WO2015120813A1 - 无反射板激光自主导航agv小车及其导航方法 - Google Patents

无反射板激光自主导航agv小车及其导航方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015120813A1
WO2015120813A1 PCT/CN2015/073013 CN2015073013W WO2015120813A1 WO 2015120813 A1 WO2015120813 A1 WO 2015120813A1 CN 2015073013 W CN2015073013 W CN 2015073013W WO 2015120813 A1 WO2015120813 A1 WO 2015120813A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
computer system
laser
autonomous navigation
reflective plate
agv car
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2015/073013
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
司秀芬
刘胜明
罗敏
江红章
钟佳帅
Original Assignee
苏州工业园区艾吉威自动化设备有限公司
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Application filed by 苏州工业园区艾吉威自动化设备有限公司 filed Critical 苏州工业园区艾吉威自动化设备有限公司
Publication of WO2015120813A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015120813A1/zh
Priority to US15/236,570 priority Critical patent/US9709989B2/en

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/02Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/021Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
    • G05D1/0231Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using optical position detecting means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/02Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/021Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
    • G05D1/0268Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using internal positioning means
    • G05D1/0274Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using internal positioning means using mapping information stored in a memory device
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/02Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S17/06Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S17/08Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/02Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S17/06Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S17/42Simultaneous measurement of distance and other co-ordinates
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S17/89Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S17/93Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S17/931Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/4808Evaluating distance, position or velocity data
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4817Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements relating to scanning
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/02Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/021Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
    • G05D1/0231Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using optical position detecting means
    • G05D1/0238Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using optical position detecting means using obstacle or wall sensors
    • G05D1/024Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using optical position detecting means using obstacle or wall sensors in combination with a laser

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of transportation equipment, and in particular to a laser autonomous navigation AGV car without a reflector.
  • AGV trolley (automatic navigation trolley) is a transport trolley equipped with automatic guiding devices such as electromagnetic or optical, capable of traveling along a prescribed guiding path, with trolley programming and parking devices, safety protection and various transfer functions. .
  • AGV has been widely used in logistics systems and flexible manufacturing systems. It is efficient, fast and flexible, and greatly improves production automation and production efficiency.
  • the laser bow I guide is an advanced bow guide method adopted in the mid-1990s. It is the only guide I guide that does not require ground treatment except GPS.
  • the laser bow I guide AGV uses a laser scanner and pre-AGV.
  • the reflectors arranged around the running area of the trolley serve as the basic environment for laser positioning, and mainly complete tasks such as path planning, positioning and obstacle avoidance.
  • the existing laser navigation AGV trolley needs to install at least three high-intensity reflectors in the running area, and the laser scanner can only detect such high-intensity reflectors. After one week of laser scanning, a series of lasers can be obtained. The reflection angle of the reflector is then positioned based on the obtained data. The installation of the reflector is critical and must be installed in the operating area. When the laser navigation AGV arrives in the new area, the reflector needs to be reinstalled. In addition, the position of the reflector must be fixed. If the reflector is accidentally moved, the AGV trolley will not know its position, and the flexibility and accuracy are relatively poor.
  • the non-reflective plate laser autonomous navigation AGV car of the present invention comprises a laser scanner, a car body, a host computer system, a lower computer system, an actuator and an input/output device, and the laser scanner is electrically connected to the host computer system.
  • a laser scanner is used to receive the reflected laser and convert the laser into an electrical signal for transmission Host computer system;
  • the upper computer system is electrically connected with the lower computer system, and the upper computer system constructs a map according to the electrical signal sent by the laser scanner, and performs path planning on the basis of the map, and sends a control command to the lower computer system to control
  • the input/output device is connected to a lower-level machine system, and the input/output device is configured to receive a control command sent by an operator and display state information of the interior of the AGV trolley without a reflector laser autonomous navigation;
  • the actuator is rotatably connected under the carriage body, and the actuator is used to drive the non-reflective plate laser autonomous navigation AGV trolley operation.
  • the actuator comprises a fixed plate, a left actuator and a right actuator, and the left actuator and the right actuator are respectively disposed on the left of the fixed plate.
  • each of the actuators includes a wheel, a motor, a driver and a rotary encoder, the main shaft of the wheel being coupled to the main shaft of the motor, the wheel in the left actuator and the wheel in the right actuator
  • the motor is electrically connected to the driver
  • the driver is electrically connected to the lower computer system
  • the driver is used for driving the operation of the motor
  • the rotary encoder The input shaft is connected to the main shaft of the motor, and the rotary encoder is electrically connected to the lower position system, and the rotary encoder is used to feed back the rotational speed and rotation angle data of the motor to the lower position system.
  • the non-reflective plate laser autonomous navigation AGV car of the present invention further includes an angle sensor and a driven shaft, the driven shaft is vertically disposed on the fixed plate, and the angle sensor is fixed to the driven shaft. Connected, and the angle sensor is electrically connected to the lower computer system, and the angle sensor is used for detecting the angle data between the actuator and the body of the trolley, and uploading the data to the upper computer system through the lower computer system.
