WO2015172540A1 - 挤出式金属流3d打印机 - Google Patents

挤出式金属流3d打印机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015172540A1
WO2015172540A1 PCT/CN2014/090983 CN2014090983W WO2015172540A1 WO 2015172540 A1 WO2015172540 A1 WO 2015172540A1 CN 2014090983 W CN2014090983 W CN 2014090983W WO 2015172540 A1 WO2015172540 A1 WO 2015172540A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tungsten steel
steel nozzle
hole
ceramic tube
wire
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2014/090983
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
冯坚
Original Assignee
东莞市亚美精密机械配件有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 东莞市亚美精密机械配件有限公司 filed Critical 东莞市亚美精密机械配件有限公司
Priority to US15/128,989 priority Critical patent/US11014156B2/en
Publication of WO2015172540A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015172540A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/10—Auxiliary heating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/30—Platforms or substrates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/30—Platforms or substrates
    • B22F12/33—Platforms or substrates translatory in the deposition plane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/53—Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/70—Gas flow means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/10—Formation of a green body
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
    • B23K15/0046—Welding
    • B23K15/0086—Welding welding for purposes other than joining, e.g. built-up welding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the utility model relates to the technical field of 3D printers, in particular to a simple structure, low cost, and can locally preheat and melt the metal layer printed by metal wire or to strengthen the bonding force between the metal layers, so as to greatly improve printing.
  • a 3D printer a machine for rapid prototyping technology, is a technique for constructing an object by layer-by-layer printing using a bondable material such as powdered metal or plastic based on a digital model file.
  • a bondable material such as powdered metal or plastic based on a digital model file.
  • the design process of 3D printing is: firstly, software modeling is performed by computer, and then the built 3D model is “analyzed” into a layer-by-layer cross section, ie, a cut surface, thereby guiding the printer to print layer by layer, and stacking the thin layers until a solid state
  • the object is shaped.
  • the biggest difference between a versatile 3D printer and a traditional printer is that the "ink” it uses is a real raw material.
  • the raw material is generally a hot melt adhesive line, the end of the hot melt adhesive line is inserted into the hot melt printer head of the 3D printer, and the hot melt printer head is melted by electric heating to melt the hot melt adhesive line.
  • the glue flows out from the lower end of the hot melt printer head, prints layer by layer, and stacks the thin layers to achieve solid three-dimensional object formation.
  • the current 3D printers are commonly used in molded plastic models, and the 3D printers used to form metal models are few, and the metal models formed by the 3D printers for forming metal models are not ideal for accuracy and surface finish, and the entire structure is very Complex and costly.
  • the purpose of the utility model is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a simple structure, low cost, and An extruded metal flow 3D printer that performs partial preheating or melting of a metal layer printed on a metal wire or is used to strengthen the bonding force between the metal layers to greatly improve the printing effect and the molding effect.
  • the extruded metal flow 3D printer includes: a frame on which a table movable in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction is mounted; a machine head movable in the Z-axis direction; a printing device comprising: a print head mounted in the handpiece through a connector, a high-frequency coil for heating the print head, and a high-frequency electric induction heating device,
  • the print head comprises: a tungsten steel nozzle, a ceramic tube set disposed inside the tungsten steel nozzle, a high temperature resistant ceramic protective sleeve nested on the outer surface of the tungsten steel nozzle, and a stainless steel end cover covering the upper end of the tungsten steel nozzle
  • the tungsten steel nozzle has an extrusion hole; a feeding device for conveying the metal wire to the printing device, the feeding device is mounted on the frame; and the lower end surface of the machine head is mounted with at least one pair of metal wire
  • the laser is a fiber-coupled laser, and the number of the fiber-coupled lasers is two, which are respectively disposed on two sides of the print head, wherein the intersection of the laser-emitting beams is directly under the print head.
  • the feeding device includes: a wire disc for placing a metal wire coil disposed above the frame, and a first servo motor for driving the wire wheel to rotate, and the first servo motor disposed in the machine head
  • the second servo motor and the wire holder disposed at the front end of the second servo motor, wherein the wire holder is provided with a pressure roller and an active wire feed wheel, and the active wire feed wheel and the pressure roller cooperate to convey the metal wire.
  • the middle portion of the wire holder has a hole position, and one side of the wire holder is provided with an elastic seat with adjustable displacement; the pressure roller is installed in the elastic mounting seat, and An outer edge is exposed in the hole position; the active wire feed wheel is mounted on a rotating shaft of the second servo motor, and the active wire feed wheel is exposed in the hole position, and Forming a gap for clamping the metal wire with the pressure roller; the upper end and the lower end of the wire holder are respectively provided with through holes, and corresponding to the gap; the hole and the metal wire in the print head The through hole corresponds; the outer surface of the pressure roller is formed with an annular groove for clamping the metal wire.
  • the inert gas supply device includes: a gas storage tank installed on an outer side of the rack, a regulating valve, and an air guiding tube, the air guiding tube extending into the machine head and disposed in the printing head a cooling hole for ejecting an inert gas; the front end of the connecting seat is provided with a card position for mounting with the print head, and a rear end of the connecting seat is provided with an air guiding hole connecting the card position, the air guiding hole Connected to the air tube.
  • the upper end of the tungsten steel nozzle is provided with an annular mounting position, the lower end is formed with an annular flange, and the lower end of the annular flange is formed with a tapered end, the tapered end There is the extrusion hole described, and the pore diameter of the extrusion hole is smaller than the diameter of the metal wire.
