CN105558073A - 一种再生奶酪及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种再生奶酪及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105558073A CN105558073A CN201510940946.0A CN201510940946A CN105558073A CN 105558073 A CN105558073 A CN 105558073A CN 201510940946 A CN201510940946 A CN 201510940946A CN 105558073 A CN105558073 A CN 105558073A
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Classifications
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C19/00—Cheese; Cheese preparations; Making thereof
- A23C19/06—Treating cheese curd after whey separation; Products obtained thereby
- A23C19/09—Other cheese preparations; Mixtures of cheese with other foodstuffs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C19/00—Cheese; Cheese preparations; Making thereof
- A23C19/06—Treating cheese curd after whey separation; Products obtained thereby
- A23C19/09—Other cheese preparations; Mixtures of cheese with other foodstuffs
- A23C19/0921—Addition, to cheese or curd, of minerals, including organic salts thereof, trace elements, amino acids, peptides, protein hydrolysates, nucleic acids, yeast extracts or autolysate, vitamins or derivatives of these compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C19/00—Cheese; Cheese preparations; Making thereof
- A23C19/06—Treating cheese curd after whey separation; Products obtained thereby
- A23C19/09—Other cheese preparations; Mixtures of cheese with other foodstuffs
- A23C19/093—Addition of non-milk fats or non-milk proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C19/00—Cheese; Cheese preparations; Making thereof
- A23C19/097—Preservation
- A23C19/10—Addition of preservatives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
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- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
- A23V2400/123—Bulgaricus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
- A23V2400/125—Casei
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
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Landscapes
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Dairy Products (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种再生奶酪配方,所述主要配方成分为高脂肪动物乳,28~64%;发酵剂,5%~10%;凝乳酶,5%~10%;抗性糊精,10~20%;卵磷脂,0.2~1.0%;γ-氨基丁酸,0.05~0.30%;茶氨酸,0.05~0.30%;稳定剂,0.05~0.30%;抑菌剂,0.05~0.30%;以及,水,15~30%。还提供了与该配方相应的制备方法,通过特定的配方设计及相应的制备方法,使加入的γ-氨基丁酸及茶氨酸既不影响再生奶酪的丝滑感,还能起到放松心情的作用;采用该配方制成的再生奶酪,掩盖了γ-氨基丁酸和茶氨酸特有的不好风味,并且不影响再生奶酪本身的口感和风味;γ-氨基丁酸和茶氨酸能赋予再生奶酪舒缓紧张压力,放松心情等功效,特别适合工作压力大,生活节奏快的青年白领人群。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品领域,特别涉及一种再生奶酪及其制备方法。