  • the non-reflecting plate laser autonomous navigation AGV car of the present invention includes a touch screen, a button, a remote controller, a sound output device, and an obstacle sensor, the touch screen, a button, a sound output device, and an obstacle.
  • the object sensor is electrically connected to the lower computer system
  • the button is used to start or turn off the non-reflective plate laser autonomous navigation AGV car
  • the sound output device is used for prompting the internal state data of the laser autonomous navigation AGV car without the reflector
  • the obstacle sensor When the laser-free autonomous navigation AG V car hits an obstacle, the non-reflective plate laser autonomous navigation AGV car stops, the remote controller is connected wirelessly with the upper computer system or the lower computer system, and the remote controller is used to control no reflection. Plate laser autonomy Navigating the operation of the AGV trolley.
  • the non-reflecting plate laser autonomous navigation AGV of the present invention is one of an industrial control computer or an MCU controller.
  • the non-reflective plate laser autonomous navigation AGV car of the present invention is MC
  • One of the U controllers or PLCs One of the U controllers or PLCs.
  • non-reflective plate laser autonomous navigation AGV car of the present invention is integrated in the upper computer system.
  • the reflectorless laser autonomous navigation AGV trolley of the present invention has the beneficial effects that: the non-reflective panel laser autonomous navigation AGV trolley of the invention comprises a laser scanner and a host computer system, and the upper computer system receives The electrical signal sent by the laser scanner is processed, the original map is established and limited, the non-secure area is removed to obtain an effective map, and is saved in the upper computer system.
  • the upper computer system After the destination point is set, the upper computer system According to the established map, the path planning is performed to find a shortest path to the destination, and according to the shortest path radial actuator sends a control command to control the operation of the non-reflective laser autonomous navigation AGV trolley, during which the rotary encoder and the angle sensor The data of the rotation speed and angle will be transmitted to the upper computer system through the lower computer system to realize the feedback control of the upper computer system, and further adjust the rotation speed and posture of the wheel in the actuator until the set destination is reached.
  • the non-reflective plate laser autonomous navigation AGV trolley of the present invention does not need to calculate the position of the laser reflected by the reflector as the laser navigation AGV trolley with the reflector, but through the original map and effective The establishment of the map, to achieve autonomous navigation.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an automatic navigation method for a laser autonomous navigation AGV car without a reflector to realize automatic navigation of a laser autonomous navigation AGV car without a reflector, including the following steps:
  • the laser scanner When the laser scanner scans the object, the laser scanner converts the reflected laser light into an electrical signal and sends it to the host computer system;
  • the upper computer system processes the electrical signal sent by the laser scanner, and establishes an original map, and displays the contour of the scanned object in the original map with black lines until the laser is independent of the reflector. After the navigation AGV car runs in the area that needs to be reached, the original map is established, and the host computer system saves the original map;
  • E The operator sets the starting point and the target point of the AGV trolley without the reflector laser in the effective map, and sets the laser independent navigation AGV trolley to the autonomous mode;
  • the host computer system performs path planning, plans the shortest path, and sends control commands and walking data to the lower computer system;
  • the lower computer system sends the control command to the actuator, and drives the non-reflective plate laser autonomous navigation AGV car to run.
  • the rotary encoder continuously transmits the data to the upper computer system, and is performed by the upper computer system.
  • PID closed-loop control until reaching the set destination point and ending the operation, if during operation, the laser scanner without a reflector laser autonomous navigation AGV trolley scans to a certain distance in front of the obstacle, then go to step H;
  • the upper computer system synchronizes the effective map according to the scanned obstacle information, marks the obstacle in the effective map, and saves the effective map, and the upper computer system re-routes according to the synchronized effective map. Planning, if the upper computer system calculates that the non-reflective plate laser autonomous navigation AGV car can pass the obstacle, then go to step G, otherwise go to step I;
  • the automatic navigation method of the non-reflecting plate laser autonomous navigation AGV car of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the upper computer system will mark the obstacle with the black line in the original effective map, thereby realizing the synchronous update of the effective map, and re-planning to the shortest path of the destination, driving the non-reflective plate laser autonomous navigation AGV.
  • the trolley arrives at the destination, thereby enhancing the environmental adaptability of the non-reflective plate laser autonomous navigation AGV trolley of the present invention.
  • the steps in the automatic navigation method of the laser-free autonomous navigation AGV trolley are implemented.
  • Non-reflective plate laser autonomous navigation AGV car Compared with the laser navigation AGV car that is positioned by the reflector, the external influence on the self-propagation is relatively small, making it suitable for a variety of occasions, and the environment is more adaptable.
  • FIG. 1 is a front view of a non-reflective plate laser autonomous navigation AGV car of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a structural block diagram of a non-reflective plate laser autonomous navigation AGV car of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a front view of the actuator of the non-reflective plate laser autonomous navigation AGV car of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing the operation of the non-reflection plate laser autonomous navigation AGV car automatic navigation method of the present invention.