  • the ceramic tube set includes: an inner ceramic tube and an outer ceramic tube which are nested and assembled in each other and installed in a receiving position provided in a cavity of the tungsten steel nozzle, wherein the inner ceramic tube The upper end surface is flush with the upper end surface of the outer ceramic tube, the lower end of the inner ceramic tube protrudes outside the lower end surface of the outer ceramic tube, and is in contact with the extrusion hole of the tungsten steel nozzle; the inner ceramic tube outer wall and the outer ceramic tube A first gap is formed between the walls; a second gap is formed between the outer wall of the outer ceramic tube and the inner wall of the tungsten steel nozzle; and the stainless steel end cover is provided with an inlet hole corresponding to the inner ceramic tube.
  • the high temperature resistant ceramic protective sleeve is nested on the outer surface of the tungsten steel nozzle and abuts against the annular flange at the lower end of the tungsten steel nozzle; wherein the high temperature resistant ceramic protective sleeve and the tungsten A plurality of passages for gas flow are formed between the outer walls of the steel nozzles, and a plurality of gas ejection holes communicating with the passages and inclined at the lower end of the tungsten steel nozzle are disposed; the high temperature ceramic protection The lower end of the inner wall is provided with a escaping groove matched with the gas ejection hole.
  • the tungsten steel nozzle is formed under the annular mounting position with a plurality of first annular protrusions formed with a space therebetween, and the lower end of the tungsten steel nozzle is formed with a plurality of first annular rings
  • the corresponding part of the projection a ring-shaped protruding portion, the high-temperature ceramic protective sleeve is concentrically nested on the outer surface of the tungsten steel nozzle to form the passage;
  • the tungsten steel nozzle is opened downwardly under the annular mounting position to provide a plurality of air guiding a groove, the annular mounting position being in communication with the passage, wherein the first annular projection is located between adjacent two air guiding grooves.
  • the rack is further provided with a water cooling device, and a channel for the passage of cold water is formed in the copper tube of the high frequency coil, and the water cooling device is connected to the channel through the pipeline.
  • the utility model is provided with two lasers matched with the print head at the lower end of the machine head, which are respectively disposed on both sides of the print head, and the intersection point of the laser emitting beam is directly under the print head, and the laser can print on the metal wire.
  • the formed metal layer is locally preheated and melted or used to strengthen the bonding force between the metal layers, so that the printing effect and the model forming effect of the utility model can be improved, and the market competitiveness is enhanced.
  • the utility model has the advantages of simple structure and low manufacturing cost, and is favorable for improving market competitiveness.
  • the utility model is provided with a water cooling device, wherein the copper tube of the heating coil forms a passage for the cold water to flow, so that it has a high cooling effect itself, so as to improve the service life and printing effect of the utility model.
  • the utility model is provided with an inert gas supply device, so that the inert gas can be sprayed when the print head is in operation, so as to effectively prevent the metal fluid sprayed from the print head from being oxidized when forming a metal accumulation layer on the worktable, and can also be effective.
  • the metal fluid acts as a cooling mold, which can effectively improve the working quality of the utility model to produce a metal model product with excellent quality.
  • the open heating ring installed at the lower end of the tungsten steel nozzle only heats the lower end of the tungsten steel nozzle, in addition, since the ceramic tube group has a certain heat insulation effect, the metal wire passing through the ceramic tube group can be effectively prevented from being too It is heated and softened early, only the metal wire that penetrates the lower end of the inner ceramic tube will be heated to be semi-solid, which is beneficial to the metal wire during the transfer process, which can use the solid metal wire to melt the semi-solid metal fluid from the tungsten steel.
  • the extrusion hole at the lower end of the nozzle is extruded to form a continuous filament-like semi-solid metal fluid, so as to improve the printing (extrusion) effect of the print head.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of the utility model
  • Figure 2 is a partial enlarged view of a portion A of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of another perspective of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of the utility model after removing the outer cover and the inert gas supply device
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the assembly of the print head of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the assembly of the print head of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the assembly of the tungsten steel nozzle of the present invention.
  • an extruded metal flow 3D printer includes: a frame 1, a workbench mounted in the rack 1 in an assembly manner movable in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. 2.
  • a handpiece 3 mounted on the frame 1 in an assembly manner movable in the Z-axis direction, a printing device 4 mounted in the handpiece 3, mounted in the frame 1 and used to convey metal wires to the printing device 4.
  • the feeding device 5 is also provided with a cover 11 on the frame 1.
  • the printing device 4 includes a print head 42 mounted in the handpiece 3 through a connecting base 41, a high frequency coil 43 for heating the print head 42, and a high frequency electric induction heating device 44, the print head 42 including a tungsten steel nozzle 46, a ceramic tube set 47 disposed inside the tungsten steel nozzle 46, a high temperature resistant ceramic protective sleeve 48 nested on the outer surface of the tungsten steel nozzle 47, and a cap placed on the upper end of the tungsten steel nozzle 46.
  • a stainless steel end cap 49 having an extrusion aperture 464.
  • the upper end of the tungsten steel nozzle 46 is provided with an annular mounting position 461, the lower end is formed with an annular flange 462, and the lower end of the annular flange 462 is formed with a tapered end portion 463 having the Extrusion hole 464, and The diameter of the extrusion hole 464 is smaller than the diameter of the metal wire.
