WO2015141531A1 - 酵母エキスの製造方法 - Google Patents
酵母エキスの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015141531A1 WO2015141531A1 PCT/JP2015/057077 JP2015057077W WO2015141531A1 WO 2015141531 A1 WO2015141531 A1 WO 2015141531A1 JP 2015057077 W JP2015057077 W JP 2015057077W WO 2015141531 A1 WO2015141531 A1 WO 2015141531A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/005—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating using irradiation or electric treatment
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/20—Synthetic spices, flavouring agents or condiments
- A23L27/23—Synthetic spices, flavouring agents or condiments containing nucleotides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L31/00—Edible extracts or preparations of fungi; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L31/10—Yeasts or derivatives thereof
- A23L31/15—Extracts
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/14—Yeasts or derivatives thereof
- A23L33/145—Extracts
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a yeast extract having a high nucleic acid content.
- Yeast extract is prepared from yeast cells and contains abundant amino acids and has been used as a food additive such as a seasoning for imparting umami and richness.
- a seasoning for imparting umami and richness.
- Yeast extract prepared from yeast containing abundant taste components can be expected to be used as a better seasoning, and therefore, yeast extract containing more taste components has been actively developed.
- Patent Document 1 a yeast cell treated with an acidic aqueous solution is heat-treated to inactivate the enzyme in the yeast cell, then an alkali treatment is performed to extract an extract, and a bacterial cell is obtained by centrifugation.
- a method for preparing a yeast extract having a high nucleic acid content by treating the supernatant from which residues have been removed with 5′-phosphodiesterase and deaminase is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 discloses that a yeast suspension is alkali-extracted, proteases and ribonucleases in the cells are heated and inactivated, and then 5′-phosphodiesterase and 5′-adenylate deaminase are allowed to act. A method for preparing a yeast extract with a high nucleic acid content is disclosed.
- Patent Document 3 discloses that a yeast having a high nucleic acid content is sterilized at a temperature of 40 to 95 ° C., and then a supernatant obtained by centrifugation is used for proteinase, nuclease, and A method of preparing a yeast extract having a high nucleic acid content by treating with transaminase and inactivating the enzyme by subjecting the resulting enzyme degradation product to heat treatment is disclosed.
- JP 2002-101446 A Japanese Patent No. 2604306 Special table 2011-512130 gazette
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a yeast extract containing nucleic acids, particularly inosinic acid and guanylic acid, which are tasty nucleic acids, at a higher concentration than before.
- the present inventors conducted a sterilization treatment at a high temperature for a short time on yeast cells, followed by an extraction treatment at pH 7 to 10, followed by cell residue.
- the present inventors have found that a yeast extract having a higher nucleic acid content than before can be obtained by performing nuclease treatment and deaminase treatment on the extract from which the odor has been removed, thereby completing the present invention. That is, the present invention adopts the following configuration.
- [1] A step of heat sterilization of yeast cells at 100 to 130 ° C. for 10 to 90 seconds, and (2) a rate of yeast cells sterilized by the step (1) at 50 to 85 ° C. and pH of 7 to 10 Extracting with yeast and preparing a yeast extract; (3) After the step (2), a step of subjecting the obtained yeast extract to solid-liquid separation to remove at least a part of insoluble matters; (4) a step of nuclease treatment and deaminase treatment of the yeast extract from which insolubles have been removed after the step (3); and (5) a step of sterilizing the yeast extract after the step (4). ; A method for producing a yeast extract.
- the yeast extract having a higher nucleic acid content than the conventional yeast extract production method can be prepared from yeast cells by the yeast extract production method according to the present invention.
- Example 1 it is the figure which showed the measurement result of the degradation rate of the sample just before the microbial cell separation which is obtained with method 1-6.
- Example 1 it is the figure which showed the measurement result of AIG content (%) with respect to solid content dry weight of each sample obtained in each process of methods 1-6.
- Example 2 it is the figure which showed the measurement result of the decomposition rate (%) of the test sections m1-m3 which made extraction temperature 70 degreeC.
- Example 2 it is the figure which showed the measurement result of AIG content (%) of the test sections m1-m3 which made extraction temperature 70 degreeC.
- Example 2 it is the figure which showed the measurement result of the decomposition rate (%) of the test sections m2, m4, and m6 which made extraction pH 7.7.
- Example 2 it is the figure which showed the measurement result of AIG content (%) of the test sections m2, m4, and m6 which made extraction pH 7.7.
- Example 2 it is the figure which showed the measurement result of the decomposition rate (%) of the test sections m4 and m5 which made extraction temperature 75 degreeC.
- Example 2 it is the figure which showed the measurement result of AIG content (%) of the test sections m4 and m5 which made extraction temperature 75 degreeC.
- the method for producing a yeast extract according to the present invention includes a method in which the yeast cells are sterilized in a short time before extraction, and the extract from the cells is extracted by alkaline treatment at pH 7-10.
- the nuclease treatment and the deaminase treatment are performed on the extract obtained by removing the cell residue from the extract.
- the method for producing a yeast extract according to the present invention has the following steps (1) to (5). (1) A step of heat sterilizing yeast cells at 100 to 130 ° C. for 10 to 90 seconds; (2) A step of preparing a yeast extract by subjecting the yeast cells sterilized in the step (1) to extraction treatment at 50 to 85 ° C.
- step (3) After the step (2), the obtained yeast extract is subjected to solid-liquid separation treatment to remove at least a part of the insoluble matter; and (4) after the step (3), the insoluble matter is removed. Nuclease treatment and deaminase treatment of the removed yeast extract; (5) A step of heat sterilizing the yeast extract after the step (4).
- the yeast cells used in the method for producing a yeast extract according to the present invention may be unicellular fungi, and specifically, Saccharomyces spp., Shizosaccharomyces spp., Pichia (Pichia), Candida, Kluyveromyces, Williopsis, Debaryomyces, Galactomyces, orulus spora T Fungi, Rhodotorula, Yarrowia, Zygosaccharomyces, etc. It is below. Among these, since it is edible, Candida tropicalis, Candida lipolytica, Candida utilis, Candida salmon, and Saccharomyces -Saccharomyces cerevisiae etc. are preferable, More preferably, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida utilis are used widely.
- the yeast cell used in the method for producing a yeast extract according to the present invention may be a natural (wild-type) strain (a strain in which a gene has not been artificially modified), or a mutant strain. Also good.
- the mutant strain for example, the nucleic acid content, particularly the total content of inosinic acid and guanylic acid (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “IG content”) by mutation treatment such as EMS (ethyl methanesulfonate) treatment. And an elevated mutant.
- the yeast extract production method according to the present invention prepares a yeast extract having a higher nucleic acid content than when the conventional yeast extract production method is used, even from yeast cells originally having a low nucleic acid content. be able to.