  • 1 laser scanner; 2: trolley body; 3: actuator; 4: fixed plate; 5: wheel; 6: motor; 7: driver; 8: rotary encoder; 9: angle sensor; 10: The slave axis.
  • the non-reflecting plate laser autonomous navigation AGV car of the present invention comprises a laser scanner 1, a car body 2, a host computer system, a lower computer system, an actuator 3, and an input/output device, a laser
  • the scanner is electrically connected to the host computer system, and the laser scanner is configured to receive the reflected laser light, and convert the laser light into an electrical signal to be transmitted to the upper computer system;
  • the upper computer system is electrically connected with the lower computer system, and the upper computer system constructs a map according to the electrical signal sent by the laser scanner, and performs path planning on the basis of the map, and sends a control command to the lower computer system to control no reflection.
  • the input/output device is connected to the lower computer system, and the input/output device is configured to receive a control command sent by the operator and display state information of the laser autonomous navigation AGV inside the car without the reflector;
  • the input and output device includes a touch screen, a button, a remote controller,
  • the sound output device and the obstacle sensor, the touch screen, the button, the sound output device and the obstacle sensor are respectively electrically connected with the lower computer system, the button is used to start or turn off the non-reflective plate laser autonomous navigation AGV car, and the sound output device is used for prompting no reflection
  • the internal state data of the laser autonomous navigation AG V car, the obstacle sensor is used when the laser autonomous navigation AGV car hits the obstacle without the reflector, stops the non-reflective plate laser autonomous navigation AGV car operation, the remote control and the upper machine
  • the system or the lower computer system is connected wirelessly, and the remote controller is used to control the operation of the laser-free navigation AGV trolley without the reflector.
  • the actuator is rotatably coupled below the body of the carriage, and the actuator is used to drive the laser-free self-maintaining AGV trolley operation without the reflector.
  • the actuator includes a fixed plate 4, a left actuator and a right actuator, and the left actuator and the right actuator are respectively disposed on the left and right sides of the fixed plate, and each of the actuators includes a wheel 5, a motor 6, and a drive 7 and the rotary encoder 8, the main shaft of the wheel is connected to the main shaft of the motor, the wheel in the left actuator and the wheel in the right actuator are used to generate a speed difference, and drive the actuator to turn, thereby driving the main body of the carriage, the motor and the drive Electrical connection, the driver is electrically connected to the lower computer system, the driver is used to drive the motor, the input shaft of the rotary encoder is connected with the spindle of the motor, and the rotary encoder is electrically connected to the lower computer system, and the rotary encoder is used for the lower position system Feedback motor speed and corner data.
  • the laser-free autonomous navigation AGV car is first set in the remote control mode, and the operator controls the non-reflective plate laser autonomous navigation AGV car through the remote control to run in the area where the operation is required.
  • the laser scanner continuously emits laser light to the surroundings, converts the laser light reflected by the object into an electrical signal, and uploads it to the upper computer system, and the upper computer system processes the electrical signal sent by the laser scanner after receiving the electrical signal. From the time when the laser is emitted to the time between the reflected laser and the angle of the laser transmitted by the laser scanner, the specific position of the object from the non-reflective laser autonomous navigation AGV car can be derived, and the host computer system establishes the original map accordingly.
  • the non-reflective plate laser autonomous navigation AGV of the present invention can realize autonomous navigation without a reflector.
  • the non-reflective plate laser autonomous navigation AGV car of the present invention further includes an angle sensor 9 and a driven shaft 10, the driven shaft is vertically disposed on the fixed plate, and the angle sensor is fixedly connected with the driven shaft. and
  • the angle sensor is electrically connected to the lower computer system, and the angle sensor is used for detecting the angle data between the actuator and the body of the trolley, and the data is uploaded to the upper computer system through the lower computer system.
  • the angle sensor is arranged, so that the upper computer system can obtain the relative position of the trolley body relative to the actuator, that is, the angle data, from the angle information sent by the angle sensor, thereby acquiring the contour information of the trolley body, and avoiding the laser-free autonomous navigation AGV trolley without the reflector.
  • the outline of the body of the car collides with an external object or an obstacle.
  • the non-reflecting plate laser autonomous navigation AGV car of the present invention is one of an industrial control computer or an MCU controller.
  • the MCU controller is the micro control unit, including ARM, microcontroller, and so on.
  • the non-reflective plate laser autonomous navigation AGV of the present invention is a one of an MCU controller or a PLC.
  • the non-reflective plate laser autonomous navigation AGV car of the present invention is integrated in the upper computer system.
  • the automatic navigation method of the non-reflective plate laser autonomous navigation AGV car of the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • V car is set to remote mode
  • S102 Controlling the non-reflective plate laser autonomous navigation by using a remote controller
  • the AGV car runs in an area that needs to be reached.
  • the laser scanner scans the object, the laser scanner converts the reflected laser light into an electrical signal.
