WO2015190705A1 - 비수 전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 - Google Patents
비수 전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015190705A1 WO2015190705A1 PCT/KR2015/004613 KR2015004613W WO2015190705A1 WO 2015190705 A1 WO2015190705 A1 WO 2015190705A1 KR 2015004613 W KR2015004613 W KR 2015004613W WO 2015190705 A1 WO2015190705 A1 WO 2015190705A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- group
- carbonate
- secondary battery
- battery
- Prior art date
Links
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- -1 phosphorus compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical group O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CCS)C(=O)C2=C1 UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(C(=O)N)CCN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isothiocyanatocyclopropane Chemical compound S=C=NC1CC1 JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018720 Li0.8 Ti2.2 O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanoic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OCC OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric acid octyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyric acid methyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OC UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- MBNVSWHUJDDZRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylthiirane Chemical compound CC1CS1 MBNVSWHUJDDZRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LWLOKSXSAUHTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CC1OC(=O)OC1C LWLOKSXSAUHTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LSUWCXHZPFTZSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethyl-5-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CCC1OC(=O)OC1C LSUWCXHZPFTZSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AUXJVUDWWLIGRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CCCC1COC(=O)O1 AUXJVUDWWLIGRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910018871 CoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920008712 Copo Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910004174 Li1.14Ti1.71O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910009109 Li1.33Ti1.67O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910011957 Li2.67Ti1.33O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013528 LiN(SO2 CF3)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013385 LiN(SO2C2F5)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910012465 LiTi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- YFXWODPYUNGUEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [I].[Li] Chemical compound [I].[Li] YFXWODPYUNGUEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BEKPOUATRPPTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].BCl Chemical compound [Li].BCl BEKPOUATRPPTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JHRWWRDRBPCWTF-OLQVQODUSA-N captafol Chemical compound C1C=CC[C@H]2C(=O)N(SC(Cl)(Cl)C(Cl)Cl)C(=O)[C@H]21 JHRWWRDRBPCWTF-OLQVQODUSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical group [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001537 lithium tetrachloroaluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OWNSEPXOQWKTKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;methanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].CS([O-])(=O)=O OWNSEPXOQWKTKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- MPDOUGUGIVBSGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(cyclobutylmethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(NCC2CCC2)=C1 MPDOUGUGIVBSGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001384 propylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002296 pyrolytic carbon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical group C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- OEMGCAOEZNBNAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].[Li] Chemical compound [P].[Li] OEMGCAOEZNBNAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000003647 acryloyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- VALXVSHDOMUUIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylprop-2-enoic acid;phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.CC(=C)C(O)=O VALXVSHDOMUUIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002000 Electrolyte additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003860 C1-C20 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003307 Ni-Cd Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018095 Ni-MH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018477 Ni—MH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QNWMCPQNHAOYAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N OC(O)=O.C=CC1COC(=O)O1 Chemical compound OC(O)=O.C=CC1COC(=O)O1 QNWMCPQNHAOYAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005073 adamantyl group Chemical group C12(CC3CC(CC(C1)C3)C2)* 0.000 description 1
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004106 butoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006231 channel black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011294 coal tar pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- WRJBSKQYDASILN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1.O=C1CCCCC1 WRJBSKQYDASILN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003759 ester based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- QKBJDEGZZJWPJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound [CH2]COC(=O)OCCC QKBJDEGZZJWPJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006232 furnace black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 1
- SMBGWMJTOOLQHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead;sulfuric acid Chemical compound [Pb].OS(O)(=O)=O SMBGWMJTOOLQHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011302 mesophase pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monofluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1 PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005181 nitrobenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002868 norbornyl group Chemical group C12(CCC(CC1)C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011301 petroleum pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001008 quinone-imine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- WHRNULOCNSKMGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran thf Chemical compound C1CCOC1.C1CCOC1 WHRNULOCNSKMGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/387—Tin or alloys based on tin
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/417—Polyolefins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/451—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/457—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nonaqueous electrolyte and a lithium secondary battery comprising the same.
- lithium secondary batteries developed in the early 1990s have a higher operating voltage and significantly higher energy density than conventional batteries such as Ni-MH, Ni-Cd, and sulfuric acid-lead batteries using water-soluble electrolytes. It is attracting attention as an advantage.
- a lithium secondary battery has safety problems such as ignition and explosion caused by using an organic electrolyte, and has a disadvantage in that manufacturing is difficult.
- Lithium ion polymer battery has been developed to improve the weakness of the lithium secondary battery, but there is a relatively low problem compared to the lithium secondary battery in terms of battery capacity.
- lithium ions generated from the positive electrode active material such as lithium metal oxide move to the negative electrode active material such as graphite and are inserted between the layers of the negative electrode active material.
- the negative electrode active material such as graphite
- lithium ions are highly reactive, lithium ions react with carbon constituting the electrolyte and the negative electrode active material on the surface of the negative electrode active material to generate compounds such as Li 2 CO 3 , Li 2 O, LiOH, and the like. And these compounds form a kind of stable film (Solid Electrolyte Interface, SEI) on the surface of the anode active material.