  • the ceramic tube set 47 includes an inner ceramic tube 471 and an outer ceramic tube 472 which are nested and fitted to each other and installed in a receiving space 460 provided in the inner cavity of the tungsten steel nozzle 46, wherein the upper end surface of the inner ceramic tube 471
  • the upper end surface of the outer ceramic tube 472 is flush with the lower end of the outer ceramic tube 472, and is outside the lower end surface of the outer ceramic tube 472, and is in contact with the extrusion hole 464 of the tungsten steel nozzle 46; the stainless steel end cover 49 is disposed There is an inlet hole 491 corresponding to the inner ceramic tube 471.
  • a first gap is formed between the outer wall of the inner ceramic tube 471 and the inner wall of the outer ceramic tube 472; a second gap is formed between the outer wall of the outer ceramic tube 472 and the inner wall of the receiving space 460 of the tungsten steel nozzle 46, so that the entire ceramic
  • the tube set 47 has a certain heat insulating effect, and can effectively prevent most of the metal wires passing through the ceramic tube group 47 from being heated to form a molten state, which is advantageous for the metal wire to utilize the solid state behind during the conveying process.
  • the metal wire is continuously conveyed downward, so that the molten semi-solid metal fluid is continuously extruded from the extrusion hole at the lower end of the tungsten steel nozzle to form a continuous filament-shaped semi-solid metal fluid, so as to improve the printing of the print head ( Extrusion) effect.
  • the high temperature resistant ceramic protective cover 48 is nested on the outer surface of the tungsten steel nozzle 46 and abuts against the annular flange 462 at the lower end of the tungsten steel nozzle 46; wherein the high temperature resistant ceramic protective cover 48 and the tungsten steel nozzle 46 A plurality of passages for gas flow are formed between the outer walls, and the annular flange 462 at the lower end of the tungsten steel nozzle 46 is provided with a plurality of gas discharge holes 465 which are connected to the passage and are inclined; the high temperature ceramic protection The lower end of the inner wall of the sleeve 48 is provided with a cutout 482 which cooperates with the gas ejection hole 465.
  • the inert gas supply device 6 includes: a gas storage tank 61 installed on the outer side of the frame 1, a regulating valve 62, and an air guiding tube, and the air guiding tube extends into the head 3 and is provided for spraying in the printing head 42.
  • the gas ejection holes 465 through which the inert gas is discharged are connected.
  • a front end of the connecting base 41 is provided with a card position 411 for mounting with the print head 42, and a stable assembly is formed by the card position 411 and the annular mounting position 461 in the tungsten steel nozzle 46.
  • An air guiding hole 412 is formed in the rear end of the connecting seat 41, and the air guiding hole 412 is communicated with the air guiding tube, so that the air guiding hole is electrically connected to the gas discharging hole 465 at the lower end of the tungsten steel nozzle 46 to make the gas
  • the ejection hole 465 is printed on the entire print head
  • the inert gas can be sprayed during the process to effectively prevent the semi-solid metal fluid extruded by the print head from being oxidized when the metal build-up layer is formed on the worktable, and can effectively cool the metal fluid, thereby effectively improving the present.
  • the quality of the entire 3D printer works to produce high quality metal model products.
  • the inert gas includes argon gas, helium gas, carbon dioxide or a mixed gas thereof.
  • the tungsten steel nozzle 46 is formed under the annular mounting position 461 with a plurality of first annular protrusions 467 formed with a space therebetween.
  • the lower end of the tungsten steel nozzle 46 is formed with a plurality of corresponding first annular protrusions 467.
  • the high temperature ceramic protective sleeve 48 is concentrically nested on the outer surface of the tungsten steel nozzle 46 to form the passage; the tungsten steel nozzle 46 is under the annular mounting position 461
  • a plurality of air guiding grooves 469 are opened in the direction to connect the annular mounting position 461 with the passage, wherein the first annular protruding portion 468 is located between the adjacent two air guiding grooves 469.
  • the accommodating position 460 of the inside of the tungsten steel nozzle 46 includes a first accommodating position 4601 for accommodating the outer ceramic tube 472 and a bottom portion of the first accommodating position 4601 which is opened downward from the upper end surface of the tungsten steel nozzle 46. And a second receiving position 4602 for accommodating the inner ceramic tube 471, wherein the second receiving position 4602 is in communication with the extrusion hole 464, and the first receiving position 4601 bottom and the second receiving position 4602 The bottom is conical.
  • the lower end of the handpiece 3 is provided with a temperature controller 7 for controlling the heating power of the high-frequency electric induction heating device 44.
  • the temperature controller 7 includes an infrared temperature measuring probe, and the infrared temperature measuring probe is aligned with the printing head. The lower end of 42.
  • the high frequency electric induction heating device 44 is controlled to increase the heating power to make the print head 42 work normally; when the temperature of the print head 42 detected by the infrared temperature probe is When the value is higher than the set value, the high frequency electric induction heating device 31 is controlled to lower the heating power to cause the print head 33 to operate normally.
  • the utility model adopts a high-frequency electric induction heating device 44 to mix the high-frequency coil 43 to heat the print head 42, and detects the temperature of the print head 42 through the infrared temperature measuring probe, so that the heating temperature can be effectively controlled to achieve temperature stability and energy saving.
  • the effect also has the advantages of high heating temperature, wide controllable range, low cost and simple structure.
  • the front end of the high frequency coil 43 has an open heating ring 431, and the lower end of the tungsten steel nozzle 46 is clamped by the open heating ring 431. Since the open heating ring 431 only heats the lower end of the tungsten steel nozzle 46, the wearer is worn.
  • the metal wire entering the lower end of the inner ceramic tube 471 is heated to be a semi-solid fluid, instead of prematurely softening the metal wire penetrating the inner ceramic tube 471, which is advantageous for the metal wire to be melted by the solid metal wire during the conveying process.