  • S103 The upper computer system processes the electrical signal sent by the laser scanner, and establishes an original map, and displays the contour of the scanned object in a black line on the original map until the laser-free autonomous navigation AGV car is in the non-reflecting plate. After running through the area that needs to be reached, the original map is established, and the host computer system saves the original map;
  • S104 The operator defines the original map, manually blocks the non-secure area that is conditionally released, thereby obtaining an effective map, and saving the valid map in the host computer system;
  • S105 The operator sets a starting point and a target point of the laser-free autonomous navigation AGV car in the effective map, and sets the non-reflecting plate laser autonomous navigation AGV car as the autonomous mode;
  • S106 the host computer system performs path planning, plans a shortest path, and sends a control command and walking data to the lower computer system;
  • the lower computer system sends the control command to the actuator, drives the non-reflective plate laser autonomous navigation A GV car to run, in the process, the rotary encoder continuously transmits data to the upper computer system, and the upper computer system Do PID closed-loop control until the set destination point is reached and the operation is finished. If the laser scanner of the AGV trolley without the reflector laser scans to the front, there is an obstacle within a certain distance to the step S 108;
  • S108 The upper computer system synchronizes the effective map according to the scanned obstacle information, marks the obstacle in the effective map, and saves the effective map, and the upper computer system re-routes according to the synchronized effective map. Planning, if the upper computer system calculates that the non-reflective plate laser autonomous navigation AGV car can pass the obstacle, then go to step S107, otherwise go to step S109;
  • S109 The upper computer system stops the non-reflective plate laser autonomous navigation operation of the AGV trolley until the obstacle is gone, and then proceeds to step S107.
  • the upper computer system marks the obstacle in a black line with the original effective map, thereby realizing an effective map. Simultaneously updating, and re-planning to the shortest path of the destination, driving the non-reflective plate laser autonomous navigation AG V car to reach the destination, thereby enhancing the environmental adaptability of the non-reflective plate laser autonomous navigation AGV car of the present invention, in summary, By performing the steps in the automatic navigation method of the AGV trolley without the reflector laser autonomous navigation, the automatic navigation of the AGV trolley without the reflector laser is realized, compared with the laser navigation AGV trolley positioned by the reflector, the outside world itself The impact is relatively small, making it suitable for a wide variety of occasions, and the environment is more adaptable.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Control Of Position, Course, Altitude, Or Attitude Of Moving Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

