WO2015087739A1 - 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、照明装置及び表示装置 - Google Patents
有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、照明装置及び表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- 125000000160 oxazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidophosphanium Chemical group [PH3]=O MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005582 pentacene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004306 triazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000025 triisopropylsilyl group Chemical group C(C)(C)[Si](C(C)C)(C(C)C)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000006617 triphenylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical group O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescence element, a lighting device, and a display device. More specifically, organic electroluminescence with shorter emission maximum wavelength, longer emission lifetime, lower drive voltage, less change in drive voltage over time, and little change in external extraction quantum efficiency even when used at high temperatures. It relates to elements and the like.
- An organic electroluminescence element (hereinafter also referred to as an organic EL element) has a configuration in which a light emitting layer containing a light emitting compound is sandwiched between a cathode and an anode, and is injected from the anode by applying an electric field.
- a light emitting device that utilizes excitons (excitons) by recombining electrons injected from holes and cathodes in the light emitting layer, and light emission (fluorescence / phosphorescence) when the excitons are deactivated It is.
- An organic EL element is an all-solid-state element composed of an organic material film having a thickness of only a submicron between electrodes, and can emit light at a voltage of several volts to several tens of volts. It is expected to be used for next-generation flat display and lighting.
- organic EL elements As for the development of organic EL elements for practical use, Princeton University has reported organic EL elements that use phosphorescence emission from excited triplets, and since then, active research has been conducted on materials that exhibit phosphorescence at room temperature. It is becoming. In addition, organic EL elements that utilize phosphorescence can in principle achieve a light emission efficiency that is approximately four times that of organic EL elements that utilize previous fluorescence. Research and development of device layer configurations and electrodes are performed all over the world.
- organometallic complexes using heavy metals such as iridium have been studied from the viewpoint of high luminous efficiency and long luminous lifetime.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 disclose metal complexes obtained by substituting a metal complex with a cyano group, which is an electron-attracting group, in order to shorten the wavelength of the light emission maximum wavelength.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a metal complex that uses a phenanthridine skeleton as a ligand and shortens the emission wavelength and improves the stability of the compound.
- a metal complex is not sufficient from the viewpoint of improving luminous efficiency because the cohesiveness between the complexes increases.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems and circumstances, and the problem to be solved is that the emission maximum wavelength is shorter, the emission lifetime is longer, the drive voltage is lower, the change in drive voltage with time is smaller, and the temperature is higher. It is to provide an organic EL device having a small change in external extraction quantum efficiency even in the use below. Moreover, it is providing the illuminating device and display apparatus provided with the said organic EL element.
- the present inventor in the process of studying the cause of the above-mentioned problems, has an electron-withdrawing group in the light emitting layer of the organic EL element and an aromatic group having a substituent at a specific site.
- a phosphorescent organometallic complex having a structure in which a hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group is introduced or at least one of the aromatic rings of a ligand directly bonded to a metal atom is a condensed ring
- the inventors have found that the problems can be solved, and have reached the present invention.
- An organic electroluminescence device having at least one light emitting layer sandwiched between an anode and a cathode, wherein the phosphorescent organic metal complex having a structure represented by the following general formula (1) is provided in the light emitting layer.
- An organic electroluminescence device comprising a seed.
- a ring composed of A 11 to A 16 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring or an aromatic heterocyclic ring.
- a ring composed of B 11 to B 15 represents an aromatic heterocyclic ring.
- a 11 , A 12 and B 11 to B 15 each independently represent C or N.
- a 13 to A 16 each independently represent any of C, N, O, or S.
- k1 represents 0 or an integer of 1, and in the case of 0, A 14 and A 15 are directly bonded.
- Rx represents an electron withdrawing group.
- Ra 3 , Ra 4 , Ra 5 , Ra 6 , Rb 3 or Rb 4 on the N may not exist.
- Rb 3 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring having a substituent or an aromatic heterocyclic ring having a substituent
- Ra 3 to Ra 6 and Rb 4 each represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- the substituents may be bonded to each other to form a ring structure.
- the substituent on Rb 3 and the substituents on Ra 3 to Ra 6 and Rb 4 may be the same or different.