  • the semi-solid metal fluid is extruded from the extrusion orifice at the lower end of the tungsten steel nozzle to form a continuous filamentous semi-solid metal fluid to improve the printing (extrusion) effect of the printhead.
  • the lower end surface of the handpiece 3 is mounted with at least one laser 31 for locally preheating the metal layer printed by the metal wire or for reinforcing the bonding force between the metal layers, and the laser 31 is obliquely assembled, and The laser 31 emits a beam of light that is focused below the printhead 42.
  • the lower end of the machine head is provided with two lasers adapted to the print head, which are respectively disposed on both sides of the print head, and the intersection point of the laser emitting beams is directly under the print head, and the laser can be printed by the metal wire.
  • the metal layer is locally preheated and melted or used to strengthen the bonding force between the metal layers, so that the printing effect and the model forming effect of the utility model can be improved, and the market competitiveness is improved.
  • the above laser 31 is a fiber coupled laser.
  • the feeding device 5 includes: a wire disc 51 for placing a metal wire coil disposed above the frame 1 and a first servo motor 52 for driving the rotation of the wire disc 51, and a second servo motor disposed in the head 3 And a wire holder 54 disposed at the front end of the second servo motor 53.
  • the wire holder 54 is provided with a pressure roller 55 and an active wire pulley 531.
  • the active wire feed roller 531 and the pressure roller 55 cooperate to convey the metal wire.
  • the outer surface of the pressure roller 55 is formed with an annular groove for clamping the metal wire.
  • the wire holder 54 has a hole 541 in the middle thereof, and an elastic mounting seat 542 with an adjustable displacement is disposed on one side of the wire holder 541.
  • the pressing wheel 55 is mounted in the elastic mounting seat 542, and the outer edge thereof is exposed.
  • the active wire feed roller 531 is mounted on the rotating shaft of the second servo motor 53, the active wire feed roller 531 is exposed in the hole position 541, and is formed with the pressure roller 55 for clamping. Transmitting a gap of the metal wire; the wire holder 54
  • the upper end and the lower end are respectively provided with a through hole 541 and a through hole corresponding to the gap; the through hole corresponds to a hole in the print head 42 through which the metal wire passes.