- the film formed on the surface of the negative electrode active material acts as an ion tunnel to pass only lithium ions, and prevents the structure of the negative electrode from being destroyed by the insertion of organic solvent molecules having a large molecular weight moving together with the lithium ions in the electrolyte between the layers of the negative electrode active material. .
- decomposition of the electrolyte solution does not occur, and the amount of lithium ions in the electrolyte solution is reversibly maintained, thereby maintaining stable charging and discharging.
- the first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte that can form a stable film on the electrode, thereby improving the initial capacity and output characteristics, as well as the life characteristics of the battery.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a lithium secondary battery, a battery module, and a battery pack including the nonaqueous electrolyte.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte comprising an organic solvent, a lithium salt and a phosphorus compound of the formula (1).
- X 1 and X 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms,
- R is selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a hydroxy group and an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,
- n is an integer of 1 or 2.
- a lithium secondary battery, a battery module, and a battery pack including the nonaqueous electrolyte are provided.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a phosphorus-based compound containing an acryloyloxy group as an electrolyte additive, thereby forming a stable film on the electrode during charging and discharging by applying to a battery, and as a result, Together, the initial capacity and output characteristics at room temperature and low temperature can be improved.
- Example 1 is a graph showing the capacity ratio (dQ / dV) according to the voltage of the battery prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
- Example 2 is a graph showing the initial capacity of the battery prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
- Example 3 is a graph showing the output of the battery produced in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing resistance values of the batteries prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing resistance values of the batteries prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
- Example 5 is a graph showing the discharge output of the battery prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
- Example 6 is a graph illustrating a change in potential with time when the resistance of the batteries prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 is reduced.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte comprising an organic solvent, a lithium salt and a phosphorus-based compound of Formula 1 below.
- X 1 and X 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group may be a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, or t-butyl group.
- X may be a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- R may be selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a hydroxy group (—OH), and an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group may be a straight chain or a minute having 1 to 20 carbon atoms such as methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, t-butyl group, hexyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, or decyl group.
- the cycloalkyl group may be specifically cyclopropyl group, cyclobutyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, adamantyl group, norbornyl group, etc.
- the alkoxy group is specifically methoxy group, ethoxy It may be a time period, a propoxy group, butoxy group, t-butoxy group, etc.
- R may be a linear or branched alkyl or hydroxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and more specifically, may be a hydroxy group.
- m is an integer of 0-29, More specifically, it is an integer of 0-3, More specifically, it is an integer of 0 or 1.
- n is an integer of 1 or 2.
- the phosphorus-based compound of Formula 1, X 1 and X 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and wherein R is a straight chain having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or It may be a compound which is a branched alkyl group or a hydroxy group. More specifically, the phosphorus compound of Chemical Formula 1 is wherein X 1 and X 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R is a hydroxy group, and m is an integer of 0 to 1. And n is a compound that is an integer of 1 or 2.
- the phosphorus-based compound of Formula 1 may be more specifically a compound of Formula 1a or 1b:
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, more specifically a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and R 3 is a hydroxy group (-OH) Or a C1-C20 alkoxy group, More specifically, it is a hydroxyl group.
- R 3 is a hydroxy group (-OH) Or a C1-C20 alkoxy group, More specifically, it is a hydroxyl group.
- the alkyl group, cycloalkyl group and alkoxy group are as defined above.
- the phosphorus-based compound of Formula 1 may be selected from the group consisting of compounds of Formulas 2a to 2f.
- Phosphorus-based compound of Formula 1 forms a stable SEI (Solid electrolyte interface) in the electrode during charging and discharging of the battery, at room temperature (23 ⁇ 5 °C) and low temperature (-10 ⁇ 5 °C), especially at low temperatures
- SEI Solid electrolyte interface
- the lifespan characteristics can be improved along with the performance of the initial capacity and output characteristics of the battery.
- the additive reduction and decomposition reaction is difficult due to the high potential, and the resistance of the SEI is high even though SEI is formed due to the catalytic properties of the lithium titanium oxide.
- the P O group contained in the phosphorus-based compound stabilizes the catalytic properties of the lithium titanium oxide, and the acryloyloxy group increases the reduction reaction to SEI. Can reduce the resistance. As a result, the performance and lifespan characteristics of the battery can be further improved.
- Phosphorus-based compound of Formula 1 as described above may be prepared and used according to a conventional method, or may be obtained commercially.
- the phosphorus-based compound of Formula 1 may be included in 0.05 to 5.0% by weight relative to the total weight of the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the content of the phosphorus-based compound of Formula 1 is less than 0.05% by weight, it is difficult to form a stable film for the electrode, and thus the effect of the film formation may be insufficient.
- the content of the phosphorus-based compound of Formula 1 exceeds 5.0% by weight, there is a fear that the formed film acts as a resistance to reduce the initial capacity and output of the battery.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte according to an embodiment of the present invention may include an organic solvent and a lithium salt, together with the phosphorus compound of the formula (1).