- Rb 3 is not aromatic heterocycle having aromatic hydrocarbon ring or a substituent having a substituent
- Rb 4 and Ra 3 ⁇ Ra 6 is each a hydrogen atom or a substituent
- Rb 3 At least one pair of two adjacent substituents among Rb 4 and Rx, or Ra 3 to Ra 6 is bonded to each other to form a ring structure.
- M represents iridium or platinum.
- L ′ represents a monoanionic bidentate ligand.
- n represents an integer of 1 to 3
- m represents an integer of 0 to 2.
- the substituent represented by Ra 3 is a fluorine atom, and any one of items 1 to 5 The organic electroluminescent element of the item.
- the phosphorescent organometallic complex represented by the general formula (1) contains at least one luminescent dopant that exhibits an emission color different from the emission color of the phosphorescent organometallic complex,
- the organic electroluminescence device according to any one of items 1 to 6, wherein the device emits light.
- An illuminating device comprising the organic electroluminescence element according to any one of items 1 to 7.
- a display device comprising the organic electroluminescence element according to any one of items 1 to 7.
- the emission maximum wavelength is shorter, the emission lifetime is longer, the drive voltage is lower, the change of the drive voltage is small, and the change in the external extraction quantum efficiency is small even when used at high temperatures.
- An organic EL element can be provided.
- a lighting device and a display device including the element can be provided.
- an organic EL device having a shorter emission maximum wavelength means that an electron withdrawing group is introduced into a metal complex, preferably from blue to blue-green within a range of a maximum emission wavelength of 380 to 520 nm.
- An organic EL element that emits light is provided.
- the introduction of the electron withdrawing group at the position of Rx in the general formula (1) can shorten the emission maximum wavelength regardless of the type of the aromatic heterocycle composed of B 11 to B 15. I understood. This is because electrons can be effectively withdrawn from the central metal by introducing an electron withdrawing group into an atom adjacent to the atom (B 11 in the general formula (1)) bonded to the central metal. It is presumed that.
- both the shortening of the emission maximum wavelength and the shape of the emission spectrum can be improved, and a metal complex exhibiting blue light emission with better chromaticity can be obtained.
- the improvement of the light emission maximum wavelength alone is insufficient as the performance of the organic EL element.
- One of the problems with phosphorescent metal complexes used in organic EL devices is the cohesiveness (or associability) of metal complexes.
- the metal complex aggregates in the light emitting layer, the emission efficiency decreases due to triplet-triplet annihilation (TT annihilation) and the emission maximum wavelength becomes longer. I can't show it.
- the effect of improving the chromaticity of the emission color can be obtained by introducing an aromatic hydrocarbon ring or aromatic heterocycle having a substituent into Rb 3 .
- an improvement effect of a decrease in luminous efficiency can be obtained.
- Rb 3 is not an aromatic hydrocarbon ring or aromatic heterocycle having a substituent
- at least one of a ring composed of A 11 to A 16 or a ring composed of B 11 to B 15 is condensed.
- the emission spectrum can be sharpened.
- the condensed ring structure has Rb 3 and Rb 4 , or Ra. Of 3 to Ra 6 , two adjacent groups are preferably bonded to each other.
- an aromatic hydrocarbon ring or an aromatic heterocyclic ring having a substituent is introduced into Rb 3 , or a ring composed of A 11 to A 16 or a ring composed of B 11 to B 15
- the effect of suppressing the structural change due to the formation of a condensed ring by at least one of them is effective in improving the external quantum extraction efficiency, the driving voltage, and the light emission lifetime when driving the organic EL element.
- the improvement with respect to the change in the external quantum extraction efficiency at high temperatures is great.
- it is estimated that the vibration level is easily affected by the temperature of the external environment.
- FIG. 1 Schematic diagram showing an example of a display device composed of organic EL elements Schematic diagram of display section A in FIG.
- Pixel circuit diagram Schematic diagram of passive matrix type full color display device Schematic of lighting device Schematic diagram of lighting device Schematic configuration diagram of organic EL full-color display device Schematic configuration diagram of organic EL full-color display device Schematic configuration diagram of organic EL full-color display device Schematic configuration diagram of organic EL full-color display device Schematic configuration diagram of organic EL full-color display device Schematic configuration diagram of organic EL full-color display device Schematic configuration diagram of organic EL full-color display device Schematic configuration diagram of organic EL full-color display device
- the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention is an organic electroluminescent element having at least one light emitting layer sandwiched between an anode and a cathode, and the phosphor layer having the structure represented by the general formula (1) in the light emitting layer. It contains at least one photoluminescent organometallic complex.