提供了一种无反射板激光自主导航AGV小车,涉及运输设备技术领域,包括激光扫描仪(1)、小车主体(2)、上位机系统、下位机系统、执行机构(3)和输入输出装置,上位机系统接收激光扫描仪(1)的电信号后进行处理,建立原始地图和有效地图,进行路径规划,得到最短路径,向执行机构(3)发送控制指令,旋转编码器和角度传感器向上位机系统传送转速和角度等数据,实现反馈控制,从而进行小车的自主导航。该无反射板激光自主导航AGV小车,无需安装反射板即可实现激光导航AGV小车的定位和避障,提高了环境适应性。

Description

无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车及其导航方法 技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及运输设备技术领域, 特别是涉及一种无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小 车。
背景技术
[0002] AGV小车 (自动导航小车) 是指装备有电磁或光学等自动导引装置, 能够沿规 定的导引路径行驶, 具有小车编程与停车装置、 安全保护以及各种移载功能的 运输小车。 近年来随着现代物流以及相关技术在我国高速发展, AGV已广泛应 用于物流系统和柔性制造系统中, 其高效、 快捷、 灵活, 大大提高了生产自动 化程度和生产效率。 激光弓 I导是在九十年代中期幵始采用的先进的弓 I导方式, 是除 GPS外唯一不需要地面处理的弓 I导方式, 激光弓 I导 AGV小车采用激光扫描 器和预先在 AGV小车运行区域周围布置好位置的反光板作为激光定位所需的基 础环境,主要完成路径规划、 定位和避障等任务。
[0003] 现有的激光导航 AGV小车, 在运行区域需要安装至少三个以上的高亮度反射板 , 激光扫描仪只能检测到这种高亮度的反射板, 激光扫描一周后, 可以得到一 系列反射板的反射角, 然后根据得到的数据进行定位。 反射板的安装至关重要 , 必须在运行区域都安装上, 当激光导航 AGV小车到达新的区域吋, 需重新安 装反射板。 另外反射板的位置必须固定, 如不小心动了反射板, AGV小车将不 知道自己的位置, 灵活性和精确度相对而言比较差。
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0004] 为解决上述技术问题, 本发明的一个目的在于提供一种无需安装反射板即可实 现激光导航 AGV小车的定位和避障的无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车。
[0005] 本发明的无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车, 包括激光扫描仪、 小车主体、 上位 机系统、 下位机系统、 执行机构和输入输出装置, 所述激光扫描仪与上位机系 统电连接, 激光扫描仪用于接收反射的激光, 并将此激光转换为电信号传送给 上位机系统;
[0006] 所述上位机系统与下位机系统电连接, 上位机系统根据激光扫描仪发送的电 信号构建地图, 并在此地图的基础上进行路径规划, 并向下位机系统发送控制 指令, 控制无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车的运行;
[0007] 所述输入输出装置与下位机系统连接, 输入输出装置用于接收操作人员发送的 控制指令和显示无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车内部的状态信息;
[0008] 所述执行机构可转动地连接在小车主体的下方, 执行机构用于驱动无反射板激 光自主导航 AGV小车运行。
[0009] 进一步的, 本发明的无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车, 所述执行机构包括固定 板、 左执行机构和右执行机构, 所述左执行机构和右执行机构分别设置在固定 板的左侧和右侧, 所述执行机构中的每个执行机构包括车轮、 马达、 驱动器和 旋转编码器, 所述车轮的主轴与马达的主轴连接, 左执行机构中的车轮和右执 行机构中的车轮用于产生速度差, 并驱动执行机构转弯, 从而带动小车主体运 行, 所述马达与驱动器电连接, 所述驱动器与下位机系统电连接, 驱动器用于 驱动马达的运转, 所述旋转编码器的输入轴与马达的主轴连接, 并且旋转编码 器与下位机系统电连接, 旋转编码器用于向下位机系统反馈马达的转速和转角 数据。
[0010] 进一步的, 本发明的无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车, 还包括角度传感器和从 动轴, 所述从动轴竖直地设置在固定板上, 所述角度传感器与从动轴固定连接 , 并且角度传感器与下位机系统电连接, 角度传感器用于检测执行机构与小车 主体之间的夹角数据, 并将此数据通过下位机系统上传至上位机系统。
[0011] 进一步的, 本发明的无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车, 所述输入输出装置包括 触摸屏、 按钮、 遥控器、 声音输出设备和障碍物传感器, 所述触摸屏、 按钮、 声音输出设备和障碍物传感器分别与下位机系统电连接, 按钮用于启动或关闭 无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车, 声音输出设备用于提示无反射板激光自主导 航 AGV小车的内部状态数据, 所述障碍物传感器用于当无反射板激光自主导航 A GV小车碰到障碍物吋停止无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车的运行, 所述遥控器 与上位机系统或下位机系统通过无线连接, 遥控器用于控制无反射板激光自主 导航 AGV小车的运行。
[0012] 进一步的, 本发明的无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车, 所述上位机系统为工业 控制计算机或 MCU控制器中的一种。
[0013] 进一步的, 本发明的无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车, 所述下位机系统为 MC
U控制器或 PLC中的一种。
[0014] 进一步的, 本发明的无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车, 所述下位机系统集成在 上位机系统之中。
[0015] 与现有技术相比本发明的无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车有益效果为: 本发明 的无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车包括激光扫描仪和上位机系统, 上位机系统 在接收到激光扫描仪发送的电信号后对其进行处理, 建立原始地图并对其进行 限定, 去除非安全区域从而得到有效地图, 并保存在上位机系统中, 当设定好 目的点后, 上位机系统根据建立的地图进行路径规划, 找到一条到达目的地的 最短路径, 并据此最短路径向执行机构发送控制指令, 控制无反射板激光自主 导航 AGV小车的运行, 期间, 旋转编码器将和角度传感器将通过下位机系统向 上位机系统传送转速和角度等数据, 从而实现上位机系统的反馈控制, 进一步 调整执行机构中车轮的转速和身姿, 直至到达设定的目的地。 综上所述, 本发 明的无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车不需要像带反射板的激光导航 AGV小车那 样, 通过反射板反射的激光来计算自身所处的位置, 而是通过原始地图和有效 地图的建立, 实现自主导航。
