WO2015092205A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce revêtue d'un revêtement protecteur - Google Patents
Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce revêtue d'un revêtement protecteur Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015092205A1 WO2015092205A1 PCT/FR2014/053206 FR2014053206W WO2015092205A1 WO 2015092205 A1 WO2015092205 A1 WO 2015092205A1 FR 2014053206 W FR2014053206 W FR 2014053206W WO 2015092205 A1 WO2015092205 A1 WO 2015092205A1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/26—Anodisation of refractory metals or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/024—Anodisation under pulsed or modulated current or potential
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/026—Anodisation with spark discharge
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D21/00—Processes for servicing or operating cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D21/12—Process control or regulation
Definitions
- the invention relates to parts coated with a protective coating and methods for manufacturing such parts.
- RMICs refractory matrix composite materials
- niobium-based alloys appear to be particularly promising in order to replace or be used in addition to existing nickel-based superalloys. These different alloys have the advantage of having melting points higher than existing superalloys.
- niobium-based alloys can also advantageously have relatively low densities (6.5-7 g / cm 3 compared to 8-9 g / cm 3 for nickel-based superalloys). Such alloys can therefore advantageously make it possible to significantly reduce the mass of turbine engine parts, for example high-pressure turbine blades, because of their low density and their mechanical properties close to those of nickel-based superalloys at high temperatures. close to 1100 ° C.
- the niobium-based alloys can generally comprise many additive elements such as silicon (Si), titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), aluminum (Al), hafnium (Hf), molybdenum (Mo), or tin (Sn), for example.
- These alloys have a microstructure consisting of a niobium matrix (Nb ss ) reinforced by dissolved additive elements in solid solution. This phase ensures the toughness of low temperature alloys.
- Nb ss niobium matrix
- refractory metal silicide precipitates whose composition and structure may vary according to the additive elements (M 3 Si, M 5 Si 3 ).
- These alloys can exhibit at high temperature (T> 1100 ° C) particularly interesting mechanical properties.
- T> 1100 ° C high temperature
- their behavior in hot oxidation can today limit their use on a large scale.
- the niobium silicide alloys when exposed to high temperature (> 1000 ° C), they can oxidize by internal oxidation via the diffusion of oxygen through the alloy (mainly in the solution solid niobium). It may then form at the surface a layer comprising a mixture of oxides from the elements contained in the substrate.
- the oxide layer formed may be poorly adherent and non-protective due to the anarchic growth of undesired oxides. More or less complex silicates can be formed. Without external assistance, the silicon content in the alloys may be insufficient to generate enough silicates to develop a sufficiently protective oxide layer during high temperature exposure.
- the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a part coated with a protective coating, the method comprising the following step:
- the present invention advantageously makes it possible to achieve, during the micro-arc oxidation treatment, a self-regulation regime.
- the fact of reaching such a regime is characterized by a gradual disappearance of electric arcs when one observes with the naked eye the part subjected to imposed current cycles.
- the invention advantageously makes it possible to form on the surface of the part a protective protective oxide coating that is dense and can have a relatively high silicate content.
- a protective coating advantageously makes it possible to improve the protection against oxidation and hot corrosion as well as the wear resistance of the material.
- Another advantage related to the implementation of a micro-arcs oxidation treatment lies in the possibility of producing ceramic coatings electrochemically in aqueous solution and at low temperature.
- the ratio (amount of positive charge applied to the workpiece) / (amount of negative charge applied to the workpiece) may, for all or part of the current cycles, be between 0.8 and 0.9.
- the part may first be subjected to a succession of current cycles for which the ratio (amount of positive charge applied to the part) / (amount of negative charge applied to the part) is between 0 , 9 and 1.6, the part can then be subjected to a succession of current cycles for which the ratio (amount of positive charge applied to the part) / (amount of negative charge applied to the part) is between 0, 8 and 0.9.
- Such a modulation of the ratio (amount of positive charge applied to the part) / (amount of negative charge applied to the part) advantageously makes it possible to accelerate the formation of the protective coating.
- the ratio (amount of positive charge applied to the part) / (amount of negative charge applied to the part) may, for all or part of the current cycles, be between 0.85 and 0.90 .
