unit that controls the coolant flow rate from the normal control unit 210 to the stack warm-up control unit 220.
- the switching unit 300 determines whether or not the jet pump 25 is frozen based on the temperature of the anode off-gas before joining from the fuel cell stack 1 to the jet pump 25 (hereinafter referred to as “circulation gas temperature”). Predict.
- a stack inlet water temperature correlated with the circulating gas temperature is used as the circulating gas temperature.
- a temperature sensor that detects the temperature of the anode off gas may be provided in the anode gas circulation passage 26, and a detection signal output from the temperature sensor may be used.
- the switching unit 300 switches the control unit that controls the coolant flow rate from the stack warm-up control unit 220 to the gas flow path freeze prevention control unit 230.
- the switching unit 300 determines whether ice is generated in the jet pump 25 based on the temperature of the anode gas discharged from the jet pump 25 to the fuel cell stack 1 (hereinafter referred to as “discharge gas temperature”). Determine whether or not.
- the discharge gas temperature is the temperature of the post-merging gas after the circulating gas and the supply gas merge.
- the discharge gas temperature is calculated based on the target current, the circulating gas temperature, the supply gas temperature, and the like. Details of the method of calculating the discharge gas temperature will be described later with reference to FIG.
- a temperature sensor may be provided in the anode gas supply passage 22 between the jet pump 25 and the fuel cell stack 1, and a detection signal output from the temperature sensor may be used.
- the switching unit 300 determines that ice is generated in the jet pump 25, the switching unit 300 switches the control unit that controls the flow rate of the cooling water to the gas flow path freeze prevention control unit 230. On the other hand, when it is determined that ice is not generated in the jet pump 25, the switching unit 300 switches the control unit that controls the coolant flow rate to the stack warm-up control unit 220.
- the coolant flow rate command unit 400 obtains the rotation speed of the coolant pump 32 based on the coolant flow rate set by the normal control unit 210, the stack warm-up control unit 220, or the gas flow path freeze prevention control unit 230, A command signal designating the rotation speed is output to the cooling water pump 32.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of a control method of the cooling water flow rate control unit 200 in the present embodiment.
- step S101 the cooling water flow rate control unit 200 detects the stack temperature. Specifically, the cooling water flow rate control unit 200 calculates a value obtained by averaging the detection value of the stack inlet water temperature sensor 43 and the detection value of the stack outlet water temperature sensor 44 as the stack temperature.
- step S102 the switching unit 300 determines whether or not the stack temperature is lower than the warm-up determination threshold value.
- the warm-up determination threshold is set to a temperature suitable for power generation of the fuel cell stack 1, for example, 60 ° C.
- step S103 when the stack temperature is lower than the warm-up determination threshold value, the switching unit 300 sets the stack warm-up flag to ON.
- step S104 when the stack warm-up flag is set to ON, the switching unit 300 controls the coolant flow rate supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 to a predetermined warm-up request flow rate.
- the fuel cell system 100 is started when the stack temperature is lower than 0 ° C., the temperature difference between the fuel cell stack 1 that has generated heat and the cooling water becomes large. Therefore, the required warm-up flow rate is the cooling water during normal operation. A value smaller than the flow rate is set.
- step S105 the switching unit 300 determines whether or not the circulating gas temperature is equal to or higher than the moisture increase threshold Th_s.
- the moisture increase threshold Th_s is set based on the temperature at which the amount of water vapor in the anode off gas increases, and is set to 20 ° C., for example.
- the switching unit 300 predicts that ice formed in the jet pump 25 increases and the flow path is blocked (freezes).
- step S106 when the circulating gas temperature is equal to or higher than the moisture increase threshold Th_s, the switching unit 300 determines whether or not the discharge gas temperature is equal to or lower than the freeze release threshold Th_e.
- the freeze release threshold Th_e is set to a value at which ice is generated in the jet pump 25, for example, 0 ° C.
- the switching unit 300 may cause the jet pump 25 to freeze when the circulating gas temperature is equal to or higher than the moisture rise threshold Th_s and the discharge gas temperature is equal to or lower than the freeze release threshold Th_e. Set the flow path freeze prevention flag to ON.
- step S108 when the gas flow path freeze prevention flag is set to ON, the switching unit 300 switches the coolant flow rate supplied from the coolant pump 32 to the heat exchanger 23 to the gas temperature increase request flow rate.
- the gas temperature increase request flow rate is a flow rate determined for removing ice generated in the jet pump 25, and is set to a value larger than the warm-up request flow rate.
- the switching unit 300 returns to step S106, and increases the flow rate of the cooling water higher than the required warm-up flow rate until the discharge gas temperature reaches the freeze release threshold value Th_e.
- the process returns to step S102, and when the stack temperature does not exceed the warm-up determination threshold, the switching unit 300 returns the coolant flow rate to the warm-up request flow rate.
- step S109 when it is determined in step 102 that the stack temperature is equal to or higher than the warm-up determination threshold value, the switching unit 300 sets the stack warm-up flag to OFF.
- step S110 the switching unit 300 sets the stack warm-up flag to OFF and sets the gas flow path freeze prevention flag to OFF.
- step S111 the switching unit 300 switches to normal control for controlling the coolant flow rate based on the electric load 4 after the fuel cell stack 1 is warmed up.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the discharge gas temperature calculation unit 120 that calculates the discharge gas temperature in the controller 110.
- the discharge gas temperature calculation unit 120 includes a supply gas flow rate calculation unit 121, a circulation gas flow rate calculation unit 122, a circulation gas volume ratio calculation unit 123, a pre-merging supply gas enthalpy calculation unit 124, and a circulation gas enthalpy calculation unit 125.
- the post-merging gas temperature calculation unit 126 is included.
- the supply gas flow rate calculation unit 121 calculates the flow rate of the anode gas supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 (hereinafter referred to as “supply gas flow rate”) based on the target current of the fuel cell stack 1. For example, when receiving the target current, the supply gas flow rate calculation unit 121 calculates the supply gas flow rate from a predetermined map.
- the target current of the fuel cell stack 1 is calculated based on the power required from the electric load 4 such as an electric motor or an auxiliary machine. For example, as the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal increases, the power required from the electric motor increases, so the target current increases.
- the circulating gas flow rate calculation unit 122 calculates a circulating gas flow rate with reference to a predetermined map based on the target current and purge flow rate of the fuel cell stack 1.
- the purge flow rate is calculated based on the opening degree of the purge valve 29 and the like.
- the circulating gas volume ratio calculation unit 123 calculates the volume ratio of hydrogen gas, nitrogen gas, and water vapor in the circulating gas.
- the circulating gas volume ratio calculation unit 123 calculates the stack outlet gas pressure by subtracting the pressure loss of the fuel cell stack 1 from the stack inlet gas pressure, and calculates the stack outlet from the saturated water vapor pressure determined by the circulating gas temperature. The water vapor volume ratio is calculated by subtracting the gas pressure.