- the organic solvent may be used without particular limitation as long as it can serve as a medium through which ions involved in the electrochemical reaction of the battery can move.
- the organic solvent may include a carbonate solvent, an ester solvent, an ether solvent, a ketone solvent or an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent, and any one or a mixture of two or more thereof may be used.
- the carbonate-based organic solvent may specifically include a cyclic carbonate, a linear carbonate, or a mixture thereof.
- specific examples of the cyclic carbonate include ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, 1,2-butylene carbonate, 2,3-butylene carbonate (2,3).
- specific examples of the halide may include fluoroethylene carbonate, but are not limited thereto.
- linear carbonate compound examples include dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate, or methylpropyl carbonate.
- ester organic solvent is specifically methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate. ), Methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, dimethoxy ethane, diethoxy ethane, sulfolane ), Gamma-butyrolactone, propylene sulfide, or tetrahydrofurane, and any one or a mixture of two or more thereof may be used.
- the ester organic solvent is methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, Linear ester compounds such as propyl propionate, methyl butyrate, and ethyl butyrate.
- the ether solvent may be specifically dibutyl ether (dibutyl ether) or tetrahydrofuran (tetrahydrofuran) and the like
- the ketone solvent may be specifically cyclohexanone (cyclohexanone) and the like
- the aromatic hydrocarbon solvent Specifically, benzene or fluorobenzene may be used.
- the organic solvent may include a mixture of the cyclic carbonate and the ester solvent, and more specifically, may include a mixture in which the ester solvent is mixed in a higher content than the cyclic carbonate. More specifically, the organic solvent may include a mixture of the cyclic carbonate solvent and the ester solvent in a volume ratio of 5: 5 to 2: 8.
- the phosphorus-based compound of Formula 1 is used in combination with the cyclic carbonate and the ester-based solvent mixed in the above mixing volume ratio, it may exhibit more improved internal resistance reduction and battery characteristics.
- the lithium salt is lithium chloride (LiCl), lithium bromide (LiBr), lithium iodine (LiI), lithium perchlorate (LiClO 4 ), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4 ), lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ), Lithium hexafluoroarsenate (LiAsF 6 ), lithium hexafluoroantimonate (LiSbF 6 ), lithium tetrachloroaluminate (LiAlCl 4 ), lithium methanesulfonate (CH 3 SO 3 Li), lithium tri Fluoromethanesulfonate (CF 3 SO 3 Li), lithium bis (trifluoromethyl) sulfonimide (LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 ), lithium
- the lithium salt may be lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ). Since LiPF 6 has a high dissociation degree, the conductivity of the nonaqueous electrolyte solution can be increased, and further, the reduction decomposition reaction of the electrolyte solution on the negative electrode can be suppressed. Accordingly, when the phosphorus-based compound of Formula 1 is used together with LiPF 6 as a lithium salt, it may exhibit an improved effect in terms of room temperature and low temperature cycle characteristics, and low temperature capacity characteristics.
- LiPF 6 lithium hexafluorophosphate
- the lithium salt may be included in a concentration of 0.6 mol / l to 2 mol / l in the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- concentration of the lithium salt is less than 0.6 mol / l, the conductivity of the non-aqueous electrolyte may be lowered because the conductivity of the non-aqueous electrolyte is lowered.
- concentration of the lithium salt is higher than 2 mol / l, the viscosity of the non-aqueous electrolyte may increase, leading to a decrease in mobility of lithium ions. have.
- the lithium salt may be more specifically included in the concentration of 0.7 mol / l to 1.6 mol / l in the electrolyte.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte according to an embodiment of the present invention may optionally further include additives included in the nonaqueous electrolyte for the purpose of improving the life characteristics of the battery, reducing battery capacity, and improving the discharge capacity of the battery. have.
- the additive is pyridine, triethylphosphite, triethanolamine, cyclic ether, ethylene diamine, n-glyme, hexaphosphate triamide, nitrobenzene derivative, sulfur, quinone imine dye, N-substituted oxazoli Dinon, N, N-substituted imidazolidine, ethylene glycol dialkyl ether, ammonium salt, pyrrole, 2-methoxy ethanol or aluminum trichloride, and the like, any one or a mixture of two or more of which may be used.
- the additive may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 1% by weight based on the total weight of the nonaqueous electrolyte.
- a lithium secondary battery including the nonaqueous electrolyte is provided.
- the lithium secondary battery includes a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a separator and the nonaqueous electrolyte.
- the lithium secondary battery may be manufactured according to a conventional method known in the art, and may be prepared by inserting a porous separator between a negative electrode and a positive electrode and then introducing a nonaqueous electrolyte according to the present invention.
- the negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector, and a negative electrode active material layer positioned on the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode active material layer may include a negative electrode active material, and may further include a conductive material and a binder.
- a compound capable of reversible intercalation and deintercalation of lithium may be used as the negative electrode active material.
- a carbon material, a metal compound or a mixture thereof can be used.
