WO2015098001A1 - 脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂組成物および脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂成形体 - Google Patents
脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂組成物および脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂成形体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015098001A1 WO2015098001A1 PCT/JP2014/006073 JP2014006073W WO2015098001A1 WO 2015098001 A1 WO2015098001 A1 WO 2015098001A1 JP 2014006073 W JP2014006073 W JP 2014006073W WO 2015098001 A1 WO2015098001 A1 WO 2015098001A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/05—Alcohols; Metal alcoholates
- C08K5/053—Polyhydroxylic alcohols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/08—Copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/0846—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons containing other atoms than carbon or hydrogen atoms
- C08L23/0853—Vinylacetate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L31/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid or of a haloformic acid; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L31/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of monocarboxylic acids
- C08L31/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl acetate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/06—Biodegradable
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/06—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features having improved processability or containing aids for moulding methods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/24—Crystallisation aids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an aliphatic polyester resin composition, and in particular, an aliphatic polyester resin composition for applying a biodegradable polyester resin that is decomposed by the action of microorganisms as various industrial materials, and the same. It relates to molded products.
- plastic waste has been able to solve the problems that have caused a great burden on the global environment, such as impact on the ecosystem, generation of harmful gases during combustion, global warming due to a large amount of combustion heat, Biodegradable plastics are actively developed.
- polyhydroxyalkanoate (hereinafter sometimes referred to as PHA) -based resins and also PHA-based resins.
- PHA polyhydroxyalkanoate
- PHA-based resins polyhydroxyalkanoate
- P3HB3HV poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) copolymer resin
- P3HB3HH poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) copolymer resin
- P3HB4HB poly Lactic acid and the like
- the PHA-based resin has a low crystallization speed, it is necessary to lengthen the cooling time for solidification after heating and melting in the molding process, and the productivity is poor. There is a problem that mechanical properties (particularly, toughness such as tensile elongation at break) change over time.
- the present inventors have found that the crystallization speed can be remarkably improved by mixing pentaerythritol as a crystal nucleating agent in a PHA resin. Furthermore, for organic compound-based crystal nucleating agents containing pentaerythritol, a phenomenon called so-called bloom occurs in which the crystal nucleating agent emerges on the surface of the molded body when the molded body is used, depending on the processing conditions and the combination of materials. I also found that there was a case.
- the present invention improves the slow crystallization, which is a drawback of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) resins, and is particularly suitable for injection molding.
- An object of the present invention is to improve the workability in the forming process, to improve the processing speed, and to suppress the bloom from the obtained molded product.
- the present inventors mixed a copolymer containing vinyl acetate and pentaerythritol into a polyhydroxyalkanoate that is slowly crystallized to make the copolymer containing polyhydroxyalkanoate and vinyl acetate incompatible.
- the inventors have found that it is possible to achieve both improvement in workability and suppression of bloom from a molded article, and the present invention has been completed.
- the present invention is an aliphatic polyester resin composition containing a polyhydroxyalkanoate (A), a copolymer (B) containing vinyl acetate and pentaerythritol (C), and the polyhydroxyalkanoate (A)
- the present invention relates to an aliphatic polyester resin composition in which the copolymer (B) containing vinyl acetate is incompatible.
- the copolymer (B) containing vinyl acetate is preferably an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
- the copolymer (B) containing vinyl acetate is preferably an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a vinyl acetate ratio of 30 to 60% by weight.
- the copolymer (B) containing vinyl acetate is preferably an ethylene-vinyl acetate-carbon monoxide terpolymer.
- the vinyl acetate-containing copolymer (B) preferably has a vinyl acetate ratio of 20 to 40% by weight and a carbon monoxide ratio of 5 to 20% by weight.
- the polyhydroxyalkanoate (A) is represented by the following general formula (1) [—CHR—CH 2 —CO—O—] (1) (In the formula, R is an alkyl group represented by C n H 2n + 1 , and n is an integer of 1 to 15, inclusive), It is preferable that the repeating unit shown by these is included.
- the polyhydroxyalkanoate (A) is poly (3-hydroxybutyrate), poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate). Rate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate), poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate), and poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutanoate) It is preferable that it is 1 or more types.
- the present invention also relates to an aliphatic polyester resin molded article obtained by molding the aliphatic polyester resin composition.
- the slowness of crystallization which is a disadvantage of the PHA-based resin, is improved, the workability in the molding process such as injection molding is improved, the processing speed is increased, and Bloom can be suppressed.
- the aliphatic polyester resin composition of the present invention contains PHA (A), a copolymer (B) containing vinyl acetate and pentaerythritol (C), and a copolymer containing PHA (A) and vinyl acetate.
- the combination (B) is incompatible.
- PHA (A) is an aliphatic polyester resin containing a repeating unit represented by the general formula: [—CHR—CH 2 —CO—O—].