- Rx in the phosphorescent organometallic complex represented by the general formula (1), preferably represents a cyano group. Since the cyano group has a bulky substituent suitable for suppressing the structural variation of the metal complex and an electron withdrawing property, it is possible to obtain both the shape change of the emission spectrum and the shortening of the emission maximum wavelength.
- the aromatic heterocyclic ring composed of B 11 to B 15 is an imidazole ring, a pyrazole ring or a triazole ring because an effect of reducing the distortion of the structure of the metal complex is obtained.
- the substituent represented by Ra 3 is a fluorine atom, so that the effect of shortening the emission maximum wavelength can be reduced. Is preferable.
- the phosphorescent organometallic complex contains at least one luminescent dopant that exhibits an emission color different from the emission color of the phosphorescent organometallic complex. It is preferable to exhibit white light emission.
- the organic EL element of the present invention can be suitably included in a lighting device and a display device.
- ⁇ is used to mean that the numerical values described before and after it are included as a lower limit value and an upper limit value.
- the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention is an organic electroluminescent element having at least one light emitting layer sandwiched between an anode and a cathode, and the phosphor layer having the structure represented by the general formula (1) in the light emitting layer. It contains at least one photoluminescent organometallic complex.
- the organic EL device of the present invention contains at least one phosphorescent organic metal complex having a structure represented by the following general formula (1) in the light emitting layer.
- the ring composed of A 11 to A 16 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring or an aromatic heterocyclic ring.
- the ring composed of B 11 to B 15 represents an aromatic heterocyclic ring.
- a 11 , A 12 and B 11 to B 15 each independently represent C or N.
- a 13 to A 16 each independently represent any of C, N, O, or S.
- k1 represents 0 or an integer of 1, and in the case of 0, A 14 and A 15 are directly bonded.
- Rx represents an electron withdrawing group.
- Ra 3 , Ra 4 , Ra 5 , Ra 6 , Rb 3 or Rb 4 on the N may not exist.
- Rb 3 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring having a substituent or an aromatic heterocyclic ring having a substituent
- Ra 3 to Ra 6 and Rb 4 each represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- the substituents may be bonded to each other to form a ring structure.
- the substituent on Rb 3 and the substituents on Ra 3 to Ra 6 and Rb 4 may be the same or different.
- Rb 3 is not aromatic heterocycle having aromatic hydrocarbon ring or a substituent having a substituent
- Rb 4 and Ra 3 ⁇ Ra 6 is each a hydrogen atom or a substituent
- Rb 3 At least one pair of two adjacent substituents among Rb 4 and Rx, or Ra 3 to Ra 6 is bonded to each other to form a ring structure.
- M represents iridium or platinum.
- L ′ represents a monoanionic bidentate ligand.
- n represents an integer of 1 to 3
- m represents an integer of 0 to 2.
- the groups represented by Ra 3 to Ra 6 , Rb 3 and Rb 4 are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom (eg, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, a fluorine atom, etc.), a cyano group, an alkyl group (eg, a methyl group) Group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, (t) butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, octyl group, dodecyl group, tridecyl group, tetradecyl group, pentadecyl group, benzyl group, etc.), alkenyl group (for example, vinyl group) Allyl group, etc.), alkynyl group (eg, propargyl group, etc.), alkoxy group (eg, methoxy group, ethoxy group, propyloxy group, pentyloxy group,
- Rb 3 is an aromatic hydrocarbon ring having a substituent
- examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon ring include a benzene ring, biphenyl ring, naphthalene ring, azulene ring, anthracene ring, phenanthrene ring, pyrene ring, chrysene ring, naphthacene ring, Triphenylene ring, o-terphenyl ring, m-terphenyl ring, p-terphenyl ring, acenaphthene ring, coronene ring, fluorene ring, fluoranthrene ring, naphthacene ring, pentacene ring, perylene ring, pentaphen ring, picene ring, Examples include a pyrene ring, a pyrantolen ring, and anthraanthrene ring. Particularly preferred is a benzene ring having a
- Rb 3 is an aromatic heterocycle having a substituent
- examples of the aromatic heterocycle include a silole ring, furan ring, thiophene ring, oxazole ring, pyrrole ring, pyridine ring, pyridazine ring, pyrimidine ring, pyrazine ring, Triazine ring, oxadiazole ring, triazole ring, imidazole ring, pyrazole ring, thiazole ring, indole ring, benzimidazole ring, benzthiazole ring, benzoxazole ring, quinoxaline ring, quinazoline ring, phthalazine ring, thienothiophene ring, carbazole ring , Azacarbazole ring (representing any one or more of the carbon atoms constituting the carbazole ring replaced by a nitrogen atom), dibenzosilole ring, dibenz
- Examples of the substituent on the aromatic hydrocarbon ring or aromatic heterocyclic ring include the same substituents as those represented by Ra 3 to Ra 6 , Rb 3 and Rb 4 . Among these, an alkyl group or an alkoxy group is preferable.