- the circulating gas temperature a stack temperature correlated with the circulating gas temperature is used in this embodiment.
- the circulating gas volume ratio calculation unit 123 calculates a hydrogen gas volume ratio in the circulating gas from a predetermined map based on the target current. Then, the circulating gas volume ratio calculation unit 123 calculates the volume ratio of nitrogen gas from the volume ratio of hydrogen gas and water vapor in the circulating gas.
- the pre-merging supply gas enthalpy calculation unit 124 calculates the enthalpy of the pre-merging supply gas from a predetermined mathematical formula based on the pre-merging supply gas flow rate and the supply gas temperature.
- the pre-merging hydrogen flow rate is a value obtained by subtracting the hydrogen gas flow rate in the circulating gas from the supply gas flow rate.
- the supply gas temperature is the temperature of the anode gas supplied to the jet pump 25 and is calculated based on the detection signal output from the temperature sensor 41.
- the circulating gas enthalpy calculating unit 125 calculates the enthalpy of the circulating gas from a predetermined mathematical formula based on the flow rates of the hydrogen gas, the nitrogen gas, and the water vapor gas in the circulating gas and the circulating gas temperature.
- the post-merging gas temperature calculation unit 126 calculates the temperature of the post-merging gas at which the supply gas before merging and the circulating gas before merging are merged in the jet pump 25.
- the post-merging gas temperature calculation unit 126 adds the enthalpies of the supply gas and the circulating gas before the merging to calculate the total enthalpy for the gas before the merging. Based on the volume ratio of the circulating gas, the post-merging gas temperature calculation unit 126 has a heat capacity obtained by multiplying the supply gas flow rate before joining by the specific heat of hydrogen gas, and a heat capacity obtained by multiplying the nitrogen gas flow rate in the circulating gas by the specific heat of nitrogen gas And the heat capacity obtained by multiplying the water vapor flow rate in the circulating gas by the water vapor specific heat. The post-merging gas temperature calculation unit 126 divides the total enthalpy before merging by the accumulated heat capacity to calculate the gas temperature after merging.
- the fuel cell system 100 includes a cooling water pump 32 that supplies cooling water (refrigerant) to the fuel cell stack 1, and cooling water and anode gas that are heated in the fuel cell stack 1. And a heat exchanger 23 for exchanging heat with the anode gas flowing through the supply passage 22.
- the fuel cell system 100 also includes a jet pump 25 as a part for circulating the anode off gas discharged from the fuel cell stack 1 to the fuel cell stack 1.
- the stack warm-up control unit 220 is supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 when the fuel cell stack 1 is warmed up, or when the stack temperature is lower than the warm-up determination threshold in this embodiment.
- the flow rate of the cooling water is controlled to a predetermined warm-up request flow rate.
- the warm-up request flow rate is set to a value smaller than the flow rate set by the normal control unit 210.
- gas flow path freeze prevention control unit 230 is based on the cooling water temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 correlated with the anode off gas temperature when the cooling water flow rate is controlled by the stack warm-up control unit 220.
- the flow rate of the cooling water supplied to the heat exchanger 23 is increased from the required warm-up flow rate.
- the temperature increase rate of the anode gas heated by the heat exchanger 23 increases, so that the anode gas supplied from the heat exchanger 23 and the anode off gas merge.
- the amount of ice produced can be reduced.
- the example in which the flow rate of the coolant supplied to the heat exchanger 23 is increased from the warm-up request flow rate based on the coolant temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 has been described. Absent.
- a temperature sensor may be provided in the anode gas circulation passage 26, and the flow rate of cooling water supplied to the heat exchanger 23 may be increased from the warm-up request flow rate based on a detection signal output from the temperature sensor. .
- the switching unit 300 controls the control unit that controls the cooling water flow rate from the stack warm-up control unit 220 when the anode off-gas temperature (circulation gas temperature) exceeds the moisture rise threshold Th_s.
- the gas flow path freeze prevention control part 230 increases the flow volume of the cooling water supplied to the heat exchanger 23 rather than a warming-up request
- the moisture increase threshold Th_s is set to a temperature at which the amount of water vapor in the anode off-gas greatly increases, that is, a temperature of 0 ° C. or higher.
- the example in which the jet pump 25 is used as the component for circulating the anode gas has been described.
- a compressor, a pump, or the like may be used.
- the fuel cell system 100 of the present embodiment circulates the anode off gas to the fuel cell stack 1, but even if the cathode off gas is circulated to the fuel cell stack 1, the same operation as this embodiment is performed. An effect can be obtained.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a detailed configuration of the cooling water flow rate control unit 200 in the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the fuel cell system of the present embodiment has basically the same configuration as the fuel cell system 100 shown in FIG.
- the same components as those of the fuel cell system 100 are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- the cooling water flow rate control unit 200 includes a normal control flow rate calculation unit 211, a warm-up request flow rate calculation unit 221, a subtractor 231, a gas temperature increase request flow rate calculation unit 232, a flow rate correction value calculation unit 233, and a multiplier. 234, a cooling water temperature difference calculation unit 241 and a stack excessive temperature rise prevention flow rate calculation unit 242.
- the cooling water flow rate control unit 200 includes a switch 310, a switch 320, a release value holding unit 321, a required flow rate setting unit 330, and a cooling water target flow rate setting unit 340.
- the normal control flow rate calculation unit 211 calculates a coolant flow rate (hereinafter referred to as “normal control flow rate”) for appropriately maintaining the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 after the warm-up of the fuel cell stack 1 is completed. .
- the normal control flow rate calculation unit 211 increases the normal operation flow rate as the target current of the fuel cell stack 1 increases.
- the normal control flow rate calculation unit 211 constitutes a normal control unit 210 that controls the cooling water flow rate based on the electric load 4.
- a normal operation map indicating the relationship between the target current of the fuel cell stack 1 and the normal operation flow rate is stored in advance in the normal control flow rate calculation unit 211, and the normal control flow rate calculation unit 211 acquires the target current. Then, the normal operation map is referred to, and the normal operation flow rate associated with the target current is calculated.
- the warm-up request flow rate calculation unit 221 calculates a coolant flow rate for warming up the fuel cell stack 1 (hereinafter referred to as “warm-up request flow rate”).
- the warm-up request flow rate is set to a value smaller than the normal control flow rate. Further, the warm-up request flow rate calculation unit 221 decreases the warm-up request flow rate as the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 decreases.
- the warm-up request flow rate calculation unit 221 constitutes a stack warm-up control unit 220 that makes the coolant flow rate smaller than the normal control flow rate when the fuel cell stack 1 is warmed up.
- the warm-up request flow rate calculation unit 221 stores in advance a warm-up operation map indicating the relationship between the coolant temperature correlated with the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 and the warm-up request flow rate.
- the required flow rate calculation unit 221 acquires the coolant temperature, it refers to the warm-up operation map and calculates the required warm-up flow rate associated with the coolant temperature.