- the part may, for example, comprise, in particular consist of, a niobium matrix in which there are present metal silicide inclusions selected from: Nb 5 Si 3 and / or Nb 3 Si.
- each current cycle may comprise a positive stabilization phase during which a constant current of positive intensity passes through the room, the duration of the phase of positive stabilization which can be between 15% and 50%, for example between 17% and 23%, of the total duration of said cycle.
- each current cycle may comprise a negative stabilization phase during which a constant current of negative intensity passes through the room, the duration of the negative stabilization phase may be between 30% and 80%, for example between 55% and 65%, of the total duration of said cycle.
- the density of the current flowing through the part during the positive stabilization phase can be between 10 A / dm 2 and 100 A / dm 2 , for example between 50 A / dm 2 and 70 A / dm 2 .
- the density of the current flowing through the workpiece during the negative stabilization phase may, in absolute value, be between 10 A / dm 2 and 100 A / dm 2 .
- the ratio (density of the current flowing through the workpiece during the negative stabilization phase) / (density of the current flowing through the workpiece during the positive stabilization phase) may, in absolute value, be between 30% and 80%. %, for example between 50% and 60%.
- the part may be present in an electrolyte and the electrolyte may comprise, before the start of the micro-arcs oxidation treatment, a silicate for example present in a concentration greater than or equal to 1 g / L, for example higher or equal to 15 g / L
- the silicate can, before the start of the micro-arcs oxidation treatment, be present in the electrolyte in a concentration of between 1 g / L and Cs where Cs designates the limit concentration of solubility of the silicate in the electrolyte.
- Cs can, for example, be equal to 300 g / L.
- Such electrolytes advantageously make it possible to further increase the content of silicates present in the protective coating obtained and thus further improve the corrosion resistance of the coated part.
- the solvent of the electrolyte may, for example, be water.
- the pH of the electrolyte may, for example, be between 10 and 14 during all or part of the micro-arc oxidation treatment.
- the part is present in an electrolyte and the electrolyte may be maintained at a temperature of less than or equal to 40 ° C., for example less than or equal to 20 ° C., during all or part of the microoxidation treatment. -arcs.
- a cooling system can maintain the electrolyte at such temperatures. It is general knowledge of those skilled in the art to adapt the cooling achieved to maintain the electrolyte at these temperatures.
- the duration during which the part is treated by micro-arcs oxidation may be greater than or equal to 10 minutes, for example between 10 minutes and 60 minutes.
- the part can be treated by a micro-arc oxidation treatment making it possible to reach a self-regulation regime, the self-regulating regime then being able to be maintained for a duration of less than or equal to 10 minutes, by example for a period of between 3 minutes and 10 minutes.
- each current cycle comprises a positive current rise phase during which the intensity of the current through the workpiece is positive and strictly increasing
- the duration of the positive current rise phase can be between 3 and % and 15%, for example between 9% and 13%, of the total duration of said cycle.
- each current cycle comprises a phase of descent of the positive current during which the intensity of the current passing through the part is positive and strictly decreasing, the duration of the phase of descent of the positive current being between 1% and 10%, for example between 1.5% and 2.5%, of the duration total of said cycle.
- each current cycle comprises a zero-current stabilization phase during which the piece is not traversed by any current
- the duration of the zero-current stabilization phase may be between 0.5% and 1%. , 5% of the total duration of said cycle.
- each current cycle comprises a negative current descent phase during which the intensity of the current flowing through the workpiece is negative and strictly decreasing, the duration of the negative current descent phase being between 1%. and 10%, for example 2.5% and 3.5%, of the total duration of said cycle.
- each current cycle comprises a phase of rise of the negative current during which the intensity of the current flowing through the part is negative and strictly increasing
- the duration of the phase of rise of the negative current can be between 1% and 10%, for example between 1.5% and 2.5%, of the total duration of said cycle.