  • the frame 1 is further provided with a water cooling device 7, in which a copper pipe of the high frequency coil 43 is formed with a flow path through which cold water passes, and the water cooling device 7 connects the flow path through a pipe.
  • the utility model adopts semi-solid casting (forming) technology, which is different from ordinary casting technology in that:
  • the primary crystal grows in a dendrite manner.
  • the dendrites form a continuous network skeleton, and the fluidity is formed by the solidified solid phase.
  • the structure is basically disappeared.
  • the solid phase in the slurry is suspended in the liquid phase matrix in the form of a nearly spherical non-dendritic structure, so that the melt has Good rheology and thixotropy, when the solid phase ratio reaches 40%-60%, it still has good fluidity, so that metal forming can be realized by conventional forming processes such as die casting, extrusion, die forging and the like.
  • the above metal flow refers to a continuous filament-like and semi-solid metal fluid extruded from an extrusion hole 464 in a tungsten steel nozzle 46.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)

Abstract

一种挤出式金属流3D打印机包括：机架（1）、打印装置（4）、送料装置（5）、激光器（31）、惰性气体供气装置（6）。所述机架（1）具有可沿X、Y轴方向移动的工作台（2）、可沿Z轴方向移动的机头（3）、输送金属线材的送料装置（5）。安装在机头（3）中的打印装置（4）包括：打印头（42）、高频线圈（43）及高频电感应加热装置（44）。所述打印头包括钨钢喷咀（46）、陶瓷管组（47）、耐高温陶瓷保护套（48）以及不锈钢端盖（49）。所述钨钢喷咀（46）具有一个挤出孔（464）。至少一个所述激光器（31）安装在机头（3）下端表面，所述激光器（31）用于对由金属线材打印成型的金属层进行局部预热熔融或用于加强金属层之间的结合力。惰性气体供气装置（6）安装在机架（1）上，其用于对打印头（3）提供惰性气体以至打印头（3）可喷出惰性气体。本发明结构简单、成本低，且能够对用金属线材打印成型的金属层进行局部预热熔融或用于加强金属层之间结合力，以至大大提高打印效果和模型成型效果。

Description

挤出式金属流3D打印机 技术领域：
本实用新型涉及3D打印机技术领域，特指一种结构简单、成本低，且能够对用金属线材打印成型的金属层进行局部预热熔融或用于加强金属层之间结合力，以至大大提高打印效果和模型成型效果的挤出式金属流3D打印机。
背景技术：
3D打印机，即快速成形技术的一种机器，它是一种以数字模型文件为基础，运用粉末状金属或塑料等可粘合材料，通过逐层打印的方式来构造物体的技术。过去其常在模具制造、工业设计等领域被用于制造模型，现正逐渐用于一些机械产品的直接制造，意味着这项技术正在普及。
3D打印的设计过程是：先通过计算机进行软件建模，再将建成的三维模型“剖析”成逐层的截面，即切面，从而指导打印机逐层打印，并将薄型层面堆叠起来，直到一个固态物体成型。多功能3D打印机与传统打印机最大的区别在于：它使用的“墨水”是实实在在的原材料。所述的原材料一般为热熔胶线，该热熔胶线的端部插入3D打印机的热熔打印机头中，而热熔打印机头通过通电加热而实现对热熔胶线进行熔融，经熔融的胶从热熔打印机头下端流出，逐层打印，并将薄型层面堆叠以实现固态三维物体成型。
目前的3D打印机普遍应用于成型塑胶模型，而应用于成型金属模型的3D打印机较少，且该成型金属模型用的3D打印机成型的金属模型在对精度及表面光洁度方面不理想，且整个结构非常复杂、成本较高。
有鉴于此，本发明人提出以下技术方案。
实用新型内容：
本实用新型的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种结构简单、成本低，且能够 对用金属线材打印成型的金属层进行局部预热熔融或用于加强金属层之间结合力，以至大大提高打印效果和模型成型效果的挤出式金属流3D打印机。
为了解决上述技术问题，本实用新型采用了下述技术方案：该挤出式金属流3D打印机包括：一机架，该机架上安装有一可沿X轴方向及Y轴方向移动的工作台以及可沿Z轴方向移动的机头；一打印装置，其包括：通过一连接座安装于机头中的打印头、用于对打印头进行加热的高频线圈以及高频电感应加热装置，该打印头包括：一钨钢喷咀、设置于钨钢喷咀内部的陶瓷管组、嵌套于钨钢喷咀外表面的耐高温陶瓷保护套以及套盖于钨钢喷咀上端的不锈钢端盖，该钨钢喷咀具有一挤出孔；一用于对打印装置输送金属线材的送料装置，该送料装置安装于机架上；所述机头下端表面安装有至少一个用于对由金属线材打印成型的金属层进行局部预热熔融或用于加强金属层之间结合力的激光器，该激光器呈倾斜装配，且激光器射出光束聚焦于打印头的下方；所述机架上还设置有一用于对打印头提供惰性气体，以至打印头可喷出惰性气体的惰性气体供气装置。
进一步而言，上述技术方案中，所述激光器为光纤耦合激光器，该光纤耦合激光器的数量为两个，其分别设置于打印头两侧，其中，该激光器射出光束相交点位于打印头正下方。