- the carbonaceous material both low crystalline carbon and high crystalline carbon may be used.
- the low crystalline carbon soft carbon and hard carbon are representative
- the high crystalline carbon is natural graphite, Kish graphite, pyrolytic carbon, liquid crystal pitch-based carbon.
- High-temperature calcined carbon such as mesophase pitch based carbon fiber, meso-carbon microbeads, mesophase pitches and petroleum or coal tar pitch derived cokes are typical. Any one commonly used in battery carbon materials can be used without limitation.
- the metal compound is made of Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, P, Sb, Bi, Al, Ga, In, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, Mg, Sr and Ba, etc. It may be a compound containing any one or two or more metal elements selected from the group. These metal compounds can be used in any form, such as single, alloys, oxides (TiO 2 , SnO 2, etc.), nitrides, sulfides, borides, and alloys with lithium. Can be. Among them, one or more elements selected from Si, Ge, and Sn may be contained, and one or more elements selected from Si and Sn may further increase the capacity of the battery.
- the negative electrode active material may include lithium titanium oxide (LTO).
- the lithium titanium oxide may be Li 0.8 Ti 2.2 O 4 , Li 2.67 Ti 1.33 O 4 , LiTi 2 O 4 , Li 1.33 Ti 1.67 O 4, or Li 1.14 Ti 1.71 O 4 , and any one or two or more thereof. Mixtures can be used.
- the resistance of the SEI formed on the electrode surface may be reduced as described above.
- the conductive material is used to impart conductivity to the negative electrode, and may be used without particular limitation as long as it has electronic conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery.
- Specific examples include carbon-based materials such as natural graphite, artificial graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, summer black or carbon fiber; Metal powder or metal fibers such as copper, nickel, aluminum or silver; Needle or branched conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide whiskers and calcium carbonate whiskers; Conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; Or conductive polymers such as polyphenylene derivatives, and any one or a mixture of two or more thereof may be used.
- the conductive material may be included in an amount of 1 to 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode active material.
- the binder serves to improve adhesion between the negative electrode active material particles and adhesion between the negative electrode active material and the current collector, and can be used without particular limitation as long as it is used in a composition for forming a negative electrode.
- the binder may be polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene, or polyhexafluoropropylene or vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF).
- fluorine-based polymers such as -co-HFP
- Polyalkylene-based polymers such as polyethylene or polypropylene
- Poly (meth) acrylate-based polymers such as polymethylmethacrylate or polyacrylate
- Polyacrylonitrile Cellulose polymers such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC);
- various rubbers such as styrene butadiene rubber or fluorine rubber, and any one or a mixture of two or more thereof may be used.
- the binder may be a fluorine-based polymer containing a functional group capable of hydrogen bonding with a hydroxyl group on the surface of the negative electrode active material, such as a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, a glycidyl group, and the like in a molecule thereof.
- the functional groups included in the binder may form a hydrogen bond with a hydroxyl group present on the surface of the current collector or the surface of the negative electrode active material to improve adhesion.
- the binder may be included in an amount of 1 to 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode active material.
- the positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer positioned on the positive electrode current collector.
- the cathode active material layer may include a cathode active material, and may further include a conductive material and a binder.
- the conductive material and the binder may be the same as those described above for the negative electrode.
- the current collector used for the negative electrode and the positive electrode is a metal with high conductivity, a metal that can easily adhere to the composition for forming the active material layer in the negative electrode and the positive electrode can be used without limitation as long as it is not reactive in the voltage range of the battery Can be.
- the positive electrode current collector may be a foil made of aluminum, nickel, or a combination thereof
- the negative electrode current collector may be a foil made of copper, gold, nickel, or a copper alloy, or a combination thereof.
- the current collector may be used by stacking two or more substrates made of the materials.
- the negative electrode and the positive electrode are prepared by mixing and dispersing each active material with a conductive material and a binder in a solvent to prepare an electrode mixture, and then applying, drying, and rolling the electrode mixture on at least one surface of a current collector. Can be.
- a heat treatment under vacuum at about 50 to 250 ° C. for about 2 hours may be further performed.
- the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer manufactured by the manufacturing method as described above may be 30 to 120 ⁇ m, or 50 to 100 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer is 1 to 100 ⁇ m, or 3 to 3 70 ⁇ m.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode satisfy this thickness range, the amount of active material in each electrode active material layer is sufficiently secured, thereby preventing the battery capacity from decreasing, and the cycle characteristics and the rate characteristics can be improved.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode are separated by a separator.
- the separator is a porous polymer film commonly used in a lithium secondary battery separator, for example, an ethylene homopolymer, a propylene homopolymer, an ethylene / butene copolymer, Porous polymer films made of polyolefin-based polymers such as ethylene / hexene copolymers and ethylene / methacrylate copolymers may be used alone or in a stack thereof, or conventional porous nonwoven fabrics such as high melting point glass fibers, Nonwoven fabrics made of polyethylene terephthalate fibers and the like may be used, but are not limited thereto.