[0016] 本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车的自动导航 方法, 以实现无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车的自动导航, 包括以下步骤:
[0017] A: 幵启无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车, 并将无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小 车设定为遥控模式;
[0018] B: 利用遥控器控制无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车在需要到达的区域内运行
, 当激光扫描仪扫描到物体吋, 激光扫描仪将反射回来的激光转换为电信号, 并发送至上位机系统;
[0019] C: 上位机系统对激光扫描仪发送过来的电信号进行处理, 并建立原始地图 , 将扫描到的物体轮廓用黑色线条表示在原始地图中, 直到无反射板激光自主 导航 AGV小车在需要到达的区域内运行一遍后, 原始地图建立完成, 上位机系 统将此原始地图进行保存;
[0020] D: 操作人员对原始地图作限定, 人工屏蔽有条件幵放的非安全区域, 从而得 到一个有效地图, 并将此有效地图保存在上位机系统中;
[0021] E: 操作人员在有效地图内设定无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车的起始点和目 标点, 并将无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车设定为自主模式;
[0022] F: 上位机系统进行路径规划, 规划出最短路径, 并发送控制指令及行走数据 给下位机系统;
[0023] 0: 下位机系统将控制指令发送至执行机构, 驱动无反射板激光自主导航 AGV 小车运行, 在此过程中, 旋转编码器将数据不断地发送给上位机系统, 由上位 机系统做 PID闭环控制, 直至到达设定的目的点并结束运行, 如果运行过程中, 无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车的激光扫描仪扫描到前方一定距离内有障碍物 则转步骤 H;
[0024] H: 上位机系统根据扫描到的障碍物信息对有效地图进行同步处理, 将障碍物 标记在有效地图中, 并对有效地图进行保存, 上位机系统根据同步过的有效地 图重新进行路径规划, 如果上位机系统计算得到无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小 车能够通过障碍物, 则转步骤 G, 否则转步骤 I;
[0025] I: 上位机系统停止无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车的运行, 直到障碍物离去 后, 转步骤 G。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0026] 与现有技术相比, 本发明的无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车的自动导航方法, 其有益效果为: 当无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车在运行的过程中遇到障碍物 吋, 上位机系统会将此障碍物以黑色的线条将其标记在原来的有效地图中, 从 而实现对有效地图的同步更新, 并重新规划至目的地的最短路径, 驱动无反射 板激光自主导航 AGV小车到达目的地, 从而增强了本发明的无反射板激光自主 导航 AGV小车的环境适应性, 综上所述, 通过执行无反射板激光自主导航 AGV 小车的自动导航方法中的各个步骤, 实现了无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车的 自动导航, 与靠反射板定位的激光导航 AGV小车相比, 外界对其自身的影响比 较小, 使其能适合各种各样的场合, 环境适应性更强。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0027] 图 1是本发明的无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车的主视示意图;
[0028] 图 2是本发明的无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车的结构框图;
[0029] 图 3是本发明的无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车的执行机构的主视示意图; [0030] 图 4是本发明的无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车自动导航方法的工作流程图。
[0031] 图中, 1 : 激光扫描仪; 2: 小车主体; 3: 执行机构; 4: 固定板; 5: 车轮 ; 6: 马达; 7: 驱动器; 8: 旋转编码器; 9: 角度传感器; 10: 从动轴。
实施该发明的最佳实施例
本发明的最佳实施方式
[0032] 下面结合附图和实施例, 对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。 以下实 施例用于说明本发明, 但不用来限制本发明的范围。
[0033] 如图 1至 3所示, 本发明的无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车, 包括激光扫描仪 1 、 小车主体 2、 上位机系统、 下位机系统、 执行机构 3和输入输出装置, 激光扫 描仪与上位机系统电连接, 激光扫描仪用于接收反射的激光, 并将此激光转换 为电信号传送给上位机系统;
[0034] 上位机系统与下位机系统电连接, 上位机系统根据激光扫描仪发送的电信号 构建地图, 并在此地图的基础上进行路径规划, 并向下位机系统发送控制指令 , 控制无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车的运行;
[0035] 输入输出装置与下位机系统连接, 输入输出装置用于接收操作人员发送的控制 指令和显示无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车内部的状态信息; 输入输出装置包 括触摸屏、 按钮、 遥控器、 声音输出设备和障碍物传感器, 触摸屏、 按钮、 声 音输出设备和障碍物传感器分别与下位机系统电连接, 按钮用于启动或关闭无 反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车, 声音输出设备用于提示无反射板激光自主导航 A GV小车的内部状态数据, 障碍物传感器用于当无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车 碰到障碍物吋停止无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车的运行, 遥控器与上位机系 统或下位机系统通过无线连接, 遥控器用于控制无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小 车的运行。