- yeast cells used in the method for producing a yeast extract according to the present invention those cultured by a conventional method can be used.
- the culture form of yeast cells may be any of batch culture, fed-batch culture, or continuous culture, but industrially fed-batch culture or continuous culture is employed.
- the medium composition used for culturing yeast cells is not particularly limited, and those used in conventional methods can be used.
- the carbon source one or more selected from the group consisting of glucose, sucrose, acetic acid, ethanol, molasses, sulfite pulp waste liquid, and the like, which are used for normal microorganism culture, are used.
- the nitrogen source is selected from the group consisting of inorganic salts such as urea, ammonia, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride or ammonium phosphate, and nitrogen-containing organic substances such as corn steep liquor (CSL), casein, yeast extract or peptone. 1 type (s) or 2 or more types are used.
- phosphoric acid component, potassium component, and magnesium component may be added to the medium.
- These include normal industrial products such as lime superphosphate, ammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium hydroxide, magnesium sulfate, and magnesium hydrochloride.
- the raw material can be used.
- inorganic salts such as zinc, copper, manganese, and iron ions may be used.
- vitamins and the like may be added.
- Culture conditions or culture conditions before pH adjustment may be in accordance with general yeast culture conditions.
- the temperature is 20 to 40 ° C., preferably 25 to 35 ° C., and the pH is 3.5 to 7.5. 4.0 to 6.0 is particularly preferable.
- it is preferable that it is aerobic conditions, and it is more preferable to culture
- the amount of aeration and the conditions for stirring can be appropriately determined in consideration of the culture volume and time, and the initial concentration of bacteria.
- the ventilation is 0.2-2V. V. M.M. (Volume per volume per minute) and stirring can be performed at about 50 to 900 rpm.
- the yeast cells used in the method for producing a yeast extract according to the present invention are preferably washed with water or a buffer after being cultured, collected by centrifugation, or the like. By washing, it is possible to suppress the introduction of components derived from the culture medium into the yeast extract.
- the buffer to be washed is not particularly limited as long as it does not damage the yeast itself, and is a buffer that is generally used for washing microorganisms such as yeast such as PBS (phosphate buffered saline). It can be used by appropriately selecting from the above.
- yeast cells are sterilized by heating at 100 to 130 ° C. for 10 to 90 seconds.
- the enzyme derived from the bacterial cells is inactivated by sterilizing before extracting the extract from the yeast strain.
- the nucleic acid content in the extract extracted from the cells can be increased as compared with the case of performing for a long time.
- the temperature of the sterilization treatment is preferably 100 to 125 ° C, more preferably 110 to 125 ° C, and further preferably 115 to 125 ° C.
- the sterilization time is preferably 20 to 90 seconds, more preferably 30 to 90 seconds, and further preferably 40 to 80 seconds.
- a UHT Ultra high temperature
- step (2) the yeast cells sterilized in step (1) are extracted at 50 to 85 ° C. and pH 7 to 10 to prepare a yeast extract.
- the pH for the extraction treatment is preferably 7.4 to 10, more preferably 7.7 to 10, and further preferably 7.7 to 9.5.
- Nucleic acids can be efficiently extracted from yeast cells by extraction under neutral to alkaline conditions, particularly under alkaline conditions.
- the temperature of the extraction treatment is preferably 50 to 85 ° C, more preferably 55 to 75 ° C, still more preferably 60 to 75 ° C, and still more preferably 65 to 75 ° C.
- the time for the extraction treatment is not particularly limited as long as the extract can be sufficiently extracted from the yeast cells, and is appropriately adjusted in consideration of the weight of the cells to be treated, the temperature of the extraction treatment, and the like. be able to.
- the extraction treatment time is preferably 30 minutes to 12 hours, more preferably 1 to 9 hours, and even more preferably 1 to 6 hours.
- the extraction process may be performed at a constant temperature, or the temperature may be changed midway. For example, after heating at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes to 2 hours, it may be heated at 55 to 70 ° C. for 30 minutes to 5 hours.
- the pH of the extraction treatment is relatively low, a sufficient amount of nucleic acid can be extracted by increasing the extraction temperature and lengthening the extraction time as in the case of a relatively high pH.
- the yeast extract obtained in the step (2) is subjected to solid-liquid separation treatment to remove at least a part of the insoluble matter (bacterial cell residue).
- the removal mainly removes the yeast cell wall.
- the solid-liquid separation treatment can be performed by appropriately selecting from various methods such as sedimentation separation, centrifugation, filtration, decantation, and pressing.
- the pH is adjusted from the optimum conditions of the enzyme to make it acidic, but the nucleic acid extracted into the liquid fraction by pH adjustment is reabsorbed by the cell residue.
- nucleic acid in the yeast extract finally obtained The content can be increased.
- step (4) the yeast extract from which insolubles have been removed in step (3) is subjected to nuclease treatment and deaminase treatment.
- nuclease treatment and deaminase treatment By treating the nucleic acid in the yeast extract with nuclease, guanylic acid, which is a tasty nucleic acid, is produced.
- inosinic acid which is a tasty nucleic acid is produced
- any of various commercially available enzymes can be used.
- the temperature, pH, amount of enzyme to be added, and enzyme treatment time in these enzyme treatments can be appropriately determined in consideration of the type of enzyme used, the strength of activity, the concentration of the enzyme extract to be treated, and the like.
- the order of each enzyme treatment is not limited as long as deaminase treatment can be performed on the nuclease-treated product.
- Deaminase treatment may be performed by adding deaminase to the yeast extract after nuclease treatment. And deaminase exhibit enzyme activity at the same temperature, nuclease and deaminase may be added to the yeast extract and subjected to enzyme treatment at the same time.
- the yeast extract from which insoluble matter has been removed is adjusted to pH 4.0 or more and less than pH 7, preferably 4.5 to 6.0, then nuclease is added and nuclease is added at 60 to 80 ° C. for 30 minutes to 12 hours.
- inosinic acid and guanylic acid can be sufficiently produced by adding deaminase and performing a deaminase treatment at 40 to 60 ° C. for 30 minutes to 6 hours.
- the yeast extract (yeast extract) after the enzyme treatment is heat sterilized.
- the heat sterilization treatment can also inactivate mixed nuclease and deaminase. Therefore, the temperature of the heat sterilization treatment is preferably a temperature at which the added nuclease and deaminase can be inactivated.
- sterilization and enzyme deactivation are simultaneously performed by heat treatment at 80 to 120 ° C., preferably 80 to 105 ° C., more preferably 90 to 105 ° C. for 15 seconds to 30 minutes, preferably 15 to 90 seconds. be able to.
