WO2016002856A1 - トリチウム水の軽水からの分離方法 - Google Patents
トリチウム水の軽水からの分離方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016002856A1 WO2016002856A1 PCT/JP2015/069057 JP2015069057W WO2016002856A1 WO 2016002856 A1 WO2016002856 A1 WO 2016002856A1 JP 2015069057 W JP2015069057 W JP 2015069057W WO 2016002856 A1 WO2016002856 A1 WO 2016002856A1
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- water
- tritium
- gas hydrate
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D59/00—Separation of different isotopes of the same chemical element
- B01D59/02—Separation by phase transition
- B01D59/08—Separation by phase transition by fractional crystallisation, by precipitation, by zone freezing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D9/00—Crystallisation
- B01D9/005—Selection of auxiliary, e.g. for control of crystallisation nuclei, of crystal growth, of adherence to walls; Arrangements for introduction thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/04—Treating liquids
- G21F9/06—Processing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F2001/5218—Crystallization
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/006—Radioactive compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for separating tritium water from light water.
- Tritium is the only radionuclide that remains in concentration, and is said to exist as tritium water (HTO).
- the tritium concentration in the contaminated water is 0.6 to 5 ⁇ 10 6 Bq / L, and the contaminated water itself is increasing by 400 m 3 / day, so at least the tritium concentration in the contaminated water can be released into the environment. It is required to develop a tritium removal technique that can be reduced to ⁇ 10 4 Bq / L or less (the concentration of tritium in seawater is 1 to 3 Bq / L) and that has a processing speed higher than 400 m 3 / day.
- T tritium
- concentration of tritium water in the contaminated water is 1.86 to 9.29 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 g / L. It is extremely dilute, and it is required to remove about 99% or more of this tritium water.
- Patent Document 1 The idea of separating tritium water from light water using the difference in gas hydrate crystallization temperature between tritium water and light water is known (Patent Document 1).
- the tritium water in the contaminated water is extremely dilute, and even if an attempt is made to crystallize the gas hydrate containing tritium water without containing light water, it is considered that the precursor is formed because the concentration is too low.
- the probability that critical nuclei are formed is small, and in fact, it cannot be crystallized.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 There are many proposals that the liquid phase and gas hydrate crystals are separated by floating or sedimentation separation using the difference in specific gravity (Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2), but what is used for the gas to form a hydrate structure. Depending on the type, tritium water and light water cannot be separated sufficiently by gravity alone because the specific gravity difference is small.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for industrially separating tritium water from light water.
- heavy water is added to a mixed liquid containing tritium water and light water, and the conditions for forming heavy water and tritium water and / or gas hydrate and maintaining the liquid state of light water
- a process of removing tritium water and heavy water from light water by forming a gas hydrate containing heavy water in the crystal structure, and tritium water and heavy water obtained by breaking the gas hydrate structure containing tritium water and heavy water.
- the tritium water is separated from the heavy water and then the gas hydrate structure of the tritium water is broken to collect the tritium water.
- a method of separating from light water tritiated water which comprises free.
- the present invention provides a method for separating tritium water from light water by recrystallizing a mixed liquid containing tritium water and heavy water obtained by breaking a gas hydrate containing tritium water and heavy water in the crystal structure. This is repeated to remove or reduce the light water contained in the gas hydrate, and then the tritium water-heavy water mixture is mixed with the tritium water gas hydrate formation condition and the heavy water. Tritium water may be converted into a gas hydrate under conditions that maintain a liquid state.
- heavy water can be used repeatedly, and tritium water can be industrially separated from light water.
- tritium separated from water will be used in a nuclear reactor that produces about 10 million times as much energy as fossil fuel by using it for the fusion reaction with heavy water promoted by Lockheed Martin. Can do.
- FIG. 2 shows a scheme of the method of the present invention.
- 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus for carrying out the present invention.
- heavy water is added to a mixed solution containing tritium water and light water.
- tritium water, light water and heavy water are mixed.
