WO2015101181A1 - 一种抑制骨传导扬声器漏音的方法及骨传导扬声器 - Google Patents

一种抑制骨传导扬声器漏音的方法及骨传导扬声器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015101181A1
WO2015101181A1 PCT/CN2014/094065 CN2014094065W WO2015101181A1 WO 2015101181 A1 WO2015101181 A1 WO 2015101181A1 CN 2014094065 W CN2014094065 W CN 2014094065W WO 2015101181 A1 WO2015101181 A1 WO 2015101181A1
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Prior art keywords
sound
bone conduction
outer casing
leakage
conduction speaker
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PCT/CN2014/094065
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
齐心
廖风云
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深圳市韶音科技有限公司
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Application filed by 深圳市韶音科技有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市韶音科技有限公司
Priority to KR1020227010046A priority Critical patent/KR102528291B1/ko
Priority to KR1020207032378A priority patent/KR102273627B1/ko
Priority to BR112016015742-7A priority patent/BR112016015742B1/pt
Priority to KR1020177013855A priority patent/KR102179023B1/ko
Priority to EP14877111.6A priority patent/EP3094103B1/en
Priority to KR1020177013834A priority patent/KR102186338B1/ko
Priority to US15/109,831 priority patent/US9729978B2/en
Priority to EP19195886.7A priority patent/EP3606089A1/en
Priority to DK14877111T priority patent/DK3094103T3/da
Priority to ES14877111T priority patent/ES2753428T3/es
Priority to KR1020217020234A priority patent/KR102380830B1/ko
Priority to JP2016545828A priority patent/JP6282749B2/ja
Priority to PL14877111T priority patent/PL3094103T3/pl
Priority to KR1020167017110A priority patent/KR101900661B1/ko
Publication of WO2015101181A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015101181A1/zh
Priority to US15/650,909 priority patent/US10149071B2/en
Priority to US16/180,020 priority patent/US10334372B2/en
Priority to US16/419,049 priority patent/US10616696B2/en
Priority to US16/813,915 priority patent/US10848878B2/en
Priority to US17/074,762 priority patent/US11197106B2/en
Priority to US17/075,655 priority patent/US11304011B2/en
Priority to US17/074,713 priority patent/US11297446B2/en
Priority to US17/169,616 priority patent/US11533571B2/en
Priority to US17/170,874 priority patent/US11363392B2/en
Priority to US17/170,801 priority patent/US11483666B2/en
Priority to US17/169,751 priority patent/US11533572B2/en
Priority to US17/171,987 priority patent/US11582565B2/en
Priority to US17/171,180 priority patent/US11582563B2/en
Priority to US17/170,904 priority patent/US11375324B2/en
Priority to US17/170,925 priority patent/US11418895B2/en
Priority to US17/172,040 priority patent/US11570556B2/en
Priority to US17/170,913 priority patent/US11368800B2/en
Priority to US17/170,954 priority patent/US11706574B2/en
Priority to US17/170,931 priority patent/US11368801B2/en
Priority to US17/171,207 priority patent/US11582564B2/en
Priority to US17/172,007 priority patent/US11617045B2/en
Priority to US17/172,063 priority patent/US11558698B2/en
Priority to US17/218,326 priority patent/US11622209B2/en
Priority to US17/219,839 priority patent/US11589171B2/en
Priority to US17/219,871 priority patent/US11950055B2/en
Priority to US17/219,879 priority patent/US11627419B2/en
Priority to US17/219,859 priority patent/US11589172B2/en
Priority to US17/219,849 priority patent/US11974097B2/en
Priority to US17/219,896 priority patent/US20210219074A1/en
Priority to US17/219,882 priority patent/US11832060B2/en
Priority to US17/219,888 priority patent/US11805375B2/en
Priority to US17/241,041 priority patent/US11463823B2/en
Priority to US17/455,927 priority patent/US11622211B2/en
Priority to US17/656,220 priority patent/US11622212B2/en
Priority to US17/656,217 priority patent/US11546701B2/en
Priority to US17/804,850 priority patent/US11632636B2/en
Priority to US17/804,611 priority patent/US11659341B2/en
Priority to US17/807,154 priority patent/US11632637B2/en
Priority to US17/823,951 priority patent/US11638105B2/en
Priority to US18/060,962 priority patent/US20230096660A1/en
Priority to US18/151,404 priority patent/US20230145673A1/en
Priority to US18/151,447 priority patent/US20230164497A1/en
Priority to US18/154,022 priority patent/US20230156412A1/en
Priority to US18/187,652 priority patent/US20230232166A1/en
Priority to US18/187,693 priority patent/US11917373B2/en
Priority to US18/188,491 priority patent/US20230232168A1/en
Priority to US18/305,368 priority patent/US20230262399A1/en
Priority to US18/308,760 priority patent/US20230269547A1/en
Priority to US18/349,118 priority patent/US20230353956A1/en
Priority to US18/349,116 priority patent/US20230353955A1/en
Priority to US18/349,115 priority patent/US20230353954A1/en
Priority to US18/356,200 priority patent/US20230362556A1/en
Priority to US18/357,092 priority patent/US20230362557A1/en
Priority to US18/357,098 priority patent/US20230362558A1/en
Priority to US18/361,807 priority patent/US20230370791A1/en
Priority to US18/361,844 priority patent/US20230379639A1/en
Priority to US18/366,104 priority patent/US20230379640A1/en
Priority to US18/446,452 priority patent/US20230388722A1/en
Priority to US18/447,280 priority patent/US20230388723A1/en
Priority to US18/468,676 priority patent/US20240007804A1/en
Priority to US18/472,180 priority patent/US20240015452A1/en
Priority to US18/472,580 priority patent/US20240015454A1/en
Priority to US18/472,442 priority patent/US20240015453A1/en
Priority to US18/473,206 priority patent/US20240015455A1/en
Priority to US18/488,960 priority patent/US20240048921A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2869—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself
    • H04R1/2884—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself by means of the enclosure structure, i.e. strengthening or shape of the enclosure
    • H04R1/2888—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself by means of the enclosure structure, i.e. strengthening or shape of the enclosure for loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R25/00—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
    • H04R25/50—Customised settings for obtaining desired overall acoustical characteristics
    • H04R25/505—Customised settings for obtaining desired overall acoustical characteristics using digital signal processing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/18—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
    • G10K11/26—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K9/00—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers
    • G10K9/12—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated
    • G10K9/13—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated using electromagnetic driving means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K9/00—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers
    • G10K9/18—Details, e.g. bulbs, pumps, pistons, switches or casings
    • G10K9/22—Mountings; Casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
    • H04R1/2811—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements for loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • H04R9/066—Loudspeakers using the principle of inertia
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • G10K2210/30—Means
    • G10K2210/321—Physical
    • G10K2210/3216—Cancellation means disposed in the vicinity of the source
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2869—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself
    • H04R1/2876—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself by means of damping material, e.g. as cladding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R17/00—Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2400/00—Loudspeakers
    • H04R2400/11—Aspects regarding the frame of loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2460/00—Details of hearing devices, i.e. of ear- or headphones covered by H04R1/10 or H04R5/033 but not provided for in any of their subgroups, or of hearing aids covered by H04R25/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2460/13—Hearing devices using bone conduction transducers

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to a bone conduction device technology, and more particularly to a method for suppressing leakage of a bone conduction speaker and a bone conduction speaker capable of suppressing leakage.
  • a bone conduction speaker also called a vibration speaker, which stimulates the auditory nerves in the cochlea by generating mechanical vibrations having the same frequency and corresponding amplitude as the sound signal, thereby stimulating the auditory nerves in the cochlea, allowing the human to hear the sound
  • the bone conduction speaker is also Called bone conduction headphones.
  • the structure is as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, and generally includes an open-ended housing 110, a vibration panel 121, a transducer 122, and a connector 123.
  • the transducer device 122 is a component that effects electrical signal conversion to mechanical vibration.
  • the vibrating panel 121 is fixedly connected to the transducing device 122, and is synchronously vibrated by the transducing device 122.
  • the vibrating panel 121 protrudes from the opening of the outer casing 110 to fit the human skin, and the vibration is transmitted to the auditory nerve through the human tissue and the bone, so that the human hears the sound.
  • a connector 123 is disposed between the transducer 122 and the housing 110 for positioning the vibrating transducer 122 in the housing. In order to minimize the constraints on the vibration of the transducer 122, the connector 123 is typically made of a resilient material.
  • the mechanical vibration of the transducer device 122 not only drives the vibration of the vibration panel 121, but also conducts to the outer casing 110 through the connecting member 123, so that the outer casing 110 also vibrates. Therefore, the mechanical vibration generated by the bone conduction speaker can push the human tissue, and can also push the air in the portion where the vibration panel 121 and the outer casing 110 are not in contact with the human tissue, thereby generating air sound. This air sound is a leak. "leaked sound" It is harmless in some applications; however, in some applications, such as when people want to protect privacy when communicating with bone conduction speakers, or when they want to listen to music without disturbing others, they do not want to have a leak. presence.
  • a double-shell and dual-magnetic structure bone conduction speaker is disclosed in Korean Patent KR10-2009-0082999.
  • the speaker provided in this patent is as shown in FIG. 2, and includes: a first housing 210 that is open at the upper portion; and a second housing 220 that is spaced apart from the outside of the first housing 210 and surrounds the first housing 210.