- the external shape of the lithium secondary battery of the present invention is not particularly limited, but may be round, square, pouch type, or coin type using a can.
- a circular battery may be used, more preferably the circular battery may have a CID.
- the lithium secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the phosphorus-based compound of Formula 1 as a non-aqueous electrolyte additive, with improved initial capacity and output characteristics at room temperature and low temperature, particularly at low temperature (-10 ⁇ 5 ° C.). Since stable life characteristics are exhibited, they are useful for portable devices such as mobile phones, notebook computers, digital cameras, and electric vehicle fields such as hybrid electric vehicles.
- a battery module including the lithium secondary battery as a unit cell and a battery pack including the same are provided.
- the battery module or battery pack may be a power tool, an electric vehicle (EV), a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), or a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). It can be used as a medium-to-large device power source such as an electric vehicle or a system for storing power.
- EV electric vehicle
- HEV hybrid electric vehicle
- PHEV plug-in hybrid electric vehicle
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- LTO Li 0.8 Ti 2.2 O 4
- SBR styrene butadiene rubber
- CMC Carboxymethyl cellulose
- Coin cells were prepared in a conventional manner using an electrode assembly prepared by interposing a polyethylene porous membrane between the prepared anode and cathode and the prepared nonaqueous electrolyte.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the phosphorus compound of Formula 2a was used instead of methacrylate phosphate.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the phosphorous compound of Formula 2c was used instead of methacrylate phosphate.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the phosphorus compound of Formula 2f was used instead of methacrylate phosphate.
- Example 1 A lithium secondary battery was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that methacrylate phosphate was not added in the preparation of the nonaqueous electrolyte.
- the battery performance of the batteries prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 was evaluated in the following manner. Each experiment was repeated three times and the results are shown as the average of three measurements, respectively.
- Example 1 the lithium secondary batteries prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were charged / discharged under the conditions of 0.3 C charge and 0.3 C discharge at room temperature (23 ° C.), and the initial capacity of the battery was measured. It was. The results are shown in FIG.
- the battery of Example 1 comprising a non-aqueous electrolyte containing methacrylic acid phosphate exhibited an initial capacity of 540 mAh or more, in the cell of Comparative Example 1 in which the electrolyte solution does not contain methacrylic acid phosphate Compared to the initial capacity of (535 ⁇ 537mAh) showed about 0.9% more improved results.
- Example 1 containing a non-aqueous electrolyte containing methacrylic acid phosphate has a resistance value of about 11% lower than that of Comparative Example 1, resulting in improved output characteristics It became. Specifically, the output of the battery manufactured in Example 1 was 11% more improved than in Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing discharge power of batteries manufactured in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
- the battery of Example 1 comprising a non-aqueous electrolyte containing methacrylic acid phosphate is higher output than the battery prepared in Comparative Example 1, specifically about 25% even at a low temperature of -10 °C It showed an improved output, and the resistance characteristic was also improved by about 20%.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing a potential change per hour, that is, an output amount when the resistance of the batteries manufactured in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 is reduced. As can be seen in Figure 6, it can be seen that the battery produced in Example 1 has a higher output per hour when the resistance is reduced than the battery prepared in Comparative Example 1. It can be seen that the battery manufactured in Example 1 further improved the output 0.7% even at low temperature (-10 ° C).
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Cell Separators (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (22)
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 X1 및 X2는 각각 독립적으로 수소원자 또는 탄소수 1 내지 4의 알킬기이고, 그리고상기 R은 탄소수 1 내지 6의 알킬기 또는 히드록시기인 것인 비수 전해액.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 X1 및 X2는 각각 독립적으로 수소원자 또는 탄소수 1 내지 4의 알킬기이고,상기 R은 히드록시기이며,m은 0 내지 1의 정수이고, 그리고n은 1 또는 2의 정수인 것인 비수 전해액.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 인계 화합물은 상기 비수 전해액 총 중량에 대하여 0.05 내지 5.0 중량%로 포함되는 것인 비수 전해액.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 유기용매는 카보네이트계 용매, 에스테르계 용매, 에테르계 용매, 케톤계 용매 및 방향족 탄화수소계 용매로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 것인 비수 전해액.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 유기용매는 환형 카보네이트계 용매 및 에스테르계 용매가 5:5 내지 2:8의 부피비로 혼합된 혼합물을 포함하는 것인 비수 전해액.
- 제6항에 있어서,상기 환형 카보네이트계 용매는 에틸렌 카보네이트, 프로필렌 카보네이트, 1,2-부틸렌 카보네이트, 2,3-부틸렌 카보네이트, 1,2-펜틸렌 카보네이트, 2,3-펜틸렌 카보네이트, 비닐렌 카보네이트, 비닐에틸렌 카보네이트 및 플루오로에틸렌 카보네이트로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 것인 비수 전해액.