进一步而言，上述技术方案中，所述送料装置包括：设置于机架上方的用于放置金属线材卷的丝盘和用于驱动丝盘转动的第一伺服电机、设置于机头中的第二伺服电机以及设置于第二伺服电机前端的导线座，其中，导线座中设置有一压线轮及一主动送线轮，主动送线轮与压线轮配合传送金属线材。
进一步而言，上述技术方案中，所述导线座中部具有一孔位，该导线座一侧设置有一可调节位移的弹性安装座；所述的压线轮安装于该弹性安装座中，且其外沿显露于孔位中；所述主动送线轮安装于第二伺服电机的转轴上，该主动送线轮显露于孔位中，并 与压线轮之间形成有用于夹紧传送金属线材的间隙；所述导线座上端及下端分别设置有贯通孔位，且与该间隙对应的穿孔；该穿孔与所述打印头中供金属线材穿过的孔对应；所述压线轮外表面成型有用于夹紧金属线材的环形槽。
进一步而言，上述技术方案中，所述惰性气体供气装置包括：安装于机架外侧的贮气罐、调节阀以及导气管，该导气管伸入机头中，并与打印头中设置的用于喷出惰性气体的冷却孔连通；所述连接座前端设置有一用于与所述打印头安装的卡位，该连接座后端向前设置有连通该卡位的导气孔，该导气孔与导气管连通。
进一步而言，上述技术方案中，所述钨钢喷咀上端设置有一环状安装位，下端成型有一环状凸缘，且该环状凸缘下端成型有一锥形端部，该锥形端部具有所述的挤出孔，且该挤出孔的孔径小于金属线材的直径。
进一步而言，上述技术方案中，所述陶瓷管组包括：相互嵌套装配并安装于钨钢喷咀内腔中设置的容置位中的内陶瓷管和外陶瓷管，其中，内陶瓷管的上端面和外陶瓷管的上端面齐平，内陶瓷管的下端伸出外陶瓷管下端面外，并与所述钨钢喷咀的挤出孔对接；所述内陶瓷管外壁和外陶瓷管内壁之间形成有第一间隙；外陶瓷管外壁与钨钢喷咀中容置位的内壁之间形成有第二间隙；所述不锈钢端盖中设置有与内陶瓷管对应的进线孔。
进一步而言，上述技术方案中，所述耐高温陶瓷保护套嵌套于钨钢喷咀外表面，并与钨钢喷咀下端的环状凸缘抵靠；其中，耐高温陶瓷保护套与钨钢喷咀外壁之间形成有若干供气体流过的通道，钨钢喷咀下端环状凸缘处设置有若干与该通道连通的并呈倾斜状的气体喷出孔；所述耐高温陶瓷保护套内壁下端设置与气体喷出孔配合的避空槽。
进一步而言，上述技术方案中，所述钨钢喷咀于环状安装位下方成型有若干相互形成有间隔的第一环形凸出部，该钨钢喷咀下端成型有若干与该第一环形凸出部对应的第 二环形凸出部，令所述耐高温陶瓷保护套同心嵌套于钨钢喷咀外表面后形成所述的通道；所述钨钢喷咀于环状安装位下方向下开设有若干导气槽，令环状安装位与所述的通道连通，其中，所述第一环形凸出部位于相邻两导气槽之间。
进一步而言，上述技术方案中，所述机架上还设置有水冷装置，所述高频线圈的铜管中形成有供冷水通过的通道，水冷装置通过管道连接该通道。
采用上述技术方案后，本实用新型与现有技术相比较具有如下有益效果：
1、本实用新型于机头下端设置有两个与打印头适配的激光器，其分别设置于打印头两侧，且该激光器射出光束相交点位于打印头正下方，激光器能够对由金属线材打印成型的金属层进行局部预热熔融或用于加强金属层之间结合力，以至可提高本实用新型的打印效果和模型成型效果，有利于提高市场竞争力。
2、本实用新型结构简单、制造成本低，有利于提高市场竞争力。
3、本实用新型设置有水冷装置，其加热线圈的铜管形成有供冷水流过的通道，以至其本身具有较高的冷却作用，以提高本实用新型的使用寿命及打印效果。
4、本实用新型中设置有惰性气体供气装置，以至打印头工作时可喷出惰性气体，以有效防止打印头喷出的金属流体在工作台上形成金属堆积层时被氧化，还可以有效对金属流体起到冷却成型的作用，这样可有效提高本实用新型的工作质量，以制造出质量优良的金属模型产品。
5、由于钨钢喷咀下端安装的开放式加热圈只对钨钢喷咀下端加热，另外，由于陶瓷管组具有一定的隔热效果，可有效防止穿过陶瓷管组中的金属线材太过早被加热软化，只有穿入内陶瓷管下端的金属线材才会被加热呈半固态，这样有利于金属线材在传送过程中，能够利用固态的金属线材将熔融形成半固态的金属流体从钨钢喷咀下端的挤出孔挤出，形成一种连续丝状的半固态金属流体，以致提高打印头的打印(挤出)效果。
附图说明：
图1是本实用新型的立体图；
图2是图1中A部分的局部放大示意图；
图3是本实用新型另一视角的立体图；
图4是本实用新型拆除外罩及惰性气体供气装置后的立体图；
图5是本实用新型中打印头的装配示意图；
图6是图5的剖视图；
图7是本实用新型中打印头的装配示意图；
图8是本实用新型中钨钢喷咀的装配示意图；
具体实施方式：
下面结合具体实施例和附图对本实用新型进一步说明。
参见图1-8所示，为一种挤出式金属流3D打印机，其包括：一机架1、以可沿X轴方向及Y轴方向移动的装配方式安装于机架1中的工作台2、以可沿Z轴方向移动的装配方式安装于机架1上的机头3、安装于机头3中的打印装置4、安装于机架1中并用于对打印装置4传送金属线材的送料装置5，机架1上还设置有外罩11。
所述打印装置4包括：通过一连接座41安装于机头3中的打印头42、用于对打印头42进行加热的高频线圈43以及高频电感应加热装置44，该打印头42包括：一钨钢喷咀46、设置于钨钢喷咀46内部的陶瓷管组47、嵌套于钨钢喷咀47外表面的耐高温陶瓷保护套48以及套盖于钨钢喷咀46上端的不锈钢端盖49，该钨钢喷咀46具有一挤出孔464。
所述钨钢喷咀46上端设置有一环状安装位461，下端成型有一环状凸缘462，且该环状凸缘462下端成型有一锥形端部463，该锥形端部463具有所述的挤出孔464，且 该挤出孔464的孔径小于金属线材的直径。
所述陶瓷管组47包括：相互嵌套装配并安装于钨钢喷咀46内腔中设置的容置位460中的内陶瓷管471和外陶瓷管472，其中，内陶瓷管471的上端面和外陶瓷管472的上端面齐平，内陶瓷管471的下端伸出外陶瓷管472下端面外，并与所述钨钢喷咀46的挤出孔464对接；所述不锈钢端盖49中设置有与内陶瓷管471对应的进线孔491。
所述内陶瓷管471外壁和外陶瓷管472内壁之间形成有第一间隙；外陶瓷管472外壁与钨钢喷咀46中容置位460的内壁之间形成有第二间隙，令整个陶瓷管组47具有一定的隔热效果，可有效防止穿过陶瓷管组47中的金属线材大部分都不会被加热形成熔融状态，这样有利于金属线材在传送过程中，能够利用后面的固态的金属线材不断往下传送，以致不断地将熔融形成半固态的金属流体从钨钢喷咀下端的挤出孔挤出，形成一种连续丝状的半固态金属流体，以致提高打印头的打印(挤出)效果。