  • the first housing 210 houses therein a movable coil 230 capable of inputting an electric signal, an inner magnetic member 240 and an outer magnetic member 250, and a double magnetic field is formed therebetween, and the movable coil 230 is placed in a magnetic field to attract Vibrating under the action of force and repulsive force; vibrating plate 260 connected to movable coil 230, capable of receiving vibration of movable coil 230; and vibration unit connected from outside of vibrating plate 260 to contact mechanical vibration on user's skin 270.
  • the solution provided by the patent encloses the second casing 220 outside the first casing 210 in order to block the vibration of the first casing 210 from being diffused outward by the second casing 220, thereby reducing the leakage sound to some extent.
  • this solution inevitably causes the second housing 220 to vibrate due to the fixed connection between the second housing 220 and the first housing 210, thereby making it difficult for the second housing 220 to achieve a better sealing effect.
  • the effect of actually reducing the leakage is poor.
  • the second housing 220 also increases the overall volume and weight of the speaker, which not only leads to an increase in cost, but also increases the complexity of the assembly process and reduces the consistency and reliability of the speaker.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for suppressing leakage of a bone conduction speaker and a bone conduction speaker capable of suppressing leakage to effectively reduce leakage of a bone conduction speaker.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for suppressing leakage of a bone conduction speaker, including:
  • a bone conduction speaker having a vibration panel, a transducer device and a housing that conforms to human skin and transmits vibration, wherein at least one sound hole is provided in at least a portion of the housing;
  • the transducer device drives the vibration panel to vibrate
  • the outer casing also vibrates with the transducer and pushes the outside air to form a sound leaking sound propagating in the air;
  • the acoustic waves in the casing formed by pushing the air inside the casing are led out from the sounding holes to the outside of the casing, and interfere with the sound leakage sound waves to suppress the leakage of the bone conduction speaker.
  • the sound introducing holes are provided at an upper portion, a middle portion, and/or a lower portion of a side wall of the outer casing, and/or a bottom portion of the outer casing.
  • a sound absorbing layer is provided in front of the sound introducing hole to adjust the phase and amplitude of the sound wave.
  • different sound holes are disposed to have the same phase to suppress sound waves of the same wavelength; or different sound holes are different between the sound holes. Phase to suppress sound waves of different wavelengths.
  • different portions of the same sound hole are disposed to have the same phase to suppress sound waves of the same wavelength; or, between different portions of the same sound hole, are provided to have Different phases to suppress sound waves of different wavelengths.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a bone conduction speaker including a housing, a vibration panel, and a transducer, wherein:
  • the transducer device is configured to generate vibration and is housed inside the outer casing;
  • the vibration panel is used to fit the skin and transmit vibration
  • At least one sound introducing hole is defined in at least a portion of the outer casing, and preferably, the sound guiding hole is The sound waves in the casing formed by vibrating the air inside the casing are taken out to the outside of the casing, and interfere with the sound leakage sound generated by the casing vibration to push the air outside the casing to reduce the amplitude of the sound leakage sound.
  • the outer casing has a side wall and a bottom wall, and the sound introducing hole is opened in a side wall and/or a bottom wall of the outer casing.
  • the sound hole is opened at an upper portion and/or a lower portion of the side wall of the outer casing.
  • the side wall of the outer casing is cylindrical, and the number of sound introducing holes formed in the side wall of the outer casing is at least two, and the circumferential circumferential direction is uniform or non-uniform.
  • the outer casing can also have other shapes.
  • the number of the sound introducing holes opened in the bottom wall of the outer casing is at least two, and the center of the bottom wall is centered and uniformly distributed in a ring shape; and/or the outer casing
  • the sound hole of the bottom wall is a hole located at the center of the bottom wall.
  • the sound hole is a through hole; or a damping layer is provided at an opening of the sound hole.
  • the difference between the different sound holes or between different portions of the same sound hole is set to have different or the same phase difference.
  • the damping layer is a tuning paper, a tuning cotton, a nonwoven fabric, a silk, a cotton cloth, a sponge or a rubber.
  • the shape of the sound hole is circular, elliptical, Rectangular or elongated; a plurality of the sound holes are arranged to have the same shape or different shapes.
  • the transducer device includes a magnetic component and a voice coil, or the transducer device includes a piezoelectric ceramic.
  • the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention utilizes the principle of acoustic wave interference, and the sound sound wave in the bone conduction speaker casing is taken out of the shell by opening the sound introducing hole in the outer casing, and interferes with the sound leakage sound generated by the vibration of the outer casing to reduce the amplitude.
  • the solution not only suppresses the effect of leakage, but also achieves simplicity, does not increase the volume and weight of the bone conduction speaker, and hardly increases the product cost.
  • FIG. 1A and 1B are schematic structural views of a bone conduction speaker in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of another bone conduction speaker in the prior art
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an acoustic interference principle applied to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B are schematic structural views of a bone conduction speaker according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • 4C is a physical model of a bone conduction speaker according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • 4D is a diagram showing the effect of suppressing sound leakage of a bone conduction speaker according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an equal-tone curve applied to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method for suppressing leakage of a bone conduction speaker according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7A and 7B are schematic diagrams showing the structure of a bone conduction speaker according to a third embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7C is a diagram showing the effect of suppressing leakage of a bone conduction speaker according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention
  • FIG. 8A and 8B are schematic diagrams showing the structure of a bone conduction speaker according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 8C is a diagram showing the effect of suppressing leakage of a bone conduction speaker according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention
  • FIGS. 9A and 9B are schematic diagrams showing the structure of a bone conduction speaker according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 9C is a diagram showing the effect of suppressing leakage of a bone conduction speaker according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention
  • FIGS. 10A and 10B are schematic diagrams showing the structure of a bone conduction speaker according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention
  • FIG. 10C is a diagram showing the effect of suppressing leakage of a bone conduction speaker according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention
  • FIG. 11A and 11B are schematic diagrams showing the structure of a bone conduction speaker according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention
  • FIG. 11C is a diagram showing the effect of suppressing sound leakage of the bone conduction speaker according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention
  • FIGS. 12A and 12B are schematic structural views of a bone conduction speaker according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 13A and 13B are schematic diagrams showing the structure of a bone conduction speaker according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention.
  • 210 a first housing
  • 220 a second housing
  • 230 a movable coil
  • 240 an inner magnetic member
  • 250 an outer magnetic member
  • 260 a vibrating plate
  • 270 a vibration unit
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an acoustic interference principle applied to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Two important parameters of sound waves The number is frequency and amplitude, and two sound waves of the same frequency interfere in space, that is, the amplitudes of the two sound waves are superimposed on each other.
  • the frequencies of the two sound sources are the same.
  • the sound waves from two sound sources may meet at a certain point A in space.
  • the in-phase amplitudes are added to each other at point A, so that the acoustic signal at point A increases. Conversely, if the phase is opposite at point A, the inverse amplitudes are subtracted from each other, so that the acoustic signal at point A decreases.
  • the present invention applies the above-described principle of acoustic wave interference to a bone conduction speaker, and proposes a bone conduction speaker capable of reducing leakage.
  • the bone conduction speaker includes a housing 10, a vibration panel 21, and a transducer device 22.
  • the transducer device 22 is configured to generate vibration and is housed inside the outer casing 10; at least a portion of the outer casing 10 is provided with at least one sound introducing hole 30 for the outer casing
  • the acoustic wave in the casing formed by the internal air vibration is taken out to the outside of the casing 10, and interferes with the sound leakage sound generated by the casing 10 vibrating to push the air outside the casing to reduce the amplitude of the sound leakage sound.
  • the technical solution of the embodiment can be applied to various bone conduction speakers having a typical structure.
  • the transducer device 22 of the bone conduction speaker is a component that can convert an electrical signal to mechanical vibration based on a certain principle. Commonly, if an audio electric signal is input into the voice coil, the voice coil is placed in a magnetic field, and the voice coil can be driven by electromagnetic action. Alternatively, the transducer device 22 can be fabricated using the piezoelectric ceramic principle to convert the electrical signal into a shape change of the ceramic component to generate vibration.
  • the vibrating panel 21 is fixedly coupled to the transducing device 22, and is synchronously vibrated by the transducing device 22.
  • the vibrating panel 21 protrudes from the opening of the outer casing 10 to the outer casing 10 to fit the human skin. Vibration is transmitted to the auditory nerve through human tissue and bones, allowing people to hear sound.
  • a connecting member 23 can be connected to position the vibrating transducer 22 in the housing 10.
  • the connector 23 can be one or more separate components or can be integrally formed with the transducer 22 or the housing 10.
  • the connecting member 23 is usually made of an elastic material.
  • the transducer device 22 drives the vibration panel 21 to vibrate.
  • the transducer device 22 itself is also a vibration source that is housed inside the outer casing 10.
  • the surface of the transducer device 22 vibrates to cause the air in the casing to vibrate, and the generated sound waves are inside the outer casing 10, which may be referred to as sound waves in the casing.
  • the vibration panel 21 and the transducer device 22 are positioned on the outer casing 10 through the connecting member 23, and vibration is inevitably applied to the outer casing 10 to drive the outer casing 10 to vibrate synchronously. Therefore, the outer casing 10 pushes the air vibration outside the casing to form a sound leaking sound wave. .
  • the leaking sound waves propagate outward, forming a leak.
  • the acoustic and leaking sound waves in the shell correspond to the two sound sources shown in FIG.
  • a sound introducing hole 30 is formed in the wall surface of the outer casing, and the sound wave in the shell can be guided and propagated to the outside of the shell, and propagates in the air together with the sound leaking sound wave, and interference occurs, thereby reducing the sound sound wave.