- each current cycle comprises:
- a positive current rise phase during which the intensity of the current flowing through the part is positive and strictly increasing
- the duration of the positive current rise phase being, for example, between 3% and 15%, for example between 9% and 13%, of the total duration of that cycle
- a positive stabilization phase during which a constant current of positive intensity crosses the room
- the duration of the positive stabilization phase being for example between 15% and 50%, for example between 17% and 23%, of the total duration said cycle
- the duration of the descent phase of the positive current being, for example, between 1% and 10%, for example between 1 , 5% and 2.5%, of the total duration of said cycle
- the duration of the stabilization phase at zero current may be between 0.5% and 1.5% of the total duration of said cycle
- the duration of the negative current descent phase being, for example, between 1% and 10%, for example 2, 5% and 3.5%, of the total duration of that cycle
- the duration of the negative stabilization phase being, for example, between 30% and 80%, for example between 55% and 65%, of the total duration of said cycle, and
- the duration of the rise phase of the negative current being, for example, between 1% and 10%, for example between 1.5% and 2.5%, of the total duration of said cycle.
- the part is present in an electrolyte and the current can pass during the oxidation process micro-arcs the piece and a counter-electrode present in the electrolyte, the counter-electrode having the same shape than the room.
- a counter-electrode of shape adapted to that of the part advantageously makes it possible for parts of relatively complex shape to overcome the problems of distribution of the current lines. More generally, regardless of the shape of the counter electrode, it can be located at a distance of between 1 cm and 20 cm from the workpiece. For example, the counter electrode is located 2.5 cm from the workpiece.
- the part is advantageous for the part to be separated from the counter-electrode by a distance of less than or equal to 20 cm in order to reduce the current losses in the electrolyte and to increase the efficiency of the process.
- the current cycles applied may be periodic.
- the frequency of the current cycles can be between 50 Hz and 1000 Hz, and for example be between 50 Hz and 150 Hz.
- the thickness of the coating formed may be greater than or equal to 20 ⁇ m, preferably 50 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the coating formed is, for example, between 100 ⁇ m and 150 ⁇ m.
- the part may, for example, constitute a turbomachine blade.
- the part can still, for example, constitute a valve or a turbomachine distributor.
- the present invention also provides a part coated with a protective coating that can be obtained by implementing a method as described above and a turbomachine comprising such a part.
- the present invention also relates to the use for improving the oxidation resistance of a part of a microarcs oxidation treatment in which a part comprising a niobium matrix in which inclusions of metal silicides are present is subjected to a sequence of current cycles, the ratio (amount of positive charge applied to the part) / (amount of negative charge applied to the part) being, for each current cycle, between 0.80 and 1.6.
- the present invention also aims at the use to improve the wear resistance of a part of a micro-arcs oxidation treatment in which a part comprising a niobium matrix in which inclusions of metal silicides are present is subjected at a succession of current cycles, the ratio (amount of positive charge applied to the part) / (amount of negative charge applied to the part) being, for each current cycle, between 0.80 and 1.6.
- the present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a part coated with a protective coating, the method comprising the following step:
- micro-arcing oxidation treatment of a protective coating on the outer surface of a workpiece, the workpiece comprising a niobium matrix in which inclusions of metal silicides are present, a self-regulating regime being achieved during the micro-arc oxidation treatment.
- FIG. 1 represents, in a schematic and partial manner, a section of a part coated with a protective coating obtained by implementing a method according to the invention
- FIG. 2 schematically and partially shows an experimental device for implementing a method according to the invention
- FIG. 3 schematically represents an example of a current cycle that can be used in a micro-arcs oxidation treatment according to the invention
- FIG. 4 schematically and partially shows an alternative embodiment of a counterelectrode that can be used in the context of a method according to the invention
- FIG. 5 is a photograph of the result obtained after treatment with a method according to the invention of a part comprising a niobium matrix in which inclusions of metal silicides are present, and
- FIGS. 6A and 6B are observations in section by scanning electron microscopy of the protective coating formed on the surface of the part of FIG. 5.
- FIG. 1 a section of a part 1 coated with a protective coating.
- a protective coating 3 is formed on the outer surface S of a part 2 comprising a niobium matrix in which inclusions of metal silicides are present.
- the thickness e of the coating 3 formed may, for example, be between 20 ⁇ and 150 ⁇ .
- FIG. 2 shows an experimental device for implementing a micro-arc oxidation treatment that can be used in the context of the present invention.
- Part 2 is immersed in an electrolyte 10 comprising silicates.
- a counterelectrode 6 is present opposite the part 2 and is also immersed in the electrolyte 10.
- counter-electrodes are present on either side of the part.