- the sterilized yeast extract obtained in the step (5) can be used as a yeast extract as it is, but the insoluble matter is removed by the filtration step (6) such as filtration, centrifugation, precipitation, etc. It is preferable to keep it.
- the filtration treatment it is more preferable to perform diatomaceous earth filtration since substances that cause miscellaneous taste and the like can be adsorbed and removed in addition to insoluble matters.
- the sterilized yeast extract obtained in step (5) or the yeast extract from which insoluble matter has been removed from the yeast extract can be further subjected to a drying step (7). Further, it may be subjected to a concentration step (6-1) for concentrating appropriately after the filtration step (6) and before the drying step (7) so that the dry weight of the solid content becomes a desired concentration.
- the concentration step can be appropriately selected from known concentration methods such as an evaporation method, a freeze concentration method, and a reverse osmotic pressure concentration method.
- the yeast extract after insoluble matter removal or concentration treatment may be further subjected to a heat sterilization treatment step (6-2).
- the said heat sterilization process can be performed similarly to the heat sterilization process in a process (1) or a process (5).
- UHT sterilization treatment is preferred because there is little risk of impairing the flavor of the yeast extract.
- the yeast extract obtained by the method for producing a yeast extract according to the present invention is dried and powdered to obtain a yeast extract powder having a high nucleic acid content.
- a yeast extract powder having a high nucleic acid content.
- a powdery yeast extract can be obtained by drying with.
- any method for preparing the yeast extract powder any method can be used as long as it is a usual method, but industrially, freeze-drying method, spray-drying method, drum-drying method and the like are adopted. .
- the obtained yeast extract and the yeast extract powder may be used as a seasoning composition.
- the said seasoning composition may consist only of the yeast extract obtained in this invention, other than the yeast extract obtained in this invention, other stabilizers, preservatives, etc. It may contain components.
- a seasoning composition can be produced by adding and mixing other components to the yeast extract or its powder as necessary.
- the said seasoning composition can be suitably used for various food-drinks similarly to other seasoning compositions.
- the obtained yeast extract and its powder can be directly contained in food and drink as raw materials.
- the yeast extract obtained in the present invention, the yeast extract powder, and the like are added in the same manner as other raw materials.
- the food and drink may be any food or drink that can be added with a normal yeast extract or a seasoning composition containing the same, for example, alcoholic beverages, soft drinks, fermented foods, seasonings, soups, breads, Examples include confectionery.
- a yeast extract with a high nucleic acid content can be prepared by the method for producing a yeast extract according to the present invention.
- the method for producing a yeast extract according to the present invention can be used even from yeast cells in which only a yeast extract having an IG content per dry weight of about 5 to 8% by mass can be prepared by a conventional production method such as a hot water extraction method.
- a yeast extract having an IG content per dry weight of 15% by mass or more, preferably 15 to 30% by mass, more preferably 20 to 30% by mass in the yeast extract can be produced.
- the yeast extract obtained by the manufacturing method of the yeast extract which concerns on this invention has high taste, and when it uses for food-drinks etc., it has a deep taste and can manufacture rich food-drinks.
- IG content per dry weight of yeast extract means inosinic acid and guanyl contained in the solid content obtained by drying yeast extract.
- the ratio (mass%) of the total amount of acid (2Na ⁇ 7 hydrate conversion value) is meant.
- content of inosinic acid and guanylic acid can be calculated
- the quantification method from the peak area may be an area percentage method, or may be determined from the ratio to the peak area of a standard product having a known concentration.
- Example 1 A yeast extract was prepared by a method in which an extract extracted from yeast cells was treated with nuclease and deaminase. Specifically, the following six methods were used, and the IG content (content of inosinic acid and guanylic acid) per dry weight of the obtained yeast extract was compared.
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae AB5814 strain was inoculated into a 2% agar-containing YPD plate medium, and statically cultured overnight in a 30 ° C. incubator to prepare a subculture plate and stored at 4 ° C.
- One platinum loop AB5814 strain colony was collected from the subculture plate, inoculated into 50 mL of YPD medium, and cultured overnight at 30 ° C. as a preculture solution. Thereafter, the obtained preculture solution is inoculated into 1.5 L of YPD medium so that the initial bacterial count becomes 1 ⁇ 10 7 cells / mL, and shaken in a 30 ° C. incubator for 16 hours at 200 rpm with stirring. Cultured. A part of the supernatant was removed from the obtained culture by centrifugation to prepare a yeast cell suspension (yeast suspension) having a solid content of 15% by mass.
- the prepared yeast suspension (bacterial solid concentration was 15% by mass) was UHT sterilized at 120 ° C. for 40 seconds.
- the sterilized yeast suspension was adjusted to pH 9.0 by adding a 25% by mass aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (23.2 g), and then extracted by incubating at 65 ° C. for 90 minutes.
- a part of the yeast suspension (yeast extract) after the extraction treatment was sampled for measurement (a sample immediately before cell separation).
- the supernatant (yeast extract) was collected by centrifuging the remaining yeast extract, heated to 70 ° C., and a part thereof was sampled for measurement (sample after reaching 70 ° C.).
- a 47% by mass sulfuric acid aqueous solution (8.9 g) was added to the remaining yeast extract to adjust the pH to 5.0, and a part thereof was sampled for measurement (sample after pH adjustment).
- 0.3% by mass of 5′-phosphodiesterase product name: Sumiteam NP, manufactured by Shin Nippon Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. was added to the remaining yeast extract, followed by incubation at 70 ° C. for 6 hours for nuclease treatment.
- a part of the yeast extract after nuclease treatment was sampled for measurement (sample after Nuc reaction), the rest was adjusted to 50 ° C., and then 0.2% by mass of 5′-adenylate deaminase (product name: Deamizyme G) And Amano Enzyme) were added and incubated at 50 ° C. for 3 hours for deaminase treatment.
- a portion of the yeast extract after the deaminase treatment was sampled for measurement (sample after the Dea reaction), and the rest was heated at 100 ° C. for 40 seconds to inactivate, filtered through diatomaceous earth, and then dried with a solid content. After concentration to 25 to 50% by mass, the mixture was further heated at 100 ° C. for 47 seconds for UHT sterilization treatment.
- a portion of the yeast extract after UHT sterilization treatment was sampled for measurement (sample after UHT2), and the rest was dried by spray drying to obtain a powdered yeast extract 1 (sample after SD).
- the prepared yeast suspension (bacterial solid concentration was 15% by mass) was UHT sterilized at 120 ° C. for 40 seconds.
- 25 mass% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (10.0 g) was added to adjust the pH to 7.9, followed by incubation at 70 ° C. for 180 minutes.