  • the amplitude, that is, the leakage is reduced. Therefore, the technical solution of the embodiment solves the problem of leakage sound to some extent by opening a sound hole on the outer casing, and does not increase the volume and weight of the bone conduction speaker.
  • the sound introducing hole 30 is exemplarily disposed at the upper portion of the side wall height, that is, a portion from the top (vibration panel) to the height of the side wall height direction by 1/3.
  • FIG. 4C is a physical model of a bone conduction speaker according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the simplified structure of the bone conduction speaker is as shown in the foregoing embodiment, and the structure thereof can be further abstracted into a mechanical component, as shown in the figure, on the side wall of the outer casing 10 and
  • the connecting member 23 between the vibrating panels 21 can be abstracted as a parallel elastic element and resistance
  • the connection between the vibrating panel 21 and the transducer device 22 can be abstracted as the connection relationship of the elastic members 24.
  • the S opening is an opening area of the sound introducing hole
  • the S outer casing is an outer surface of the outer surface not in contact with the human face
  • P a , P b , P c , and P e are the sound pressures generated by the a-plane, the b-plane, the c-plane, and the e-plane at any point in the inner space of the shell, respectively.
  • ⁇ the angular frequency of vibration (the same below),
  • P a resistance , P b resistance , P c resistance , and P e resistance are the acoustic impedance of the air itself, respectively:
  • r is the acoustic damping per unit length
  • r' is the acoustic mass per unit length
  • z a is the distance from the observation point to the a-plane sound source
  • z b is the distance from the observation point to the b-plane sound source
  • z c is The distance from the observation point to the c-plane sound source
  • z e is the distance from the observation point to the e-surface sound source.
  • W a (x, y), W b (x, y), W c (x, y), W e (x, y), W d (x, y) are a, b, c, e, d, respectively
  • the sound source intensity per unit area can be derived from the following formula group (11):
  • F is the driving force converted by the transducer
  • F a , F b , F c , F d , and F e are driving forces other than a, b, c, d, and e, respectively.
  • S d is the outer shell (d surface) area
  • L is the equivalent load of the face when the vibrating plate acts on the face.
  • ⁇ is the energy dissipated on the elastic element 2
  • k 1 and k 2 are the elastic coefficients of the elastic member 1 and the elastic member 2, respectively.
  • the sound pressure generated by the vibration of the casing is:
  • P a, P b, P c , P e is a function of the position of all, when we took a position in the housing opening, when the opening area S of the opening, the sound pressures at the openings of the total effect Pds.
  • Pd ds is an amount that we can't adjust, then adjust Pds, make it P d ds offset.
  • the Pds contains complete phase and amplitude information, its phase, amplitude and shell size of the bone conduction speaker, the vibration frequency of the transducer, the opening position, shape, number and size of the sound hole and whether there is damping on the hole. Close relationship, which allows us to suppress the sound leakage by adjusting the position, shape and number of the sound hole and/or increasing the damping and/or adjusting the damping material.
  • the above formula derived by the inventors is only applicable to the bone conduction speaker.
  • the air in the air chamber of the conventional air conduction earphone can be regarded as a whole, and its phase is insensitive to the position, which is fundamentally different from the bone conduction speaker, and therefore the air conduction speaker cannot be applied to the above formula.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an equal-tone curve applied to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the abscissa is frequency and the ordinate is sound pressure level.
  • the sound pressure is the change caused by the atmospheric pressure being disturbed, that is, the residual pressure of atmospheric pressure, which is equivalent to the pressure change caused by superimposing a disturbance on the atmospheric pressure, so the sound pressure can reflect the amplitude of the sound wave.
  • the sound pressure levels corresponding to different frequencies on each curve in Fig. 5 are different, but the strong and weak responses felt by the human ear are the same, and each curve is marked with a number indicating the loudness of the curve.
  • the human ear is not sensitive to high and low frequency sounds, and when the volume is large, it is more sensitive to high and low frequency sounds.
  • the speaker is more focused on the range of the mid-bass band, such as 1000 Hz to 4000 Hz, more preferably, 1000 Hz to 4000 Hz, or 1000 Hz to 3500 Hz, more preferably, 1000 Hz to 3000 Hz, or 1500 Hz to 3000 Hz. Leakage in this frequency range is the primary object to be eliminated.
  • Figure 4D shows the effect of suppressing the leakage sound (the numerical calculation is close to the measured result in the above band). It is selected, for example, as a cylindrical outer casing 30, which may have a side wall and a bottom wall. 4A and 4B, which is only a preferred example, the outer casing 10 has a cylindrical shape with a radius of 22 mm and a side wall height of 14 mm. The sound introducing hole 30 is opened at the upper side of the side wall of the outer casing 10, and has a shape. It is rectangular and has a plurality of numbers and is evenly distributed on the side wall of the outer casing 10.
  • the target area of the bottom wall of the outer casing 10 is set to be 50 cm away from the target area where the sound leakage is to be eliminated, and the distance from the sound wave transmitted to the target area is transmitted to the surface of the acoustic wave self-transducing device 22 through the sound introducing hole 30 to the target area. The distance between them is close to 180 degrees. With this arrangement, the sound leakage sound generated by the bottom wall of the outer casing 10 can be significantly reduced or even eliminated in the area to be eliminated.
  • the leakage is reduced by an average of about 10 dB after the sound hole is opened.
  • the suppressed leakage sound is substantially over 10 dB.
  • the leakage sound is reduced by more than 20 dB than the scheme in which the sound introducing hole is not opened.
  • the sound introducing hole 30 may be opened to the side wall 11 and/or the bottom wall 12 of the outer casing according to different requirements for the installation position.
  • the sound introducing holes 30 are opened at an upper portion and/or a lower portion of the side wall 11 of the casing.
  • the number of sound introducing holes formed in the side wall 11 of the outer casing may be at least two, preferably uniformly distributed in an annular circumferential direction.
  • the number of sound introducing holes formed in the bottom wall 12 of the outer casing may be at least two, and the center of the bottom wall is centered and uniformly distributed in a ring shape.
  • the sounding holes distributed in a ring shape may be provided at least one turn.
  • the number of sound holes provided in the bottom wall 12 of the casing may be only one, and the sound hole is provided at the center of the bottom wall 12.
  • the sounding holes may be one or more, preferably a plurality, and evenly arranged.
  • the number of sound-inducing holes per turn can be, for example, 6-8.
  • the shape of the sound hole may be circular, elliptical, rectangular or elongated. Long strips generally refer to strips along a line, curve, or arc. Sound holes of various shapes may be the same or different on a bone conduction speaker.
  • the side walls of the outer casing may not be cylindrical, and the plurality of sound introducing holes may be non-uniformly distributed, but may be disposed as needed.
  • the shape, number and placement of the sounding holes can be combined in a variety of ways, and some other preferred embodiments are provided below in conjunction with the drawings.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a method for suppressing leakage of a bone conduction speaker according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method is applicable to the sound leakage suppression in the bone conduction speaker provided by the embodiments of the present invention, and the method includes:
  • Step 1 Providing a bone conduction speaker having a vibration panel 21 that conforms to human skin and transmits vibration, a transducer device 22, and a housing 10, wherein at least one sounding is provided in at least a portion of the housing 10. Hole 30;
  • Step 2 the transducer device 22 drives the vibration panel 21 to vibrate
  • Step 3 The outer casing 10 also vibrates with the transducer 22 and pushes the outside air to form a sound leaking sound propagating in the air;
  • Step 4 The sound waves in the casing formed by pushing the air in the casing are led out from the sound introducing hole 30 to the outside of the casing 10, and interfere with the sound leakage sound waves to suppress the sound leakage of the bone conduction speaker.
  • the formula and method in the first embodiment are preferably used to determine the effect of the sound leakage, thereby designing the position of the sound hole.
  • a damping layer is provided in front of the sound introducing hole 30 to adjust the phase and amplitude of the sound wave.
  • different sound holes are disposed to have the same phase to suppress sound waves of the same wavelength; or different sound holes are arranged to have different phases, Suppresses sound waves of different wavelengths.
  • different portions of the same sound hole are disposed to have the same phase to suppress sound waves of the same wavelength; or, different portions of the same sound hole are disposed to have different Phase to suppress sound waves of different wavelengths.
  • the acoustic waves in the casing may be processed to be substantially equal in magnitude to the sound of the sound leakage, and the phases are substantially opposite, so that the leakage sound is further reduced.
  • FIG. 7A and 7B are schematic structural views of a bone conduction speaker according to a third embodiment of the present invention, and the present embodiment
  • the bone conduction speaker provided by the example includes an opening-like housing 10, a vibration panel 21, and a transducer device 22.
  • the outer casing 10 has a cylindrical shape, and a sound introducing hole 30 is formed through a lower portion of the side wall of the outer casing 10 (a portion having a height from the height of the side wall of 2/3 to the bottom).
  • the number of the sound introducing holes 30 is, for example, eight, and the shape is, for example, a rectangular shape, and the sound introducing holes 30 are uniformly distributed in a ring shape on the side wall of the outer casing 10.
  • the transducer is preferably implemented based on the principle of electromagnetic conversion, including components such as a magnetizer and a voice coil, which can be housed inside the housing to produce synchronous vibration of the same frequency.
  • Figure 7C shows the effect of suppressing the leakage.
  • the simple analysis shows that the leakage reduction value is higher than 5dB in the spectrum range of 1400Hz ⁇ 4000Hz. In the frequency range of 2250Hz ⁇ 2500Hz, the leakage suppression effect is the most significant, and the value is reduced. Above 20dB.