- the switch 310 switches the value output to the required flow rate setting unit 330 to the normal control flow rate or the warm-up required flow rate according to the setting state of the stack warm-up flag.
- the switch 310 When the stack warm-up flag is set to ON in step S103 shown in FIG. 3, the switch 310 outputs the warm-up request flow rate to the request flow rate setting unit 330. On the other hand, the switch 310 outputs the normal control flow rate to the required flow rate setting unit 330 when the stack warm-up flag is set to OFF.
- the subtractor 231 calculates the temperature difference ⁇ T by subtracting the supply gas temperature from the stack inlet water temperature.
- the supply gas temperature is a parameter correlated with the discharge gas temperature at the time of starting below zero, and is detected by the temperature sensor 41 shown in FIG. Instead of the supply gas temperature, the discharge gas temperature calculated by the discharge gas temperature calculation unit 120 shown in FIG. 4 may be used.
- the stack inlet water temperature is a parameter correlated with the anode off-gas temperature (circulating gas temperature), and is detected by the stack inlet water temperature sensor 43 shown in FIG.
- the fuel cell stack 1 is premised on a so-called counter flow type fuel cell stack in which an anode gas outlet hole and a cooling water inlet hole are formed adjacent to each other.
- a temperature sensor may be provided in the anode gas circulation passage 26, and a detection signal output from the temperature sensor may be used.
- the gas temperature increase request flow rate calculation unit 232 is a coolant flow rate (hereinafter referred to as “gas temperature increase request flow rate”) for increasing the temperature of the anode gas heated by the heat exchanger 23 more quickly than during the warm-up operation. Is calculated.
- the gas temperature increase request flow rate is set to a value larger than the warm-up request flow rate.
- the gas temperature increase request flow rate calculation unit 232 increases the effect of heating the anode gas by increasing the coolant flow rate as the temperature difference ⁇ T between the stack inlet water temperature and the supply gas temperature increases. Increase
- the gas temperature increase request flow rate calculation unit 232 increases the time required to raise the discharge gas temperature to the freezing point as the coolant temperature at the time when the fuel cell system 100 is activated is lower. Increase the required flow rate. Since the temperature raising time is shortened by increasing the gas temperature raising required flow rate, it is possible to prevent the flow path from being blocked by the ice generated in the jet pump 25.
- the gas temperature increase request flow rate calculation unit 232 configures a gas flow path freeze prevention control unit 230 that increases the coolant flow rate higher than the warm-up request flow rate based on the anode off-gas temperature.
- the anti-freezing control map indicating the relationship between the temperature difference ⁇ T and the gas temperature increase request flow rate is stored in advance in the gas temperature increase request flow rate calculation unit 232.
- the freeze prevention control map will be described later with reference to FIG.
- the gas temperature increase request flow rate calculation unit 232 obtains the cooling water temperature and the temperature difference ⁇ T during startup, the gas temperature increase associated with the temperature difference ⁇ in the cooling water temperature during startup is referred to by referring to the antifreezing control map. Calculate the required flow rate.
- the gas temperature increase request flow rate calculation unit 232 outputs the gas temperature increase request flow rate to the multiplier 234.
- the flow rate correction value calculation unit 233 calculates a correction value for correcting the gas temperature increase request flow rate.
- the flow rate correction value calculation unit 233 calculates a correction value based on the target current of the fuel cell stack 1 and the HFR.
- the flow rate correction value calculation unit 233 increases the correction value so that the gas temperature increase required flow rate increases because the cooling water temperature increases and the effect of increasing the temperature of the anode gas increases as the target current increases. .
- the flow rate correction value calculation unit 233 increases the correction value so that the required gas temperature increase flow rate increases because the amount of water vapor contained in the anode off-gas increases as the HFR decreases.
- the flow rate correction value calculation unit 233 stores in advance a correction map indicating the relationship between the target current and the gas temperature increase request flow rate for each HFR.
- the correction map will be described later with reference to FIG.
- the flow rate correction value calculation unit 233 When the flow rate correction value calculation unit 233 acquires the target current and the HFR, the flow rate correction value calculation unit 233 refers to the correction map specified by the HFR and calculates a correction value associated with the target current. The flow rate correction value calculation unit 233 outputs the correction value to the multiplier 234.
- the multiplier 234 corrects the gas temperature increase request flow rate by multiplying the correction value by the gas temperature increase request flow rate.
- the multiplier 234 outputs the corrected gas temperature increase request flow rate to the switch 320.
- the release value holding unit 321 holds zero as a value for releasing the freeze prevention control.
- the switch 320 switches the value output to the required flow rate setting unit 330 to the corrected gas temperature increase required flow rate or zero according to the set state of the gas flow path freeze prevention flag.
- the switcher 320 When the gas flow path freeze prevention flag is set to ON in step S107 shown in FIG. 3, the switcher 320 outputs the gas temperature increase request flow rate to the required flow rate setting unit 330. On the other hand, when the gas flow path freeze prevention flag is set to OFF, the switcher 320 outputs zero to the required flow rate setting unit 330 so that the freeze prevention control is released.
- the required flow rate setting unit 330 uses the larger value of the normal control flow rate or warm-up request flow rate output from the switch 310 and the gas temperature increase request flow rate or zero output from the switch 320 as the required flow rate. Then, the requested flow rate is output to the cooling water target flow rate setting unit 340.
- the required flow rate setting unit 330 when the stack warm-up flag is set to ON while the gas flow path freeze prevention flag is set to OFF, the required flow rate setting unit 330 outputs the required warm-up flow rate as the required flow rate of cooling water. To do.
- the required flow rate setting unit 330 When the stack warm-up flag is set to ON and the gas flow path freeze prevention flag is switched to ON, the required flow rate setting unit 330 outputs a gas temperature increase request flow rate that is greater than the warm-up required flow rate. To do.
- the gas flow path freeze prevention flag is set to OFF, so that the required flow rate setting unit 330 warms the required flow rate of the cooling water from the required gas temperature increase flow rate. Switch to the required flow rate.
- the cooling water temperature difference calculation unit 241 calculates a cooling water temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack 1 by subtracting the stack inlet water temperature from the stack outlet water temperature, and the cooling water temperature difference is calculated as the stack overheating temperature. Output to the prevention flow rate calculation unit 242.
- the stack overheat prevention flow rate calculation unit 242 is configured to prevent the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 from becoming too high when the fuel cell system 100 is activated (hereinafter referred to as “overheat temperature prevention flow rate”). ”).
- the excessive temperature rise prevention flow rate during the startup process is set to a value smaller than the normal control flow rate.
- the stack overheat prevention flow rate calculation unit 242 increases the overheat prevention flow rate because the amount of heat generated by the power generation of the fuel cell stack 1 increases as the target current of the fuel cell stack 1 increases. Further, the stack overheat prevention flow rate calculation unit 242 increases the overheat prevention flow rate so that the temperature on the outlet side of the fuel cell stack 1 decreases to the temperature on the inlet side as the coolant temperature difference increases.