- the counterelectrode 6 may, for example, be of cylindrical shape and, for example, be made of a 304L stainless steel.
- the part 2 and the counter-electrode 6 are connected to a generator 5 which subjects them to a succession of current cycles.
- a first oxide layer is first formed on the outer surface S of the treated part 2.
- a sufficient current is applied in order to reach the dielectric breakdown point of the first oxide layer initially formed on the surface S of part 2.
- Electrical arcs are then generated and lead to the formation of a surface plasma S of the treated room 2.
- the protective coating 3 is then formed by conversion of the elements contained in the part 2 but also by incorporation of elements contained in the electrolyte 10.
- the experimental device used further comprises a cooling system (not shown) to limit warming of the electrolyte during the micro-arc oxidation treatment.
- Piece 2 is applied a succession of periodic cycles of current.
- the shape of one of the applied current cycles is provided to the Figure 3.
- the parameters are given in Table 1 below:
- Ip Intensity of the through current Ti: duration of the rise phase of the part during the positive current phase
- T Period of current cycles
- T 7 duration of the rise phase of F: Frequency of negative current cycles
- each of the current cycles applied may comprise the following succession of phases:
- the total duration of the current cycle corresponds to the sum
- ⁇ ⁇ is, the time between the start of the rise phase of the positive current and the end of the rise phase of the negative current.
- the frequency of the current cycles corresponds to the size.
- FIG. 4 shows an alternative embodiment in which the counter-electrode 6 has a shape adapted to that of the part 2.
- the counter-electrode 6 may, as illustrated, have a shape similar to that of the part 2 and conform to its shape. Both the workpiece and the counter-electrode may be cylindrical or planar in shape.
- a substrate has been treated by a process according to the invention.
- Table 2 details the operating conditions below (the times are expressed in% of the total duration of the current cycle).
- the imposed cycle has the same sequence of phases as the current cycle shown in FIG.
- micro-oxidation arcs (Atomic%):
- MASC alloy (described in US 5942055)
- a self-regulating regime characterized by a progressive extinction of electric arcs was reached after about 30 minutes of treatment.
- the sample further treated an additional 5 minutes under self-regulation so as to grow the formed oxide layer and improve its compactness.
- the layer formed on the surface of the substrate has been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (see FIGS. 6A and 6B).
- the formed layer has a uniform appearance over the entire circumference of the bar and at the two analyzed areas.
- the coating formed by anodic oxidation micro-arcs is perfectly adherent.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2016539954A JP6509869B2 (ja) | 2013-12-16 | 2014-12-08 | 保護被覆で被覆された部品を製造するための方法 |
US15/104,457 US10233558B2 (en) | 2013-12-16 | 2014-12-08 | Method for manufacturing a part coated with a protective coating |
CA2933952A CA2933952C (fr) | 2013-12-16 | 2014-12-08 | Procede de fabrication d'une piece revetue d'un revetement protecteur |
CN201480068205.1A CN105829584B (zh) | 2013-12-16 | 2014-12-08 | 制造涂覆有保护涂层的部件的方法 |
EP14821803.5A EP3084046B1 (fr) | 2013-12-16 | 2014-12-08 | Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce revêtue d'un revêtement protecteur |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1362707A FR3014912B1 (fr) | 2013-12-16 | 2013-12-16 | Procede de fabrication d'une piece revetue d'un revetement protecteur |
FR1362707 | 2013-12-16 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2015092205A1 true WO2015092205A1 (fr) | 2015-06-25 |
Family
ID=50489233
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/FR2014/053206 WO2015092205A1 (fr) | 2013-12-16 | 2014-12-08 | Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce revêtue d'un revêtement protecteur |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10233558B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3084046B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP6509869B2 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN105829584B (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2933952C (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3014912B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2015092205A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108368632A (zh) * | 2015-12-16 | 2018-08-03 | 汉高股份有限及两合公司 | 用于在铝上沉积钛基保护涂层的方法 |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3110605B1 (fr) | 2020-05-20 | 2023-06-30 | Lag2M | Procede et installation de traitement de pieces metalliques par oxydation micro-arc |