背景技术
奶酪(cheese),又名奶酪、乳酪,或译称芝士、起司、起士,是多种乳制食品的通称,有各式各样的味道、口感和形式。奶酪以奶类为原料,含有丰富的蛋白质和脂质,乳源包括家牛、水牛、家山羊或绵羊等。制作过程中通常加入凝乳酶,造成其中的酪蛋白凝结,使乳品酸化,再将固体分离、压制为成品。
奶酪是牛奶经浓缩、发酵而成的奶制品。它基本上排除了牛奶中大量的水分,保留了其中营养价值极高的精华部分,被誉为乳品中的“黄金”。每千克奶酪制品浓缩了大量牛奶的蛋白质、钙、磷等人体所需的营养素。
奶酪是由乳经过发酵而成的乳制品,具有口感好、种类多样、风味独特的特点,同时其营养价值很高,长久以来就是最受欢迎的乳制品之一。
奶酪包括新鲜奶酪、白霉奶酪、蓝纹奶酪、水洗软质奶酪、硬质未熟奶酪、硬质成熟奶酪、山羊奶酪、融化奶酪及奶油奶酪,其中新鲜奶酪是不经过成熟加工处理,直接将牛乳凝固后,去除部分水分而成,质感柔软湿润,散发出清新的奶香和淡淡的酸味,十分爽口,但储存期很短,要尽快食用;白霉奶酪表皮覆盖着白色的真菌绒毛,食用时可以保持表皮的霉、菌,也可以根据口味去除,质地十分柔软,奶香浓郁,一般这种奶酪不用于做菜;蓝纹奶酪在青霉素的作用下形成大理石花纹般的蓝绿色纹路,味道比起白霉奶酪来显得辛香浓烈,很刺激;水洗软质奶酪则是在成熟期需要以盐水或当地特产酒频繁擦洗,表皮呈橙红色,内部柔软,口感醇厚,香气浓郁;硬质未熟奶酪制造过程中强力加压并去除部分水分,口感温和顺口,容易被一般人接受,由于它的质地易于溶解,因此常被大量用于菜肴烹调上;硬质成熟奶酪制作时需要挤压和煮,质地坚硬,耐人寻味,可以长时间运送与保存;最经典的山羊奶酪的制法与新鲜奶酪制法相同,可新鲜食用,或去水后食用,体积小巧,形状多样,味道略酸;融化奶酪是一种以上经过挤压的奶酪团,经融化后加入牛奶、奶油或黄油后制成,不同产品可以添加不同成分,如香草、坚果等,味道不浓烈,可以长期保存;奶油奶酪是一种未成熟全脂奶酪,经加工后,其脂肪含量可超过50%,质地细腻口味柔和。
奶酪中可以加入风味剂,如再生奶酪、水果、蛋糕等口味的风味剂可改变其口味。
现有奶酪多用于制作菜肴或配合甜点食用,而未见将其制成一种零食食用。
发明内容
针对上述技术中存在的不足之处,本发明通过特定的配方设计及特定的制备方法制成一种再生奶酪,以满足消费者的新需求。
为了实现根据本发明的这些目的和其它优点,本发明通过以下技术方案实现:
一种再生奶酪,其包括(按质量分数计):
优选的是,其中,包括(按质量分数计):
优选的是,其中,包括(按质量分数计):
优选的是,其中,包括(按质量分数计):
优选的是,其中,所述高脂肪动物乳包括牛乳与山羊乳、绵羊乳、马乳、骆驼乳或驴乳中一种的混合物,其中牛乳占高脂肪动物乳总成分的70%~80%。
优选的是,其中,所述发酵剂为由产香菌与产酸菌以1:3混合的混合物;其中,所述产酸菌为乳脂链球菌、保加利亚乳酸杆菌、嗜热链球菌乳酸杆菌、瑞士乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌中的一种或几种的混合物;产香菌为丁二酮乳酸链球菌和嗜柠檬酸明串珠菌中的一种或两种的混合物。
其中产香菌与产酸菌的比例过大则掩盖了奶酪自身香气,口感粗糙;比例过小则使制成的再生奶酪偏酸,1:3为最佳比例,既能保证再生奶酪的口感细腻,又能使奶酪的香气发挥至最佳。
优选的是,其中,所述凝乳酶为犊牛凝乳酶、植物蛋白酶、动物胰蛋白酶、动物胃蛋白酶、微生物凝乳酶或转基因凝乳酶中的一种或几种的混合物。
优选的是,其中,所述稳定剂为改性淀粉、微晶纤维素、海藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素、黄原胶、瓜尔胶、角豆胶或结冷胶中的一种或几种的混合物。
优选的是,其中,所述抑菌剂为山梨酸钾、苯甲酸钠、乳酸链球菌素或纳塔霉素中的一种或几种的混合物。
更进一步地,一种制备上述再生奶酪的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
步骤1、使用净乳机净化高脂动物乳,在70~80℃温度条件下巴氏杀菌,保持时间为5~10分钟,迅速冷却至15~35℃备用;
步骤2、取步骤1制得的高脂动物乳28~64%,向其接种5%~10%发酵剂,在接种发酵剂的同时,加入5%~10%凝乳酶,发酵温度为18℃,发酵时间为10~24小时,pH值达到4.9~4.6时,所述高脂动物乳成为连续的凝乳;
步骤3、把步骤2制得的凝乳在转速1500~2000r/min,1~5分钟的条件下分离乳清,得到离心分离的膏状物;
步骤4、将步骤3得到的膏状物与10~20%抗性糊精、0.05~0.30%稳定剂及0.05~0.30%抑菌剂于温度80~95℃熔融混合形成第一组分,将混合好的第一组分冷却至33~35℃,倒入半圆模具中,喷枪加热,温度为45~60℃,直至膏状物表面凝固,形成半圆空心半球;
步骤5、取0.2~1.0%卵磷脂、0.05~0.30%γ-氨基丁酸及0.05~0.30%茶氨酸,使其溶解于水中,形成液态第二组分;
步骤6、将所述第二组分倒入步骤4制得的半圆空心半球中心凹槽内,低温冷冻凝结,制得再生奶酪。
本发明至少包括以下有益效果:
本发明制得的再生奶酪蛋白质含量大于15.0%,脂肪含量大于20.0%,营养丰富,口感细腻香甜;
本发明中再生奶酪采用高脂动物乳,制备过程中不经过分离稀奶油的步骤,简化了制作过程,提高了生产效率,降低了生产成本;
发酵剂为由产酸菌和产香菌组成的乳酸菌混合发酵剂,特定比例的产酸菌及产香菌使制得的再生奶酪口感细腻,酸味适中,更适宜雪糕这种即食产品;同时,应用了亲水胶体稳定剂,赋予了产品连续性的新质构;而且,应用了抑菌剂,从而延长了产品的保质期;
通过特定的配方设计及相应的制备方法,使加入的γ-氨基丁酸及茶氨酸既不影响再生奶酪的丝滑感,还能起到放松心情的作用;采用该配方制成的再生奶酪,掩盖了γ-氨基丁酸和茶氨酸特有的不好风味,并且不影响再生奶酪本身的口感和风味;γ-氨基丁酸和茶氨酸能赋予再生奶酪舒缓紧张压力,放松心情等功效,特别适合工作压力大,生活节奏快的青年白领人群。