- PHA (A) used in the present invention has the formula (1): [—CHR—CH 2 —CO—O—] (In the formula, R is an alkyl group represented by C n H 2n + 1 , and n is an integer of 1 to 15, inclusive).
- the PHA is preferably a polymer resin composed of 80 mol% or more of 3-hydroxybutyrate, more preferably a polymer resin composed of 85 mol% or more, and is preferably produced by microorganisms.
- Specific examples include poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) homopolymer resin, poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxypropionate) copolymer resin, poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- Hydroxyvalerate) copolymer resin, poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) copolymer resin, poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxy) Hexanoate) copolymer resin, poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyheptanoate) copolymer resin, poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyoctanoate) copolymer resin, Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxynonanoate) copolymer resin, poly (3-hydroxybut
- poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) homopolymer resin poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) copolymer resin, poly (3-hydroxy Butyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) copolymer resin, poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) copolymer resin, poly (3-hydroxy Butyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) copolymer resin can be preferably used.
- PHAs may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- 3-hydroxybutyrate hereinafter sometimes referred to as 3HB
- copolymerized 3-hydroxyvalerate hereinafter sometimes referred to as 3HV
- the comonomer ratio is less than 3 mol%, the molding process temperature and the thermal decomposition temperature are close to each other, and it may be difficult to perform the molding process.
- the comonomer ratio exceeds 20 mol%, the crystallization of PHA is delayed, and thus productivity may be deteriorated.
- the ratio of each monomer in the PHA copolymer resin can be measured by gas chromatography as follows. To about 20 mg of dried PHA, 2 ml of a sulfuric acid / methanol mixture (15/85 (weight ratio)) and 2 ml of chloroform are added and sealed, and heated at 100 ° C. for 140 minutes to obtain the methyl ester of the PHA decomposition product. After cooling, 1.5 g of sodium hydrogen carbonate is added little by little to neutralize it, and the mixture is allowed to stand until the generation of carbon dioxide gas stops.
- the monomer unit composition of the PHA decomposition product in the supernatant is analyzed by capillary gas chromatography to determine the ratio of each monomer in the copolymer resin.
- GC-17A manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation was used, and “NEUTRA BOND-1” manufactured by GL Science Co., Ltd. (column length: 25 m, column inner diameter: 0.25 mm, liquid film thickness: 0.2 mm). 4 ⁇ m) is used. He is used as the carrier gas, the column inlet pressure is 100 kPa, and 1 ⁇ l of the sample is injected. As temperature conditions, the temperature is raised from an initial temperature of 100 ° C. to 200 ° C. at a rate of 8 ° C./min, and further from 200 to 290 ° C. at a rate of 30 ° C./min.
- the weight average molecular weight of the PHA of the present invention is preferably 200,000 to 2,500,000, more preferably 250,000 to 2,000,000, and further preferably 300,000 to 1,000,000.
- weight average molecular weight is less than 200,000, mechanical properties and the like may be inferior, and when it exceeds 2.5 million, molding may be difficult.
- the weight average molecular weight was measured using gel permeation chromatography (“Shodex GPC-101” manufactured by Showa Denko KK), using polystyrene gel (“Shodex K-804” manufactured by Showa Denko KK) as the column, and moving chloroform. It can be determined as the molecular weight when converted to polystyrene. At this time, a calibration curve is prepared using polystyrene having a weight average molecular weight of 31400, 197000, 668000, and 1920,000.
- the PHA is, for example, the Alcaligenes eutrophus AC32 strain in which the PHA synthase gene derived from Aeromonas caviae is introduced into Alcaligenes eutrophus (international deposit based on the Budapest Treaty, International Depositary Agency: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Patent Organism Depositary). (Japan, Ibaraki Prefecture, Tsukuba City, 1-1-1 Higashi 1-Chuo 6), Date of original deposit: August 12, 1996, transferred on August 7, 1997, deposit number FERM BP-6038 (original deposit FERM P -15786))) (J. Bacteriol., 179, 4821 (1997)).
- EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer
- EVACO ethylene-vinyl acetate-carbon monoxide terpolymer
- the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer preferably has a vinyl acetate ratio (hereinafter sometimes referred to as VA ratio) of 30 to 60% by weight, more preferably 35 to 60% by weight.
- VA ratio vinyl acetate ratio
- the surface of the molded body may be peeled off. If the VA ratio exceeds 60% by weight, PHA and EVA may be completely compatible, and bloom from the molded product may not be suppressed.
- the EVA VA ratio can be determined according to JIS K 7192.
- EVA As the EVA, specifically, “Levapren 600HV” (VA ratio 60 wt% EVA) manufactured by LANXESS, “Levapren 500HV” (VA ratio 50 wt% EVA) manufactured by LANXESS, “Levapren 450” (VA ratio 45 manufactured by LANXESS), and so on.