- a part of the yeast suspension (yeast extract) after the extraction treatment was sampled for measurement (a sample immediately before cell separation).
- the supernatant (yeast extract) was recovered by centrifuging the remaining yeast extract, and a part thereof was sampled for measurement while maintaining 70 ° C. (sample after reaching 70 ° C.).
- a 47% by mass sulfuric acid aqueous solution (4.4 g) was added to the remaining yeast extract to adjust the pH to 5.0, and a part thereof was sampled for measurement (sample after pH adjustment).
- the remaining yeast extract is treated with nuclease and then treated with deaminase, further subjected to inactivation treatment, diatomaceous earth filtration treatment, concentration treatment, sterilization treatment, and then dried by spray drying.
- a powdered yeast extract 2 was obtained.
- ⁇ Method 3> 47% by mass sulfuric acid aqueous solution (16.21g) is added to the prepared yeast suspension (the cell solid content concentration is 15% by mass) to adjust the pH to 3.5, followed by incubation at 60 ° C for 30 minutes. (Acid treatment).
- the acid-treated yeast suspension was UHT sterilized at 120 ° C. for 40 seconds, and 25% by mass aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (53.6 g) was added to the sterilized yeast suspension to adjust the pH to 9.0.
- the extraction treatment was performed by incubating at 65 ° C. for 90 minutes. A part of the yeast suspension (yeast extract) after the extraction treatment was sampled for measurement (a sample immediately before cell separation).
- the supernatant (yeast extract) was collected by centrifuging the remaining yeast extract, heated to 70 ° C., and a part thereof was sampled for measurement (sample after reaching 70 ° C.).
- a 47% by mass sulfuric acid aqueous solution (9.9 g) was added to the remaining yeast extract to adjust to pH 5.0, and a part thereof was sampled for measurement (sample after pH adjustment).
- the remaining yeast extract is treated with nuclease and then treated with deaminase, further subjected to inactivation treatment, diatomaceous earth filtration treatment, concentration treatment, sterilization treatment, and then dried by spray drying.
- a powdery yeast extract 3 was obtained.
- ⁇ Method 4> First, after adding 25 mass% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (29.9g) to the prepared yeast suspension (bacteria solid content concentration is 15 mass%) and adjusting to pH 9.0, it is 90 degreeC at 65 degreeC. Extraction was performed by incubating for a minute.
- the yeast suspension (yeast extract) after the extraction treatment was UHT sterilized at 120 ° C. for 40 seconds, and a part of the sterilized yeast extract was sampled for measurement (sample immediately before cell separation).
- the supernatant (yeast extract) was collected by centrifuging the remaining yeast extract, heated to 70 ° C., and a part thereof was sampled for measurement (sample after reaching 70 ° C.).
- a 47% by mass sulfuric acid aqueous solution (5.0 g) was added to the remaining yeast extract to adjust to pH 5.0, and then a part thereof was sampled for measurement (sample after pH adjustment).
- the remaining yeast extract is treated with nuclease and then treated with deaminase, further subjected to inactivation treatment, diatomaceous earth filtration treatment, concentration treatment, sterilization treatment, and then dried by spray drying.
- a powdery yeast extract 4 was obtained.
- the prepared yeast suspension (bacteria solid content concentration of 15% by mass) was incubated at 60 ° C. for 30 minutes for sterilization.
- the yeast suspension after sterilization treatment was adjusted to pH 9.0 by adding 25 mass% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (29.9 g), and then extracted by incubating at 65 ° C for 90 minutes.
- a part of the yeast suspension (yeast extract) after the extraction treatment was sampled for measurement (a sample immediately before cell separation).
- the supernatant (yeast extract) was collected by centrifuging the remaining yeast extract, heated to 70 ° C., and a part thereof was sampled for measurement (sample after reaching 70 ° C.).
- a 47% by mass sulfuric acid aqueous solution (11.3 g) was added to the remaining yeast extract to adjust the pH to 5.0, and a part thereof was sampled for measurement (sample after pH adjustment).
- the remaining yeast extract is treated with nuclease and then treated with deaminase, further subjected to inactivation treatment, diatomaceous earth filtration treatment, concentration treatment, sterilization treatment, and then dried by spray drying.
- a powdered yeast extract 5 was obtained.
- the prepared yeast suspension (bacteria solid content concentration of 15% by mass) was incubated at 60 ° C. for 30 minutes for sterilization. A portion of the sterilized yeast suspension was sampled for measurement (a sample immediately before cell separation), and the remainder was centrifuged to recover the supernatant (yeast extract). After the collected yeast extract was heated to 70 ° C., a part thereof was sampled for measurement (sample after reaching 70 ° C.). A 47% by mass sulfuric acid aqueous solution (2.1 g) was added to the remaining yeast extract to adjust the pH to 5.0, and a part thereof was sampled for measurement (sample after pH adjustment).
- yeast extract 6 is treated with nuclease and then treated with deaminase, further subjected to inactivation treatment, diatomaceous earth filtration treatment, concentration treatment, sterilization treatment, and then dried by spray drying. A powdered yeast extract 6 was obtained.
- ⁇ Decomposition rate> The decomposition rate of the yeast extract was examined for a sample (sample immediately before cell separation) that was sampled in each method and was just collected and collected by centrifugation.
- the degradation rate (%) is the ratio of the extract (soluble solids) in the total solids in the yeast suspension, and was calculated based on the following formula (a). “A” means moisture (mass%) in the sample (extract suspension), and “B” means moisture (mass%) in the supernatant obtained by centrifuging the sample. .
- Formula (a): Decomposition rate (%) [A ⁇ (100 ⁇ B)] / [B ⁇ (100 ⁇ A)] ⁇ 100
- the concentration of adenylic acid, inosinic acid, and guanylic acid contained in each sample obtained in each method is determined by the chromatographic peak area obtained by HPLC analysis using a C18 column, and the peak area of a standard product of known concentration. And calculated from the ratio.
- Inosine 5 'monophosphate manufactured by Sigma
- guanosine 5' monophosphate disodium salt hydrate manufactured by Sigma
- adenosine 5 ′ monophosphate sodium salt was used.
- a sample solution having a solid content weight of 1.00 to 1.05 g is dissolved in ultrapure water to prepare a 100 mL sample solution, and then diluted with ultrapure water. Was prepared.
- 1 mL of this diluted solution was filtered through a Millex (registered trademark) syringe filter, 200 ⁇ L of the filtrate was transferred to an HPLC vial, HPLC was performed under the following conditions, and adenylic acid (A) and inosinic acid ( I) and guanylic acid (G) concentrations were measured.