所述耐高温陶瓷保护套48嵌套于钨钢喷咀46外表面，并与钨钢喷咀46下端的环状凸缘462抵靠；其中，耐高温陶瓷保护套48与钨钢喷咀46外壁之间形成有若干供气体流过的通道，钨钢喷咀46下端环状凸缘462处设置有若干与该通道连通的并呈倾斜状的气体喷出孔465；所述耐高温陶瓷保护套48内壁下端设置与气体喷出孔465配合的避空槽482。
所述惰性气体供气装置6包括：安装于机架1外侧的贮气罐61、调节阀62以及导气管，该导气管伸入机头3中，并与打印头42中设置的用于喷出惰性气体的气体喷出孔465连通。具体而言，所述连接座41前端设置有一用于与所述打印头42安装的卡位411，并通过该卡位411与钨钢喷咀46中的环状安装位461形成稳定装配。该连接座41后端向前设置有连通该卡位411的导气孔412，该导气孔412与导气管连通，以致导气孔与钨钢喷咀46下端的气体喷出孔465导通，令气体喷出孔465在整个打印头打印 过程中能够喷出惰性气体，以有效防止打印头挤出的半固态金属流体在工作台上形成金属堆积层时被氧化，还可以有效对金属流体起到冷却成型的作用，这样可有效提高本整个3D打印机的工作质量，以制造出质量优良的金属模型产品。
所述的惰性气体包括氩气、氦气、二氧化碳或其混合气体等。
所述钨钢喷咀46于环状安装位461下方成型有若干相互形成有间隔的第一环形凸出部467，该钨钢喷咀46下端成型有若干与该第一环形凸出部467对应的第二环形凸出部468，令所述耐高温陶瓷保护套48同心嵌套于钨钢喷咀46外表面后形成所述的通道；所述钨钢喷咀46于环状安装位461下方向下开设有若干导气槽469，令环状安装位461与所述的通道连通，其中，所述第一环形凸出部468位于相邻两导气槽469之间。
所述钨钢喷咀46内部的容置位460包括：由钨钢喷咀46上端面向下开设的用于容置外陶瓷管472的第一容置位4601以及位于第一容置位4601底部并用于用于容置内陶瓷管471的第二容置位4602，其中，第二容置位4602与所述挤出孔464连通，且第一容置位4601底部和第二容置位4602底部均呈圆锥状。
所述机头3下端设置有一用于控制所述高频电感应加热装置44的加热功率的温度控制器7，该温度控制器7包括一红外线测温探头，该红外线测温探头对准打印头42的下端部。当红外线测温探头检测的打印头42温度值低于设定值时，控制高频电感应加热装置44提高加热功率，使打印头42正常工作；当红外线测温探头检测的打印头42温度值高于设定值时，控制高频电感应加热装置31降低加热功率，使打印头33正常工作。
本实用新型采用高频电感应加热装置44配合高频线圈43对打印头42进行加热，并通过红外线测温探头时刻检测打印头42的温度，以至可有效控制加热温度，以达到温度稳定、节能的效果，其还具有加热温度高，可控范围广、成本低，结构简单等优点。
所述高频线圈43前端具有一开放式加热圈431，并通过该开放式加热圈431夹紧钨钢喷咀46下端，由于开放式加热圈431只对钨钢喷咀46下端加热，使穿入内陶瓷管471下端的金属线材才会被加热呈半固态流体，而不是将穿入内陶瓷管471的金属线材过早软化，这样有利于金属线材在传送过程中，能够利用固态的金属线材将熔融形成半固态的金属流体从钨钢喷咀下端的挤出孔挤出，形成一种连续丝状的半固态金属流体，以致提高打印头的打印(挤出)效果。
所述的机头3下端表面安装有至少一个用于对由金属线材打印成型的金属层进行局部预热熔融或用于加强金属层之间结合力的激光器31，该激光器31呈倾斜装配，且激光器31射出光束聚焦于打印头42的下方。具体而言，机头下端设置有两个与打印头适配的激光器，其分别设置于打印头两侧，且该激光器射出光束相交点位于打印头正下方，激光器能够对由金属线材打印成型的金属层进行局部预热熔融或用于加强金属层之间结合力，以至可提高本实用新型的打印效果和模型成型效果，有利于提高市场竞争力。
上述激光器31为光纤耦合激光器。
所述送料装置5包括：设置于机架1上方的用于放置金属线材卷的丝盘51和用于驱动丝盘51转动的第一伺服电机52、设置于机头3中的第二伺服电机53以及设置于第二伺服电机53前端的导线座54，其中，导线座54中设置有一压线轮55及一主动送线轮531，主动送线轮531与压线轮55配合传送金属线材，其中，所述压线轮55外表面成型有用于夹紧金属线材的环形槽。
所述导线座54中部具有一孔位541，该导线座541一侧设置有一可调节位移的弹性安装座542；所述的压线轮55安装于该弹性安装座542中，且其外沿显露于孔位541中；所述主动送线轮531安装于第二伺服电机53的转轴上，该主动送线轮531显露于孔位541中，并与压线轮55之间形成有用于夹紧传送金属线材的间隙；所述导线座54 上端及下端分别设置有贯通孔位541，且与该间隙对应的穿孔；该穿孔与所述打印头42中供金属线材穿过的孔对应。
所述机架1上还设置有水冷装置7，所述高频线圈43的铜管中形成有供冷水通过的流道，水冷装置7通过管道连接该流道。
本实用新型采用半固态铸造(成型)技术，其与普通铸造技术的不同之处在于：
在普通铸造过程中，初晶以枝晶方式长大，当固相率达到到20％-30％时，枝晶就形成连续网络骨架，流动性就会由于先凝固的固相所形成的网架结构而基本消失。
在半固态铸造过程中，由于半固态金属浆料的浇注温度控制在固液两相区内，浆料中的固相以近球状的非枝晶组织形式悬浮在液相基体中，使熔体具有良好的流变性和触变性，当其固相率达到40％-60％时，依然具有良好的流动性，从而可利用常规的成形工艺如压铸、挤压、模锻等实现金属的成形。
上述的金属流是指一种从钨钢喷咀46中挤出孔464挤出的呈连续丝状的并呈半固态的金属流体。
当然，以上所述仅为本实用新型的具体实施例而已，并非来限制本实用新型实施范围，凡依本实用新型申请专利范围所述构造、特征及原理所做的等效变化或修饰，均应包括于本实用新型申请专利范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 挤出式金属流3D打印机，其特征在于：包括：
    一机架(1)，该机架(1)上安装有一可沿X轴方向及Y轴方向移动的工作台(2)以及可沿Z轴方向移动的机头(3)；