- 제6항에 있어서,상기 에스테르계 용매는 디메틸설퍼옥사이드, 아세토니트릴, 디메톡시에탄, 디에톡시에탄, 설포란, 감마-부티로락톤, 프로필렌 설파이드, 테트라하이드로푸란, 메틸 아세테이트, 에틸 아세테이트, 메틸 프로피오네이트, 에틸 프로피오네이트, 프로필 프로피오네이트, 메틸 부티레이트, 및 에틸 부티레이트로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 것인 비수 전해액.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 리튬염은 리튬클로라이드(LiCl), 리튬브로마이드(LiBr), 리튬아이오딘(LiI), 리튬 퍼클로레이트(LiClO4), 리튬 테트라플루오로보레이트(LiBF4), 리튬 헥사플루오로포스페이트(LiPF6), 리튬 헥사플루오로아르세네이트(LiAsF6), 리튬 헥사플루오로안티모네이트(LiSbF6), 리튬 테트라클로로알루미네이트(LiAlCl4), 리튬메탄설포네이트(CH3SO3Li), 리튬 트리플루오로메탄설포네이트(CF3SO3Li), 리튬 비스(트리플루오로메틸) 술폰이미드(LiN(SO2CF3)2), 리튬 비스(퍼플루오로에틸술포닐) 이미드(LiN(SO2C2F5)2), 클로로보란리튬, 지방족 카르본산리튬 및 테트라페닐붕산리튬으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 것인 비수 전해액.
- 음극; 양극; 분리막; 및 제1항 내지 제9항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 비수 전해액을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 음극은 탄소재, 금속 화합물 및 이들의 혼합물로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 음극활물질을 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차전지.
- 제11항에 있어서,상기 탄소재는 연화탄소, 경화탄소, 천연 흑연, 키시 흑연, 열분해 탄소, 액정 피치계 탄소섬유, 탄소 미소구체, 액정피치 및 석유와 석탄계 코크스로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차전지.
- 제11항에 있어서,상기 금속 화합물은 Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, P, Sb, Bi, Al, Ga, In, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, Mg, Sr, 및 Ba으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 금속 원소를 함유하는 화합물 또는 이들의 혼합물인 것인 리튬 이차전지.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 음극은 리튬 티타늄 산화물계 음극활물질을 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차전지.
- 제14항에 있어서,상기 리튬 티타늄 산화물계 음극활물질은 Li0.8Ti2.2O4, Li2.67Ti1.33O4, LiTi2O4, Li1.33Ti1.67O4 및 Li1.14Ti1.71O4로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 혼합물을을 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차전지.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 양극은 리튬 함유 전이금속 산화물을 포함하는 양극 활물질층을 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차전지.
- 제16항에 있어서,상기 리튬 함유 전이금속 산화물은, LixCoO2(0.5<x<1.3), LixNiO2(0.5<x<1.3), LixMnO2(0.5<x<1.3), LixMn2O4(0.5<x<1.3), Lix(NiaCobMnc)O2(0.5<x<1.3, 0<a<1, 0<b<1, 0<c<1, a+b+c=1), LixNi1-yCoyO2(0.5<x<1.3, 0<y<1), LixCo1-yMnyO2(0.5<x<1.3, 0≤y<1), LixNi1-yMnyO2(0.5<x<1.3, O≤y<1), Lix(NiaCobMnc)O4(0.5<x<1.3, 0<a<2, 0<b<2, 0<c<2, a+b+c=2), LixMn2-zNizO4(0.5<x<1.3, 0<z<2), LixMn2-zCozO4(0.5<x<1.3, 0<z<2), LixCoPO4(0.5<x<1.3) 및 LixFePO4(0.5<x<1.3)로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차전지.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 분리막은 에틸렌 단독중합체, 프로필렌 단독중합체, 에틸렌/부텐 공중합체, 에틸렌/헥센 공중합체, 에틸렌/메타크릴레이트 공중합체 및 다공성 부직포로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 이들의 2층 이상의 적층체인 것인 리튬 이차전지.
- 제10항에 따른 리튬 이차전지를 단위셀로 포함하는 전지모듈.
- 제19항에 따른 전지모듈을 포함하는 전지팩.
- 제20항에 있어서,중대형 디바이스의 전원으로 사용되는 것인 전지팩.