  • the bone conduction speaker provided in the embodiment includes an open casing 10, a vibration panel 21 and a transducer device 22.
  • the outer casing 10 has a cylindrical shape, and a sound introducing hole 30 is formed in a middle portion of the side wall of the outer casing 10 (a portion having a height of 1/3 of the side wall height to a height of 2/3).
  • the number of the sound introducing holes 30 is eight, and the shape is a rectangle, and the sound introducing holes 30 are uniformly distributed in a ring shape on the side wall of the outer casing 10.
  • the transducer is preferably implemented based on the principle of electromagnetic conversion, including components such as a magnetizer and a voice coil, which can be housed inside the housing to produce synchronous vibration of the same frequency.
  • Figure 8C shows the effect of eliminating leakage.
  • the simple analysis is summarized.
  • the suppression effect of the leakage is obvious.
  • the leakage reduction value exceeds 10dB, at 2200Hz ⁇ 2500Hz.
  • the leakage suppression effect is most significant, and the reduction value is higher than 20 dB.
  • the scheme has a balanced effect of reducing leakage in each frequency band, but reduces the leakage effect.
  • the best frequency band is consistent with the scheme of the third embodiment.
  • FIGS. 9A and 9B are schematic diagrams showing the structure of a bone conduction speaker according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • the bone conduction speaker provided in this embodiment includes an opening shell 10, a vibration panel 21, and a transducer device 22.
  • the outer casing 10 has a cylindrical shape, and a sound introducing hole 30 is formed in the circumferential direction of the bottom wall of the outer casing 10.
  • the number of the sound introducing holes 30 is, for example, eight, and the shape is, for example, a rectangular shape, and the sound introducing holes 30 are uniformly distributed in a ring shape on the bottom wall of the outer casing 10.
  • the transducer is preferably implemented based on the principle of electromagnetic conversion, including components such as a magnetizer and a voice coil, which can be housed inside the housing to produce synchronous vibration of the same frequency.
  • Figure 9C shows the effect of suppressing the leakage.
  • the simple analysis is summarized. In the range of 1000 Hz to 3000 Hz, the suppression effect of the leakage is obvious. In the range of 1700 Hz to 2700 Hz, the leakage reduction value exceeds 10 dB, at 2200 Hz to 2400 Hz. In the frequency band, the leakage suppression effect is most significant, and the reduction value is higher than 20 dB.
  • the effect of reducing the sound leakage in each frequency band is relatively balanced, but the frequency band with the best effect of reducing the sound leakage is consistent with the third embodiment.
  • the effect of reducing the sound leakage is similar to that of the fourth embodiment, which is superior to the third embodiment, but at 2200 Hz to 4000 Hz, the leakage reduction effect of this embodiment is significantly inferior to the fourth embodiment and the embodiment. three.
  • FIGS. 10A and 10B are schematic diagrams showing the structure of a bone conduction speaker according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • the bone conduction speaker provided by the embodiment includes an open shell 10, a vibrating panel 21, and a transducer 22.
  • the sound introducing holes 30 are formed in the upper portion and the lower portion of the side wall of the outer casing 10, respectively.
  • the sound introducing holes 30 are uniformly distributed in an annular shape at the upper and lower portions of the side wall of the outer casing 10, and the number of the sound introducing holes 30 per ring is eight.
  • the sound introducing holes 30 provided at the upper and lower portions are symmetrically disposed with respect to the middle section of the outer casing 10.
  • Each of the sound introducing holes 30 has a circular shape.
  • the shape of the sound-inducing holes in the upper and lower portions of the side wall may be different, and the inner damping layer may be set to suppress sound waves of the same wavelength (frequency), or may be suppressed by sound waves of different wavelengths.
  • FIG. 10C is a diagram showing the effect of suppressing the leakage of the embodiment.
  • the simple analysis summarizes that in the spectrum range of 1000 Hz to 4000 Hz, the suppression effect of the leakage is obvious in this embodiment; in the range of 1600 Hz to 2700 Hz, the leakage reduction value exceeds 15dB, in the frequency band of 2000Hz ⁇ 2500Hz, the leakage suppression effect is the most significant, the reduction value is higher than 20dB.
  • the effect of reducing the sound leakage in each frequency band is relatively balanced, and the effect is superior to the single height opening method of the third, fourth and fifth embodiments.
  • FIGS. 11A and 11B are schematic diagrams showing the structure of a bone conduction speaker according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
  • the bone conduction speaker provided in this embodiment includes an opening shell 10, a vibration panel 21, and a transducer device 22.
  • the sound introducing holes 30 are formed in the upper and lower portions of the side wall of the outer casing 10 and the bottom wall of the outer casing 10, respectively.
  • the sound introducing holes 30 formed in the side walls are uniformly distributed in an annular shape at the upper and lower portions of the side wall of the outer casing 10, and the number of each ring is eight, and the sound introducing holes 30 provided at the upper and lower portions are symmetrically disposed with respect to the middle section of the outer casing 10.
  • Each of the sound introducing holes 30 opened in the side wall has a rectangular shape.
  • the shape of the sound introducing hole 30 formed in the bottom wall is an elongated strip shape along an arc, and the number is four, and the center of the bottom wall is uniformly distributed in a ring shape.
  • the sound introducing hole 30 opened in the bottom wall further includes a circular through hole opened at the center.
  • FIG. 11C is a diagram showing the effect of suppressing the leakage of the embodiment.
  • the simple analysis and summarization show that the scheme has a significant effect on suppressing the leakage in the frequency range of 1000 Hz to 4000 Hz; in the range of 1300 Hz to 3000 Hz, the value of the leakage reduction exceeds 10dB, in the frequency band of 2000Hz ⁇ 2700Hz, the leakage suppression effect is the most significant, and the reduction value is higher than 20dB.
  • the scheme has relatively balanced effects of reducing leakage in each frequency band, and the effect is superior to the single height opening schemes of the third, fourth and fifth embodiments.
  • the effect of the embodiment is superior to the sixth embodiment in suppressing the sound leakage in the frequency bands of 1000 Hz to 1700 Hz and 2500 Hz to 4000 Hz.
  • FIGS. 12A and 12 are schematic structural views of a bone conduction speaker according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
  • the bone conduction speaker provided in this embodiment includes an opening-like housing 10, a vibration panel 21, and a transducer device 22.
  • a sound-inducing hole 30 is formed in the upper portion of the side wall of the outer casing 10, and is uniformly distributed in the upper portion of the side wall of the outer casing 10 in an annular shape, for example, eight. Different from the third embodiment, the sound introduction in this embodiment is The shape of the hole 30 is circular.
  • the eighth embodiment is substantially the same as the first embodiment, and can effectively suppress the leakage sound.
  • FIGS. 13A and 13B are schematic diagrams showing the structure of a bone conduction speaker according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention.
  • the bone conduction speaker provided in this embodiment includes an opening-like housing 10, a vibration panel 21, and a transducer device 22.
  • the sound introducing holes 30 are uniformly distributed in the upper portion, the middle portion, and the lower portion of the side wall 11, and the bottom wall 12 of the outer casing 10 is also circumferentially opened. Circle the sound hole 30.
  • the aperture size and the number of holes of each sound introducing hole 30 are the same.
  • the effect of reducing the sound leakage in each frequency band is relatively balanced, and the effect is better than the single height opening method of the third, fourth and fifth embodiments.
  • the sound introducing hole 30 may be an unobstructed through hole.
  • a damping layer (not shown in the drawings of the specification) may be provided at the opening of the sound introducing hole 30 to adjust the phase and amplitude of the sound wave, thereby Correct the effect of the sound waves in the guide shell.
  • the material selection and setting position of the damping layer can be variously.
  • the damping layer is a material that has a certain damping on the sound quality conduction, such as tuning paper, tuning cotton, non-woven fabric, silk, cotton cloth, sponge or rubber.
  • a damping layer is attached to the inner wall of the sound introducing hole 30, or a damping layer or the like is disposed outside the opening of the sound introducing hole 30.
  • the damping layer is disposed to have the same phase difference between different sounding holes to suppress the leakage of the same wavelength, or set to be different for the sounding, corresponding to different sounding holes.
  • the holes (30) have different phase differences between them to suppress leakage of different wavelengths (i.e., leakage of a specific band).
  • different portions of the same sound introducing hole (30) are disposed to have the same phase (for example, using a pre-designed stepped or stepped damping layer) to suppress sound waves of the same wavelength; or Between different parts of the same sound hole (30), it is set to have different phases to suppress sound waves of different wavelengths.
  • the bone conduction speaker housing was closed, so the sound source inside the housing was enclosed in the housing.
  • the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention is to open a hole at a proper position of the outer casing, so that the two sounds generated by the sound wave and the sound sound wave in the shell are as close as possible in the space, and the phase is as close as possible to the opposite, thereby generating a good interference effect. It can significantly reduce the external leakage of the bone conduction speaker, and does not increase the volume and weight, does not affect the reliability of the product, and almost does not increase the cost.
  • the solution is simple and reliable, and has high efficiency in reducing leakage.