- HPLC apparatus Alliance e2695 (manufactured by Waters), Column: YMC Hydrosphere C18 (manufactured by YMC), Detector: UV detection 2489 (manufactured by Waters), Mobile phase: 100 mmol / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (pH 3.9) containing 5 mmol / L tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, Injection: 10 ⁇ L, Column temperature: 35 ° C. Flow rate: 1 mL / min, Detection wavelength: 250 nm, Analysis time: 60 minutes.
- the ratio (henceforth "AIG content”) of the total content (2Na * 7 hydrate conversion) content of adenylic acid, inosinic acid, and guanylic acid per solid content dry weight It calculated based on the following formula (b).
- HPLC measurement value of adenylic acid (ppm) is the concentration of adenylic acid (2Na ⁇ 7 hydrate equivalent) calculated from the chromatographic peak area ratio of HPLC
- HPLC measurement value of inosinic acid (ppm) ) Is the concentration of inosinic acid (2Na ⁇ 7 hydrate equivalent) calculated from the chromatographic peak area ratio of HPLC
- HPLC measured value of guanylic acid (ppm) is calculated from the chromatographic peak area ratio of HPLC.
- 1.396, 1.494, and 1.476 are coefficients for converting adenylic acid, inosinic acid, and guanylic acid to 2Na ⁇ 7 hydrate, respectively.
- [AIG content (%)] ⁇ ([HPLC measured value of adenylic acid (ppm)] ⁇ 1.496) + ([HPLC measured value of inosinic acid (ppm)] ⁇ 1.494) + ([HPLC measured value of guanylic acid (ppm)] ⁇ 1.476) ⁇ / 10000 ⁇ C / D / [DM (%)] ⁇ 100
- Fig. 1 shows the measurement results of the degradation rate of the sample immediately before the cell separation.
- the decomposition rate was as high as about 45%, and in method 5, it was as high as 40% or more.
- Method 4 in which UHT sterilization was performed after alkali extraction had a higher decomposition rate. Therefore, by performing alkali extraction treatment before sterilization, more cells were obtained. Was found to be decomposed.
- the decomposition rate of the method 5 which performed the sterilization treatment for 30 minutes at 60 degreeC for 30 minutes was higher than the method 1 which performed the sterilization treatment of the yeast cell body by UHT sterilization.
- the decomposition rate was less than 30%, and the result was the same as the general hot water extraction alone.
- the measurement result of the AIG content of each sample is shown in FIG. Throughout the entire process, the samples in methods 1 and 2 had the highest AIG content. The reason why the AIG content of the samples in methods 3 to 5 having a high degradation rate was lower is presumed to be that various substances other than nucleic acids were extracted from yeast cells. On the other hand, the AIG content of the sample in Method 6 was very low, indicating that almost no nucleic acid was extracted from the cells.
- ⁇ Amino acid composition About the powdery yeast extract (sample after SD) obtained by each method, the free amino acid composition was investigated. The measurement was performed by the Accutag Ultra (AccQ-Tag Ultra) labeling method using an Acquity UPLC analyzer (Waters, USA). In this measurement method, free amino acids in a sample can be selectively quantified. As a result, there was no significant difference in the composition of free amino acids in the powdered yeast extracts 1 to 6 (not shown). The powdery yeast extract 3 had a high GABA content, which is presumably because glutamic acid was converted to GABA because acid treatment was performed before the yeast cells were inactivated.
- the umami was evaluated for a 1.0 mass% aqueous solution of the powdered yeast extract (sample after SD) obtained by each method.
- the evaluation was performed by seven panelists specializing in yeast extract, and ranked in order of strong umami (the strongest umami strength is ranked first and the weakest is ranked sixth).
- Table 1 shows the evaluation results of each panel (the umami strength ranking given to each sample) for the yeast extract obtained by each method, and Table 2 shows the free comments.
- the yeast extract obtained by the methods 1 and 2 (corresponding to the method for producing the yeast extract according to the present invention) has the smallest total ranking of the seven panelists, which is more delicious than the others. It was confirmed to be excellent.
- the yeast extract obtained by Method 6 in which almost no nucleic acid was extracted was extremely low in rank compared to the others.
- the yeast extract obtained by the methods 3 to 5 was conspicuous in acidity and miscellaneous taste. This is presumably because substances other than nucleic acids were extracted excessively.
- Example 2 The conditions for the UHT sterilization treatment of yeast cells were examined, and the influence on the degradation rate and AIG content was examined.
- the prepared yeast suspension (bacterial solid concentration was 15% by mass) was UHT sterilized at the temperatures and times shown in Table 3. A part of the yeast suspension after sterilization was sampled for measurement (sample after UHT1), and the remainder was adjusted to 70 ° C. and then adjusted to pH 7.9 by adding a 25% by mass aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. Extraction was performed by incubating at 70 ° C. for 4.5 hours. A portion of the yeast suspension was sampled for measurement at 0, 1.5, 3 and 4.5 hours (at the end) from the start of extraction (extraction 0 h sample, extraction 1. (5h sample, extracted 3h sample, extracted 4.5h sample, where the extracted 4.5h sample corresponds to the sample immediately before cell separation in Example 1).
- the supernatant (yeast extract) was collected by centrifuging the remaining yeast extract, heated to 70 ° C., and a part thereof was sampled for measurement (sample after reaching 70 ° C.).
- a 47% by mass sulfuric acid aqueous solution was added to the remaining yeast extract to adjust to pH 5.0, and a part thereof was sampled for measurement (sample after pH adjustment).
- the remaining yeast extract was subjected to nuclease treatment and then deaminase treatment, and further subjected to deactivation treatment, diatomaceous earth filtration treatment, concentration treatment, and sterilization treatment, and then dried by spray drying. As a result, a powdery yeast extract was obtained.
- the decomposition rate (%) and AIG content (%) were measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Table 3 shows the measurement results.
- the decomposition rate was higher than in the test sections 3 and 4 of 100 ° C.
- the difference was the largest after the UHT sterilization treatment, and was almost the same when 3 hours passed from the start of the extraction treatment.
- the AIG content is higher in the test zones 1 and 2 where the UHT sterilization temperature before the extraction treatment is 120 ° C. than in the test zones 3 and 4 of 100 ° C.
- yeast extract with high AIG content was able to be prepared in all test sections irrespective of the difference in the conditions of the sterilization treatment before the extraction treatment.
- Example 3 The influence on the degradation rate and AIG content was examined under conditions for extracting yeast cells. Specifically, the conditions of the extraction process are as shown in Table 4, the extraction time is 6 hours, the 0th, 1.5th, 3rd, 4.5th, and 6th hours from the start of extraction. Except for the sample (at the end), a part of the yeast suspension was sampled for measurement (extracted 0h sample, extracted 1.5h sample, extracted 3h sample, extracted 4.5h sample, extracted 6h sample). In the same manner as in 2, a powdery yeast extract was prepared from the yeast suspension.