    一打印装置(4)，其包括：通过一连接座(41)安装于机头(3)中的打印头(42)、用于对打印头(42)进行加热的高频线圈(43)以及高频电感应加热装置(44)，该打印头(42)包括：一钨钢喷咀(46)、设置于钨钢喷咀(46)内部的陶瓷管组(47)、嵌套于钨钢喷咀(47)外表面的耐高温陶瓷保护套(48)以及套盖于钨钢喷咀(46)上端的不锈钢端盖(49)，该钨钢喷咀(46)具有一挤出孔(464)；
    一用于对打印装置(4)输送金属线材的送料装置(5)，该送料装置(5)安装于机架(1)上；
    所述机头(3)下端表面安装有至少一个用于对由金属线材打印成型的金属层进行局部预热熔融或用于加强金属层之间结合力的激光器(31)，该激光器(31)呈倾斜装配，且激光器(31)射出光束聚焦于打印头(42)的下方；所述机架(1)上还设置有一用于对打印头(42)提供惰性气体，以至打印头(42)可喷出惰性气体的惰性气体供气装置(6)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的挤出式金属流3D打印机，其特征在于：所述激光器(31)为光纤耦合激光器，该光纤耦合激光器的数量为两个，其分别设置于打印头(42)两侧，其中，该激光器(31)射出光束相交点位于打印头(42)正下方。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的挤出式金属流3D打印机，其特征在于：所述送料装置(5)包括：设置于机架(1)上方的用于放置金属线材卷的丝盘(51)和用于驱动丝盘(51)转动的第一伺服电机(52)、设置于机头(3)中的第二伺服电机(53)以及设置于第二伺服电机(53)前端的导线座(54)，其中，导线座(54)中设置有一压线轮(55)及 一主动送线轮(531)，主动送线轮(531)与压线轮(55)配合传送金属线材。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的挤出式金属流3D打印机，其特征在于：所述导线座(54)中部具有一孔位(541)，该导线座(541)一侧设置有一可调节位移的弹性安装座(542)；所述的压线轮(55)安装于该弹性安装座(542)中，且其外沿显露于孔位(541)中；所述主动送线轮(531)安装于第二伺服电机(53)的转轴上，该主动送线轮(531)显露于孔位(541)中，并与压线轮(55)之间形成有用于夹紧传送金属线材的间隙；所述导线座(54)上端及下端分别设置有贯通孔位(541)，且与该间隙对应的穿孔；该穿孔与所述打印头(42)中供金属线材穿过的孔对应；所述压线轮(55)外表面成型有用于夹紧金属线材的环形槽。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的挤出式金属流3D打印机，其特征在于：所述惰性气体供气装置(6)包括：安装于机架(1)外侧的贮气罐(61)、调节阀(62)以及导气管，该导气管伸入机头(3)中，并与打印头(42)中设置的用于喷出惰性气体的冷却孔连通；所述连接座(41)前端设置有一用于与所述打印头(42)安装的卡位(411)，该连接座(41)后端向前设置有连通该卡位(411)的导气孔(412)，该导气孔(412)与导气管连通。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的挤出式金属流3D打印机，其特征在于：所述钨钢喷咀(46)上端设置有一环状安装位(461)，下端成型有一环状凸缘(462)，且该环状凸缘(462)下端成型有一锥形端部(463)，该锥形端部(463)具有所述的挤出孔(464)，且该挤出孔(464)的孔径小于金属线材的直径。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的挤出式金属流3D打印机，其特征在于：所述陶瓷管组(47)包括：相互嵌套装配并安装于钨钢喷咀(46)内腔中设置的容置位(460)中的内陶瓷管(471)和外陶瓷管(472)，其中，内陶瓷管(471)的上端面和外陶瓷管(472)的 上端面齐平，内陶瓷管(471)的下端伸出外陶瓷管(472)下端面外，并与所述钨钢喷咀(46)的挤出孔(464)对接；所述内陶瓷管(471)外壁和外陶瓷管(472)内壁之间形成有第一间隙；外陶瓷管(472)外壁与钨钢喷咀(46)中容置位(460)的内壁之间形成有第二间隙；所述不锈钢端盖(49)中设置有与内陶瓷管(471)对应的进线孔(491)。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的挤出式金属流3D打印机，其特征在于：所述耐高温陶瓷保护套(48)嵌套于钨钢喷咀(46)外表面，并与钨钢喷咀(46)下端的环状凸缘(462)抵靠；其中，耐高温陶瓷保护套(48)与钨钢喷咀(46)外壁之间形成有若干供气体流过的通道，钨钢喷咀(46)下端环状凸缘(462)处设置有若干与该通道连通的并呈倾斜状的气体喷出孔(465)；所述耐高温陶瓷保护套(48)内壁下端设置与气体喷出孔(465)配合的避空槽(482)。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的挤出式金属流3D打印机，其特征在于：所述钨钢喷咀(46)于环状安装位(461)下方成型有若干相互形成有间隔的第一环形凸出部(467)，该钨钢喷咀(46)下端成型有若干与该第一环形凸出部(467)对应的第二环形凸出部(468)，令所述耐高温陶瓷保护套(48)同心嵌套于钨钢喷咀(46)外表面后形成所述的通道；所述钨钢喷咀(46)于环状安装位(461)下方向下开设有若干导气槽(469)，令环状安装位(461)与所述的通道连通，其中，所述第一环形凸出部(468)位于相邻两导气槽(469)之间。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任意一项所述的挤出式金属流3D打印机，其特征在于：所述机架(1)上还设置有水冷装置(7)，所述高频线圈(43)的铜管中形成有供冷水通过的流道，水冷装置(7)通过管道连接该流道。
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