本发明的其它优点、目标和特征将部分通过下面的说明体现,部分还将通过对本发明的研究和实践而为本领域的技术人员所理解。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明做进一步的详细说明,以令本领域技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施。
应当理解,本文所使用的诸如“具有”、“包含”以及“包括”术语并不排除一个或多个其它元件或其组合的存在或添加。
具体采用以下方法制备再生奶酪,其包括以下步骤:
步骤1、使用净乳机净化高脂动物乳,在70~80℃温度条件下巴氏杀菌,保持时间为5~10分钟,迅速冷却至15~35℃备用;
步骤2、取步骤1制得的高脂动物乳28~64%,向其接种5%~10%发酵剂,在接种发酵剂的同时,加入5%~10%凝乳酶,发酵温度为18℃,发酵时间为10~24小时,pH值达到4.9~4.6时,所述高脂动物乳成为连续的凝乳;
步骤3、把步骤2制得的凝乳在转速1500~2000r/min,1~5分钟的条件下分离乳清,得到离心分离的膏状物;
步骤4、将步骤3得到的膏状物与10~20%抗性糊精、0.05~0.30%稳定剂及0.05~0.30%抑菌剂于温度80~95℃熔融混合形成第一组分,将混合好的第一组分冷却至33~35℃,倒入半圆模具中,喷枪加热,温度为45~60℃,直至膏状物表面凝固,形成半圆空心半球;
步骤5、取0.2~1.0%卵磷脂、0.05~0.30%γ-氨基丁酸及0.05~0.30%茶氨酸,使其溶解于水中,形成液态第二组分;
步骤6、将所述第二组分倒入步骤4制得的半圆空心半球中心凹槽内,低温冷冻凝结,制得再生奶酪。
下面针对不同配方进行说明:
实施例1
实施例2
实施例3
实施例4
实施例5
采用实施例1至5的配方制得的再生奶酪均有口感细腻、清香可口的效果,该再生奶酪能够纾解压力、放松心情,其中,实施例3的口感及功能性经检测为最佳。
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上,但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用。它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域。对于熟悉本领域的人员而言可容易地实现另外的修改。因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下,本发明并不限于特定的细节。
Claims (10)
1.一种再生奶酪,其特征在于,包括(按质量分数计):
2.根据权利要求1所述的再生奶酪,其特征在于,包括(按质量分数计):
3.根据权利要求1所述的再生奶酪,其特征在于,包括,
4.根据权利要求1所述的再生奶酪,其特征在于,
5.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的再生奶酪,其特征在于,所述高脂肪动物乳包括牛乳与山羊乳、绵羊乳、马乳、骆驼乳或驴乳中一种的混合物,其中牛乳占高脂肪动物乳总成分的70%~80%。
6.根据权利要求5所述的再生奶酪,其特征在于,所述发酵剂为由产香菌与产酸菌以1:3混合的混合物;其中,所述产酸菌为乳脂链球菌、保加利亚乳酸杆菌、嗜热链球菌乳酸杆菌、瑞士乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌中的一种或几种的混合物;产香菌为丁二酮乳酸链球菌和嗜柠檬酸明串珠菌中的一种或两种的混合物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的再生奶酪,其特征在于,所述凝乳酶为犊牛凝乳酶、植物蛋白酶、动物胰蛋白酶、动物胃蛋白酶、微生物凝乳酶或转基因凝乳酶中的一种或几种的混合物。
8.根据权利要求7所述的再生奶酪,其特征在于,所述稳定剂为改性淀粉、微晶纤维素、海藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素、黄原胶、瓜尔胶、角豆胶或结冷胶中的一种或几种的混合物。
9.根据权利要求7所述的再生奶酪,其特征在于,所述抑菌剂为山梨酸钾、苯甲酸钠、乳酸链球菌素或纳塔霉素中的一种或几种的混合物。
10.一种制备如权利要求5至9任一项所述的再生奶酪的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1、使用净乳机净化高脂动物乳,在70~80℃温度条件下巴氏杀菌,保持时间为5~10分钟,迅速冷却至15~35℃备用;
步骤2、取步骤1制得的高脂动物乳28~64%,向其接种5%~10%发酵剂,在接种发酵剂的同时,加入5%~10%凝乳酶,发酵温度为18℃,发酵时间为10~24小时,pH值达到4.9~4.6时,所述高脂动物乳成为连续的凝乳;
步骤3、把步骤2制得的凝乳在转速1500~2000r/min,1~5分钟的条件下分离乳清,得到离心分离的膏状物;
步骤4、将步骤3得到的膏状物与10~20%抗性糊精、0.05~0.30%稳定剂及0.05~0.30%抑菌剂于温度80~95℃熔融混合形成第一组分,将混合好的第一组分冷却至33~35℃,倒入半圆模具中,喷枪加热,温度为45~60℃,直至膏状物表面凝固,形成半圆空心半球;
步骤5、取0.2~1.0%卵磷脂、0.05~0.30%γ-氨基丁酸及0.05~0.30%茶氨酸,使其溶解于水中,形成液态第二组分;
步骤6、将所述第二组分倒入步骤4制得的半圆空心半球中心凹槽内,低温冷冻凝结,制得再生奶酪。
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