Abstract

本发明提供一种抑制骨传导扬声器漏音的方法及能够抑制漏音的骨传导扬声器，该骨传导扬声器包括开口状外壳、振动面板和换能装置，其中：所述换能装置用于产生振动并容置在所述外壳的内部；所述振动面板用于贴合皮肤并传递振动；所述外壳的至少一部分上开设有至少一个引声孔，所述引声孔用于将所述外壳内部空气振动所形成的壳内声波引出至所述外壳的外部，与所述外壳振动推动壳外空气所形成的漏音声波发生干涉，以降低所述漏音声波的振幅。本发明利用了声波干涉原理，以消减振幅，从而达到减小漏音的效果。该方案不仅抑制漏音的效果好，而且实现简单，不增加骨传导扬声器的体积和重量，也几乎不增加产品成本。

Description

一种抑制骨传导扬声器漏音的方法及骨传导扬声器 技术领域
本发明实施例涉及骨传导装置技术，尤其涉及一种抑制骨传导扬声器漏音的方法及能够抑制漏音的骨传导扬声器。
背景技术
骨传导扬声器，也称振动扬声器，其通过产生具有与声音信号相同频率与相应幅度的机械振动，推动人体组织与骨骼，从而刺激耳蜗中的听觉神经，使人听到声音，骨传导扬声器也被称为骨传导耳机。
基于骨传导扬声器的原理，其结构如图1A和图1B所示，一般包括开口状外壳110、振动面板121、换能装置122和连接件123。换能装置122是实现电信号向机械振动转换的组件。振动面板121与换能装置122固定相连，在换能装置122的带动下同步振动。振动面板121从外壳110的开口伸出，与人体皮肤贴合，振动通过人体组织与骨骼传递到听觉神经，从而使人听到声音。连接件123设置在换能装置122与外壳110之间，用于将振动的换能装置122定位在外壳中。为了尽量减少对换能装置122所作振动的约束，连接件123一般为弹性材料制成。
然而，换能装置122的机械振动，不仅带动振动面板121的振动，也会通过连接件123传导至外壳110，使得外壳110也产生振动。所以，骨传导扬声器产生的机械振动既能推动人体组织，也能在振动面板121与外壳110未接触人体组织的部分推动空气，从而产生了空气声。这种空气声即为漏音。“漏音” 在有些应用场合中是无害的；但在有些应用场合，比如人在使用骨传导扬声器进行通讯时希望保护隐私时，或是希望在听音乐时不要打扰他人时，就不希望有漏音的存在。
为了解决漏音问题，韩国专利KR10-2009-0082999公开了一种双重壳体及双重磁场结构的骨传导扬声器。该专利提供的扬声器如图2所示，包括：上部开放的第一壳体210；及从第一壳体210的外部开始隔离排列并且围绕第一壳体210的第二壳体220。第一壳体210内部容置有：能输入电信号的可动线圈230；内磁性部件240和外磁性部件250，两者之间形成双重磁场，通过可动线圈230置于磁场中，在吸引力和排斥力的作用下振动；与可动线圈230连接、能接收可动线圈230振动的振动板260；及从振动板260的外侧连接，接触到使用者的皮肤上传达机械振动的振动单元270。该专利所提供的方案通过在第一壳体210外侧包围第二壳体220，目的在于以第二壳体220阻挡第一壳体210的振动向外扩散，从而在一定程度上降低漏音。
但是，该方案由于第二壳体220与第一壳体210之间的固定连接也不可避免地导致第二壳体220振动，从而导致第二壳体220很难达到较好的密封效果，所以实际降低漏音的效果较差。并且，第二壳体220也增加了扬声器的整体体积和重量，不仅导致成本增加，还增加了装配工艺的复杂度，降低了扬声器的一致性和可靠性。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种抑制骨传导扬声器漏音的方法及能够抑制漏音的骨传导扬声器，以有效降低骨传导扬声器的漏音。
第一方面，本发明实施例提供了一种抑制骨传导扬声器漏音的方法，包括：
提供具有贴合人体皮肤并传递振动的振动面板、换能装置以及外壳的骨传导扬声器，其中，在外壳的至少一部分设置至少一个引声孔；
换能装置带动振动面板振动；
外壳也随着换能装置振动并推动外部空气，形成在空气中传播的漏音声波；
将外壳内空气被推动后所形成的壳内声波从引声孔导出至所述外壳的外部，并与漏音声波形成干涉以抑制骨传导扬声器的漏音。
如上所述的方法，优选的是，所述引声孔设置于所述外壳的侧壁的上部、中部、和/或下部，以及，和/或所述外壳的底部。
如上所述的方法，优选的是，所述引声孔前设置有阻尼层，以调节声波的相位和振幅。
如上所述的方法，优选的是，不同的所述引声孔之间设置为具有相同的相位，以抑制相同波长的漏音声波；或者，不同的所述引声孔之间设置为具有不同的相位，以抑制不同波长的漏音声波。
如上所述的方法，优选的是，同一引声孔的不同部位之间设置为具有相同的相位，以抑制相同波长的漏音声波；或者，同一引声孔的不同部位之间，设置为具有不同的相位，以抑制不同波长的漏音声波。
第二方面，本发明实施例提供了一种骨传导扬声器，包括外壳、振动面板和换能装置，其中：
所述换能装置用于产生振动，并容置在所述外壳的内部；
所述振动面板用于贴合皮肤并传递振动；
所述外壳的至少一部分上开设有至少一个引声孔，优选的，所述引声孔用 于将所述外壳内部空气振动所形成的壳内声波引出至所述外壳的外部，与所述外壳振动推动壳外空气所形成的漏音声波发生干涉，以降低所述漏音声波的振幅。
如上所述的骨传导扬声器，优选的是：所述外壳具有侧壁和一个底壁，所述引声孔开设于所述外壳的侧壁和/或底壁。
如上所述的骨传导扬声器，优选的是：所述引声孔开设在所述外壳侧壁的上部和/或下部。
如上所述的骨传导扬声器，优选的是：所述外壳的侧壁为圆柱形，开设在所述外壳侧壁的引声孔数量为至少两个，呈环状周向均匀或非均匀的分布。所述外壳也可以为其他形状。
如上所述的骨传导扬声器，优选的是：沿圆柱形侧壁的轴向方向上设置有不同高度的引声孔。
如上所述的骨传导扬声器，优选的是：开设在所述外壳底壁的引声孔数量为至少两个，以底壁的中心为圆心，呈环状均匀分布；和/或，所述外壳底壁的引声孔为位于底壁的中心的一个孔。
如上所述的骨传导扬声器，优选的是：所述引声孔为贯通的孔；或者在引声孔的开口处罩设有阻尼层。
如上所述的骨传导扬声器，优选的是：不同引声孔之间或者同一引声孔的不同部位之间设置为具有不同或相同的相位差。
如上所述的骨传导扬声器，优选的是：所述阻尼层为调音纸、调音棉、无纺布、丝绸、棉布、海绵或橡胶。
如上所述的骨传导扬声器，优选的是：所述引声孔的形状为圆形、椭圆形、 矩形或长条形；多个所述引声孔设置为具有相同的形状或不同的形状。
如上所述的骨传导扬声器，优选的是：所述换能装置包括磁性组件和音圈，或者，所述换能装置包括压电陶瓷。
本发明实施例提供的技术方案，利用了声波干涉原理，通过在外壳开设引声孔，将骨传导扬声器外壳内的振动声波引出壳外，与外壳振动产生的漏音声波发生干涉，以消减振幅，从而达到减小漏音的效果。该方案不仅抑制漏音的效果好，而且实现简单，不增加骨传导扬声器的体积和重量，也几乎不增加产品成本。
附图说明
图1A和图1B为现有技术中一种骨传导扬声器的结构示意图；
图2是现有技术中另一种骨传导扬声器的结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例所适用的声学干涉原理示意图；
图4A和4B为本发明实施例一提供的骨传导扬声器的结构示意图，
图4C为本发明实施例一提供的骨传导扬声器的物理模型，
图4D为本发明实施例一提供的骨传导扬声器的抑制漏音效果图；
图5为本发明实施例所适用的等响曲线示意图；
图6为本发明实施例二提供的抑制骨传导扬声器漏音的方法流程图；
图7A和7B为本发明实施例三提供的骨传导扬声器的结构示意图，图7C为本发明实施例三提供的骨传导扬声器的抑制漏音效果图；
图8A和8B为本发明实施例四提供的骨传导扬声器的结构示意图，图8C为本发明实施例四提供的骨传导扬声器的抑制漏音效果图；
图9A和9B为本发明实施例五提供的骨传导扬声器的结构示意图，图9C为本发明实施例五提供的骨传导扬声器的抑制漏音效果图；
图10A和10B为本发明实施例六提供的骨传导扬声器的结构示意图，图10C为本发明实施例六提供的骨传导扬声器的抑制漏音效果图；
图11A和11B为本发明实施例七提供的骨传导扬声器的结构示意图，图11C为本发明实施例七提供的骨传导扬声器的抑制漏音效果图；
图12A和12B为本发明实施例八提供的骨传导扬声器的结构示意图；
图13A和13B为本发明实施例九提供的骨传导扬声器的结构示意图。
本发明的附图中各附图标记分别具有如下含义：
110、开口状外壳，121、振动面板，122、换能装置，123、连接件；
210、第一壳体；220、第二壳体；230、可动线圈，240、内磁性部件，250、外磁性部件，260、振动板，270、振动单元；
10、外壳，11、侧壁，12、底壁；21、振动面板，22、换能装置，23、连接件，24、弹性元件；30、引声孔。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。可以理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释本发明，而非对本发明的限定。另外还需要说明的是，为了便于描述，附图中仅示出了与本发明相关的部分而非全部结构。
为清楚介绍本发明实施例的技术方案，首先介绍本发明所基于的设计原理。如图3所示为本发明实施例所适用的声学干涉原理示意图。声波的两个重要参 数是频率和振幅，相同频率的两个声波在空间中会发生干涉，即两个声波的振幅相互叠加。如图3所示，若在空间不同位置中存在声源一和声源二，且两声源的频率相同。两个声源发出的声波可能在空间的某一点A相遇，若两个声源的声波在A点恰好相位相同，就会在A点使同相振幅相互累加，使得在A点的声波信号增大；相反，若在A点相位相反，则使反相振幅相互消减，使得在A点的声波信号减小。
本发明即将上述的声波干涉原理应用于骨传导扬声器中，提出一种能够降低漏音的骨传导扬声器。
实施例一
图4A和4B为本发明实施例一提供的骨传导扬声器的结构示意图，该骨传导扬声器包括外壳10、振动面板21和换能装置22。其中，换能装置22用于产生振动且容置在所述外壳10的内部；所述外壳10的至少一部分上开设有至少一个引声孔30，所述引声孔30用于将所述外壳10内部空气振动所形成的壳内声波引出至所述外壳10的外部，与所述外壳10振动推动壳外空气所形成的漏音声波发生干涉，以降低所述漏音声波的振幅。
本实施例的技术方案可适用于各种具有典型结构的骨传导扬声器。骨传导扬声器的换能装置22是可基于某种原理实现电信号向机械振动转换的组件。常见的如将音频电信号输入音圈，音圈置入磁场中，通过电磁作用可驱动音圈振动。或者可以采用压电陶瓷原理制作换能装置22，将电信号转换为陶瓷部件的形状变化而产生振动。