- an excessive temperature rise prevention map indicating the relationship between the target current and the excessive temperature rise prevention flow rate is stored in advance in the stack over temperature rise prevention flow rate calculation unit 242 for each coolant temperature difference.
- the correction map will be described later with reference to FIG.
- the stack overheat prevention flow rate calculation unit 242 When the stack overheat prevention flow rate calculation unit 242 obtains the coolant temperature difference and the target current, the stack overheat prevention flow rate calculation unit 242 refers to the overheat prevention map specified by the coolant temperature difference and refers to the overtemperature rise associated with the target current. Calculate the prevention flow rate.
- the stack excessive temperature rise prevention flow rate calculation unit 242 outputs the excessive temperature rise prevention flow rate to the cooling water target flow rate setting unit 340.
- the cooling water target flow rate setting unit 340 sets the larger one of the excessive temperature rise prevention flow rate and the value output from the required flow rate setting unit 330 as the cooling water target flow rate.
- the cooling water target flow rate setting unit 340 sets the overheat prevention flow rate to the cooling water target flow rate. Set to. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 from becoming too high due to the required warm-up flow rate.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of the freeze prevention control map stored in the gas temperature increase request flow rate calculation unit 232.
- the temperature difference ⁇ T calculated by the subtractor 231 and the gas temperature increase request flow rate are associated with each other in the freeze prevention control map for each cooling water temperature at the time of startup.
- the temperature difference ⁇ T is a difference between the temperature of the gas supplied from the heat exchanger 23 to the jet pump 25 and the temperature of the gas circulated from the fuel cell stack 1 to the jet pump 25.
- the coolant flow rate increases as the temperature difference ⁇ T increases. This is because the amount of heat dissipated from the cooling water to the anode gas increases by increasing the cooling water flow rate as the temperature difference between the anode gas and the cooling water increases in the heat exchanger 23.
- the lower the cooling water temperature at start-up the greater the required gas temperature increase flow rate. This is because the lower the cooling water temperature at the time of starting the system, the larger the width for raising the anode gas to the freeze release threshold Th_e and the longer the temperature raising time, so that this is suppressed.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a correction map stored in the flow rate correction value calculation unit 233.
- the target current and the correction value are associated with each other in the correction map for each HFR of the fuel cell stack 1.
- the larger the target current the larger the correction value in order to increase the gas temperature increase request flow rate. This is because, as the target current increases, the coolant temperature rises due to heat generation of the fuel cell stack 1 and the temperature difference ⁇ T increases, so that the anode gas can be increased by increasing the flow rate of coolant supplied to the heat exchanger 23. This is because the temperature of the glass tends to rise.
- the correction value decreases to reduce the gas temperature increase request flow rate. This is because as the HFR increases, that is, as the fuel cell dries, the amount of water vapor in the anode off-gas sucked into the jet pump 25 decreases, so the increase in ice generated by the jet pump 25 decreases. is there.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of the overheat prevention map stored in the stack overheat prevention flow rate calculation unit 242.
- the target current of the fuel cell stack 1 and the excessive temperature rise prevention flow rate are associated with each other in the correction map for each coolant temperature difference.
- the overheat prevention flow increases as the target current increases. This is because the amount of heat generated by the fuel cell stack 1 increases as the target current increases, so that a rapid temperature rise of the fuel cell stack 1 is suppressed.
- the greater the cooling water temperature difference the greater the required gas temperature increase flow rate. This is because, as the coolant temperature difference is larger, the outlet side of the fuel cell stack 1 is not able to cool the fuel cell as compared to the inlet side, so the temperature on the outlet side of the fuel cell stack 1 is lowered. is there.
- FIG. 9 is a time chart when the freeze prevention control of the jet pump 25 is executed by the cooling water flow rate control unit 200.
- FIG. 9A is a diagram showing a change in the operating state of the fuel cell system 100.
- FIG. 9B shows the temperature of the anode off-gas before joining (circulation gas temperature) sucked into the jet pump 25, the temperature of the anode gas before joining (supply gas temperature) supplied to the jet pump 25, and the jet It is a figure which shows each change of the temperature of the anode gas (gas temperature after merging) after the supply gas and circulatory gas before merging merge with the pump 25.
- the cooling water temperature is the temperature of the cooling water detected by the stack inlet water temperature sensor 43
- the supply gas temperature is the temperature of the anode gas detected by the temperature sensor 41.
- the gas temperature after merging is the temperature of the anode gas after merging discharged from the jet pump 25.
- FIG. 9C is a diagram showing a change in the flow rate of the cooling water discharged from the cooling water pump 32.
- the warm-up request flow rate is indicated by a broken line
- the gas temperature increase request flow rate is indicated by a one-dot chain line.
- FIG. 9D is a diagram showing a change in the amount of ice formed in the jet pump 25.
- the horizontal axis of each drawing from FIG. 9A to FIG. 9D is a common time axis. Further, in FIGS. 9B and 9D, the change when only the warm-up operation is performed without performing the gas flow path freeze prevention control is indicated by a broken line.
- the cooling water temperature is extremely lower than 0 ° C., for example, ⁇ 20 ° C.
- the supply gas temperature is The temperature is lower than the cooling water temperature, for example, ⁇ 30 ° C.
- the fuel cell system 100 is started and the coolant temperature is lower than the warm-up determination threshold value, so the stack warm-up flag is set to ON and the warm-up operation is executed.
- the controller 110 supplies generated power from the fuel cell stack 1 to the auxiliary devices such as the compressor 12, the cooling water pump 32, and the heater 35.
- the fuel cell stack 1 is warmed up by heat dissipation. Thereby, as shown in FIG.9 (b), a cooling water temperature rises gradually.
- the cooling water flow rate control unit 200 sets the cooling water flow rate discharged from the cooling water pump 32 to the warm-up required flow rate. And since cooling water temperature rises as time passes, the cooling water flow control part 200 increases a warming-up request
- the cooling water flow rate control unit 200 may increase the required warm-up flow rate according to a change in the cooling water temperature.
- the cooling water flow rate control unit 200 increases the cooling water flow rate from the warm-up request flow rate to the gas temperature increase request flow rate as shown in FIG.
- the cooling water flow rate control unit 200 decreases the gas temperature increase request flow rate as shown in FIG.
- the cooling water flow rate control unit 200 switches the cooling water flow rate from the gas temperature increase request flow rate to the warm-up request flow rate, as shown in FIG. Thereby, warm-up of the fuel cell stack 1 is promoted.
- the time (t1-t2) for executing the gas flow path freeze prevention control is shortened and the warm flow rate is increased. Longer machine operation time can be secured. Therefore, an increase in power consumption of the coolant pump 32 can be suppressed and warming up of the fuel cell stack 1 can be promoted.
- FIG. 9 illustrates an example in which the temperature difference ⁇ T between the circulating gas temperature and the discharge gas temperature is small, an example in which the temperature difference ⁇ T is large will be briefly described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a time chart when the temperature difference ⁇ T becomes large during execution of the gas freeze prevention control.