- FIG. 3 shows the transition of the decomposition rate (decomposition rate of each sample)
- FIG. 4 shows the transition of the AIG content (AIG content of each sample) for the test sections m1 to m3 where the extraction temperature was 70 ° C.
- FIG. 5 shows the transition of the decomposition rate
- FIG. 6 shows the transition of the AIG content
- FIG. 7 shows the transition of the decomposition rate
- FIG. 3 shows the transition of the decomposition rate (decomposition rate of each sample)
- FIG. 4 shows the transition of the AIG content (AIG content of each sample) for the test sections m1 to m3 where the extraction temperature was 70 ° C.
- FIG. 5 shows the transition of the decomposition rate
- FIG. 6 shows the transition of the AIG content
- FIG. 7 shows the transition of the decomposition rate
- Example 4 For the yeast shown in Table 5 below, a yeast extract was prepared by a method of subjecting an extract extracted from yeast cells to nuclease treatment and deaminase treatment. Acid content).
- IFO number means the registration number of the Fermentation Research Institute.
- a suspension of yeast cells having a solid content of 15% by mass was prepared, and then the same operation was performed.
- Yeast extract was prepared in the same manner as ⁇ Method 1> or ⁇ Method 5> in Example 1.
- the yeast extract production method according to the present invention makes it possible to prepare a yeast extract having a higher nucleic acid content from the yeast cells than the conventional yeast extract production method.
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Abstract
Description
また、特許文献2に記載の方法では、菌体に対して殺菌処理を行わずに直接アルカリ抽出を行うため、後記実施例において示すように、核酸以外の物質も多く抽出される結果、相対的に核酸含有量が少なくなる傾向があり、かつ雑味が比較的多くなる。特許文献3に記載の方法では、殺菌処理が比較的低温で長時間であることに加えて、全工程がほぼ酸性条件で行われるため、後記実施例において示すように、菌体から核酸がうまく抽出されない。
(3)前記工程(2)の後、得られた酵母抽出物を固液分離処理し、不溶物の少なくとも一部を除去する工程;
(4)前記工程(3)の後、不溶物が除去された酵母抽出物をヌクレアーゼ処理及びデアミナーゼ処理する工程;並びに
(5)前記工程(4)の後、前記酵母抽出物を殺菌処理する工程;
を有する、酵母エキスの製造方法。
[2] 前記工程(2)における抽出処理を、pH7.4~10で行う、前記[1]の酵母エキスの製造方法。
[3] 前記工程(4)におけるヌクレアーゼ処理及びデアミナーゼ処理を、pH4.0以上pH7未満で行う、前記[1]又は[2]の酵母エキスの製造方法。
[4] 前記工程(5)の後、さらに、
(6)前記酵母抽出物を濾過する濾過工程;及び
(7)前記濾過工程により得られた濾液を乾燥させる乾燥工程;
を有する、前記[1]~[3]のいずれかの酵母エキスの製造方法。
[5] 前記濾過工程(6)後、前記乾燥工程(7)前に、さらに
(6-1)前記濾過工程(6)により得られた濾液を濃縮する濃縮工程;及び
(6-2)前記濃縮工程(6-1)により得られた濃縮物を加熱殺菌処理する加熱殺菌工程;
を有する、前記[4]の酵母エキスの製造方法。
[6] 前記濾過が珪藻土濾過である、前記[4]又は[5]の酵母エキスの製造方法。
[7] 前記[1]~[6]のいずれかの酵母エキスの製造方法により製造された酵母エキス。
(1)酵母菌体を、100~130℃で10~90秒間加熱殺菌する工程;
(2)前記工程(1)により殺菌した酵母菌体を、50~85℃、pH7~10で抽出処理し、酵母抽出物を調製する工程;
(3)前記工程(2)の後、得られた酵母抽出物を固液分離処理し、不溶物の少なくとも一部を除去する工程;並びに
(4)前記工程(3)の後、不溶物が除去された酵母抽出物をヌクレアーゼ処理及びデアミナーゼ処理する工程;
(5)前記工程(4)の後、前記酵母抽出物を加熱殺菌処理する工程。
また、好気的条件であることが好ましく、通気・攪拌を行いながら培養することがより好ましい。通気の量と攪拌の条件は、培養の容量と時間、菌の初発濃度を考慮して、適宜決定することができる。例えば、通気は0.2~2V.V.M.(Volume per volume per minuts)程度、攪拌は50~900rpm程度で行なうことができる。
このため、本発明に係る酵母エキスの製造方法によって得られる酵母エキスは、特に呈味性が高く、飲食品等に用いることで、味に深みがあり、コクのある飲食品が製造できる。
また、イノシン酸とグアニル酸の含有量は、例えば、それぞれ、C18カラム(ODSカラム)を用いたHPLC(高速液体クロマトグラフィー)分析により得られたクロマトグラフのピーク面積から求めることができる。ピーク面積からの定量方法は、面積百分率法によってもよく、濃度既知の標準品のピーク面積との比から求めてもよい。
酵母菌体から抽出した抽出物をヌクレアーゼ処理及びデアミナーゼ処理する方法により、酵母エキスを調製した。具体的には、下記6種の方法により行い、得られた酵母エキスの乾燥重量当たりのIG含有量(イノシン酸とグアニル酸の含有量)を比較した。