- the mixed liquid containing tritium water and light water is so-called contaminated water, and may contain other than tritium water and light water.
- Heavy water is at least one of D 2 O or DOH.
- the amount of heavy water added to the contaminated water is that the structure of heavy water gas hydrate is similar to that of tritium water gas hydrate, so that heavy water gas hydrate functions as a seed crystal and tritium water gas hydrate is mixed with heavy water gas hydrate.
- the amount that can be crystallized in such a form For example, about 10 4 times the tritium concentration in the contaminated water. In this case, since the tritium concentration of the contaminated water is 1.86 to 9.29 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 g / L as described above, the amount of heavy water added is about 0.01 to 50% by weight of the contaminated water. is there.
- gas hydrate formation of tritium water and heavy water in contaminated water is performed under conditions for forming gas hydrate in both heavy water and tritium water, or any gas hydrate formation condition.
- the gas hydrate formation conditions of heavy water and / or tritium water differ not only depending on the type of guest molecule, but also depending on the crystal structure of the gas hydrate to be formed.
- the structure of heavy water gas hydrate is type I and type II
- the four points (Q 1 ) of the heavy water hydrate phase, the ice phase, the water phase, and the gas phase of the guest molecule, the hydrate phase and water Conditions are set between the temperature and pressure between the four points (Q 2 ) of the gas phase and guest phase of the phase and guest molecules.
- the guest molecule in the gas hydrate may be generally used and is not particularly limited.
- CH 2 F 2 (HFC-32) Ar, Kr, N 2 , O 2 , Xe, H 2 S, CH 4 , CO 2 , C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 3 H 6 , C 3 H 8 , C 4 H 10 , Freon, tetrahydrofuran (THF), acetone and the like can be mentioned.
- CH 2 F 2 (Difruoromethan) is also called HFC-32, and the details will be described later in Examples, but are preferable. Propane is also preferred.
- a significant difference from the normal gas hydrate formation method is that, if the gas hydrate is formed in a supercooled state lower than Q 1 as in the normal gas hydrate formation, the gas hydrate formation of heavy water is performed. Since the conditions are similar to those of light water, light water may be crystallized in the process of turning heavy water into gas hydrate. However, while to Q 1 light water is 0 °C under atmospheric pressure, heavy water has differences 3.82 close °C and 4 ° C., while the light water into liquid, advancing the gas hydrate of heavy water Is possible.
- the gas contained in these for example, air, oxygen, carbon dioxide gas, It is necessary to remove.
- the removing means is not particularly limited, but a vacuum pump is usually used.
- guest molecules are mixed with light water and heavy water.
- the mixing means is not limited, but a gas bubbling method is usually used. After these treatments, gas hydrate conversion is performed. At this time, since HFC-32 as a guest molecule has high solubility in water, the gas hydrate formation rate can be increased.
- the temperature is applied in a temperature range where light water does not become solid and both heavy water and tritium water crystallize, and at a certain stage, both heavy water and tritium water gas hydrate. Since the gas pressure decreases when the gas starts to be converted, a method of increasing the gas pressure while replenishing the gas is taken. At this time, the temperature since the heat generation at the time of gas hydrate of, it is needless to say that to maintain between Q 1, Q 2.
- the gas hydrate obtained in this way includes the case where the gas hydrate is formed under conditions of heavy water gas hydrate formation, but tritium water is also gas hydrated together with heavy water to become a solid, and a small amount of light water is gas. Although it is taken into the hydrate crystal, it can be separated from the light water, which is mostly liquid, by simple solid-liquid separation means such as filtration and centrifugation. Similarly, when the gas hydrate conversion of tritium water proceeds further, heavy water is similarly gas hydrated. In the case of the contaminated water, the crystallized gas hydrate crystal structure contains about 0.01% by weight of tritium water having a crystal structure with respect to heavy water having a crystal structure. Gas hydrate crystals are separated from large volumes of light water, but there is light water taken up by the crystals.
- the structure of the gas hydrate crystal containing tritium water and heavy water is destroyed.
- Destruction may be performed by removing at least one of the temperature and pressure of the gas hydrate crystal in a direction that weakens the bonding force from the formation conditions. That is, the gas hydrate crystal is heated and dissolved, the pressure is reduced, or both.
- tritium water and heavy water can be separated from a large volume of light water and taken out as a liquid. As a result, a mixed liquid containing heavy water and tritium water containing a slight amount of light water is obtained.
- the light water slightly contained in the gas hydrate may be left as it is, but preferably a method of reducing is used.
- a recrystallization method is a preferred method. This method repeats the process of recrystallizing a mixed liquid containing tritium water and heavy water, which is obtained by breaking the gas hydrate having a crystal structure of both tritium water and heavy water. The gas hydrate that has become is stopped without breaking, and the gas hydrate smaller in size is broken and recrystallized, so that light water that is difficult to crystallize remains in a liquid state, and tritium water that is easy to crystallize. And that heavy water is converted to gas hydrate. Gas hydrate formation conditions during the recrystallization may be supercooled state from the gas hydrate formation condition between Q 1, Q 2. Details will be described later.
- the mixed liquid containing tritium water and heavy water thus obtained is gas hydrated under conditions for forming a gas hydrate of tritium water and maintaining the liquid conditions for heavy water.
- the basic concept of this gas hydrate conversion method is the same as that of the previous gas hydrate conversion method.
- Q 1 of the heavy water at atmospheric pressure whereas it is 3.82 ° C.
- Q 1 of the tritiated water is 4.49 ° C., although the difference is small, as long as the temperature control is performed properly
- Separation device for tritium water from light water As an apparatus for performing gas hydrate crystallization of heavy water and tritium water or tritium water of the method of the present invention, a known apparatus is used. For example, the reaction between the reaction tank upper part and the reaction tank is performed outside the reaction tank for crystallization. A device having a circulation pipe connecting the tank bottom and a pump for pumping upward from the bottom to the middle of the pipe is used. The temperature in this pipe may be higher than the crystallization temperature, but is usually set to a temperature slightly higher than the temperature of the reaction vessel.
- the gas hydrate crystals grown in the reaction tank are trapped when they are larger than the filter diameter, but the crystals smaller than the filter pore diameter are dissolved when circulating in the pipe and then returned to the reaction tank and recrystallized.
- the gas hydrate crystals in the reaction vessel continue to grow. After the crystal grows to a certain size, the circulation of the liquid phase is hindered and the pump differential pressure increases. By removing the liquid phase in the reaction vessel at this stage, the hydrate crystals and the liquid phase can be separated.
- FIG. 1 An example of the separation apparatus used in the present invention is shown in FIG. 1
- a heavy water tank 12 and a light water tank 13 are provided.
- the dissolved gas can be removed by a decompression pump.
- the heavy water tank 12 contains heavy water to be added to the contaminated water, but the heavy water recovered by the separation method of the present invention can also be stored.
- the light water tank 13 is a tank for storing the tritium water and the light water separated and recovered by the separation method of the present invention.
- the circulation pump 21 is a pump that circulates the contaminated water and heavy water to the reaction tank 31, and the gas cylinder 22 is filled with a substance that forms a gas hydrate, for example, propane gas.
- the reaction tank 31 is a device that generates a gas hydrate of heavy water and tritium water or a gas hydrate of tritium water.
- the constant temperature water tank 41 contains contaminated water sent from the contaminated water tank 11 by the circulation pump 21, puts heavy water sent from the heavy water tank 12 by the circulation pump 21, and forms gas hydrate under the control of the instrumentation device 51. It is a device to bring the temperature to the condition.
- the instrumentation device 51 includes a temperature control device 52, a thermometer 53, a pressure adjustment device 54 that adjusts the pressure from the gas cylinder 22 to obtain a gas hydrate formation pressure.
- the reaction tank 31 receives the polluted water and heavy water from the constant temperature water tank 41 at a gas hydrate formation condition temperature by the circulation pump 21, and the gas from the gas cylinder 22 is brought to the gas hydrate formation condition pressure by the instrumentation device 51. Accept later.
- contaminated water and heavy water are bubbled to form a gas hydrate.
- the circulation pipe connecting the reaction tank 31 and the circulation pump has a built-in filter, and as described above, the gas hydrate crystal grown in the reaction tank 31 is trapped when it becomes larger than the filter diameter. However, the crystals smaller than the filter pore diameter are dissolved when circulating in the pipe and then returned to the reaction tank 31 to be recrystallized.
- the gas hydrate crystal in the reaction tank 31 grows by this mechanism until the liquid phase circulation is prevented, the differential pressure of the pump increases. At this stage, the hydrate crystals and the liquid phase are separated by removing the liquid phase in the reaction vessel.
- Example 1 As sample water for the test, a reagent containing commercially available tritium water in ultrapure water was mixed so that the tritium concentration was 5 ⁇ 10 5 Bq / L to obtain sample water. Sample water was put into a reaction vessel, and the same amount of heavy water was added thereto. The sample water to which heavy water was added was degassed by a vacuum pump. These operations were performed at 19.0 ° C.
- HFC-32 gas While maintaining the temperature of the reaction vessel at 19.0 ° C., HFC-32 gas was introduced into the reaction vessel at a constant rate. HFC-32 gas dissolved in water until saturation, and the pressure increase rate increased when saturation was reached. The pressure increased and the gas hydrate production conditions were reached, and gas hydrate crystals were precipitated. At this time, as the gas was gas hydrated, the pressure dropped suddenly, so HFC-32 gas was introduced as needed to compensate for this. At this temperature and pressure conditions, water hydrate crystallization light water is a heavy water and tritiated water, by setting sufficiently higher than 20.0 ° C. is Q 2 temperature of light water the temperature of the external circulation section The hydrate with low crystallinity passing through the external circulation was redissolved.
- the temperature in the reaction vessel was gradually increased from 19.0 ° C.
- the temperature was raised up to a temperature of 22.5 ° C. at which light water is not in a stable phase for light water but heavy water and tritium water are in a stable phase for hydrate.
- the reaction was continued under these conditions, and the liquid phase in the reaction vessel was discharged when the flow rate in the external circulation section became low.
- the discharged liquid phase was degassed by heating under reduced pressure.
- the liquid sample after degassing was light water after treatment, and the concentration of tritium water contained therein was measured. The measurement was performed by a liquid scintillation method. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the hydrate crystals left in the reaction vessel were degassed at the same time as being melted by heating under reduced pressure.
- the liquid sample after degassing is a concentrated heavy water / tritium water mixture.
- the hydrate crystals left in the reaction vessel were depressurized and liquefied, and used as sample water for separation operation of heavy water and tritium water, and placed in the reaction vessel.
- HFC-32 gas was introduced into the reaction vessel at a constant rate while maintaining the temperature of the reaction vessel at 19.0 ° C. HFC-32 gas dissolves in water until saturation, but when it reaches saturation, the rate of pressure increase increases. When the pressure increases and the conditions for generating gas hydrate are reached, gas hydrate crystals are precipitated. At this time, since the gas suddenly drops due to gas hydrate formation, HFC-32 gas was introduced as needed to compensate for this.
- the temperature of the external circulation part sufficiently higher than the heavy water Q 2 temperature of about 23 ° C.
- the low crystallinity hydrate passing through the external circulation part was redissolved. Further, the temperature in the reaction vessel was gradually increased from 19.0 ° C. The temperature was raised up to a temperature of 24 ° C. where heavy water was not stable in hydrate but tritium was stable in hydrate.
- the reaction was continued under these conditions, and the liquid phase in the reaction vessel was discharged when the flow rate in the external circulation section became low.
- the discharged liquid phase was degassed by heating under reduced pressure.
- the liquid sample after degassing is treated heavy water.
- the hydrate crystals left in the reaction vessel were heated and melted under reduced pressure and degassed at the same time.
- the liquid sample after degassing was a concentrated heavy water / tritium water mixture, and the concentration of tritium water was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 2 As sample water for the test, a reagent containing commercially available tritium water in ultrapure water was mixed so that the tritium concentration was 5 ⁇ 10 5 Bq / L to obtain sample water. Sample water was put into a reaction vessel, and the same amount of heavy water was added thereto. The sample water to which heavy water was added was degassed by a vacuum pump. These operations were performed at 19.0 ° C.
- HFC-32 gas While maintaining the reaction vessel temperature at 22.5 ° C., HFC-32 gas was introduced into the reaction vessel at a constant rate. HFC-32 gas dissolves in water until saturation, but when it reaches saturation, the rate of pressure increase increases. When the pressure increases and the conditions for generating gas hydrate are reached, gas hydrate crystals are precipitated. At this time, since the gas suddenly drops due to gas hydrate formation, HFC-32 gas was introduced as needed to compensate for this. Under this temperature and pressure conditions, the water to be hydrate crystallized is heavy water and tritium water. However, by setting the temperature of the external circulation part slightly higher than the heavy water Q 2 temperature of about 23 ° C., external circulation is possible. The low crystallinity hydrate passing through the part was redissolved.
- the temperature in the reaction vessel is gradually increased from 22.5 ° C., and light water hydrate crystallized as a thermodynamic metastable phase, whereas hydrate can exist as a stable phase in heavy water and tritium water.
- the temperature was raised to 23.5 ° C. at which the sucrose dissolves.
- the reaction was continued under these conditions, and the liquid phase in the reaction vessel was discharged when the flow rate in the external circulation section became low.
- the discharged liquid phase was degassed by heating under reduced pressure.
- the liquid sample after degassing was light water after treatment, and the concentration of tritium water contained therein was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the hydrate crystals left in the reaction vessel were heated and melted under reduced pressure and degassed at the same time.
- the liquid sample after degassing is a concentrated heavy water / tritium water mixture.
- the hydrate crystals left in the reaction vessel were depressurized and liquefied, and used as sample water for separation operation of heavy water and tritium water, and placed in the reaction vessel.
- HFC-32 gas was introduced into the reaction tank at a constant rate while maintaining the reaction tank temperature at 22.5 ° C. HFC-32 gas dissolves in water until saturation, but when it reaches saturation, the rate of pressure increase increases. When the pressure increases and the conditions for generating gas hydrate are reached, gas hydrate crystals are precipitated. At this time, since the gas suddenly drops due to gas hydrate formation, HFC-32 gas was introduced as needed to compensate for this.
- the temperature of the external circulation section by setting slightly higher than about 23 ° C. is Q 2 temperature of heavy water, redissolved hydrate of low crystallinity through the external circulation section.
- the temperature in the reaction vessel was gradually increased from 19.0 ° C., and although heavy water was not stable in hydrate, tritium water was heated to 24 ° C. where hydrate was stable.
- the reaction was continued under these conditions, and the liquid phase in the reaction vessel was discharged when the flow rate in the external circulation section became lower than a predetermined value.
- the discharged liquid phase was degassed by heating under reduced pressure.
- the liquid sample after degassing is treated heavy water.
- the hydrate crystals left in the reaction vessel were heated and melted under reduced pressure and degassed at the same time.
- the liquid sample after degassing was a concentrated heavy water / tritium water mixture, and the concentration of tritium water was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
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Abstract
Description
本発明における汚染水からトリチウム水を分離する方法を、図1に示す。
トリチウム水と軽水を含む混合液はいわゆる汚染水であり、トリチウム水と軽水以外のものが含まれていてもよい。重水はD2OまたはDOHの少なくともいずれかである。
汚染水に添加する重水の量は、重水ガスハイドレートがトリチウム水ガスハイドレートと構造が近いことから、重水ガスハイドレートが種結晶として機能し、トリチウム水ガスハイドレートが重水ガスハイドレートと混在する形で結晶化することが可能な量とする。例えば、汚染水のトリチウム濃度の約104倍程度である。この場合には、汚染水のトリチウム濃度は前述した通り、1.86~9.29×10-8g/Lであるから、重水の添加量は汚染水の0.01~50重量%程度である。
本発明方法の重水とトリチウム水、または、トリチウム水のガスハイドレート結晶化を行なう装置としては、公知の装置が用いられるが、例えば、結晶化を行う反応槽の外部に、反応槽上部と反応槽底部とをつなぐ循環パイプを有し、このパイプの中間部には底部から上部方向に圧送するポンプを有する装置が用いられる。このパイプ内の温度は結晶化温度より高ければよいが、通常は反応槽の温度よりも僅かに高い温度に設定される。反応槽内で成長したガスハイドレート結晶は、フィルタ径より大きくなるとトラップされるが、フィルタ孔径より小さい結晶は、パイプ中を循環する際に溶解した後に反応槽に戻り、再結晶化する。この機構により反応槽中のガスハイドレート結晶は成長を続ける。一定の大きさまで結晶が成長した後、液相の循環が妨げられ、ポンプの差圧が上昇する。この段階で反応槽中の液相を除去することにより、ハイドレート結晶と液相を分離することができる。
試験用の試料水として、超純水に市販のトリチウム水を含有する試薬をトリチウム濃度が5×105Bq/Lになるように混合し、試料水とした。試料水を反応槽に入れ、ここに同量の重水を添加した。重水を添加した試料水を真空ポンプで減圧脱気させた。これらの操作は19.0℃で行った。
この条件下で反応を継続させ、外部循環部の流量が低くなった時点で、反応槽内の液相を排出した。排出した液相は減圧下で加熱し、脱ガスさせた。脱ガス後の液体試料は、処理後の軽水であり、この中に含まれるトリチウム水の濃度を測定した。測定は液体シンチレーション法で行った。結果を表1に示した。
試験用の試料水として、超純水に市販のトリチウム水を含有する試薬をトリチウム濃度が5×105Bq/Lとなるように混合し試料水とした。試料水を反応槽に入れ、ここに同量の重水を添加した。重水を添加した試料水を真空ポンプで減圧脱気させた。これらの操作は19.0℃で行った。
12 重水タンク
13 軽水タンク
21 循環ポンプ
22 ガスボンベ
31 反応槽
41 恒温水槽
51 計装装置
52 温度制御装置
53 温度計
54 圧力調整装置
Claims (2)
- トリチウム水と軽水を含む混合液に、重水を添加し、重水及び/又はトリチウム水のガスハイドレートの形成条件下であって且つ軽水の液体状態を維持する条件下で、トリチウム水と重水とを結晶構造中に含むガスハイドレートを形成することにより、トリチウム水及び重水を軽水から除去する工程と、
トリチウム水と重水とを含むガスハイドレート構造を壊して得られる、トリチウム水と重水を含む混合液を、トリチウム水のガスハイドレート形成条件下であって且つ重水の液体条件を維持する条件下で、トリチウム水を結晶構造中に含むガスハイドレートを形成することにより、トリチウム水を重水から分離した後、トリチウム水のガスハイドレート構造を壊して、トリチウム水を重水から収集する工程
を、この順序で包含することを特徴とするトリチウム水の軽水からの分離方法。 - トリチウム水と重水とを結晶構造中に含むガスハイドレートを壊して得られる、トリチウム水と重水を含む混合液を、再結晶化することを繰り返して、ガスハイドレート中に含まれていた軽水を除去若しくは軽減した上で、
トリチウム水と重水を含む混合液を、トリチウム水のガスハイドレート形成条件下であって且つ重水の液体状態を維持する条件下で、トリチウム水をガスハイドレートとすることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のトリチウム水の軽水からの分離方法。
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WO2019080035A1 (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2019-05-02 | Shenzhen Xpectvision Technology Co., Ltd. | X-RAY FLUORESCENCE DETECTOR |
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