- the vertical axis of each drawing from FIG. 10 (a) to FIG. 10 (d) is the same as the vertical axis of each drawing from FIG. 9 (a) to FIG. 9 (d), and the horizontal axis is common to each other. Is the time axis.
- the state of the fuel cell system 100 from time t11 to time t12 will be described.
- the cooling water flow rate control unit 200 switches the cooling water flow rate to the gas temperature increase request flow rate as shown in FIG. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 10B, the temperature difference ⁇ T between the circulating gas temperature and the discharge gas temperature increases. Similarly, the temperature difference between the circulating gas temperature and the supply gas temperature also increases.
- the effect of increasing the temperature of the anode gas after merging due to the increase in the flow rate of the cooling water supplied to the heat exchanger 23 is increased, and the cooling water flow rate control unit 200 is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. As a result, as shown in FIG. 10B, the discharge gas temperature reaches the freeze release threshold Th_e earlier than the discharge gas temperature from time t1 to time t2 shown in FIG. 9B.
- the discharge gas temperature can be effectively raised above the freezing point in a short time by increasing the gas temperature increase required flow rate as the temperature difference ⁇ T increases.
- the gas flow path in the jet pump 25 is suppressed while suppressing an increase in power consumption of the cooling water pump 32 by increasing or decreasing the gas temperature increase request flow rate according to the temperature difference ⁇ T. Can be prevented from freezing and blocking.
- the gas temperature increase request flow rate calculation unit 232 performs the warm-up request flow rate calculation unit 221 when the temperature of the anode off-gas sucked into the jet pump 25 exceeds the moisture increase threshold Th_s.
- the cooling water flow rate is increased from the warm-up required flow rate calculated in step (1).
- the gas temperature increase request flow rate calculation unit 232 increases the required warm-up flow rate as the temperature difference between the temperature of the discharge gas discharged from the jet pump 25 and the temperature of the anode off gas (circulation gas temperature) increases. Increase the range to increase the cooling water flow rate.
- the flow rate correction value calculation unit 233 sets the correction value so that the gas temperature increase required flow rate increases as the target current correlated with the anode gas supply flow rate increases. Enlarge. That is, the flow rate correction value calculation unit 233 increases the range of increase from the warm-up request flow rate to the gas temperature increase request flow rate as the flow rate of the gas supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 increases.
- the temperature of the anode gas can be quickly and reliably increased by correcting the gas temperature increase request flow rate so that the increase from the warm-up request flow rate increases as the anode gas flow rate increases. it can.
- the flow rate correction value calculation unit 233 corrects the gas temperature increase request flow rate as the HFR having a correlation with the wetness of the electrolyte membrane of the fuel cell increases, as shown in FIG. Increase the value. That is, the flow rate correction value calculation unit 233 decreases the increase amount of the cooling water flow rate as the electrolyte membrane of the fuel cell is dried.
- the amount of water vapor in the anode off-gas is reduced and the amount of ice formed in the jet pump 25 is reduced. For this reason, the consumption of the cooling water pump 32 is suppressed while the freezing of the jet pump 25 is suppressed by correcting the gas temperature increase request flow rate so that the increase width of the cooling water flow rate becomes smaller as the electrolyte membrane is dried. Electric power can be reduced.
- the gas flow path freeze prevention flag when the temperature of the gas discharged from the jet pump 25 (discharged gas temperature) exceeds the freeze release threshold Th_e, the gas flow path freeze prevention flag is set to OFF.
- the switcher 320 outputs zero as a value for canceling the gas temperature increase request flow rate. That is, the switch 320 limits the increase in the flow rate of the cooling water supplied to the heat exchanger 23 based on the temperature of the gas discharged from the jet pump 25.
- the discharge gas temperature calculation unit 120 calculates the discharge gas temperature based on the temperature of the gas supplied from the heat exchanger 23 to the jet pump 25 and the temperature of the gas circulated to the jet pump 25. calculate.
- the switcher 320 warms up the coolant flow rate supplied to the heat exchanger 23 to be smaller than the gas temperature increase request flow rate. Switch to the required flow rate.
- the cooling water flow rate supplied to the heat exchanger 23 is calculated from the warm-up required flow rate.
- the example which raises was demonstrated.
- the gas flow path freeze prevention control unit 230 sets the flow rate of the cooling water supplied to the heat exchanger 23 when the circulating gas temperature is equal to or higher than the freezing point and the discharge gas temperature is equal to or lower than the freezing point. May be raised from the warm-up required flow rate.
- the reason why the moisture increase threshold Th_s and the freeze release threshold Th_e are set to 0 ° C. is that ice is not generated in the jet pump 25 unless the discharge gas temperature is 0 ° C. or lower. Further, as shown in FIG. 9, if the circulating gas temperature is not higher than 0 ° C., the amount of water vapor contained in the anode off-gas is extremely small even if the gas temperature after joining is below the freezing point. Little ice is produced.
- the ice generated in the jet pump 25 increases. Increase the coolant flow rate.
- the anode gas is heated by the heat exchanger 23 only when the ice in the jet pump 25 increases, so that the freezing of the jet pump 25 can be prevented accurately.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the fuel cell system 101 according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the fuel cell system 101 includes a bypass cooling water pump 38 in addition to the configuration of the fuel cell system 100 shown in FIG.
- the same components as those of the fuel cell system 100 are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- the bypass cooling water pump 38 is provided in the branch passage 37 between the portion where the branch passage 37 branches from the cooling water circulation passage 31 and the heat exchanger 23.
- the bypass cooling water pump 38 is controlled by the controller 110.
- the controller 110 increases the flow rate of the cooling water supplied from the bypass cooling water pump 38 to the heat exchanger 23 when the gas flow path freeze prevention flag is switched ON in step S107 of FIG.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the cooling water flow rate control unit 201 provided in the controller 110 in the present embodiment.
- the cooling water flow rate control unit 201 includes an adder 350, a cooling water target flow rate setting unit 360, and a bypass target flow rate setting unit 370 instead of the required flow rate setting unit 330 and the cooling water target flow rate setting unit 340 shown in FIG. I have.
- the other configuration is the same as the configuration of the cooling water flow rate control unit 200 shown in FIG.
- the adder 350 adds the corrected gas temperature increase request flow rate or zero output from the switcher 320 to the excessive temperature increase prevention flow rate. For example, when the gas flow path freeze prevention flag is set to ON, the adder 350 uses the value obtained by adding the gas temperature increase request flow rate to the excessive temperature rise prevention flow rate as the cooling water total flow rate, and the cooling water target flow rate The data is output to the setting unit 360.
- the cooling water target flow rate setting unit 360 sets the larger one of the cooling water total flow rate output from the adder 350 and the normal control flow rate or warm-up request flow rate output from the switch 310 to the cooling water target flow rate. Set to. Then, the cooling water target flow rate setting unit 360 outputs the cooling water target flow rate to the bypass target flow rate setting unit 370 and the cooling water pump rotation speed calculation unit 410, respectively.