2%寒天含有YPD平板培地に、サッカロマイセス・セレビシエAB5814株を植菌し、30℃のインキュベーターにて一晩静置培養行い、継代培養プレートを作製し、4℃にて保存した。
該継代培養プレートから1白金耳のAB5814株コロニーを採取し、50mLのYPD培地に植菌し、30℃で1晩培養したものを前培養液とした。その後、得られた前培養液を初発菌数が1×107cells/mLとなるように1.5LのYPD培地に植菌し、30℃のインキュベーター中で16時間、攪拌数200rpmで振とう培養した。得られた培養物から遠心分離処理することにより上清の一部を除去し、固形分15質量%の酵母菌体の懸濁液(酵母懸濁液)を調製した。
まず、調製した酵母懸濁液(菌体固形分濃度が15質量%)を、120℃、40秒間でUHT殺菌した。殺菌後の酵母懸濁液に、25質量%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(23.2g)を添加してpH9.0に調整した後、65℃で90分間インキュベートすることにより抽出処理を行った。抽出処理後の酵母懸濁液(酵母抽出物)の一部を測定用にサンプリングした(菌体分離直前サンプル)。
残りの酵母抽出物を遠心分離処理することにより上清(酵母エキス)を回収し、70℃にまで加温した後、その一部を測定用にサンプリングした(70℃達温後サンプル)。残りの酵母エキスに47質量%の硫酸水溶液(8.9g)を添加してpH5.0に調整した後、その一部を測定用にサンプリングした(pH調整後サンプル)。次いで、残りの酵母エキスに0.3質量%の5’-ホスホジエステラーゼ(製品名:スミチームNP、新日本化学工業社製)を添加し、70℃で6時間インキュベートすることによりヌクレアーゼ処理を行った。ヌクレアーゼ処理後の酵母エキスについて、その一部を測定用にサンプリングし(Nuc反応後サンプル)、残りを50℃に調整した後に0.2質量%の5’-アデニル酸デアミナーゼ(製品名:デアミザイムG、天野エンザイム社製)を添加し、50℃で3時間インキュベートすることによりデアミナーゼ処理を行った。デアミナーゼ処理後の酵母エキスについて、その一部を測定用にサンプリングし(Dea反応後サンプル)、残りを100℃で40秒間加熱して失活処理した後、珪藻土濾過した後、固形分乾燥重量が25~50質量%となるまで濃縮した後、さらに100℃で47秒間加熱してUHT殺菌処理した。UHT殺菌処理後の酵母エキスについて、その一部を測定用にサンプリングし(UHT2後サンプル)、残りをスプレードライにより乾燥することで、粉末状の酵母エキス1(SD後サンプル)を得た。
まず、調製した酵母懸濁液(菌体固形分濃度が15質量%)を、120℃、40秒間でUHT殺菌した。殺菌後の酵母懸濁液に、25質量%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(10.0g)を添加してpH7.9に調整した後、70℃で180分間インキュベートすることにより抽出処理を行った。抽出処理後の酵母懸濁液(酵母抽出物)の一部を測定用にサンプリングした(菌体分離直前サンプル)。
残りの酵母抽出物を遠心分離処理することにより上清(酵母エキス)を回収し、70℃を保持したまま、その一部を測定用にサンプリングした(70℃達温後サンプル)。残りの酵母エキスに47質量%の硫酸水溶液(4.4g)を添加してpH5.0に調整した後、その一部を測定用にサンプリングした(pH調整後サンプル)。次いで、方法1と同様にして、残りの酵母エキスに対してヌクレアーゼ処理した後にデアミナーゼ処理し、さらに失活処理、珪藻土濾過処理、濃縮処理、殺菌処理をした後、スプレードライにより乾燥することで、粉末状の酵母エキス2を得た。
まず、調製した酵母懸濁液(菌体固形分濃度が15質量%)に、47質量%の硫酸水溶液(16.21g)を添加してpH3.5に調整した後、60℃で30分間インキュベートした(酸処理)。酸処理後の酵母懸濁液を、120℃、40秒間でUHT殺菌し、殺菌後の酵母懸濁液に、25質量%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(53.6g)を添加してpH9.0に調整した後、65℃で90分間インキュベートすることにより抽出処理を行った。抽出処理後の酵母懸濁液(酵母抽出物)の一部を測定用にサンプリングした(菌体分離直前サンプル)。
残りの酵母抽出物を遠心分離処理することにより上清(酵母エキス)を回収し、70℃にまで加温した後、その一部を測定用にサンプリングした(70℃達温後サンプル)。残りの酵母エキスに47質量%の硫酸水溶液(9.9g)を添加してpH5.0に調整した後、その一部を測定用にサンプリングした(pH調整後サンプル)。次いで、方法1と同様にして、残りの酵母エキスに対してヌクレアーゼ処理した後にデアミナーゼ処理し、さらに失活処理、珪藻土濾過処理、濃縮処理、殺菌処理をした後、スプレードライにより乾燥することで、粉末状の酵母エキス3を得た。
まず、調製した酵母懸濁液(菌体固形分濃度が15質量%)に、25質量%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(29.9g)を添加してpH9.0に調整した後、65℃で90分間インキュベートすることにより抽出処理を行った。抽出処理後の酵母懸濁液(酵母抽出物)を、120℃、40秒間でUHT殺菌し、殺菌後の酵母抽出物の一部を測定用にサンプリングした(菌体分離直前サンプル)。
残りの酵母抽出物を遠心分離処理することにより上清(酵母エキス)を回収し、70℃にまで加温した後、その一部を測定用にサンプリングした(70℃達温後サンプル)。残りの酵母エキスに47質量%の硫酸水溶液(5.0g)を添加してpH5.0に調整した後、その一部を測定用にサンプリングした(pH調整後サンプル)。次いで、方法1と同様にして、残りの酵母エキスに対してヌクレアーゼ処理した後にデアミナーゼ処理し、さらに失活処理、珪藻土濾過処理、濃縮処理、殺菌処理をした後、スプレードライにより乾燥することで、粉末状の酵母エキス4を得た。
まず、調製した酵母懸濁液(菌体固形分濃度が15質量%)を、60℃で30分間インキュベートして殺菌処理を行った。殺菌処理後の酵母懸濁液に、25質量%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(29.9g)を添加してpH9.0に調整した後、65℃で90分間インキュベートすることにより抽出処理を行った。抽出処理後の酵母懸濁液(酵母抽出物)の一部を測定用にサンプリングした(菌体分離直前サンプル)。
残りの酵母抽出物を遠心分離処理することにより上清(酵母エキス)を回収し、70℃にまで加温した後、その一部を測定用にサンプリングした(70℃達温後サンプル)。残りの酵母エキスに47質量%の硫酸水溶液(11.3g)を添加してpH5.0に調整した後、その一部を測定用にサンプリングした(pH調整後サンプル)。次いで、方法1と同様にして、残りの酵母エキスに対してヌクレアーゼ処理した後にデアミナーゼ処理し、さらに失活処理、珪藻土濾過処理、濃縮処理、殺菌処理をした後、スプレードライにより乾燥することで、粉末状の酵母エキス5を得た。