[0036] 执行机构可转动地连接在小车主体的下方, 执行机构用于驱动无反射板激光自 主导航 AGV小车运行。 执行机构包括固定板 4、 左执行机构和右执行机构, 左执 行机构和右执行机构分别设置在固定板的左侧和右侧, 执行机构中的每个执行 机构包括车轮 5、 马达 6、 驱动器 7和旋转编码器 8, 车轮的主轴与马达的主轴连 接, 左执行机构中的车轮和右执行机构中的车轮用于产生速度差, 并驱动执行 机构转弯, 从而带动小车主体运行, 马达与驱动器电连接, 驱动器与下位机系 统电连接, 驱动器用于驱动马达的运转, 旋转编码器的输入轴与马达的主轴连 接, 并且旋转编码器与下位机系统电连接, 旋转编码器用于向下位机系统反馈 马达的转速和转角数据。
[0037] 具体实施吋, 首先将无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车设定在遥控模式, 并由操 作人员通过遥控器控制无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车在需要运行的区域内运 行一遍, 在此过程中, 激光扫描仪不断地向周围发出激光, 并将物体反射的激 光转换为电信号, 并上传至上位机系统, 上位机系统在接收到激光扫描仪发送 的电信号后对其进行处理, 由发射激光到接受到反射激光之间的吋间, 以及激 光扫描仪的发送激光的角度信息即可推算出物体距无反射板激光自主导航 AGV 小车的具体位置, 上位机系统据此建立原始地图, 当无反射板激光自主导航 AG V小车运行完需要运行的区域后, 原始地图即建立完成。 随后操作人员可对原始 地图进行限定, 隔离非安全区域, 从而得到有效地图。 接着操作人员将无反射 板激光自主导航 AGV小车设定在自主模式, 并设定起始点后和目标点, 上位机 根据有效地图进行路径规划得出最短路径, 并发送控制指令至执行机构, 从而 控制无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车的运行。 期间, 旋转编码器将通过下位机 系统向上位机系统传送转速等数据, 从而实现上位机系统对执行机构的反馈控 制, 进一步调整执行机构中车轮的转速, 直至到达设定的目的地。 综上所述, 本发明的无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车无需反射板即可实现自主导航。
[0038] 作为优选, 本发明的无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车, 还包括角度传感器 9和 从动轴 10, 从动轴竖直地设置在固定板上, 角度传感器与从动轴固定连接, 并 且角度传感器与下位机系统电连接, 角度传感器用于检测执行机构与小车主体 之间的夹角数据, 并将此数据通过下位机系统上传至上位机系统。
[0039] 设置角度传感器, 使得上位机系统可从角度传感器发送的角度信息获取小车主 体相对于执行机构的相对位置即角度数据, 从而获取小车主体的轮廓信息, 避 免无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车在运行的过程中, 小车主体的轮廓与外界物 体或障碍物发生碰撞。
[0040] 作为优选, 本发明的无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车, 上位机系统为工业控制 计算机或 MCU控制器中的一种。 其中 MCU控制器即微控制单元, 包括 ARM、 单 片机等。
[0041] 作为优选, 本发明的无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车, 下位机系统为 MCU控 制器或 PLC中的一种。
[0042] 作为优选, 本发明的无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车, 下位机系统集成在上位 机系统之中。
[0043] 如图 4所示, 本发明的无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车的自动导航方法, 包括 以下步骤:
[0044] S101 : 启动无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车, 并将无反射板激光自主导航 AG
V小车设定为遥控模式;
[0045] S102: 利用遥控器控制无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车在需要到达的区域内运 行, 当激光扫描仪扫描到物体吋, 激光扫描仪将反射回来的激光转换为电信号
, 并发送至上位机系统;
[0046] S103: 上位机系统对激光扫描仪发送过来的电信号进行处理, 并建立原始地 图, 将扫描到的物体轮廓用黑色线条表示在原始地图中, 直到无反射板激光自 主导航 AGV小车在需要到达的区域内运行一遍后, 原始地图建立完成, 上位机 系统将此原始地图进行保存;
[0047] S104: 操作人员对原始地图作限定, 人工屏蔽有条件幵放的非安全区域, 从而 得到一个有效地图, 并将此有效地图保存在上位机系统中;
[0048] S105: 操作人员在有效地图内设定无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车的起始点和 目标点, 并将无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车设定为自主模式; [0049] S106: 上位机系统进行路径规划, 规划出最短路径, 并发送控制指令及行走数 据给下位机系统;
[0050] S107: 下位机系统将控制指令发送至执行机构, 驱动无反射板激光自主导航 A GV小车运行, 在此过程中, 旋转编码器将数据不断地发送给上位机系统, 由上 位机系统做 PID闭环控制, 直至到达设定的目的点并结束运行, 如果运行过程中 , 无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车的激光扫描仪扫描到前方一定距离内有障碍 物则转步骤 S 108;
[0051] S108: 上位机系统根据扫描到的障碍物信息对有效地图进行同步处理, 将障碍 物标记在有效地图中, 并对有效地图进行保存, 上位机系统根据同步过的有效 地图重新进行路径规划, 如果上位机系统计算得到无反射板激光自主导航 AGV 小车能够通过障碍物, 则转步骤 S107, 否则转步骤 S109;
[0052] S109: 上位机系统停止无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车的运行, 直到障碍物离 去后, 转步骤 S107。
[0053] 当无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车在运行的过程中遇到障碍物吋, 上位机系统 会将此障碍物以黑色的线条将其标记在原来的有效地图中, 从而实现对有效地 图的同步更新, 并重新规划至目的地的最短路径, 驱动无反射板激光自主导航 A GV小车到达目的地, 从而增强了本发明的无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车的环 境适应性, 综上, 通过执行无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车的自动导航方法中 的各个步骤, 实现了无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车的自动导航, 与靠反射板 定位的激光导航 AGV小车相比, 外界对其自身的影响比较小, 使其能适合各种 各样的场合, 环境适应性更强。