- the ethylene-vinyl acetate-carbon monoxide terpolymer preferably has a VA ratio of 20 to 40% by weight and a carbon monoxide ratio of 5 to 20% by weight.
- VA ratio is less than 20% by weight, the surface of the molded body may be peeled off. If the VA ratio exceeds 40% by weight, PHA and EVACO may be completely compatible with each other, and the pentaerythritol bloom may not be suppressed.
- the CO ratio when the CO ratio is less than 5% by weight, the affinity with PHA is deteriorated and the surface of the molded product may be peeled off. If the CO ratio exceeds 20% by weight, PHA and EVACO may be completely compatible with each other, and bloom from the molded product may not be suppressed.
- EVACO EVACO having a VA ratio of 24% by weight and a CO ratio of 10% by weight
- Elvalloy 742 manufactured by Mitsui DuPont Polychemical Co., Ltd. (VA ratio of 28) .5 wt%, COCO ratio 9 wt% EVACO), etc., and at least one of them can be used.
- the content of the copolymer (B) containing vinyl acetate used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as PHA (A) and the copolymer (B) containing vinyl acetate are incompatible, but PHA (A) 0.5 to 5 parts by weight is preferable with respect to 100 parts by weight, and 0.7 to 3 parts by weight is more preferable. If it is less than 0.5 part by weight, the bloom from the molded product may not be suppressed, and if it exceeds 5 parts by weight, the effect of pentaerythritol as a crystal nucleating agent may be deteriorated.
- the determination of the compatibility between the PHA of the present invention and the copolymer containing vinyl acetate was carried out using a transmission electron microscope (“H-7650” manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.) and an aliphatic polyester resin composition or fatty acid dyed with RuO 4.
- H-7650 manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.
- RuO 4 an aliphatic polyester resin composition or fatty acid dyed with RuO 4.
- the copolymer containing PHA and vinyl acetate is dispersed to a state where it cannot be discriminated by observing the molded polyester resin product at 10,000 to 40,000 times, it is regarded as “compatible”, and PHA is acetic acid in a continuous phase.
- a case where a copolymer containing vinyl forms a dispersed structure in a dispersed phase is referred to as “incompatible”.
- pentaerythritol (C) In the aliphatic polyester resin composition of the present invention, pentaerythritol (C) is used as a crystal nucleating agent for polyhydroxyalkanoate.
- Pentaerythritol is the following formula (2)
- Pentaerythritol is classified as a sugar alcohol, but is not derived from a natural product and can be synthesized by condensing acetaldehyde and formaldehyde in a basic environment.
- the pentaerythritol used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is generally available, and reagent products or industrial products can be used.
- reagent products include Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Sigma-Aldrich, Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., and Merck.
- reagent products include Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Sigma-Aldrich, Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., and Merck.
- Guangei Chemical Co., Ltd. trade name: Penalit
- Japan Synthetic chemical industry products trade name: Neuriser P
- Toyo Chemicals Co., Ltd. products and the like can be mentioned, but are not limited thereto.
- Some commonly available reagent products and industrial products contain impurities such as dipentaerythritol and tripentaerythritol produced by dehydration condensation of pentaerythritol as impurities.
- the oligomer has no effect on crystallization of polyhydroxyalkanoate, but does not inhibit the crystallization effect of pentaerythritol. Therefore, an oligomer may be included.
- the amount of pentaerythritol used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as crystallization of the polyhydroxyalkanoate (A) can be promoted.
- the lower limit of the content of pentaerythritol is preferably 0.05 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of polyhydroxyalkanoate (A). More preferably, it is 0.1 parts by weight, and still more preferably 0.5 parts by weight.
- the upper limit of the content of pentaerythritol is 100 parts by weight of polyhydroxyalkanoate (A). The amount is preferably 20 parts by weight, more preferably 10 parts by weight, still more preferably 8 parts by weight.
- the aliphatic polyester resin composition of the present invention has a crystallization of the resin composition at the time of processing as compared to a resin composition containing polyhydroxyalkanoate alone or a sugar alcohol compound other than polyhydroxyalkanoate and pentaerythritol. Since it is excellent in that it proceeds stably under a wide range of processing conditions, it has the following advantages.
- polyhydroxyalkanoates poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate (P3HB3HH) and poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (P3HB3HV)) are heated.
- the progress of crystallization is affected by the resin temperature at the time of melting, that is, the higher the resin temperature at the time of melting, the more difficult the crystallization proceeds, for example, P3HB3HH
- the resin temperature at the time of melting is about 170 ° C. from the melting point of the resin, the higher the resin temperature at the time of melting, the more difficult the crystallization of the resin during cooling tends to proceed.