- the coolant target flow rate setting unit 360 outputs the total coolant flow rate output from the adder 350. Is output as the cooling water target flow rate.
- the cooling water target flow rate setting unit 360 prevents the excessive temperature rise output from the adder 350.
- the flow rate is output as the cooling water target flow rate.
- the bypass target flow rate setting unit 370 outputs a value obtained by subtracting the excessive temperature rise prevention flow rate from the cooling water target flow rate to the bypass cooling water pump rotation speed calculation unit 420 as a set value of the bypass target flow rate.
- the bypass target flow rate setting unit 370 subtracts the excessive temperature rise prevention flow rate from the total cooling water flow rate.
- the calculated value that is, the gas temperature increase request flow rate is output.
- a cooling water flow rate equivalent to the excessive temperature rise prevention flow rate is supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 by the cooling water pump 32, and a cooling water flow rate equivalent to the gas temperature increase request flow rate is exchanged by the bypass cooling water pump 38.
- the cooling water pump 32 supplies a cooling water flow rate equivalent to the excessive temperature rise prevention flow rate to the fuel cell stack 1 by the cooling water pump 32, and a cooling water flow rate equivalent to the gas temperature increase request flow rate is exchanged by the bypass cooling water pump 38.
- the bypass target flow rate setting unit 370 subtracts the excessive temperature rise prevention flow rate from the warm-up request flow rate. The value is output.
- a cooling water flow rate equivalent to the warm-up request flow rate is supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 by the cooling water pump 32, and a cooling water flow rate equivalent to the excessive temperature rise prevention flow rate is supplied by the bypass cooling water pump 38 to the heat exchanger. 23.
- the cooling water pump rotation speed calculation unit 410 calculates the rotation speed of the cooling water pump 32 based on the cooling water target flow rate. Further, the cooling water pump rotation speed calculation unit 410 corrects the rotation speed of the cooling water pump 32 according to the cooling water temperature of the fuel cell stack 1.
- a rotation speed command map indicating the relationship between the cooling water target flow rate and the cooling water pump rotation speed is stored in the cooling water pump rotation speed calculation unit 410 for each cooling water temperature.
- the rotation speed command map will be described later with reference to FIG.
- the cooling water pump rotation speed calculation unit 410 acquires the cooling water temperature and the cooling water target flow rate
- the cooling water pump rotation speed calculation unit 410 refers to the rotation speed command map specified by the cooling water temperature and rotates corresponding to the cooling water target flow rate. Calculate the speed.
- the cooling water pump rotation speed calculation unit 410 commands the rotation speed to the cooling water pump 32.
- the bypass cooling water pump rotation speed calculation unit 420 calculates the rotation speed of the bypass cooling water pump 38 based on the bypass target flow rate. Further, the bypass cooling water pump rotation speed calculation unit 420 corrects the rotation speed of the bypass cooling water pump 38 according to the rotation speed of the cooling water pump 32.
- bypass cooling water pump rotation speed calculation unit 420 increases the rotation speed of the bypass cooling water pump 38 because the cooling water viscosity decreases as the cooling water temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 decreases. Good.
- a bypass rotational speed command map indicating the relationship between the bypass target flow rate and the bypass cooling water pump rotational speed is stored in the bypass cooling water pump rotational speed calculation unit 420. .
- the bypass rotation speed command map will be described later with reference to FIG.
- bypass cooling water pump rotational speed calculation unit 420 acquires the bypass target flow rate and the rotational speed of the cooling water pump 32
- the bypass cooling water pump rotational speed calculation unit 420 refers to the bypass rotational speed command map specified by the rotational speed and corresponds to the bypass target flow rate. Calculate the attached rotation speed.
- the bypass cooling water pump rotation speed calculation unit 420 commands the rotation speed to the bypass cooling water pump 38.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a rotation speed command map stored in the cooling water pump rotation speed calculation unit 410.
- the cooling water target flow rate and the rotation speed of the cooling water pump 32 are associated with each other in the rotation speed command map.
- the rotation speed of the cooling water pump 32 increases nonlinearly as the cooling water target flow rate increases.
- the lower the cooling water temperature the lower the viscosity of the cooling water, so that the rotation speed of the cooling water pump 32 increases.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of a bypass rotation speed command map stored in the bypass cooling water pump rotation speed calculation unit 420.
- the bypass target flow rate and the rotation speed of the bypass cooling water pump 38 are associated with each other in the bypass rotation speed command map.
- the rotational speed of the bypass cooling water pump 38 increases nonlinearly as the bypass target flow rate increases. Further, at the same bypass target flow rate, the smaller the rotational speed of the cooling water pump 32, the more difficult it is for the cooling water to flow to the heat exchanger 23 via the bypass cooling water pump 38. Therefore, the rotational speed of the bypass cooling water pump 38 Will grow.
- the bypass cooling water pump 38 is provided in the branch passage 37 branched from the cooling water circulation passage 31. Then, when the gas flow path freeze prevention flag is set to ON, the cooling water flow rate control unit 201 increases the rotational speed of the bypass cooling water pump 38 and sets the cooling water flow rate supplied to the heat exchanger 23 to the fuel flow rate. The warming-up required flow rate supplied to the battery stack 1 is increased.
- the temperature of the anode gas supplied to the jet pump 25 rises and the temperature of the anode gas discharged from the jet pump 25 rises to the freezing point in a short time. It is possible to prevent the road from being blocked.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the fuel cell system 101 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the fuel cell system 102 includes a bypass valve 39 instead of the bypass cooling water pump 38 of the fuel cell system 102 shown in FIG.
- the same components as those of the fuel cell system 101 are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- the bypass valve 39 is a three-way valve provided at a portion where the branch passage 37 branches from the cooling water circulation passage 31.
- the bypass valve 39 is controlled by the controller 110.
- the controller 110 increases the flow rate of the cooling water supplied from the bypass valve 39 to the heat exchanger 23 when the gas flow path freeze prevention flag is switched from OFF to ON in step S107 of FIG.
- FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the cooling water flow rate control unit 202 provided in the controller 110 in the present embodiment.
- the cooling water flow rate control unit 202 includes a bypass valve opening degree calculation unit 430 instead of the bypass cooling water pump rotation speed calculation unit 420 shown in FIG.
- the other configuration is the same as the configuration of the cooling water flow rate control unit 200 shown in FIG.
- the bypass valve opening calculator 430 calculates the opening of the bypass valve 39 based on the bypass target flow rate. Further, the bypass valve opening calculation unit 430 corrects the opening of the bypass valve 39 according to the coolant temperature of the fuel cell stack 1. Further, the bypass valve opening calculator 430 may reduce the opening of the bypass valve 39 as the rotational speed of the cooling water pump 32 increases.
- a bypass opening command map indicating the relationship between the bypass target flow rate and the opening of the bypass valve 39 is stored in the bypass valve opening calculator 430 in advance.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of a bypass opening command map stored in the bypass valve opening calculation unit 430.