[0054] 以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式, 应当指出, 对于本技术领域的普通技术人员 来说, 在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下, 还可以做出若干改进和变型, 这些 改进和变型也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 一种无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车, 其特征在于, 包括激光扫 描仪、 小车主体、 上位机系统、 下位机系统、 执行机构和输入输 出装置, 所述激光扫描仪与上位机系统电连接, 激光扫描仪用于 接收反射的激光, 并将此激光转换为电信号传送给上位机系统; 所述上位机系统与下位机系统电连接, 上位机系统根据激光扫 描仪发送的电信号构建地图, 并在此地图的基础上进行路径规划 , 并向下位机系统发送控制指令, 控制无反射板激光自主导航 AG V小车的运行;
所述输入输出装置与下位机系统连接, 输入输出装置用于接收操 作人员发送的控制指令和显示无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车内 部的状态信息;
所述执行机构可转动地连接在小车主体的下方, 执行机构用于驱 动无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车运行。
[权利要求 2] 如权利要求 1所述的无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车, 其特征在于
, 所述执行机构包括固定板、 左执行机构和右执行机构, 所述左 执行机构和右执行机构分别设置在固定板的左侧和右侧, 所述执 行机构中的每个执行机构包括车轮、 马达、 驱动器和旋转编码器 , 所述车轮的主轴与马达的主轴连接, 左执行机构中的车轮和右 执行机构中的车轮用于产生速度差, 并驱动执行机构转弯, 从而 带动小车主体运行, 所述马达与驱动器电连接, 所述驱动器与下 位机系统电连接, 驱动器用于驱动马达的运转, 所述旋转编码器 的输入轴与马达的主轴连接, 并且旋转编码器与下位机系统电连 接, 旋转编码器用于向下位机系统反馈马达的转速和转角数据。
[权利要求 3] 如权利要求 2所述的无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车, 其特征在于
, 还包括角度传感器和从动轴, 所述从动轴竖直地设置在固定板 上, 所述角度传感器与从动轴固定连接, 并且角度传感器与下位 机系统电连接, 角度传感器用于检测执行机构与小车主体之间的 夹角数据, 并将此数据通过下位机系统上传至上位机系统。
[权利要求 4] 如权利要求 3所述的无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车, 其特征在于
, 所述输入输出装置包括触摸屏、 按钮、 遥控器、 声音输出设备 和障碍物传感器, 所述触摸屏、 按钮、 声音输出设备和障碍物传 感器分别与下位机系统电连接, 按钮用于启动或关闭无反射板激 光自主导航 AGV小车, 声音输出设备用于提示无反射板激光自主 导航 AGV小车的内部状态数据, 所述障碍物传感器用于当无反射 板激光自主导航 AGV小车碰到障碍物吋停止无反射板激光自主导 航 AGV小车的运行, 所述遥控器与上位机系统或下位机系统通过 无线连接, 遥控器用于控制无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车的运 行。
[权利要求 5] 如权利要求 4所述的无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车, 其特征在于
, 所述上位机系统为工业控制计算机或 MCU控制器中的一种。
[权利要求 6] 如权利要求 5所述的无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车, 其特征在于
, 所述下位机系统为 MCU控制器或 PLC中的一种。
[权利要求 7] 如权利要求 6所述的无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车, 其特征在于
, 所述下位机系统集成在上位机系统之中。
[权利要求 8] 如权利要求 7所述的无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车的自动导航方 法, 其特征在于, 包括以下步骤:
A: 幵启无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车, 并将无反射板激光自 主导航 AGV小车设定为遥控模式;
B: 利用遥控器控制无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车在需要到达 的区域内运行, 当激光扫描仪扫描到物体吋, 激光扫描仪将反射 回来的激光转换为电信号, 并发送至上位机系统;
C: 上位机系统对激光扫描仪发送过来的电信号进行处理, 并建 立原始地图, 将扫描到的物体轮廓用黑色线条表示在原始地图中 , 直到无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车在需要到达的区域内运行 一遍后, 原始地图建立完成, 上位机系统将此原始地图进行保存 D: 操作人员对原始地图作限定, 人工屏蔽有条件幵放的非安全区 域, 从而得到一个有效地图, 并将此有效地图保存在上位机系统 中;
E: 操作人员在有效地图内设定无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车的 起始点和目标点, 并将无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车设定为自 主模式;
F: 上位机系统进行路径规划, 规划出最短路径, 并发送控制指令 及行走数据给下位机系统;
0: 下位机系统将控制指令发送至执行机构, 驱动无反射板激光自 主导航 AGV小车运行, 在此过程中, 旋转编码器将数据不断地发 送给上位机系统, 由上位机系统做 PID闭环控制, 直至到达设定的 目的点并结束运行, 如果运行过程中, 无反射板激光自主导航 AG V小车的激光扫描仪扫描到前方一定距离内有障碍物则转步骤 H; H: 上位机系统根据扫描到的障碍物信息对有效地图进行同步处理 , 将障碍物标记在有效地图中, 并对有效地图进行保存, 上位机 系统根据同步过的有效地图重新进行路径规划, 如果上位机系统 计算得到无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车能够通过障碍物, 则转 步骤 G, 否则转步骤 I;
I: 上位机系统停止无反射板激光自主导航 AGV小车的运行, 直到 障碍物离去后, 转步骤 G。
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