- the resin temperature at the time of melting is about 180 ° C. or higher, crystallization during cooling tends to proceed over several hours. Therefore, in order to perform the molding process satisfactorily, the resin temperature at the time of melting must be controlled within a temperature range of about 170 ° C. to 180 ° C. However, in a general molding process, the resin temperature at the time of melting is not uniform. It is very difficult to control in the above temperature range.
- the crystallization of the aliphatic polyester resin composition of the present invention proceeds stably over a wide temperature range when the resin is melted. That is, since the crystallization proceeds stably and quickly even when the resin temperature at the time of melting is higher than the melting point of the resin to about 190 ° C., the resin composition of the present invention is excellent for a wide range of processing conditions. It has processing characteristics. In addition, it is not preferable from the viewpoint of thermal degradation that the resin temperature during melting is 200 ° C. or higher.
- the progress of crystallization of polyhydroxyalkanoate also depends on the cooling temperature.
- crystallization of P3HB3HH tends to proceed most when the cooling temperature after heating and melting is 50 to 70 ° C., and when the cooling temperature is lower than 50 ° C. or higher than 70 ° C., crystallization is less likely to proceed.
- the mold temperature correlates with the cooling temperature, and the mold temperature must be controlled within the above temperature range, that is, in the range of 50 ° C to 70 ° C. In order to control the mold temperature uniformly. However, it is necessary to precisely design the mold structure and shape, which is very difficult.
- the crystallization of the aliphatic polyester resin composition of the present invention proceeds stably over a wide cooling temperature range of the resin after melting. That is, since the crystallization proceeds stably and quickly even when the cooling temperature after heating and melting is in the temperature range of 20 ° C. to 80 ° C., the resin composition of the present invention is excellent in processing over a wide range of processing conditions. It has characteristics.
- the aliphatic polyester resin composition of the present invention was not obtained with a conventional polyhydroxyalkanoate resin or a resin composition containing a polyhydroxyalkanoate resin and a sugar alcohol compound other than pentaerythritol, as described above. Therefore, it has excellent processing characteristics in that the resin temperature at the time of melting and the cooling temperature of the mold can be set widely.
- the following characteristics are manifested by the crystallization progressing stably and quickly.
- P3HB3HH has a tendency that crystallization does not proceed sufficiently at the time of molding, so that crystallization gradually progresses after molding and spherulites grow, so that mechanical properties change with time and the molded product gradually becomes brittle. was there.
- the aliphatic polyester resin composition of the present invention produces a large number of microcrystals immediately after molding, the spherulites are difficult to grow after molding, and the embrittlement of the molded product is also suppressed. Excellent in terms of stability.
- the cavity part for example, parting line part, insert part, slide core sliding part, etc.
- the resin melted in the gap at the time of injection molding
- the “burrs” that are formed by the adhering to adhere to the molded product. Since polyhydroxyalkanoate is slow in crystallization and has a long time for the resin to have fluidity, burrs are likely to occur, and a large amount of labor is required for the post-treatment of the molded product.
- the aliphatic polyester resin composition of the present invention is preferable in practical use because it is difficult to be burred because it is rapidly crystallized and the post-treatment effort of the molded product can be reduced.
- the aliphatic polyester resin composition according to the present invention can be easily produced by a known melt kneader as long as it can be heated and kneaded to a temperature higher than the melting point of polyhydroxyalkanoate.
- a copolymer containing polyhydroxyalkanoate and vinyl acetate, pentaerythritol, and, if necessary, other components are melted and kneaded with an extruder, roll mill, Banbury mixer, etc. into pellets, and then molded.
- a method in which a master batch having a high concentration of pentaerythritol is prepared in advance, and this is melt-kneaded in a desired ratio to a copolymer containing polyhydroxyalkanoate and vinyl acetate and used for molding, etc. The copolymer containing pentaerythritol, polyhydroxyalkanoate, and vinyl acetate may be added to the kneader at the same time, or after the copolymer containing polyhydroxyalkanoate and vinyl acetate has been melted, pentaerythritol is added. It may be added.
- the aliphatic polyester resin composition of the present invention is obtained by melt-kneading a copolymer (B) containing PHA and vinyl acetate at a melting point of PHA or higher, or a copolymer (B) containing PHA such as chloroform and vinyl acetate.
- the aliphatic polyester resin composition of the present invention can be easily obtained by blending the two resins in a solvent capable of dissolving the resin, but is preferably prepared by melt-kneading from the viewpoint of productivity.
- the aliphatic polyester resin composition in the present invention may contain various additives as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- the additives include, for example, lubricants, crystal nucleating agents other than pentaerythritol, plasticizers, hydrolysis inhibitors, antioxidants, mold release agents, ultraviolet absorbers, dyes, pigments and other colorants, and inorganic fillers.
- Organic fillers and the like can be used depending on the purpose, but those additives are preferably biodegradable.