在本实施例中，振动面板21与换能装置22固定相连，在换能装置22的带动下同步振动。振动面板21从外壳10的开口伸出外壳10，与人体皮肤贴合， 振动通过人体组织与骨骼传递到听觉神经，从而使人听到声音。在换能装置22与外壳10之间可以通过连接件23相连，将振动的换能装置22定位在外壳10中。
在本实施例中，连接件23可以为一个或多个独立的部件，也可以与换能装置22或外壳10一体设置。为了减小对振动的约束，连接件23通常选择弹性材料制成。
换能装置22带动振动面板21振动。换能装置22自身也是一个振动源，其容置在外壳10的内部，换能装置22表面振动使外壳内空气随之振动，形成的声波是在外壳10内部的，可称为壳内声波。振动面板21和换能装置22通过连接件23定位在外壳10上，不可避免地会将振动作用于外壳10上，带动外壳10同步振动，所以外壳10推动壳外空气振动即形成了漏音声波。漏音声波向外传播，就形成了漏音。
壳内声波和漏音声波相当于图3中所示的两个声源。本发明实施例在外壳的壁面上开设了贯通的引声孔30，能够将壳内声波引导传播至壳外，与漏音声波同在空气中进行传播，发生干涉，从而降低所述漏音声波的振幅，即减小了漏音。因此，本实施例的技术方案，通过在外壳上开设引声孔这一便捷改进，在一定程度上解决漏音问题，且不增加骨传导扬声器的体积和重量。
在本实施例中，引声孔30示例性的设置在侧壁高度的上部，即从顶部(振动面板)到侧壁高度方向1/3高度的部分。
图4C是本发明实施例所提供的骨传导扬声器的物理模型，骨传导扬声器的简化结构如前述实施例所示，其结构可以进一步抽象为力学元件，如图所示，位于外壳10侧壁与振动面板21之间的连接件23可抽象为并联的弹性元件和阻 尼件，振动面板21和换能装置22之间可抽象为是弹性元件24的连接关系。
壳体外，漏音降低量正比于
Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-000001
其中，S开孔是引声孔的开孔面域，S外壳是未与人脸接触的外壳面域，
其中，壳内压强P＝Pa+Pb+Pc+Pe，   (2)
Pa、Pb、Pc、Pe分别是a面、b面、c面、e面在壳内空间任一点所生成的声压，
以b所在面的中心O点为空间坐标原点，以b所在面为z＝0的平面，Pa、Pb、Pc、Pe分别是：
Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-000005
其中，
Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-000006
是观测点(x，y，z)到b面声源上的点
(x′，y′，0)的距离；Sa、Sb、Sc、Se分别为a面、b面、c面、e面的面域；
Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-000007
是观测点(x，y，z)到a面声源上的点(x′a，y′a，za)的距离；
Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-000008
是观测点(x，y，z)到c面声源上的点(x′a，y′c，zc)的距离；
Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-000009
是观测点(x，y，z)到e面声源上的点(x′e，y′e，ze)的距离；
k＝ω/u波数(u为声速)，
ρ0：空气密度，
ω：振动的角频率(以下同)，
Pa阻、Pb阻、Pc阻、Pe阻为空气本身声阻，分别为：
Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-000012
Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-000013
其中，r为单位长度上的声阻尼，r′为单位长度上的声质量，za为观测点到a面声源的距离，zb为观测点到b面声源的距离，zc为观测点到c面声源的距离，ze为观测点到e面声源的距离。
Wa(x，y)、Wb(x，y)、Wc(x，y)、We(x，y)、Wd(x，y)分别是a、b、c、e、d面单位面积的声源强度，可由以下公式组(11)导出：
Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-000014
其中，
F为换能器转换成的驱动力，
Fa、Fb、Fc、Fd、Fe分另为a、b、c、d、e各外的驱动力，
Sd为外壳(d面)面域，
f为侧壁的小间隙形成的粘滞阻力，f＝ηΔs(dv/dy)，
L为振动板作用于人脸时，人脸的等价载荷，
γ为弹性元件2上耗散能量，
k1、k2分别是弹性元件1和弹性元件2的弹性系数，
η：流体粘性系数，
dv/dy：流体的速度梯度，
Δs：物体(板)的截面积，
A：幅度，
Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-000015
声场的面积，
δ：高阶量(来源于外壳形状的非完全对称性)，
壳体外任意一点，由壳体振动产生的声压为：
Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-000016
Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-000017
为观测点(x，y，z)到d面声源上的点(x′d，y′d，zd)的距离。
Pa、Pb、Pc、Pe全都是位置的函数，当我们在壳上任一位置开孔时，若开孔面积为S开孔，则开孔处声压的总作用为
Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-000018
Pds.
而外壳10上由于振动面板21紧贴人体组织，其输出能量都被人体组织吸收，那么只有d面推动壳外空气振动，形成漏音，外壳推动壳外空气振动的总作用为
Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-000019
Pd ds。
我们的目标是使
Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-000020
Pds与
Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-000021
Pd ds大小相等，方向相反，从而达到降低 漏音的效果。一旦装置基本结构确定，
Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-000022
Pd ds是一个我们无法调整的量，那么调整
Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-000023
Pds，使其与
Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-000024
Pd ds抵消。而
Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-000025
Pds上包含了完整的相位和幅度信息，其相位、幅度与骨传导扬声器的外壳尺寸、换能装置的振动频率、引声孔的开设位置、形状、数量、尺寸及孔上是否有阻尼都有密切关系，这就使我们可以通过调整引声孔的开设位置、形状和数量和/或增加阻尼和/或调整阻尼材料来达到抑制漏音的目的。
需要额外指出的一点是，由于骨传导耳机与传统气导耳机的基本结构和作用机理不同，发明人所推导出的上述公式仅仅适用于骨传导扬声器。而传统气导耳机的气室中的空气可以被当成一个整体，其相位对位置不敏感，这一点与骨传导扬声器具有本质的不同，因此气导扬声器不能适用于上述公式。
根据发明人所推导的上述公式，本领域技术人员容易理解的是，漏音声波的消除效果，与骨传导扬声器的外壳尺寸、换能装置的振动频率、引声孔的开设位置、形状、数量、尺寸及孔上是否有阻尼都有密切关系，所以，引声孔的开设位置、形状、数量、孔上的阻尼材料等可以根据需要有多种不同的变化方案。
图5为本发明实施例所适用的等响曲线示意图，如图5所示，横坐标是频率，纵坐标是声压级。声压就是大气压受到扰动后产生的变化，即为大气压强的余压，它相当于在大气压强上的叠加一个扰动引起的压强变化，所以声压可反映声波的振幅大小。图5中每条曲线上对应于不同频率的声压级是不相同的，但人耳感觉到的强弱响应却是一样，每条曲线上注有一个数字，表示这条曲线的响度。由等响曲线族可以得知，当音量(声压振幅)较小时，人耳对高低频率音感觉不灵敏，而音量较大时，对高低频率音感觉更灵敏。其中，对于骨传 导扬声器，更关注于中低音频段的音域范围，例如1000Hz～4000Hz，更优选的，1000Hz～4000Hz，或者1000Hz～3500Hz，更优选的，1000Hz～3000Hz，或者，1500Hz～3000Hz。在此频率范围内的漏音是首要需消除的对象。
图4D给出了抑制漏音效果图(数值计算与实测结果在上述波段内比较接近)。所选取的为例如圆柱形外壳30，可以具有侧壁和一个底壁。如图4A和4B所示的骨传导扬声器，其仅仅为一个优选实例，其外壳10为圆柱状，尺寸为半径22mm，侧壁高度14mm，引声孔30开设在外壳10的侧壁上部，形状为矩形、数量有多个，均匀分布在外壳10的侧壁。设定外壳10的底壁外侧50cm处为待消除漏音的目标区域，漏音声波传递至目标区域的距离，与壳内声波自换能装置22的表面经引声孔30传播至该目标区域的距离之间，相差接近180度。通过此设置，可使得外壳10底壁产生的漏音声波在待消除区域显著降低、甚至消除。
本发明提供的各方案，可以从试验结果中看出开设引声孔之后抑制漏音的效果很明显，如图4D所示，可以看出，相对于未开设引声孔的情况，开设引声孔产生了显著的抑制漏音效果。
在所测试的频谱范围内，开设引声孔后漏音平均降低了大约10dB。在1500Hz～3000Hz频段内，被抑制的漏音基本超过10dB。特别是在2000Hz～2500Hz这个频段内，在外壳侧面上部开设引声孔后，漏音比未开设引声孔的方案降低了超过20dB。
本领域技术人员根据由以上公式可以理解的是，当骨传导扬声器的尺寸不同、消除漏音的目标区域不同、声波的频率不同时，就需要设置不同位置、形 状和数量的引声孔。