FR3111146A1 (fr) | 2021-06-03 | 2021-12-10 | Lag2M | Installation de traitement de pieces metalliques par oxydation micro-arc |
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US3956080A (en) * | 1973-03-01 | 1976-05-11 | D & M Technologies | Coated valve metal article formed by spark anodizing |
EP1231299A1 (fr) * | 1999-08-17 | 2002-08-14 | Isle Coat Limited | Revetement de protection composite multifonctions a base d'alliages legers |
FR2877018A1 (fr) * | 2004-10-25 | 2006-04-28 | Snecma Moteurs Sa | Procede d'oxydation micro arc pour la fabrication d'un revetement sur un substrat metallique, et son utilisation |
EP1818428A1 (fr) * | 2004-11-05 | 2007-08-15 | Nihon Parkerizing Co., Ltd. | Procédé de revêtement céramique électrolytique pour métal, électrolyte pour utilisation dans un revêtement céramique électrolytique pour métal et materiau de metal |
DE102006017820A1 (de) * | 2006-04-13 | 2007-10-18 | General Electric Co. | Zusammensetzungen auf Niob-Siliziumbasis und entsprechende Gegenstände |
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US5720866A (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 1998-02-24 | Ara Coating, Inc. | Method for forming coatings by electrolyte discharge and coatings formed thereby |
AT1669U1 (de) | 1996-11-22 | 1997-09-25 | Plansee Ag | Oxidationsschutzschicht für refraktärmetalle |
JP3321600B2 (ja) | 1999-11-25 | 2002-09-03 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 高耐酸化性Nb−Al−Si系金属間化合物 |
JP2001226734A (ja) * | 2000-02-15 | 2001-08-21 | Chokoon Zairyo Kenkyusho:Kk | ニオブ基複合材料およびその製造方法 |
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2013
- 2013-12-16 FR FR1362707A patent/FR3014912B1/fr active Active
-
2014
- 2014-12-08 WO PCT/FR2014/053206 patent/WO2015092205A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2014-12-08 US US15/104,457 patent/US10233558B2/en active Active
- 2014-12-08 CA CA2933952A patent/CA2933952C/fr active Active
- 2014-12-08 CN CN201480068205.1A patent/CN105829584B/zh active Active
- 2014-12-08 EP EP14821803.5A patent/EP3084046B1/fr active Active
- 2014-12-08 JP JP2016539954A patent/JP6509869B2/ja active Active
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FR2877018A1 (fr) * | 2004-10-25 | 2006-04-28 | Snecma Moteurs Sa | Procede d'oxydation micro arc pour la fabrication d'un revetement sur un substrat metallique, et son utilisation |
EP1818428A1 (fr) * | 2004-11-05 | 2007-08-15 | Nihon Parkerizing Co., Ltd. | Procédé de revêtement céramique électrolytique pour métal, électrolyte pour utilisation dans un revêtement céramique électrolytique pour métal et materiau de metal |
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Cited By (5)
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---|---|---|---|---|
CN108368632A (zh) * | 2015-12-16 | 2018-08-03 | 汉高股份有限及两合公司 | 用于在铝上沉积钛基保护涂层的方法 |
EP3359711A1 (fr) * | 2015-12-16 | 2018-08-15 | Henkel AG & Co. KGaA | Procédé de dépôt de revêtements protecteurs à base de titane sur aluminium |
US20180291520A1 (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2018-10-11 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Method for deposition of titanium-based protective coatings on aluminum |
US10683581B2 (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2020-06-16 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Method for deposition of titanium-based protective coatings on aluminum |
CN108368632B (zh) * | 2015-12-16 | 2020-09-25 | 汉高股份有限及两合公司 | 用于在铝上沉积钛基保护涂层的方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US10233558B2 (en) | 2019-03-19 |
CN105829584A (zh) | 2016-08-03 |
FR3014912B1 (fr) | 2016-01-01 |
EP3084046A1 (fr) | 2016-10-26 |
CA2933952A1 (fr) | 2015-06-25 |
CA2933952C (fr) | 2022-02-22 |
US20170002476A1 (en) | 2017-01-05 |
JP2016540894A (ja) | 2016-12-28 |
FR3014912A1 (fr) | 2015-06-19 |
CN105829584B (zh) | 2019-11-05 |
JP6509869B2 (ja) | 2019-05-08 |
EP3084046B1 (fr) | 2020-07-22 |
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