- additives include inorganic fibers such as carbon fibers and organic fibers such as human hair and wool.
- natural fibers such as bamboo fiber, pulp fiber, kenaf fiber, other similar plant substitute species, Mallow family annual plant, linden annual plant plant and the like can also be used. From the viewpoint of reducing carbon dioxide, plant-derived natural fibers are preferable, and kenaf fibers are particularly preferable.
- PHA copolymer containing vinyl acetate (B) and pentaerythritol
- various additives are melt-kneaded using an extruder, kneader, Banbury mixer, roll, etc.
- a polyester resin composition is prepared, extruded into a strand shape, and then cut to obtain pellets made of an aliphatic polyester resin composition having a particle shape such as a columnar shape, an elliptical column shape, a spherical shape, a cubic shape, or a rectangular parallelepiped shape.
- the temperature at which the copolymer (B) containing PHA and vinyl acetate, etc. is melt-kneaded depends on the melting point, melt viscosity, etc. of the PHA used and the melt viscosity of the copolymer (B) containing vinyl acetate, etc.
- the resin temperature at the die outlet of the melt-kneaded product is preferably 140 to 200 ° C., more preferably 150 to 195 ° C., and further preferably 160 to 190 ° C.
- the resin temperature of the melt-kneaded product is less than 140 ° C, the dispersion state of the copolymer (B) containing vinyl acetate in PHA may be deteriorated, and when it exceeds 200 ° C, PHA may be thermally decomposed. .
- the pellets produced by the above method are sufficiently dried at 40 to 80 ° C. to remove moisture, and then molded by a known molding method, whereby an arbitrary molded body can be obtained.
- the molding method include film molding, sheet molding, injection molding, blow molding, fiber spinning, extrusion foaming, and bead foaming.
- Examples of the method for producing a film molded body include T-die extrusion molding, calendar molding, roll molding, and inflation molding.
- the film forming method is not limited to these.
- the molding temperature during film molding is preferably 140 to 190 ° C.
- the film obtained from the aliphatic polyester resin composition of the present invention can be thermoformed by heating, vacuum formed, and press formed.
- an injection molding method such as an injection molding method, a gas assist molding method, or an injection compression molding method that is generally employed when molding a thermoplastic resin
- an in-mold molding method, a gas press molding method, a two-color molding method, a sandwich molding method, PUSH-PULL, SCORIM, or the like can also be employed according to other purposes.
- the injection molding method is not limited to these.
- the molding temperature at the time of injection molding is preferably 140 to 190 ° C.
- the mold temperature is preferably 20 to 80 ° C., and more preferably 30 to 70 ° C.
- the molded article of the present invention can be suitably used in agriculture, fishery, forestry, horticulture, medicine, hygiene, food industry, clothing, non-clothing, packaging, automobiles, building materials, and other fields.
- Tanehaha medium 1w / v% Meat-extract, 1w / v% Bacto-Tryptone, 0.2w / v% Yeast-extract, 0.9w / v% Na 2 HPO 4 ⁇ 12H 2 O, 0.15w / V% KH 2 PO 4 (pH 6.8).
- the composition of the preculture medium is 1.1 w / v% Na 2 HPO 4 ⁇ 12H 2 O, 0.19 w / v% KH 2 PO 4 , 1.29 w / v% (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , 0.1 w / v% MgSO 4 ⁇ 7H 2 O , 0.5v / v% trace metal salt solution (1.6 w in 0.1N HCl / v% FeCl 3 ⁇ 6H 2 O, 1w / v% CaCl 2 ⁇ 2H 2 O, 0 0.02 w / v% CoCl 2 .6H 2 O, 0.016 w / v% CuSO 4 .5H 2 O, 0.012 w / v% NiCl 2 .6H 2 O).
- palm oil was added at a concentration of 10 g / L.
- the composition of the PHA production medium is 0.385 w / v% Na 2 HPO 4 ⁇ 12H 2 O, 0.067 w / v% KH 2 PO 4 , 0.291 w / v% (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , 0.1 w / v% MgSO 4 ⁇ 7H 2 O , 0.5v / v% trace metal salt solution (1.6 w in 0.1N HCl / v% FeCl 3 ⁇ 6H 2 O, 1w / v% CaCl 2 ⁇ 2H 2 O, 0 0.02 w / v% CoCl 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O, 0.016 w / v% CuSO 4 ⁇ 5H 2 O, 0.012 w / v% NiCl 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O), 0.05 w / v% BIOSPUREX 200K (Antifoamer: manufactured by Cognis Japan).
- a glycerol stock (50 ⁇ l) of the KNK-005 strain was inoculated into a seed medium (10 ml) and cultured for 24 hours to perform seed culture.