以典型的圆柱形外壳为例，对于设置位置，根据不同的需求，引声孔30可以开设于所述外壳的侧壁11和/或底壁12。优选所述引声孔30开设在所述外壳侧壁11的上部和/或下部。开设在所述外壳侧壁11的引声孔数量可以为至少两个，优选是呈环状周向均匀分布。开设在所述外壳底壁12的引声孔数量可以为至少两个，以底壁的中心为圆心，呈环状均匀分布。呈环状分布的所述引声孔可以设置至少一圈。开设在所述外壳底壁12的引声孔数量可以为仅有一个，该引声孔设置在底壁12的中心处。
对于数量，引声孔可以为一个或多个，优选是有多个，均匀布设。对于环状布设的引声孔，每圈引声孔的数量例如可以为6-8个。
引声孔的形状可以为圆形、椭圆形、矩形或长条形等。长条形一般是指沿直线、曲线或弧线的条状。各种形状的引声孔在一个骨传导扬声器上可以相同或不同。
当然，本领域技术人员可以理解，外壳的侧壁也可以不是圆柱形，多个引声孔可以非均匀分布，而是按需设置。引声孔的形状、数量和布设位置可以有多种组合方式，下面结合附图提供一些其他的优选实施例。
实施例二
图6为本发明实施例二提供的一种抑制骨传导扬声器漏音的方法，该方法可适用于本发明各实施例提供的骨传导扬声器中进行漏音抑制，该方法包括：
步骤1、提供具有贴合人体皮肤并传递振动的振动面板21、换能装置22以及外壳10的骨传导扬声器，其中，在外壳10的至少一部分设置至少一个引声 孔30；
步骤2、换能装置22带动振动面板21振动；
步骤3、外壳10也随着换能装置22振动并推动外部空气，形成在空气中传播的漏音声波；
步骤4、将外壳内空气被推动后所形成的壳内声波从引声孔30导出至所述外壳10的外部，并与漏音声波形成干涉以抑制骨传导扬声器的漏音。
上述方法中，优选在外壳的各个不同位置处设置引声孔30。
上述方法中，优选采用实施例一中的公式和方法来确定漏音的效果，从而设计引声孔的位置。
上述方法中，优选是所述引声孔30前设置有阻尼层，以调节声波的相位和振幅。
上述方法中，优选是不同的所述引声孔之间设置为具有相同的相位，以抑制相同波长的漏音声波；或者，不同的所述引声孔之间设置为具有不同的相位，以抑制不同波长的漏音声波。
如上所述的方法，优选是同一引声孔的不同部位之间设置为具有相同的相位，以抑制相同波长的漏音声波；或者，同一引声孔的不同部位之间，设置为具有不同的相位，以抑制不同波长的漏音声波。
此外，在进行上述的干涉之前，还可对壳内声波进行处理，使其与漏音声波大小基本相等，相位基本相反，使得漏音进一步减小。
实施例三
图7A和7B为本发明实施例三提供的骨传导扬声器的结构示意图，本实施 例所提供的骨传导扬声器包括开口状外壳10、振动面板21和换能装置22。其中，外壳10为圆柱状，在外壳10的侧壁下部(侧壁高度方向2/3高度到底部的部分)开设有贯通的引声孔30。引声孔30的数量例如为8个，形状例如为矩形，各引声孔30呈环形均匀分布在外壳10的侧壁上。
在该实施例中，换能装置优选基于电磁转换原理实现，包括导磁体和音圈等部件，这些部件均可容置在外壳内部，产生相同频率的同步振动。
图7C给出了抑制漏音的效果图，简单分析概括起来，在1400Hz～4000Hz频谱范围内，漏音降低值均高于5dB，在2250Hz～2500Hz频段内，漏音抑制效果最显著，降低值高于20dB。
实施例四
图8A和8B为本发明实施例四提供的骨传导扬声器的结构示意图，本实施例所提供的骨传导扬声器包括开口状外壳10、振动面板21和换能装置22。其中，外壳10为圆柱状，在外壳10的侧壁中部(侧壁高度方向1/3高度到2/3高度的部分)开设有贯通的引声孔30。引声孔30的数量为8个，形状为矩形，各引声孔30呈环形均匀分布在外壳10的侧壁上。
在该实施例中，换能装置优选基于电磁转换原理实现，包括导磁体和音圈等部件，这些部件均可容置在外壳内部，产生相同频率的同步振动。
图8C给出了消除漏音的效果图，简单分析概括起来，在1000Hz～4000Hz，该方案对漏音的抑制效果明显；1400Hz～2900Hz范围内，漏音降低值超过了10dB，在2200Hz～2500Hz频段内，漏音抑制效果最显著，降低值高于20dB。与实施例三相比，该方案在各频段降低漏音的效果均比较均衡，但降低漏音效 果最好的频段与实施例三的方案一致。
这说明在众多参数均保持一致的情况下，仅仅是引声孔位置的变化就能对降低漏音的效果进行调整。
实施例五
图9A和9B为本发明实施例五提供的骨传导扬声器的结构示意图，本实施例所提供的骨传导扬声器包括开口状外壳10、振动面板21和换能装置22。其中，外壳10为圆柱状，在外壳10的底壁的周向开设有贯通的引声孔30。引声孔30的数量例如为8个，形状例如为矩形，各引声孔30呈环形均匀分布在外壳10的底壁上。
在该实施例中，换能装置优选基于电磁转换原理实现，包括导磁体和音圈等部件，这些部件均可容置在外壳内部，产生相同频率的同步振动。
图9C给出了抑制漏音的效果图，简单分析概括起来，在1000Hz～3000Hz，该方案对漏音的抑制效果明显；1700Hz～2700Hz范围内，漏音降低值超过了10dB，在2200Hz～2400Hz频段内，漏音抑制效果最显著，降低值高于20dB。与实施例三相比，该方案在各频段降低漏音的效果均比较均衡，但降低漏音效果最好的频段与实施例三一致。该方案在1000Hz～2200Hz范围内，降低漏音的效果与实施例四相相似，优于实施例三，但在2200Hz～4000Hz，该实施例的降漏音效果显著劣于实施例四和实施例三。
实施例六
图10A和10B为本发明实施例六提供的骨传导扬声器的结构示意图，本实 施例所提供的骨传导扬声器包括开口状外壳10、振动面板21和换能装置22。与实施例三不同的是，在外壳10侧壁的上部和下部分别开设有贯通的引声孔30。引声孔30呈环状均匀分布在外壳10侧壁的上部和下部，每圈引声孔30的数量为8个。且上部和下部设置的引声孔30相对于外壳10的中截面对称设置。每个引声孔30的形状为圆形。
侧壁上部和下部的引声孔的形状可以不一致，内部的阻尼层可以设置为针对相同波长(频率)的漏音声波进行抑制，也可以不同波长的漏音声波进行抑制。
图10C给出了该实施例抑制漏音的效果图，简单分析概括起来，在频谱范围1000Hz～4000Hz内，该实施例对漏音的抑制效果明显；1600Hz～2700Hz范围内，漏音降低值超过了15dB，在2000Hz～2500Hz频段内，漏音抑制效果最显著，降低值高于20dB。与实施例三相比，该实施例在各频段降低漏音的效果均比较均衡，效果优于实施例三、四、五等单一高度开孔的方案。
实施例七
图11A和11B为本发明实施例七提供的骨传导扬声器的结构示意图，本实施例所提供的骨传导扬声器包括开口状外壳10、振动面板21和换能装置22。与实施例三不同的是，在外壳10侧壁的上部和下部，以及外壳10的底壁分别开设有贯通的引声孔30。侧壁开设的引声孔30呈环状均匀分布在外壳10侧壁的上部和下部，每圈数量为8个，且上部和下部设置的引声孔30相对于外壳10的中截面对称设置。侧壁开设的每个引声孔30为矩形。底壁开设的引声孔30的形状为沿弧线设置的长条形，数量为4个，以底壁的中心为圆心呈环形均匀分布。且底壁开设的引声孔30还包括开设在中心处的圆形的通孔。
图11C给出了该实施例抑制漏音的效果图，简单分析概括起来，在频谱范围1000Hz～4000Hz内，该方案对漏音的抑制效果明显；1300Hz～3000Hz范围内，漏音降低值超过了10dB，在2000Hz～2700Hz频段内，漏音抑制效果最显著，降低值高于20dB。与实施例三相比，该方案在各频段降低漏音的效果均比较均衡，效果优于实施例三、四、五等单一高度开孔的方案。与实施例六相比，该实施例的效果在1000Hz～1700Hz和2500Hz～4000Hz频段内抑制漏音的效果优于实施例六。
实施例八
图12A和12为本发明实施例八提供的骨传导扬声器的结构示意图，本实施例所提供的骨传导扬声器包括开口状外壳10、振动面板21和换能装置22。在外壳10侧壁的上部开设有贯通的引声孔30，呈环状均匀分布在外壳10侧壁的上部，数量例如为8个，与实施例三不同的是，本实施例中的引声孔30的形状为圆形。
通过数值计算和实验测试比较，本实施例八与第一实施例的效果大体相同，也能够对漏音构成有效的抑制。
实施例九
图13A和13B为本发明实施例九提供的骨传导扬声器的结构示意图，本实施例所提供的骨传导扬声器包括开口状外壳10、振动面板21和换能装置22。
与实施例三不同的是，为了显示出抑制漏音的较优效果，分别在侧壁11的上部、中部和下部均周向均布有引声孔30，在外壳10底壁12也周向开设有一 圈引声孔30。各引声孔30的孔径大小和孔的个数均相同。
该方案的效果相对于单一高度、位置的孔来说，在各频段降低漏音的效果均比较均衡，效果优于实施例三、四、五等单一高度开孔的方案。
实施例十
在前述的实施例一到实施例九中，所述引声孔30可以为无遮挡的贯通孔。
但是，为了控制壳内声波从引声孔30传播而出的效果，可以在引声孔30的开口处设置阻尼层(在说明书附图中未示出)，以调节声波的相位和振幅，从而修正引导壳内声波的效果。
阻尼层的材料选择和设置位置可以有多种方式，例如，阻尼层为调音纸、调音棉、无纺布、丝绸、棉布、海绵或橡胶等对音质传导具有一定阻尼的材料，可以在引声孔30内壁贴附阻尼层，或者在引声孔30的孔口外侧罩设阻尼层等。
更优选的是，对应不同引声孔之间，可以将所设置的阻尼层设置为不同引声孔之间具有相同的相位差以抑制相同波长的漏音，或设置为不同的所述引声孔(30)之间具有不同的相位差以抑制不同波长的漏音(即特定波段的漏音)。
更优选的是，同一引声孔(30)的不同部位之间设置为具有相同的相位(例如，使用预先设计好的阶梯或台阶状的阻尼层)，以抑制相同波长的漏音声波；或者，同一引声孔(30)的不同部位之间，设置为具有不同的相位，以抑制不同波长的漏音声波。
本发明上述实施例提供了引声孔在骨传导扬声器外壳上的优选设置方案，但本领域技术人员可以理解，引声孔的设置方案并不以此为限。
在以往所有骨传导扬声器的设计中，骨传导扬声器外壳均是封闭的，所以壳内声源被封闭在外壳中。本发明实施例的技术方案，是在外壳的适当位置开孔，使壳内声波和漏音声波产生的两个声音在空间中大小尽量接近相等，相位尽量接近相反，从而产生良好的干涉效果，能明显降低骨传导扬声器的外漏音，并且不增加体积重量，不影响产品的可靠性，也几乎不增加成本。该方案简单可靠，且降低漏音的效能高。