まず、調製した酵母懸濁液(菌体固形分濃度が15質量%)を、60℃で30分間インキュベートして殺菌処理を行った。殺菌処理後の酵母懸濁液に対して、その一部を測定用にサンプリングし(菌体分離直前サンプル)、残りを遠心分離処理することにより上清(酵母エキス)を回収した。回収された酵母エキスを70℃にまで加温した後、その一部を測定用にサンプリングした(70℃達温後サンプル)。残りの酵母エキスに47質量%の硫酸水溶液(2.1g)を添加してpH5.0に調整した後、その一部を測定用にサンプリングした(pH調整後サンプル)。次いで、方法1と同様にして、残りの酵母エキスに対してヌクレアーゼ処理した後にデアミナーゼ処理し、さらに失活処理、珪藻土濾過処理、濃縮処理、殺菌処理をした後、スプレードライにより乾燥することで、粉末状の酵母エキス6を得た。
各方法においてサンプリングされた、遠心分離処理により菌体が分離回収される直前のサンプル(菌体分離直前サンプル)について、酵母エキスの分解率を調べた。分解率(%)は、酵母懸濁液中の全固形分のうちエキス分(可溶性固形分)の割合であり、下記式(a)に基づいて算出した。「A」は、サンプル(エキス懸濁液)中の水分(質量%)を、「B」は、サンプルを遠心分離処理して得られた上清中の水分(質量%)を、それぞれ意味する。
式(a): 分解率(%)=〔A×(100-B)〕/〔B×(100-A)〕×100
各方法において得られた各サンプルに含まれるアデニル酸、イノシン酸、及びグアニル酸の濃度を、C18カラムを用いたHPLC分析により得られたクロマトグラフのピーク面積と、濃度既知の標準品のピーク面積との比から算出した。イノシン酸の標準品としてはイノシン5’一リン酸(シグマ社製)を、グアニル酸の標準品としてはグアノシン5’一リン酸二ナトリウム塩水和物(シグマ社製)を、アデニル酸の標準品としてはアデノシン5’一リン酸ナトリウム塩(シグマ社製)を、それぞれ用いた。
カラム:YMC Hydrosphere C18(ワイエムシィ社製)、
検出器:UV検出2489(Waters社製)、
移動相:5mmol/L テトラブチルアンモニウムヒドロキシドを含有する100mmol/L リン酸二水素カリウム溶液(pH3.9)、
インジェクション:10μL、
カラム温度:35℃、
流量:1mL/分、
検出波長:250nm、
分析時間:60分間。
各方法により得られた粉末状の酵母エキス(SD後サンプル)について、遊離アミノ酸組成を調べた。測定は、Acquity UPLC分析装置(ウォーターズ社製、米国)を用いて、アキュタグウルトラ(AccQ-Tag Ultra)ラベル化法により測定した。当該測定法では、試料中の遊離アミノ酸を選択的に定量することができる。
この結果、粉末状の酵母エキス1~6において、遊離アミノ酸の組成にはさほど大きな差はなかった(図示せず。)。なお、粉末状の酵母エキス3ではGABA含有量が高かったが、これは酵母菌体を失活させる前に酸処理を行ったためにグルタミン酸がGABAに変換されたためと推察される。
各方法により得られた粉末状の酵母エキス(SD後サンプル)の1.0質量%水溶液について、旨味について評価した。評価は、酵母エキス専門パネラー7名で行い、旨味の強い順に順位(旨味強度が最も強いものを1位とし、最も弱いものを6位とする。)をつけた。各方法により得られた酵母エキスに対して各パネラーの評価結果(各サンプルにつけた旨味強度順位)を表1に、フリーコメントを表2にそれぞれ示す。
酵母菌体をUHT殺菌処理する条件をふり、分解率やAIG含有量に対する影響を調べた。
残りの酵母抽出物を遠心分離処理することにより上清(酵母エキス)を回収し、70℃にまで加温した後、その一部を測定用にサンプリングした(70℃達温後サンプル)。残りの酵母エキスに47質量%の硫酸水溶液を添加してpH5.0に調整した後、その一部を測定用にサンプリングした(pH調整後サンプル)。次いで、実施例1の方法1と同様にして、残りの酵母エキスに対してヌクレアーゼ処理した後にデアミナーゼ処理し、さらに失活処理、珪藻土濾過処理、濃縮処理、殺菌処理をした後、スプレードライにより乾燥することで、粉末状の酵母エキスを得た。
酵母菌体を抽出処理する条件をふり、分解率やAIG含有量に対する影響を調べた。
具体的には、抽出処理の条件を表4に示す通りとし、抽出時間を6時間とし、抽出開始から0時間目、1.5時間目、3時間目、4.5時間目、及び6時間目(終了時)に、酵母懸濁液の一部を測定用にサンプリングした(抽出0hサンプル、抽出1.5hサンプル、抽出3hサンプル、抽出4.5hサンプル、抽出6hサンプル)以外は、実施例2と同様にして酵母懸濁液から粉末状の酵母エキスを調製した。
下記表5に示す酵母について、酵母菌体から抽出した抽出物をヌクレアーゼ処理及びデアミナーゼ処理する方法により、酵母エキスを調製し、得られた酵母エキスの乾燥重量当たりのIG含有量(イノシン酸とグアニル酸の含有量)を測定した。下記表中、「IFO番号」とは、公益財団法人発酵研究所の登録番号を意味する。
Claims (7)
- (1)酵母菌体を、100~130℃で10~90秒間加熱殺菌する工程;
(2)前記工程(1)により殺菌した酵母菌体を、50~85℃、pH7~10で抽出処理し、酵母抽出物を調製する工程;
(3)前記工程(2)の後、得られた酵母抽出物を固液分離処理し、不溶物の少なくとも一部を除去する工程;
(4)前記工程(3)の後、不溶物が除去された酵母抽出物をヌクレアーゼ処理及びデアミナーゼ処理する工程;並びに
(5)前記工程(4)の後、前記酵母抽出物を加熱殺菌処理する工程;
を有する、酵母エキスの製造方法。 - 前記工程(2)における抽出処理を、pH7.4~10で行う、請求項1に記載の酵母エキスの製造方法。
- 前記工程(4)におけるヌクレアーゼ処理及びデアミナーゼ処理を、pH4.0以上pH7未満で行う、請求項1又は2に記載の酵母エキスの製造方法。
- 前記工程(5)の後、さらに、
(6)前記酵母抽出物を濾過する濾過工程;及び
(7)前記濾過工程により得られた濾液を乾燥させる乾燥工程;
を有する、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の酵母エキスの製造方法。 - 前記濾過工程(6)後、前記乾燥工程(7)前に、さらに、
(6-1)前記濾過工程(6)により得られた濾液を濃縮する濃縮工程;及び
(6-2)前記濃縮工程(6-1)により得られた濃縮物を加熱殺菌処理する加熱殺菌工程;
を有する、請求項4に記載の酵母エキスの製造方法。 - 前記濾過が珪藻土濾過である、請求項4又は5に記載の酵母エキスの製造方法。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の酵母エキスの製造方法により製造された酵母エキス。
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CN109803544A (zh) * | 2016-10-07 | 2019-05-24 | 天野酶制品株式会社 | 核酸系调味料的制造方法 |
US11278045B2 (en) | 2016-10-07 | 2022-03-22 | Amano Enzyme Inc. | Method for producing nucleic acid seasoning |
WO2021066130A1 (ja) | 2019-10-03 | 2021-04-08 | 天野エンザイム株式会社 | 酵母エキスの製造方法 |
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