- 1.0 v / v% of the seed mother culture solution was inoculated into a 3 L jar fermenter (MDL-300 type, manufactured by Maruhishi Bioengine) containing 1.8 L of a preculture medium.
- the operating conditions were a culture temperature of 33 ° C., a stirring speed of 500 rpm, an aeration rate of 1.8 L / min, and the culture was performed for 28 hours while controlling the pH between 6.7 and 6.8.
- a 14% aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution was used for pH control.
- 1.0 V / v% of the preculture solution was inoculated into a 10 L jar fermenter (MDS-1000, manufactured by Maruhishi Bioengine) containing 6 L of production medium.
- the operating conditions were a culture temperature of 28 ° C., a stirring speed of 400 rpm, an aeration rate of 6.0 L / min, and a pH controlled between 6.7 and 6.8.
- a 14% aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution was used for pH control. Palm oil was used as the carbon source.
- Culturing was performed for 64 hours, and after completion of the cultivation, the cells were collected by centrifugation, washed with methanol, freeze-dried, and the weight of the dried cells was measured.
- He was used as the carrier gas
- the column inlet pressure was 100 kPa
- 1 ⁇ l of the sample was injected.
- the temperature was raised from an initial temperature of 100 to 200 ° C. at a rate of 8 ° C./min, and further from 200 to 290 ° C. at a rate of 30 ° C./min.
- PHA poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)
- the ratio of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) was 94.4 mol%
- the ratio of 3-hydroxyhexanoate (3HH) was 5.6 mol%.
- P3HB3HH was obtained from the culture solution by the method described in International Publication No. 2010/066753.
- the weight average molecular weight measured by GPC was 600,000.
- Polyhydroxyalkanoate A2 The one obtained in Production Example 2 was used.
- Polyhydroxyalkanoate raw materials A2 and P3HB3HH were obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 1, except that KNK-631 strain and palm kernel oil were used as the carbon source.
- the weight average molecular weight was 650,000, the ratio of 3HB was 88.6 mol%, and the ratio of 3HH was 11.4 mol%.
- Polyhydroxyalkanoate A3 The one obtained in Production Example 3 was used.
- Polyhydroxyalkanoate A4 EM5400F manufactured by Ecomann (poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate, P3HB4HB), 3HB ratio is 86 mol%, 4HB ratio is 14 mol%, weight The average molecular weight was 1.05 million).
- Copolymer B1-5 containing vinyl acetate The following products were used.
- B1 "Evaflex EV150” manufactured by Mitsui DuPont Polychemical Co. (EVA with 33% by weight VA)
- B2 “Levapren 500HV” manufactured by LANXESS (EVA 50% by weight EVA)
- B3 “Levapren 800HV” manufactured by LANXESS (EVA 80% by weight EVA)
- B4 “Elvalloy 741” manufactured by Mitsui DuPont Polychemical Co. (EVACO with a VA ratio of 24% by weight and a CO ratio of 10% by weight)
- B5 Mitsui / DuPont Polychemical's “Elvalloy 742” (EVACO with a VA ratio of 28.5% by weight and a CO ratio of 9% by weight)
- Example 1 (Production of aliphatic polyester resin composition) Polyhydroxyalkanoate A1, copolymer B1 containing vinyl acetate, pentaerythritol (Pentalit T manufactured by Guangei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) shown in Table 1 (hereinafter, the compounding ratio in the table indicates parts by weight) Then, using a same-direction meshing twin screw extruder (Toshiba Machine Co., Ltd .: TEM-26SS), melt polyester kneading at a set temperature of 120 to 160 ° C. (exit resin temperature of 170 ° C.) and a screw rotation speed of 100 rpm, and aliphatic polyester A resin composition was obtained. The resin temperature was determined by directly measuring the molten resin coming out of the die with a K-type thermocouple. The aliphatic polyester resin composition was drawn from a die in a strand shape and cut into a pellet shape.
- injection molding Using the obtained aliphatic polyester resin composition as a raw material, an injection molding machine (manufactured by Toshiba Machine Co., Ltd .: IS-75E) was used, and the cylinder setting temperature of the molding machine was 120 to 150 ° C. (exit resin temperature 168 ° C.). Was set to 55 ° C., and a flat molded body having a length of 120 mm, a width of 120 mm, and a thickness of 2 mm was formed.
- the processability of the aliphatic polyester resin composition of the present invention was evaluated by the release time at the time of injection molding.
- the time required until the mold can be opened and ejected without deforming the test piece with the ejector pin and released from the mold is the mold release time. It was. The shorter the mold release time, the faster the crystallization, and the better the molding processability is.