注意，上述仅为本发明的较佳实施例及所运用技术原理。本领域技术人员会理解，本发明不限于这里所述的特定实施例，对本领域技术人员来说能够进行各种明显的变化、重新调整和替代而不会脱离本发明的保护范围。因此，虽然通过以上实施例对本发明进行了较为详细的说明，但是本发明不仅仅限于以上实施例，在不脱离本发明构思的情况下，还可以包括更多其他等效实施例，而本发明的范围由所附的权利要求范围决定。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种抑制骨传导扬声器漏音的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    提供具有贴合人体皮肤并传递振动的振动面板(21)、换能装置(22)以及外壳(10)的骨传导扬声器，其中，在外壳(10)的至少一部分设置至少一个引声孔(30)；
    换能装置(22)带动振动面板(21)振动；
    外壳(10)也随着换能装置(22)振动并推动外部空气，形成在空气中传播的漏音声波；
    将外壳内空气被推动后所形成的壳内声波从引声孔(30)导出至所述外壳(10)的外部，并与漏音声波形成干涉以抑制骨传导扬声器的漏音。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述引声孔(30)设置于所述外壳(10)的侧壁的上部、和/或中部、和/或下部，以及和/或所述外壳(10)的底部。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，根据如下公式来确定引声孔的位置来抑制漏音，
    漏音降低量正比于
    Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-100001
    其中，S开孔是引声孔的开孔面域，S外壳是未与人脸接触的外壳面域，
    壳内压强P＝Pa+Pb+Pc+Pe，      (2)
    Pa、Pb、Pc、Pe分别是a面、b面、c面、e面在壳内空间任一点所生成的声压，
    Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-100002
    Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-100003
    Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-100004
    Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-100005
    其中，
    Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-100006
    是观测点(x，y，z)到b面声源上一点(x′，y′，0)的距离；Sa、Sb、Sc、Se分别为a面、b面、c面、e面的面域；
    Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-100007
    是观测点(x，y，z)到a面声源上一点(x′a，y′a，za)的距离；
    Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-100008
    是观测点(x，y，z)到c面声源上一点(x′c，y′c，zc)的距离；
    Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-100009
    是观测点(x，y，z)到e面声源上一点(x′e，y′e，ze)的距离；
    k＝ω/u波数(u为声速)，ρ0为空气密度，ω为振动的角频率，Pa阻、Pb阻、Pc阻、Pe阻为空气本身声阻，分别为：
    Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-100010
    Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-100011
    Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-100012
    Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-100013
    其中，r为单位长度上的声阻尼，r′为单位长度上的声质量，za为观测点到a面声源的距离，zb为观测点到b面声源的距离，zc为观测点到c面声源的距离，ze为观测点到e面声源的距离；
    Wa(x，y)、Wb(x，y)、Wc(x，y)、We(x，y)、Wd(x，y)分别是a、b、c、e、d面单位面积的声源强度，可由以下公式组(11)导出：
    Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-100014
    其中，F为换能器转换成的驱动力，Fa、Fb、Fc、Fd、Fe分别为a、b、c、d、e各处的驱动力，Sd为外壳(d面)面域，f为侧壁的小间隙形成的粘滞阻力，f＝ηΔs(dv/dy)，
    L为振动板作用于人脸时，人脸的等价载荷，γ为弹性元件2上耗散能量，k1、k2分别是弹性元件1和弹性元件2的弹性系数，η为流体粘性系数，dv/dy为流体的速度梯度，Δs为物体(板)的截面积，A为幅度，
    Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-100015
    为声场的面积，δ为高阶量(来源于外壳形状的非完全对称性)，
    壳体外任意一点，由壳体振动产生的声压为：
    Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-100016
    其中，
    Figure PCTCN2014094065-appb-100017
    为观测点(x，y，z)到d面声源上一点(x′d，y′d，zd)的距离。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述引声孔(30)前设置有阻尼层，以调节声波的相位和振幅。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，
    不同的所述引声孔(30)之间设置为具有相同的相位，以抑制相同波长的 漏音声波；
    或者，不同的所述引声孔(30)之间设置为具有不同的相位，以抑制不同波长的漏音声波。
  6. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，
    同一引声孔(30)的不同部位之间设置为具有相同的相位，以抑制相同波长的漏音声波；
    同一引声孔(30)的不同部位之间，设置为具有不同的相位，以抑制不同波长的漏音声波。
  7. 一种能抑制漏音的骨传导扬声器，包括外壳(10)、振动面板(21)和
    换能装置(22)，其特征在于：
    所述换能装置(22)用于产生振动，并容置在所述外壳(10)的内部；
    所述振动面板(21)用于贴合皮肤并传递振动；
    所述外壳(10)的至少一部分开设有至少一个引声孔(30)，优选的，所述引声孔(30)用于将所述外壳(10)内部空气振动所形成的壳内声波引出至所述外壳(10)的外部，与所述外壳(10)振动推动壳外空气所形成的漏音声波发生干涉，以降低所述漏音声波的振幅。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于：
    所述外壳(10)具有侧壁(11)和一个底壁(12)，所述引声孔(30)开设于所述外壳(10)的侧壁(11)和/或底壁(12)。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于：
    所述引声孔(30)开设在所述外壳(10)侧壁(11)的上部、中部、和/或下部。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于：
    所述外壳(10)的侧壁(11)为圆柱形，开设在所述外壳(10)侧壁(11)的引声孔(30)数量为至少两个，呈环状周向均匀或非均匀地分布。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于：
    沿圆柱形侧壁(11)的轴向方向上设置有不同高度的引声孔(30)。
  12. 根据权利要求8所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于：
    开设在所述外壳(10)底壁(12)的引声孔(30)数量为至少两个，以底壁的中心为圆心，呈环状均匀分布；
    和/或，所述外壳(10)底壁(12)的引声孔(30)为位于底壁(12)的中心的一个孔。
  13. 根据权利要求7-12任一所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于：
    所述引声孔(30)为贯通的孔；或者
    在引声孔(30)的开口处罩设有阻尼层。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于：
    不同引声孔(30)之间或者同一引声孔(30)的不同部位之间设置为具有不同的相位差；或者，
    不同引声孔(30)之间或者同一引声孔(30)的不同部位之间设置为具有相同的相位差。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于：
    所述阻尼层为调音纸、调音棉、无纺布、丝绸、棉布、海绵或橡胶。
  16. 根据权利要求7-12任一所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于：
    所述引声孔(30)的形状为圆形、椭圆形、四边形、矩形、或长条形；
    多个所述引声孔(30)设置为具有相同的形状或不同的形状。
  17. 根据权利要求7-15任一所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于：
    所述换能装置(22)包括磁性组件和音圈，或者，
    所述换能装置(22)包括压电陶瓷。
PCT/CN2014/094065 2014-01-06 2014-12-17 一种抑制骨传导扬声器漏音的方法及骨传导扬声器 WO2015101181A1 (zh)

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