- 제21항에 있어서,상기 중대형 디바이스가 전기자동차, 하이브리드 전기자동차, 플러그-인 하이브리드 전기자동차 및 전력 저장용 시스템으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 것인 전지팩.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/767,033 US9397367B2 (en) | 2014-06-13 | 2015-05-08 | Non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium secondary battery comprising the same |
JP2016527961A JP6028957B2 (ja) | 2014-06-13 | 2015-05-08 | 非水電解液及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池 |
EP15741468.1A EP2983234B1 (en) | 2014-06-13 | 2015-05-08 | Non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium secondary battery comprising same |
CN201580000321.4A CN105453327B (zh) | 2014-06-13 | 2015-05-08 | 非水电解液和包含其的锂二次电池 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR10-2014-0071891 | 2014-06-13 | ||
KR20140071891 | 2014-06-13 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2015190705A1 true WO2015190705A1 (ko) | 2015-12-17 |
Family
ID=54833758
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/KR2015/004613 WO2015190705A1 (ko) | 2014-06-13 | 2015-05-08 | 비수 전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9397367B2 (ko) |
EP (1) | EP2983234B1 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP6028957B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR101630127B1 (ko) |
CN (1) | CN105453327B (ko) |
TW (1) | TWI565121B (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2015190705A1 (ko) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20180248227A1 (en) * | 2016-02-03 | 2018-08-30 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Electrolyte for lithium-sulfur battery and lithium-sulfur battery comprising same |
US20180316068A1 (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2018-11-01 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Electrolyte for lithium-sulfur battery and lithium-sulfur battery comprising same |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107851841B (zh) * | 2015-07-30 | 2020-12-11 | 富士胶片株式会社 | 固体电解质组合物、全固态二次电池及其电极片以及全固态二次电池及其电极片的制造方法 |
CN106374141A (zh) * | 2016-09-04 | 2017-02-01 | 复旦大学 | 一种基于酮基溶剂的低温电解液 |
CN106169611A (zh) * | 2016-09-17 | 2016-11-30 | 复旦大学 | 一种以乙酸乙酯为溶剂的低温电解液 |
CN106876778B (zh) * | 2017-02-21 | 2019-04-02 | 张家港金盛莲能源科技有限公司 | 一种锂离子二次电池 |
KR102457427B1 (ko) | 2017-03-17 | 2022-10-24 | 아사히 가세이 가부시키가이샤 | 비수계 전해액, 비수계 이차 전지, 셀 팩, 및 하이브리드 시스템 |
WO2018169028A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-17 | 2018-09-20 | 旭化成株式会社 | 非水系電解液、非水系二次電池、セルパック、及び、ハイブリッドシステム |
KR102140127B1 (ko) * | 2017-04-25 | 2020-07-31 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 리튬 이차전지용 음극, 이의 제조방법 및 이것을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
JP7122858B2 (ja) * | 2017-05-24 | 2022-08-22 | 昭和電工株式会社 | 水系バインダー樹脂組成物、非水系電池用スラリー、非水系電池電極、非水系電池セパレータ、及び非水系電池 |
PL3648233T3 (pl) * | 2018-02-12 | 2024-06-10 | Lg Energy Solution, Ltd. | Niewodny roztwór elektrolitu dla litowej baterii akumulatorowej i zawierająca go litowa bateria akumulatorowa |
CN112074983B (zh) * | 2018-05-29 | 2024-06-04 | 株式会社村田制作所 | 锂离子二次电池用电解液以及锂离子二次电池 |
GB201916352D0 (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2019-12-25 | Mexichem Fluor Sa De Cv | Composition |
WO2022059634A1 (ja) * | 2020-09-17 | 2022-03-24 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 二次電池 |
KR20230069427A (ko) * | 2021-11-12 | 2023-05-19 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 고온 안전성이 향상된 리튬 이차전지 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20040006429A (ko) * | 2002-07-12 | 2004-01-24 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬-설퍼 전지용 전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬-설퍼 전지 |
KR20040099606A (ko) * | 2003-05-19 | 2004-12-02 | 주식회사 코캄엔지니어링 | 리튬 2차 전지의 겔화 전해질 조성물 및 이를 이용하여제조된 리튬 2차 전지와 그 제조방법 |
KR20050113990A (ko) * | 2004-05-31 | 2005-12-05 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬이온 이차전지용 전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬이온이차전지 |
JP2009224258A (ja) * | 2008-03-18 | 2009-10-01 | Sony Corp | 電解液および二次電池 |
US20130034759A1 (en) * | 2011-08-05 | 2013-02-07 | Sony Corporation | Nonaqueous electrolytic solution, nonaqueous electrolytic secondary battery, battery pack, electronic device, electric vehicle, power storage device, and power system |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6919141B2 (en) * | 1998-10-22 | 2005-07-19 | Wilson Greatbatch Technologies, Inc. | Phosphate additives for nonaqueous electrolyte rechargeable electrochemical cells |
KR100463189B1 (ko) * | 2002-07-15 | 2004-12-23 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지 및 그 제조방법 |
CN101079504B (zh) * | 2007-05-10 | 2010-05-26 | 武汉大学 | 一种高效低毒阻燃的锂电池电解液及其锂电池 |
US8604942B2 (en) | 2011-11-08 | 2013-12-10 | Honeywell International Inc. | System and method for displaying a velocity rate-of-change indicator |
KR101675610B1 (ko) | 2012-03-13 | 2016-11-11 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차전지 |
-
2015
- 2015-05-08 JP JP2016527961A patent/JP6028957B2/ja active Active
- 2015-05-08 CN CN201580000321.4A patent/CN105453327B/zh active Active
- 2015-05-08 TW TW104114863A patent/TWI565121B/zh active