- Examples 2 to 4> In the same manner as in Example 1 with the compounding ratio shown in Table 1, pellets of the aliphatic polyester resin composition were prepared, compatibility check, mold release time for injection molding, and bloom of flat molded body Evaluation was also performed. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Examples 5 to 7> ⁇ Comparative Examples 5 to 7>
- pellets of the aliphatic polyester resin composition were prepared, the compatibility was confirmed, the mold release time for injection molding, and the bloom of the flat molded body Evaluation was also performed. The results are shown in Table 2.
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Abstract
Description
[-CHR-CH2-CO-O-] (1)
(式中、RはCnH2n+1で表されるアルキル基で、nは1以上15以下の整数である。)、
で示される繰り返し単位を含むことが好ましい。
本発明において、PHA(A)は、一般式:[-CHR-CH2-CO-O-]で示される繰り返し単位を含む脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂である。
[-CHR-CH2-CO-O-]
(式中、RはCnH2n+1で表されるアルキル基で、nは1以上15以下の整数である。)で示される繰り返し単位を含む脂肪族ポリエステルであることが好ましい。
本発明に用いる酢酸ビニルを含む共重合体(B)は、酢酸ビニルを構成単位として含み、PHA(A)と酢酸ビニルを含む共重合体(B)が非相溶となるものであれば、特に制限されないが、エチレンおよび酢酸ビニルを構成単位として含むものが好ましい。
エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体は酢酸ビニル比率(以下、VA比率と称する場合がある)が30~60重量%のものが好ましく、35~60重量%がより好ましい。VA比率が30重量%未満であると、成形体表面が剥離する場合がある。VA比率が60重量%を超えると、PHAとEVAが完全に相溶し、成形体からのブルームを抑制できない場合がある。なお、前記EVAのVA比率は、JIS K 7192に準じて求めることができる。
エチレン-酢酸ビニル-一酸化炭素三元共重合体はVA比率が20~40重量%かつ、一酸化炭素比率5~20重量%であるものが好ましい。VA比率が20重量%未満であると、成形体表面が剥離する場合がある。VA比率が40重量%を超えると、PHAとEVACOが完全に相溶し、ペンタエリスリトールのブルームを抑制できない場合がある。
本発明の脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂組成物ではポリヒドロキシアルカノエートの結晶核剤としてペンタエリスリトール(C)が用いられる。
本発明の脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂組成物は、ポリヒドロキシアルカノエート単独、あるいは、ポリヒドロキシアルカノエートとペンタエリスリトール以外の糖アルコール化合物を含む樹脂組成物に比べて、加工時の樹脂組成物の結晶化が幅広い加工条件で安定して進行する点で優れているので以下に示すような利点がある。
本発明の脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂組成物からなる成形体の製造方法を以下に例示する。
・ポリヒドロキシアルカノエートA1: 製造例1で得られたものを用いた。
培養生産にはKNK-005株(米国特許7384766号参照)を用いた。
KNK-631株および炭素源としてパーム核油を用いた以外は、製造例1と同様の方法でポリヒドロキシアルカノエート原料A2、P3HB3HHを得た。重量平均分子量は65万、3HBの比率は、88.6モル%、3HHの比率は、11.4モル%であった。
生産菌株としてC.necatorH16株(ATCC17699)を用い、国際公開第09/145164号に準拠して、重量平均分子量が85万のP3HBを作製した。
B2:LANXESS社製「Levapren500HV」(VA比率50重量%のEVA)
B3:LANXESS社製「Levapren800HV」(VA比率80重量%のEVA)
B4:三井・デュポン ポリケミカル社製「エルバロイ741」(VA比率24重量%、CO比率10重量%のEVACO)
B5:三井・デュポン ポリケミカル社製「エルバロイ742」(VA比率28.5重量%、CO比率9重量%のEVACO)
(脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂組成物の製造)
ポリヒドロキシアルカノエートA1、酢酸ビニルを含む共重合体B1、ペンタエリスリトール(広栄化学工業社製ペンタリットT)を、表1に示した配合比(以下、表中の配合比は、重量部を示す)で、同方向噛合型二軸押出機(東芝機械社製:TEM-26SS)を用いて、設定温度120~160℃(出口樹脂温度170℃)、スクリュ回転数100rpmで溶融混練し、脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂組成物を得た。樹脂温度はダイスから出てくる溶融した樹脂を直接K型熱電対で測定した。当該脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂組成物をダイスからストランド状に引き取り、ペレット状にカットした。
脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂組成物または脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂成形体について、23℃、湿度50%雰囲気下にて1ヶ月保存した後、透過型電子顕微鏡(日立製作所社製「H-7650」)を用い、RuO4染色した脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂組成物または脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂成形体を1万~4万倍で観察することで、PHAが連続相で酢酸ビニルを含む共重合体が分散相(黒く大きな固まりとして見える)となった状態である場合を「非相溶」(図1)とし、PHAと酢酸ビニルを含む共重合体が判別できない状態(黒く大きな固まりが全く見えない)まで分散している場合を「相溶」(図2)とした。
得られた脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂組成物を原料として、射出成形機(東芝機械社製:IS-75E)を用い、成形機のシリンダー設定温度は120~150℃(出口樹脂温度168℃)、金型の設定温度は55℃で、縦120mm、横120mm、厚み2mmの平板状成形体を成形した。
本発明の脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂組成物の加工性は射出成形時の離型時間で評価した。上記の射出成形において、金型内に樹脂を射出した後、金型を開いて突き出しピンによって試験片を変形させることなく突き出し、金型から離型させることができるまでに要する時間を離型時間とした。離型時間が短いほど結晶化が早く、成形加工性が良好で改善されていることを示す。
射出成形で得られた脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂組成物よりなる平板状成形体を23℃、湿度50%雰囲気下にて3ヶ月保存および12ヶ月保存した後と、60℃のオーブン中で24時間アニールした後の平板状成形体の表面を目視した際に、白い粉状の物質が出てきていない場合を○、出てきている場合を×とした。
表1に示すような配合比で、実施例1と同様の方法で、脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂組成物のペレットを作製し、相溶性の確認、射出成形の離型時間、および平板状成形体のブルーム評価も行った。結果は表1に示した。
表1に示すような配合比で、実施例1と同様の方法で、脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂組成物のペレットを作製し、相溶性の確認、射出成形の離型時間、および平板状成形体のブルーム評価も行った。結果は表1に示した。
表2に示すような配合比で、実施例1と同様の方法で、脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂組成物のペレットを作製し、相溶性の確認、射出成形の離型時間、および平板状成形体のブルーム評価も行った。結果は表2に示した。
Claims (9)
- ポリヒドロキシアルカノエート(A)、酢酸ビニルを含む共重合体(B)およびペンタエリスリトール(C)を含有する脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂組成物であり、
ポリヒドロキシアルカノエート(A)と酢酸ビニルを含む共重合体(B)が非相溶である脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂組成物。 - 前記ポリヒドロキシアルカノエート(A)100重量部に対して、前記酢酸ビニルを含む共重合体(B)を0.5~5重量部、前記ペンタエリスリトール(C)を0.05~20重量部を含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂組成物。
- 前記酢酸ビニルを含む共重合体(B)がエチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂組成物。
- 前記酢酸ビニルを含む共重合体(B)が酢酸ビニル比率30~60重量%であるエチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体であることを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂組成物。
- 前記酢酸ビニルを含む共重合体(B)がエチレン-酢酸ビニル-一酸化炭素三元共重合体であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂組成物。
- 前記酢酸ビニルを含む共重合体(B)が酢酸ビニル比率20~40重量%かつ、一酸化炭素比率5~20重量%であることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂組成物。
- 前記ポリヒドロキシアルカノエート(A)が、下記一般式(1)
[-CHR-CH2-CO-O-] (1)
(式中、RはCnH2n+1で表されるアルキル基で、nは1以上15以下の整数である。)、
で示される繰り返し単位を含むことを特徴とする請求項1~6の何れかに記載の脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂組成物。 - 前記ポリヒドロキシアルカノエート(A)が、ポリ(3-ヒドロキシブチレート)、ポリ(3-ヒドロキシブチレート-コ-3-ヒドロキシバレレート)、ポリ(3-ヒドロキシブチレート-コ-3-ヒドロキシバレレート-コ-3-ヒドロキシヘキサノエート)、ポリ(3-ヒドロキシブチレート-コ-3-ヒドロキシヘキサノエート)、及びポリ(3-ヒドロキシブチレート-コ-4-ヒドロキシブチレート)から選択される1種以上であることを特徴とする請求項1~7の何れかに記載の脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1~8の何れかに記載の脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂組成物を成形してなる脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂成形体。
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KR20240134063A (ko) | 2017-08-29 | 2024-09-05 | 미쯔비시 가스 케미칼 컴파니, 인코포레이티드 | 4-하이드록시부티레이트 단위를 포함하는 폴리에스테르 |
KR20240134066A (ko) | 2017-08-29 | 2024-09-05 | 미쯔비시 가스 케미칼 컴파니, 인코포레이티드 | 4-하이드록시부티레이트 단위를 포함하는 폴리에스테르 |
JP2019119840A (ja) * | 2018-01-11 | 2019-07-22 | 株式会社カネカ | 脂肪族ポリエステル樹脂組成物 |
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EP3088467B1 (en) | 2019-04-10 |
EP3088467A4 (en) | 2017-07-12 |
US9890279B2 (en) | 2018-02-13 |
EP3088467A1 (en) | 2016-11-02 |
JP6480345B2 (ja) | 2019-03-06 |
JPWO2015098001A1 (ja) | 2017-03-23 |
US20160326364A1 (en) | 2016-11-10 |
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