- the opening degree of the bypass valve 39 increases, the bypass valve 39 opens and the flow rate of the cooling water supplied to the heat exchanger 23 increases.
- bypass target flow rate and the opening degree of the bypass valve 39 are associated with each other in the bypass opening degree command map.
- the opening of the bypass valve 39 increases nonlinearly as the bypass target flow rate increases. Further, at the same bypass target flow rate, the lower the rotational speed of the cooling water pump 32, the more difficult it is for the cooling water to flow to the heat exchanger 23 via the bypass cooling water pump 38. Become.
- the bypass valve opening calculation unit 430 When the bypass valve opening calculation unit 430 acquires the bypass target flow rate and the rotation speed of the cooling water pump 32, the bypass valve opening calculation unit 430 refers to the bypass opening command map specified by the rotation speed and opens the opening corresponding to the bypass target flow rate. Calculate the degree. Then, the bypass valve opening calculation unit 430 commands the opening to the bypass valve 39.
- the bypass valve 39 is provided in the branch passage 37 branched from the cooling water circulation passage 31.
- the cooling water flow rate control unit 202 opens the bypass valve 39 and supplies the cooling water flow rate supplied to the heat exchanger 23 to the fuel cell stack 1. Increase the required warm-up flow rate.
- the temperature of the anode gas supplied to the jet pump 25 rises and the temperature of the anode gas discharged from the jet pump 25 rises to the freezing point in a short time. It is possible to prevent the road from being blocked.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の実施形態における燃料電池システムの構成例を示す図である。
カソード電極 : 4H+ +4e- + O2 → 2H2O・・・(2)
図5は、本発明の第2実施形態における冷却水流量制御部200の詳細構成を示すブロック図である。
図11は、本発明の第3実施形態における燃料電池システム101の構成例を示す図である。
図15は、本発明の第4実施形態における燃料電池システム101の構成例を示す図である。
Claims (10)
- 燃料電池にアノードガス及びカソードガスを供給するとともに負荷に応じて燃料電池を発電させる燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池にアノードガス及びカソードガスのうち一方のガスを供給するガス供給通路と、
前記燃料電池を冷却するための冷媒を前記燃料電池に供給する冷媒供給手段と、
前記燃料電池で昇温される前記冷媒と前記ガス供給通路に供給されるガスとの間で熱を交換する熱交換器と、
前記ガス供給通路に設けられ、前記燃料電池から排出される前記一方のガスを前記燃料電池に循環させる部品と、
前記燃料電池の暖機時に、前記燃料電池を暖機するための所定の流量に前記冷媒の流量を制御する暖機制御部と、
前記暖機制御部によって前記冷媒の流量が制御されているときに、前記部品によって循環されるガスの温度、又は、当該温度に関するパラメータに基づいて、前記熱交換器に供給される前記冷媒の流量を上昇させるガス昇温制御部と、
を含む燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記ガス昇温制御部は、前記燃料電池から前記部品へ循環される循環ガスの温度が氷点温度以上であり、かつ、前記部品から前記燃料電池に吐出される吐出ガスの温度が氷点温度以下である場合に、前記冷媒の流量を上昇させる、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1又は請求項2に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記ガス昇温制御部は、前記燃料電池から前記部品へ循環される循環ガスの温度が、当該循環ガス中の水蒸気量が増加する所定の閾値を超えた場合には、前記暖機制御部によって制御される流量よりも前記冷媒の流量を増加させる、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項3に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記ガス昇温制御部は、前記部品から前記燃料電池に吐出される吐出ガスの温度と前記循環ガスの温度との温度差が大きいほど、前記冷媒の流量を増加させる幅を大きくする、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項3又は請求項4に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記ガス昇温制御部は、前記燃料電池に供給されるガスの供給流量が多いほど、前記冷媒の流量を増加させる幅を大きくする、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項3から請求項5までのいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記ガス昇温制御部は、前記燃料電池の電解質膜が乾燥するほど、前記冷媒の流量を増加させる幅を小さくする、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1から請求項6までのいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記ガス昇温制御部は、前記部品から前記燃料電池に吐出される吐出ガスの温度に基づいて、前記熱交換器に供給される前記冷媒の流量の上昇を制限する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項7に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記熱交換器から前記部品に供給される供給ガスの温度と、前記燃料電池から前記部品へ循環される循環ガスの温度とに基づいて、前記吐出ガスの温度を演算する演算部をさらに含み、
前記ガス昇温制御部は、前記冷媒の流量を増加させた後に、前記吐出ガスの温度が氷点温度に基づいて定められた制限閾値まで上昇したときには、前記熱交換器に供給される前記冷媒の流量を、前記暖機制御部によって制御される流量に切り替える、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記温度に関するパラメータは、前記冷媒の温度である、
燃料電池システム。 - 燃料電池にアノードガス及びカソードガスを供給するとともに負荷に応じて燃料電池を発電させる燃料電池システムであって、前記燃料電池にアノードガス及びカソードガスのうち一方のガスを供給するガス供給通路と、前記燃料電池を冷却するための冷媒を前記燃料電池に供給する冷媒供給手段と、前記燃料電池で昇温される前記冷媒と前記ガス供給通路に供給されるガスとの間で熱を交換する熱交換器と、前記ガス供給通路に設けられ、前記燃料電池から排出される前記一方のガスを前記燃料電池に循環させる部品と、を備える燃料電池システムの制御方法であって、
前記燃料電池の暖機時に、前記燃料電池を暖機するための所定の流量に前記冷媒の流量を制御する暖機制御ステップと、
前記暖機制御部によって前記冷媒の流量が制御されているときに、前記部品によって循環されるガスの温度、又は、当該温度に関するパラメータに基づいて、前記熱交換器に供給される前記冷媒の流量を上昇させるガス昇温制御ステップと、
を含む燃料電池システムの制御方法。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP15825107.4A EP3174147B1 (en) | 2014-07-24 | 2015-06-16 | Fuel cell system and fuel cell system control method |
US15/328,150 US10411279B2 (en) | 2014-07-24 | 2015-06-16 | Fuel cell system and control method for fuel cell system |
CN201580041226.9A CN106575778B (zh) | 2014-07-24 | 2015-06-16 | 燃料电池系统以及燃料电池系统的控制方法 |
JP2016535847A JP6264460B2 (ja) | 2014-07-24 | 2015-06-16 | 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システムの制御方法 |
CA2956122A CA2956122C (en) | 2014-07-24 | 2015-06-16 | Fuel cell system and control method for fuel cell system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2014151268 | 2014-07-24 | ||
JP2014-151268 | 2014-07-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2016013333A1 true WO2016013333A1 (ja) | 2016-01-28 |
Family
ID=55162868
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2015/067336 WO2016013333A1 (ja) | 2014-07-24 | 2015-06-16 | 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システムの制御方法 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10411279B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3174147B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6264460B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN106575778B (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2956122C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2016013333A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2018042414A (ja) * | 2016-09-09 | 2018-03-15 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 冷却異常検出装置 |
JP2021044073A (ja) * | 2019-09-06 | 2021-03-18 | 株式会社Subaru | 燃料電池システム、制御装置および制御方法 |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102014217780A1 (de) * | 2014-09-05 | 2016-03-10 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum prädiktiven Betrieb einer Brennstoffzelle bzw. eines Hochvoltspeichers |
DE102015004677B4 (de) * | 2015-04-09 | 2021-03-18 | Daimler Ag | Verfahren zur Leistungsregelung eines Brennstoffzellensystems |
EP3671925B1 (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2021-04-28 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell system and fuel cell system warm-up method |