- 2015-05-08 EP EP15741468.1A patent/EP2983234B1/en active Active
- 2015-05-08 US US14/767,033 patent/US9397367B2/en active Active
- 2015-05-08 KR KR1020150064683A patent/KR101630127B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2015-05-08 WO PCT/KR2015/004613 patent/WO2015190705A1/ko active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20040006429A (ko) * | 2002-07-12 | 2004-01-24 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬-설퍼 전지용 전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬-설퍼 전지 |
KR20040099606A (ko) * | 2003-05-19 | 2004-12-02 | 주식회사 코캄엔지니어링 | 리튬 2차 전지의 겔화 전해질 조성물 및 이를 이용하여제조된 리튬 2차 전지와 그 제조방법 |
KR20050113990A (ko) * | 2004-05-31 | 2005-12-05 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬이온 이차전지용 전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬이온이차전지 |
JP2009224258A (ja) * | 2008-03-18 | 2009-10-01 | Sony Corp | 電解液および二次電池 |
US20130034759A1 (en) * | 2011-08-05 | 2013-02-07 | Sony Corporation | Nonaqueous electrolytic solution, nonaqueous electrolytic secondary battery, battery pack, electronic device, electric vehicle, power storage device, and power system |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP2983234A4 * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20180248227A1 (en) * | 2016-02-03 | 2018-08-30 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Electrolyte for lithium-sulfur battery and lithium-sulfur battery comprising same |
US10770754B2 (en) * | 2016-02-03 | 2020-09-08 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Electrolyte for lithium-sulfur battery and lithium-sulfur battery comprising same |
US20180316068A1 (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2018-11-01 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Electrolyte for lithium-sulfur battery and lithium-sulfur battery comprising same |
US10804576B2 (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2020-10-13 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Electrolyte for lithium-sulfur battery and lithium-sulfur battery comprising same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2983234A4 (en) | 2016-05-25 |
KR20150143295A (ko) | 2015-12-23 |
KR101630127B1 (ko) | 2016-06-13 |
CN105453327B (zh) | 2017-10-20 |
US20160172707A1 (en) | 2016-06-16 |
TW201618366A (zh) | 2016-05-16 |
JP2016531388A (ja) | 2016-10-06 |
CN105453327A (zh) | 2016-03-30 |
JP6028957B2 (ja) | 2016-11-24 |
TWI565121B (zh) | 2017-01-01 |
EP2983234B1 (en) | 2016-10-26 |
US9397367B2 (en) | 2016-07-19 |
EP2983234A1 (en) | 2016-02-10 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2015190705A1 (ko) | 비수 전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 | |
WO2019103460A1 (ko) | 이차전지용 양극재 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 | |
WO2016159702A1 (ko) | 비수 전해액 및 이를 구비한 리튬 이차전지 | |
WO2016089099A1 (ko) | 저온 성능이 향상된 리튬 이차전지용 전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 | |
WO2015065102A1 (ko) | 리튬 이차전지 | |
WO2009116740A2 (en) | Non-aqueous electrolyte solution for lithium secondary battery and lithium secondary battery comprising the same | |
WO2010058993A2 (ko) | 전지특성이 향상된 리튬 이차전지 | |
WO2014193148A1 (ko) | 비수성 전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 | |
WO2014185750A1 (ko) | 비수성 전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 | |
WO2014204185A1 (ko) | 수명 특성이 향상된 리튬 이차전지 | |
WO2019098541A1 (ko) | 이차전지용 양극 활물질, 그 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 | |
WO2020085823A1 (ko) | 리튬 이차전지용 음극의 제조방법 | |
WO2019013511A2 (ko) | 리튬 이차전지용 양극, 그 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 | |
WO2017217646A1 (ko) | 수명 특성이 향상된 전지시스템 및 전지시스템의 가동 방법 | |
WO2019017643A9 (ko) | 리튬 이차전지용 양극, 그 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 | |
WO2016209014A1 (ko) | 리튬 이차전지의 제조방법 및 이를 사용하여 제조되는 리튬 이차전지 | |
WO2016052996A1 (ko) | 비수 전해액 리튬 이차전지 | |
WO2020071814A1 (ko) | 실리콘계 화합물을 포함하는 다층 구조 음극 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 | |
WO2013137596A1 (ko) | 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액 및 그를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 | |
WO2019177403A1 (ko) | 리튬 이차전지용 음극활물질, 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지용 음극 | |
WO2016053040A1 (ko) | 리튬 이차 전지용 전해액 첨가제, 상기 전해액 첨가제를 포함하는 비수성 전해액 및 리튬 이차 전지 | |
WO2019078506A2 (ko) | 리튬 이차전지용 양극 활물질의 제조방법, 이에 의해 제조된 양극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지용 양극 및 리튬 이차전지 | |
WO2014116084A1 (ko) | 고전압 리튬 이차 전지 | |
WO2021025464A1 (ko) | 이차전지용 양극 활물질의 제조방법 | |
WO2017030416A1 (ko) | 리튬 이차전지용 전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 201580000321.4 Country of ref document: CN |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2016527961 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
REEP | Request for entry into the european phase |
Ref document number: 2015741468 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2015741468 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 14767033 Country of ref document: US |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 15741468 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |