WO2015096445A1 - 一种米曲霉成熟干酪及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种米曲霉成熟干酪及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015096445A1
WO2015096445A1 PCT/CN2014/081442 CN2014081442W WO2015096445A1 WO 2015096445 A1 WO2015096445 A1 WO 2015096445A1 CN 2014081442 W CN2014081442 W CN 2014081442W WO 2015096445 A1 WO2015096445 A1 WO 2015096445A1
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Prior art keywords
aspergillus oryzae
preparation
curd
milk
spore powder
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PCT/CN2014/081442
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
侯建平
郭本恒
刘振民
于华宁
杭锋
宋馨
穆海菠
王钦博
朱军伟
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光明乳业股份有限公司
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Application filed by 光明乳业股份有限公司 filed Critical 光明乳业股份有限公司
Priority to US15/107,104 priority Critical patent/US11712043B2/en
Priority to AU2014373324A priority patent/AU2014373324B2/en
Publication of WO2015096445A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015096445A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23CDAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
    • A23C19/00Cheese; Cheese preparations; Making thereof
    • A23C19/02Making cheese curd
    • A23C19/032Making cheese curd characterised by the use of specific microorganisms, or enzymes of microbial origin
    • A23C19/0326Rennet produced by fermentation, e.g. microbial rennet; Rennet produced by genetic engineering
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23CDAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
    • A23C19/00Cheese; Cheese preparations; Making thereof
    • A23C19/02Making cheese curd
    • A23C19/032Making cheese curd characterised by the use of specific microorganisms, or enzymes of microbial origin

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an Aspergillus oryzae mature cheese and a preparation method thereof. Background technique
  • China has abundant microbial resources, and many microbes have been used in traditional foods for thousands of years. These microbial fermented foods are very popular among Chinese people in terms of flavor and taste. Using the microbial resources widely used in traditional foods in China, we have researched and developed natural cheese suitable for people's taste in China, which has become one of the hot spots in cheese development research.
  • Aspergillus oryzae has been used in food for more than a thousand years. It is an important microorganism and plays an important role in the fermentation industry. It has a wide range of applications in the production of rice wine, soy sauce, bean paste and medical protein.
  • the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) determined that Aspergillus oryzae is a safe microorganism (GRAS grade). Aspergillus oryzae has a large protease system that, under the action of these proteases, degrades macromolecular proteins into more readily digestible polypeptides and amino acids.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an Aspergillus oryzae in order to overcome the drawback that the existing cheese mainly relies on imports, and the flavor of the imported cheese does not conform to the eating habits of Chinese consumers.
  • the cooked cheese and the preparation method thereof have the unique flavor and high nutritional value of the cheese prepared by the preparation method of the invention; meanwhile, the preparation method of the invention is simple and convenient, the production cycle is short, and the utility model is convenient for popularization and application.
  • the present invention mainly solves the above technical problems by the following technical solutions.
  • the invention provides a preparation method of Aspergillus oryzae mature cheese, which comprises the following steps:
  • the sterilized raw material milk is inoculated with lactic acid bacteria starter and Aspergillus oryzae erg Zto Oryzae spore powder, and fermented to a pH of 6.3 to 6.5; the amount of the Aspergillus oryzae spore powder is 0.001 of the mass of the raw milk. 0 ⁇ 0.008 0 ;
  • the raw material milk is a raw material milk which is conventional in the art, and the raw material milk is preferably a raw milk and/or a reconstituted milk which meets the national food standard.
  • the source of the raw milk is preferably one or more of cow's milk, horse's milk, goat's milk and camelid milk.
  • the sterilization method and conditions are conventional methods and conditions for sterilization in the art, preferably pasteurization.
  • the pasteurization temperature is preferably from 70 ° C to 72 ° C.
  • the pasteurization time is preferably from 15 s to 60 s.
  • the sterilized raw material milk is preferably further subjected to a cooling treatment, and the cooling temperature is preferably 28 ° C to 33 ° C.
  • the methods and conditions of the fermentation are conventional methods and conditions in the art.
  • the fermentation is preferably carried out at a constant temperature, and the temperature of the fermentation is preferably from 28 ° C to 33 ° C.
  • the fermentation time is generally 30 min to 150 mii.
  • the lactic acid bacteria starter is a lactic acid bacteria starter conventionally used in the art for preparing cheese, and the lactic acid bacteria (Lactic acid bacteria) in the lactic acid bacteria starter is preferably Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar. diacetylactis - - Wozhong or Duohe.
  • the lactic acid bacteria starter is preferably one or more of R-704 starter of Ke Hansen, MM100 starter of Danisco, and starter of LL-50 of DSM;
  • the amount of the lactic acid bacteria starter added is a conventional addition amount in the art, and it is preferable to add 0.6 to 2.0 g of lactic acid bacteria starter per 100 L of raw material milk, and more preferably 1.0 to 1.5 g of lactic acid bacteria per 100 L of raw material milk. Starter.
  • the Aspergillus oryzae spergill Oryzae spore powder may be an Aspergillus oryzae spore powder conventionally used in the field of food processing.
  • the amount of the Aspergillus oryzae spore powder added is preferably 0.002% of the mass of the raw milk. ⁇ 0.006%. More preferably, it is 0.003%. ⁇ 0.005%.
  • the thousand ratios are all the ratio of the mass of the Aspergillus oryzae spore powder to the mass of the raw milk.
  • the added form of the Aspergillus oryzae spore powder may be added in accordance with a conventional addition form in the art; preferably, it is added in the form of a solution of Aspergillus oryzae spore powder.
  • the preparation method and conditions of the Aspergillus oryzae spore powder solution may be the conventional methods and conditions in the art.
  • the method comprises the following steps: dispersing Aspergillus oryzae spore powder in sterile water, wherein the Aspergillus oryzae spore
  • the quality of the powder is preferably from 0.1% to 5% by mass of the sterile water.
  • the chymosin is a chymosin conventional in the art, preferably calf chymosin and/or microbial chymosin.
  • the amount of the chymosin added is a conventional addition amount in the art, and it is preferable to add 1.0 g to 2.0 g of chymosin per 100 L of the raw material milk, and more preferably 1.2 g per 100 L of the raw material milk. 1.8 g of chymosin.
  • the time of the curd may be a conventional time for curd in the field, preferably 30 to 60 minutes.
  • the cutting method and conditions may be conventional methods and conditions in the art.
  • the cutting is preferably a wire cutter with a blade spacing of 10 mm to 30 mm, and the curd is Cut into a curd block.
  • the method and conditions of the pickling are conventional methods and conditions for pickling in the field.
  • the pickling comprises the following steps: the curd block is at a mass concentration of The pickling is carried out in a 15% to 20% aqueous solution of sodium chloride, and the percentage refers to the percentage of the mass of sodium chloride relative to the total mass of the aqueous solution of sodium chloride.
  • the aqueous sodium chloride solution in the present invention is generally an aqueous salt solution.
  • the end point of the pickling is to infiltrate sodium chloride into the cheese, preferably the content of sodium chloride in the curd block is 0.3% to 3%, more preferably 0.6% to 1.5%, the percentage It refers to the percentage of the mass of sodium chloride relative to the total mass of the curd.
  • the pickling time is generally 10 to 12 hours.
  • the purpose of the ripening is to make the Aspergillus oryzae grow better to mature the cheese.
  • the mature condition is 1 to 7 days of ripening at 20 to 30 ° C; 7 to 15 days of ripening at 15 ° C to 20 ° C; at 8 ° C to 12 ° Under the condition of C, it can continue to mature for 10 to 20 days, wherein the mature relative humidity of the environment is preferably 90% to 93%.
  • the present invention also provides an Aspergillus oryzae mature cheese obtained by the above preparation method.
  • the reagents and starting materials used in the present invention are commercially available.
  • the Aspergillus oryzae mature cheese prepared by the preparation method of the invention fills the blank in the field of natural cheese research at home and abroad; the prepared Aspergillus oryzae mature cheese has more flavor and taste than the eating habits of the Chinese people; meanwhile, the preparation method of the invention Easy to use, short maturity, easy to promote and apply.
  • reagents or starting materials used are available on a conventional commercial basis unless otherwise stated. Unless otherwise stated, the percentage stated is the mass percentage, and the thousand ratio is the mass fraction.
  • Lactic acid bacteria starter R-704 starter from Ke Hansen Co., Ltd., MM100 starter from Danisco, and starter from LL-50 from DSM; Aspergillus oryzae spore powder: Shanghai Huiling Enzyme Products Co., Ltd.;
  • Curd enzyme product from Hansen Co., Ltd. (Fromase 750XLG);
  • the curd block After defrosting the curd block, it is molded into a mold. After demoulding, it is marinated with a 15% sodium chloride aqueous solution for 12 hours, so that the content of sodium chloride in the curd block is 0.6%, mature.
  • the maturity is 5 days of ripening at 25 ° C; 7 days of ripening at 20 ° C; 15 days of ripening at 8 ° C; the environment of the cheese during the whole ripening period The relative humidity is 95%.
  • the Aspergillus oryzae mature cheese of the present embodiment obtained by the above method has a fine taste and a mild flavor.
  • the whey After the whey is discharged, it is molded into a mold. After the mold is released, it is marinated with an aqueous solution of 18% by weight of sodium chloride for 12 hours, so that the content of sodium chloride in the curd block is 1.0%, and it is mature.
  • the maturity is matured at 25 ° C for 1 day; matured at 20 ° C for 15 days; continued to mature for 10 days at 8 ° C; the relative humidity of the cheese in the environment during the ripening period is 85 %.
  • the Aspergillus oryzae mature cheese of the present embodiment obtained by the above method has a fine taste and a mild flavor.
  • Example 3 (1) 100L fresh milk was sterilized at 72 ° C for 15 s, then cooled to 30 ° C, and inoculated with 2 g of R-704 starter and 0.006%. Aspergillus oryzae spore powder, fermented at 30 ° C for 30 min to a pH of 6.3;
  • the Aspergillus oryzae mature cheese of the present embodiment obtained by the above method has a fine taste and a mild flavor.
  • the Aspergillus oryzae mature cheese of the present embodiment obtained by the above method has a fine taste and a mild flavor.
  • Example 5 The Aspergillus oryzae mature cheese of the present embodiment obtained by the above method has a fine taste and a mild flavor.
  • the Aspergillus oryzae mature cheese of the present embodiment obtained by the above method has a fine taste and a mild flavor. Comparative Example 1
  • Example 1 The Aspergillus oryzae in Example 1 was changed to Geotrichum Candidum Link & magazin.), and the other process steps were the same, and the prepared crude ground cheese of Geotrichum candidum was used as a control 1 .
  • Example 1 0.002% of the mass of the raw milk in Example 1 was used.
  • the Aspergillus oryzae spore powder was changed to 0.01% of the mass of the raw milk. Aspergillus oryzae spore powder, the other process steps are the same, and the prepared cheese is used as a control 2 .
  • Example 1 The fermentation in Example 1 was changed to a pH of 6.5 and the fermentation was carried out to a pH of 5.8. The other process steps were the same, and the obtained cheese was used as a control 3 .
  • Example 1 The mature conditions in Example 1 were changed to 20 days of ripening at 20 ° C, and the other process steps were the same, and the obtained cheese was used as a control 4 .
  • the sensory evaluation criteria for cheese are as shown in Table 1.
  • the Aspergillus oryzae mature cheese prepared in Examples 1 to 5 and the cheese prepared in Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were subjected to sensory evaluation according to the standards of Table 1, and the results are shown in Table 2.
  • Flavor has the unique taste and odor of this kind of cheese, no odor (0-20 points). The taste is moderate, with mild milky aroma (0-30 points)
  • the cheese obtained in Comparative Example 3 had lower scores in tissue state and mouthfeel than the Aspergillus oryzae mature cheeses in Examples 1 to 5, which was caused by lower fermentation acidity.
  • Comparative Example 4 illustrates that the temperature and time control of the Aspergillus oryzae cheese during the ripening process also has a significant effect on the cheese structure, resulting in a lower overall score of the cheese obtained in Comparative Example 4. Aspergillus oryzae mature cheese in Examples 1 to 5.
  • Aspergillus oryzae mature cheese is comparable to the traditional white mold cheese and has a good commercial application prospect.

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Abstract

公开了一种米曲霉成熟干酪及其制备方法,所述的米曲霉干酪的制备方法,包括下列步骤:(1)将杀菌后的原料乳,接种乳酸菌发酵剂和米曲霉孢子粉,发酵至pH值为6.3-6.5;所述的米曲霉孢子粉的添加量为原料乳质量的0.001%-0.008%;(2)添加凝乳酶,凝乳后得凝乳;(3)切割凝乳,得凝乳块;(4)将凝乳块排乳清后入模成型,脱模后腌渍、成熟,20-30°C成熟1-7天;15-20°C成熟5-15天;8-12°C继续成熟10-20天;所述的成熟的环境相对湿度为85%-95%。

Description

一种米曲霉成熟干酪及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种米曲霉成熟干酪及其制备方法。 背景技术
干酪是一种古老且传统的食品, 由于我国对干酪的研究起步相对较晚, 同时也缺乏拥有自主知识产权的干酪生产的关键技术, 因此, 我国天然干酪 的产量很低, 大部分干酪产品依赖国外进口。 但是, 进口天然干酪的风味和 口感比较适合外国人的饮食习惯, 其风味和口感并不为我国人们所喜爱。
我国拥有丰富的微生物资源, 许多微生物在我国传统食品中的应用已经 有上千年的历史。这些微生物发酵食品在风味和口感方面深受我国人们喜爱。 利用我国传统食品中广泛应用的微生物资源,研究并开发出适合我国人们口 味的天然干酪, 成为干酪开发研究的热点之一。
米曲霉在食品中的应用已有一千多年的历史, 为一种重要的微生物, 在 发酵工业中具有重要的作用, 其在米酒、 酱油、 豆酱、 医用蛋白的生产中具 有广泛的应用, 美国食品与药品管理局 (FDA)认定米曲霉是一种安全的微 生物 (GRAS 级)。 米曲霉具有庞大的蛋白酶系, 在这些蛋白酶系的作用下 可将大分子蛋白质降解为更易消化吸收的多肽和氨基酸。 由于米曲霉在我国 食品中的应用历史悠久, 其发酵食品的风味已符合我国人们的饮食习惯, 并 且深受人们的喜爱, 因此, 有关米曲霉在发酵食品方面的研究具有极大的资 源优势。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是为了克服现有的干酪主要依靠进口, 且进 口干酪的风味不符合中国消费者的饮食习惯的缺陷, 而提供了一种米曲霉成 熟干酪及其制备方法,本发明的制备方法制得的干酪风味独特,营养价值高; 同时, 本发明的制备方法简便易行, 生产周期短, 便于推广应用。
本发明主要是通过以下技术方案解决上述技术问题的。
本发明提供了一种米曲霉成熟干酪的制备方法, 其包含下列步骤:
(1)将杀菌后的原料乳,接种乳酸菌发酵剂和米曲霉 ^erg Zto Oryzae) 孢子粉, 发酵至 pH值为 6.3~6.5; 所述的米曲霉孢子粉的添加量为原料乳质 量的 0.001 0~0.008 0
(2) 添加凝乳酶, 凝乳后得凝乳;
(3) 将所述的凝乳进行切割处理, 得凝乳块;
(4) 将所述的凝乳块排乳清后入模成型、 脱模后腌渍、 成熟, 即可; 所述的成熟为于 20°C~30°C的条件下成熟 1~7天; 于 15°C~20°C的条件下成 熟 7~15天; 于 8°C~12°C的条件下继续成熟 10~20天; 所述成熟的环境相对 湿度为 85%~95%。
步骤 (1) 中, 所述的原料乳为本领域常规的原料乳, 所述的原料乳较 佳地为符合国家食品标准的生鲜乳和 /或复原乳。所述的原料乳的来源较佳地 为牛乳、 马乳、 羊乳和驼乳中的一种或多种。
步骤 (1) 中, 所述的杀菌的方法和条件为本领域杀菌常规的方法和条 件, 较佳地为巴氏杀菌。 所述的巴氏杀菌的温度较佳地为 70°C~72°C。 所述 的巴氏杀菌的时间较佳地为 15s~60s。 所述的杀菌结束后, 较佳地将杀菌后 的原料乳还进行冷却处理, 所述的冷却的温度较佳地为 28°C~33°C。
步骤 (1) 中, 所述的发酵的方法和条件为本领域常规的方法和条件。 所述的发酵较佳地在恒定的温度下进行, 所述的发酵的温度较佳地为 28°C ~33°C。 为了使发酵结束后 pH值能够达到 6.3~6.5, 所述的发酵的时间一般 为 30min~150mii 。
步骤 (1) 中, 所述的乳酸菌发酵剂为本领域常规用于制备干酪的乳酸 菌发酵剂, 所述的乳酸菌发酵剂中的乳酸菌 (Lactic acid bacteria)较佳地为 乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种 (Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris ) , 乳酸乳球菌乳亚 种 Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis ) 和乳酸乳球菌乳亚种丁二酮变种 (Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar. diacetylactis ) 中的——禾中或多禾中。 所述 的乳酸菌发酵剂较佳地为科 ·汉森公司的 R-704 发酵剂、 丹尼斯克公司的 MM100发酵剂和帝斯曼公司的 LL-50的发酵剂中的一种或多种; 所述的乳 酸菌发酵剂的添加量为本领域常规的添加量, 较佳地为每 100L原料乳中添 加 0.6~2.0g乳酸菌发酵剂, 更佳地为每 100L原料乳中添加 1.0~1.5g的乳酸 菌发酵剂。
步骤(1 ) 中, 所述的米曲霉 spergill Oryzae 孢子粉可为食品加工 领域中常规使用的米曲霉孢子粉。所述的米曲霉孢子粉的添加量较佳地为原 料乳质量的 0.002%。~0.006%。, 更佳地为 0.003%。~0.005%。, 所述的千分比均 为所述的米曲霉孢子粉的质量相对于原料乳质量的千分比。所述的米曲霉孢 子粉的添加形式可按照本领域常规的添加形式进行添加;较佳地以米曲霉孢 子粉溶液的形式添加。所述的米曲霉孢子粉溶液的制备方法和条件可为本领 域常规的方法和条件, 较佳地, 包括下列步骤: 将米曲霉孢子粉分散在无菌 水中, 其中, 所述的米曲霉孢子粉的质量较佳地为无菌水质量的 0.1 %~5%。
步骤 (2 ) 中, 所述的凝乳酶为本领域常规的凝乳酶, 较佳地为小牛胃 凝乳酶和 /或微生物凝乳酶。 所述的凝乳酶的添加量为本领域常规的添加量, 较佳地为每 100L原料乳中添加 1.0g~2.0g的凝乳酶, 更佳地为每 100L原料 乳中添加 1.2g~1.8g的凝乳酶。 所述的凝乳的时间可为本领域凝乳常规的时 间, 较佳地为 30~60min。
步骤(3 )中,所述的切割的方法和条件可为本领域常规的方法和条件, 本发明中, 所述的切割较佳地为以刃间距为 10mm~30mm的钢丝刀, 将凝乳 切割成凝乳块。
步骤 (4 ) 中, 所述的腌渍的方法和条件为本领域腌渍常规的方法和条 件。 本发明中, 所述的腌渍包含下列步骤: 将所述的凝乳块在质量浓度为 15%~20%的氯化钠水溶液中进行腌渍, 即可, 所述的百分比是指氯化钠的质 量相对于氯化钠水溶液总质量的百分比。本发明中的氯化钠水溶液一般为食 盐水溶液。 所述的腌渍的终点是使氯化钠渗入干酪中, 较佳地使凝乳块中的 氯化钠的含量为 0.3%~3%, 更佳地为 0.6%~1.5%, 所述的百分比是指氯化钠 的质量相对于凝乳块总质量的百分比。所述的腌渍的时间一般为 10~12小时。
步骤 (4) 中, 所述的成熟的目的是为了使米曲霉更好地生长以成熟干 酪。 较佳地, 所述的成熟的条件为于 20~30°C的条件下成熟 1~7天; 于 15°C ~20°C的条件下成熟 7~15天; 于 8°C~12°C的条件下继续成熟 10~20天, 即 可; 其中, 所述的成熟的环境相对湿度较佳地为 90%~93%。
本发明还提供了一种由上述制备方法制得的米曲霉成熟干酪。
在不违背本领域常识的基础上, 上述各优选条件, 可任意组合, 即得本 发明各较佳实例。
本发明所用试剂和原料均市售可得。
本发明的积极进步效果在于:
本发明制备方法制得的米曲霉成熟干酪, 填补了国内外在天然干酪研究 领域的空白; 制得的米曲霉成熟干酪其风味和口感更适合我国人民的饮食习 惯; 同时, 本发明的制备方法简便易行, 成熟周期短, 便于推广应用。 具体实施方式
下面通过实施例的方式进一步说明本发明,但并不因此将本发明限制在 所述的实施例范围之中。 下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法, 按照常 规方法和条件, 或按照商品说明书选择。
所用试剂或原料如无特殊说明,均为常规市售途径可得。如无特殊说明, 所述的百分比为质量百分比, 所述的千分比为质量千分比。
乳酸菌发酵剂: 科*汉森有限公司的 R-704 发酵剂、 丹尼斯克公司的 MM100发酵剂和帝斯曼公司的 LL-50的发酵剂; 米曲霉孢子粉: 上海惠灵酶制品有限公司;
凝乳酶: 科*汉森有限公司产品 (Fromase 750XLG);
白地霉: 丹尼斯克有限公司产品 (GEO 17)。
实施例 1
( 1 ) 将 100L鲜牛乳于 72°C的条件下杀菌 15s后冷却至 30°C, 接种 2g R-704发酵剂和 0.002%。的米曲霉孢子粉, 30 °C下发酵 lOOmin至 pH值为 6.5;
(2) 添加 1.2g小牛胃凝乳酶, 凝乳 50min, 得凝乳;
(3 ) 以刃间距为 10mm~30mm的钢丝刀, 将凝乳进行切割处理, 得凝 乳块;
(4) 将凝乳块排乳清后入模成型, 脱模后用质量分数为 15%的氯化钠 水溶液腌渍 12小时, 使得凝乳块中的氯化钠的含量为 0.6%, 成熟, 即可; 所述的成熟为于 25°C的条件下成熟 5天; 于 20°C的条件下成熟 7天; 于 8°C 的条件下继续成熟 15天; 整个成熟期间干酪所处环境的相对湿度为 95%。
通过上述方法获得的本实施例的米曲霉成熟干酪,口感细腻,风味温和。 实施例 2
( 1 )将 100L鲜牛乳于 72°C条件下杀菌 15s后冷却至 30°C,接种 2g R-704 发酵剂和 0.004%。的米曲霉孢子粉, 30°C下发酵 60min至 pH值为 6.4;
(2) 添加 1.2g微生物凝乳酶, 凝乳 50min, 得凝乳;
(3 ) 以刃间距为 10mm~30mm的钢丝刀, 将凝乳进行切割处理, 得凝 乳块;
(4) 排乳清后入模成型, 脱模后用质量浓度为 18%的氯化钠水溶液腌 渍 12小时, 使得凝乳块中的氯化钠的含量为 1.0%, 成熟, 即可: 所述的成 熟为于 25°C的条件下成熟 1天; 于 20°C的条件下成熟 15天; 于 8°C的条件 下继续成熟 10天; 整个成熟期间干酪所处环境的相对湿度为 85%。
通过上述方法获得的本实施例的米曲霉成熟干酪,口感细腻,风味温和。 实施例 3 ( 1 )将 100L鲜牛乳于 72°C条件下杀菌 15s后冷却至 30°C,接种 2g R-704 发酵剂和 0.006%。的米曲霉孢子粉, 30°C下发酵 30min至 pH值为 6.3;
( 2) 添加 1.2g小牛胃凝乳酶, 凝乳 50min, 得凝乳;
( 3 ) 以刃间距为 10mm~30mm的钢丝刀, 将凝乳进行切割处理, 得凝 乳块;
(4)排乳清后入模成型, 脱模后用质量浓度为 20%的食盐水腌渍 10小 时, 使得凝乳块中的氯化钠的含量为 1.5%, 成熟, 即可: 所述的成熟为于 25°C的条件下成熟 5天; 于 20 °C的条件下成熟 5天; 于 8°C的条件下继续成 熟 15天; 整个成熟期间干酪所处环境的相对湿度为 90%。
通过上述方法获得的本实施例的米曲霉成熟干酪,口感细腻,风味温和。 实施例 4
( 1 ) 将 100L鲜牛乳于 70°C条件下杀菌 60s后冷却至 28°C, 接种 0.6g MM100发酵剂和 0.004%。的米曲霉孢子粉, 28°C下发酵 150min至 pH值为 6.5;
( 2) 添加 l.Og微生物凝乳酶, 凝乳 30min, 得凝乳;
( 3 ) 以刃间距为 10mm~30mm的钢丝刀, 将凝乳进行切割处理, 得凝 乳块;
(4) 排乳清后入模成型, 脱模后用质量浓度为 15%的氯化钠水溶液腌 渍 10小时, 使得凝乳块中的氯化钠的含量为 0.3%, 成熟, 即可: 所述的成 熟为于 20°C的条件下成熟 5天; 于 15 °C的条件下成熟 15天; 于 12°C的条件 下继续成熟 10天; 整个成熟期间干酪所处环境的相对湿度为 93%。
通过上述方法获得的本实施例的米曲霉成熟干酪,口感细腻,风味温和。 实施例 5
( 1 ) 将 100L鲜牛乳于 70°C条件下杀菌 60s后冷却至 33°C, 接种 1.5g R-704发酵剂和 0.1%的米曲霉孢子粉溶液(其中米曲霉孢子粉的用量为原料 乳质量的 0.006%。), 33°C下发酵 60min至 pH值为 6.3; ( 2 ) 添加 1.8g微生物凝乳酶, 凝乳 30min, 得凝乳;
( 3 ) 以刃间距为 10mm~30mm的钢丝刀, 将凝乳进行切割处理, 得凝 乳块;
( 4 ) 排乳清后入模成型, 脱模后用质量浓度为 20%的氯化钠水溶液腌 渍 10小时, 使得凝乳块中的氯化钠的含量为 1.5%, 成熟, 即可: 所述的成 熟为于 30°C的条件下成熟 7天; 于 20°C的条件下成熟 7天; 于 10°C的条件 下继续成熟 20天; 整个成熟期间干酪所处环境的相对湿度为 90%。
通过上述方法获得的本实施例的米曲霉成熟干酪,口感细腻,风味温和。 对比实施例 1
将实施例 1 中的米曲霉换为白地霉 i Geotrichum Candidum Link & Magazin.), 其他工艺步骤相同, 制得的白地霉成熟干酪作为对照品 1。
对比实施例 2
将实施例 1 中的原料乳质量的 0.002%。米曲霉孢子粉换为原料乳质量的 0.01%。米曲霉孢子粉, 其他工艺步骤相同, 制得的干酪作为对照品 2。
对比实施例 3
将实施例 1中的发酵至 pH值为 6.5改为发酵至 pH值为 5.8, 其他工艺 步骤相同, 制得的干酪作为对照品 3。
对比实施例 4
将实施例 1中的成熟的条件换为于为 20°C的条件下成熟 20天, 其他工 艺步骤相同, 制得的干酪作为对照品 4。
根据国标 GB25192-2010和 GB5420-2010综合制定干酪感官评定标准如 表 1所示。对实施例 1~5制备的米曲霉成熟干酪和对比例实施例 1~4制得的 干酪, 按照表 1的标准进行感官评定, 结果如表 2所示。
表 1 干酪的感官评定标准
Figure imgf000008_0001
外形 色泽均匀, 光滑柔软有光泽 (0-30分)
风味 具有该种干酪特有的滋味和气味, 无异味 (0-20分) 口感 咀嚼性适中, 具有温和奶香味 (0-30分)
表 2 实施例和对比例干酪的感官评定结果
Figure imgf000009_0001
从感官测评结果可以看出,实施例 1~5制备的米曲霉成熟干酪与对比实 施例 1 的白地霉成熟干酪相比, 组织状态并无明显差别, 外形上亦无差别, 而在风味方面,米曲霉成熟干酪的得分明显高于对比实施例 1制得的白地霉 成熟干酪。可能由于本发明的米曲霉成熟干酪打破了人们对传统成熟干酪的 认识, 其风味与我国米曲霉传统发酵食品类似, 易于被中国消费者所接受, 其风味和口感均略高。
对比实施例 2中, 当米曲霉孢子粉的添加量过多时, 其风味过于浓烈, 同时口感变差, 而其外观与实施例相比变化不大。
对比实施例 3制得的干酪在组织状态和口感方面比实施例 1~5中的米曲 霉成熟干酪的得分都低, 这是因为发酵酸度较低造成的。
对比实施例 4说明米曲霉干酪在成熟的过程中, 温度和时间的控制对干 酪结构方面的影响也很显著,造成对比实施例 4制得的干酪整体得分低于实 施例 1~5中的米曲霉成熟干酪。
由此可以看出米曲霉成熟干酪可以和传统的白地霉干酪相媲美, 具有很 好的商业应用前景。
虽然以上描述了本发明的具体实施方式,但是本领域的技术人员应当理 解, 这些仅是举例说明, 在不背离本发明的原理和实质的前提下, 可以对这 些实施方式做出多种变更或修改。 因此, 本发明的保护范围由所附权利要求 书限定。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种米曲霉成熟干酪的制备方法, 其特征在于, 其包含下列步骤:
(1)将杀菌后的原料乳,接种乳酸菌发酵剂和米曲霉 ^erg Zto Oryzae) 孢子粉, 发酵至 pH值为 6.3~6.5; 所述的米曲霉孢子粉的添加量为原料乳质 量的 0.001 0~0.008 0
(2) 添加凝乳酶, 凝乳后得凝乳;
(3) 将所述的凝乳进行切割处理, 得凝乳块;
(4) 将所述的凝乳块排乳清后入模成型、 脱模后腌渍、 成熟, 即可; 所述的成熟为于 20°C~30°C的条件下成熟 1~7天; 于 15°C~20°C的条件下成 熟 7~15天; 于 8°C~12°C的条件下继续成熟 10~20天; 所述的成熟的环境相 对湿度为 85%~95%。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 步骤 (1) 中, 所述的 原料乳为生鲜乳和 /或复原乳; 所述的原料乳的来源为牛乳、 马乳、 羊乳和驼 乳中的一种或多种;所述的杀菌为巴氏杀菌;所述的巴氏杀菌的温度为 70°C ~72°C;所述的巴氏杀菌的时间为 15s~60s;所述的发酵的温度为 28°C~33°C; 所述的发酵的时间为 30min~150min;
和 /或, 所述的杀菌结束后, 将杀菌后的原料乳还进行冷却处理; 所述的 冷却的温度为 28°C~33°C。
3、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 步骤 (1) 中, 所 述的乳酸菌发酵剂中的乳酸菌 iLactic acid bacteria 为乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种
(Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris ) ^ 乳酉変乳球菌乳亚禾中 Lactococcus lactis subsp. toc/¾)禾口乳酸乳球菌乳亚禾中丁二画变禾中(LactococcMS lactis subsp. lactis biovar. itoce ^c^)中的一种或多种;所述的乳酸菌发酵剂为 R-704发酵剂、 MM100发酵剂和 LL-50的发酵剂中的一种或多种; 所述的乳酸菌发酵剂的 添加量为每 100L原料乳中添加 0.6~2.0g的乳酸菌发酵剂。
4、 如权利要求 3所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述的乳酸菌发酵剂 的添加量为每 100L原料乳中添加 1.0~1.5g的乳酸菌发酵剂。
5、如权利要求 1~4中至少一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1 ) 中, 所述的米曲霉孢子粉的添加量为原料乳质量的 0.002%。~0.006%。。
6、 如权利要求 5所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述的米曲霉孢子粉 的添加量为原料乳质量的 0.003%。~0.005%。。
7、如权利要求 1~6中至少一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1 ) 中, 所述的米曲霉孢子粉的添加形式为米曲霉孢子粉溶液; 所述的米曲霉孢 子粉溶液的制备方法, 其包括下列步骤: 将所述的米曲霉孢子粉分散在无菌 水中, 即可; 其中, 所述的米曲霉孢子粉的质量为无菌水质量的 0.1%~5%。
8、如权利要求 1~7中至少一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2) 中,所述的凝乳酶为小牛胃凝乳酶和 /或微生物凝乳酶;所述的凝乳酶的添加 量为每 100L 原料乳中添加 1.0g~2.0g 的凝乳酶; 所述的凝乳的时间为 30~60min;
和 /或,步骤(3 )中,所述的切割为以刃间距为 10mm~30mm的钢丝刀, 将凝乳切割成凝乳块。
9、 如权利要求 8所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述的凝乳酶的添加 量为每 100L原料乳中添加 1.2g~1.8g的凝乳酶。
10、如权利要求 1~9中至少一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4 ) 中,所述的腌渍,其包含下列步骤:将所述的凝乳块在质量浓度为 15%~20% 的氯化钠水溶液中腌渍; 所述的腌渍的终点是使凝乳块中的氯化钠含量为 0.3%~3%, 所述的百分比是指氯化钠的质量相对于凝乳块总质量的百分比; 所述的腌渍的时间为 10~12小时。
11、 如权利要求 10所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述的腌渍的终点 是使凝乳块中的氯化钠含量为 0.6%~1.5%。
12、 如权利要求 1~11 中至少一项所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 步骤 (4)中,所述的成熟的条件为于 20~30°C的条件下成熟 1~7天;于 15°C~20°C 的条件下成熟 7~15天; 于 8°C~12°C的条件下继续成熟 10~20天, 即可; 所 述的成熟的环境相对湿度为 90%~93%。
13、 一种由权利要求 1~12中至少一项所述的制备方法制得的米曲霉成 熟干酪。
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