CN109560309A (zh) * | 2017-09-25 | 2019-04-02 | 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 | 一种燃料电池及其自增湿水管理系统和方法 |
JP7139754B2 (ja) * | 2018-07-26 | 2022-09-21 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP7047658B2 (ja) * | 2018-08-07 | 2022-04-05 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
WO2021059351A1 (ja) * | 2019-09-24 | 2021-04-01 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システムの制御方法 |
JP7342731B2 (ja) * | 2020-02-19 | 2023-09-12 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP7396312B2 (ja) * | 2021-02-24 | 2023-12-12 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP7361063B2 (ja) * | 2021-03-30 | 2023-10-13 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 電力システム、および電力システムの制御方法 |
CN116646561B (zh) * | 2023-06-15 | 2024-02-23 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | 燃料电池低温自启动的控制方法 |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007066552A (ja) * | 2005-08-29 | 2007-03-15 | Denso Corp | 圧力調整装置及び圧力調整装置を備える燃料電池システム |
JP2009181750A (ja) * | 2008-01-29 | 2009-08-13 | Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム |
JP2010108695A (ja) * | 2008-10-29 | 2010-05-13 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池システム |
JP2010146751A (ja) * | 2008-12-16 | 2010-07-01 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム |
US20100178578A1 (en) * | 2009-01-15 | 2010-07-15 | Ford Motor Company | System and method for detecting a fuel cell anode gas composition |
JP2012156030A (ja) * | 2011-01-27 | 2012-08-16 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム及びその制御方法 |
JP2013109895A (ja) * | 2011-11-18 | 2013-06-06 | Denso Corp | 燃料電池システム |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4151375B2 (ja) * | 2002-10-16 | 2008-09-17 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP4151384B2 (ja) * | 2002-11-07 | 2008-09-17 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
US20080063902A1 (en) * | 2004-05-19 | 2008-03-13 | Yoshitaka Kawasaki | Fuel Cell System |
JP4940545B2 (ja) * | 2004-12-07 | 2012-05-30 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
KR100652605B1 (ko) * | 2005-09-05 | 2006-12-01 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 온습도조절부를 구비한 연료전지 |
JP4735642B2 (ja) * | 2007-12-27 | 2011-07-27 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システムおよび燃料電池システムの制御方法 |
CN101478051A (zh) * | 2008-01-04 | 2009-07-08 | 中强光电股份有限公司 | 燃料电池循环系统、其控制方法及其关机方法 |
JP4379749B2 (ja) * | 2008-05-20 | 2009-12-09 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
-
2015
- 2015-06-16 US US15/328,150 patent/US10411279B2/en active Active
- 2015-06-16 CN CN201580041226.9A patent/CN106575778B/zh active Active
- 2015-06-16 CA CA2956122A patent/CA2956122C/en active Active
- 2015-06-16 EP EP15825107.4A patent/EP3174147B1/en active Active
- 2015-06-16 WO PCT/JP2015/067336 patent/WO2016013333A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2015-06-16 JP JP2016535847A patent/JP6264460B2/ja active Active
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007066552A (ja) * | 2005-08-29 | 2007-03-15 | Denso Corp | 圧力調整装置及び圧力調整装置を備える燃料電池システム |
JP2009181750A (ja) * | 2008-01-29 | 2009-08-13 | Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム |
JP2010108695A (ja) * | 2008-10-29 | 2010-05-13 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池システム |
JP2010146751A (ja) * | 2008-12-16 | 2010-07-01 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム |
US20100178578A1 (en) * | 2009-01-15 | 2010-07-15 | Ford Motor Company | System and method for detecting a fuel cell anode gas composition |
JP2012156030A (ja) * | 2011-01-27 | 2012-08-16 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム及びその制御方法 |
JP2013109895A (ja) * | 2011-11-18 | 2013-06-06 | Denso Corp | 燃料電池システム |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2018042414A (ja) * | 2016-09-09 | 2018-03-15 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 冷却異常検出装置 |
JP2021044073A (ja) * | 2019-09-06 | 2021-03-18 | 株式会社Subaru | 燃料電池システム、制御装置および制御方法 |
US11695144B2 (en) | 2019-09-06 | 2023-07-04 | Subaru Corporation | Fuel cell system, control apparatus, and control method |
JP7382184B2 (ja) | 2019-09-06 | 2023-11-16 | 株式会社Subaru | 燃料電池システム、制御装置および制御方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2956122A1 (en) | 2016-01-28 |
JP6264460B2 (ja) | 2018-01-24 |
EP3174147B1 (en) | 2020-02-26 |
EP3174147A1 (en) | 2017-05-31 |
US10411279B2 (en) | 2019-09-10 |
JPWO2016013333A1 (ja) | 2017-04-27 |
CN106575778A (zh) | 2017-04-19 |
CN106575778B (zh) | 2019-05-28 |
US20170214069A1 (en) | 2017-07-27 |
CA2956122C (en) | 2019-06-25 |
EP3174147A4 (en) | 2017-05-31 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP6264460B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システムの制御方法 | |
JP6533786B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システムの制御方法 | |
KR101829509B1 (ko) | 연료 전지 시스템 및 연료 전지 시스템의 제어 방법 | |
JP5939312B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム及びその制御方法 | |
JP5114825B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システムの運転方法 | |
JP6179560B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム | |
JP6252595B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システムの制御方法 | |
JP2009158379A (ja) | 燃料電池システムおよび燃料電池システムの制御方法 | |
JP5742946B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム | |
JP4432603B2 (ja) | 車輌用燃料電池装置 | |
JP6171572B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム | |
JP2013229140A (ja) | 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システムの起動方法 | |
JP5434054B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム | |
JP2023096401A (ja) | バッテリ冷却システム、及び、バッテリ冷却システムの制御方法 | |
JP6295521B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム | |
JP2021018841A (ja) | 燃料電池システム | |
JP6139478B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム | |
JP2006114336A (ja) | 燃料電池の起動方法及び燃料電池システム |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 15825107 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2016535847 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 15328150 Country of ref document: US |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2956122 Country of ref document: CA |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
REEP | Request for entry into the european phase |
Ref document number: 2015825107 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2015825107 Country of ref document: EP |