- Rb 3 is not an aromatic hydrocarbon ring having a substituent or an aromatic heterocycle
- Rb 3 , Rb 4 and Ra 3 to Ra 6 each represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent, but Rb 3 , Rb 4 and Rx Or at least one of two adjacent substituents of Ra 3 to Ra 6 are bonded to each other to form a ring structure.
- an aromatic hydrocarbon ring may be, for example, A non-aromatic hydrocarbon ring such as a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a phenanthrene ring, etc., a cycloalkane ring (for example, a cyclopentanone ring, a cyclohexane ring, etc.), and a heterocyclic ring (for example, a furan ring, a thiophene ring) Pyrrole ring, oxazole ring, pyrrolidine ring, imidazolidine ring, morpholine ring, oxazoline ring, indole ring, benzofuran ring, etc.). These may have a substituent. Examples of the substituent include the substituents represented by Ra 3 to Ra 6
- benzene ring particularly preferred are a benzene ring, an indole ring, and a benzofuran ring.
- the substituent represented by Ra 3 is a fluorine atom because an effect of shortening the maximum wavelength of light emission can be obtained.
- the substituent represented by Ra 6 is preferably an electron donating group (for example, an alkyl group (methyl group, i-propyl group, etc.)) because of the effect of shortening the emission maximum wavelength.
- an electron donating group for example, an alkyl group (methyl group, i-propyl group, etc.)
- Examples of the electron withdrawing group represented by Rx include a cyano group, a halogen (for example, a fluorine atom), a nitro group, a fluorine atom-containing substituent (for example, a fluorine-substituted alkyl group (for example, a trifluoromethyl group, etc.) )), Imino group, sulfonyl group (eg benzenesulfonyl group etc.), sulfinyl group (eg methylsulfinyl group etc.), carbonyl group (eg butoxycarbonyl group etc.), phosphine oxide group (eg dimethylphosphine oxide group) , A diphenylphosphine oxide group), an amide group (for example, a morpholinocarbonyl group, etc.), and the like.
- a cyano group for example, a fluorine atom
- a halogen for example, a fluorine atom
- Rx can be bonded to Rb 4 to form a ring structure.
- K1 represents an integer of 0 or 1. It is preferable that k1 represents 1. This is preferable because an effect of reducing the distortion of the structure of the metal complex can be obtained.
- Rd ′, Rd ′′ and Rd ′ ′′ represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- substituents include the substituents represented by Ra 3 to Ra 6 , Rb 3 and Rb 4 .
- X represents N, O, or S.
- N represents an integer of 1 to 3
- m represents an integer of 0 to 2.
- m is preferably 0 from the viewpoint of manifesting the effects of the present invention.
- a non-light emitting intermediate layer may be provided between the light emitting layers.
- an organic layer including a light emitting layer excluding an anode and a cathode can be used as one light emitting unit, and a plurality of light emitting units can be stacked.
- the plurality of stacked light emitting units may have a non-light emitting intermediate layer between the light emitting units, and the intermediate layer may further include a charge generation layer.
- the light emitting layer of the organic EL element of the present invention is preferably a white light emitting layer, and is preferably an illumination device or a display device using these. That is, the organic EL element preferably emits white light.
- the light emitting property exhibits an emission color different from the emission color of the phosphorescent organic metal complex. It is preferable to contain at least one dopant and exhibit white light emission.
- the light-emitting material contained in the white light-emitting layer it is preferable to use a light-emitting dopant exhibiting a plurality of light-emitting colors.
- a light-emitting dopant exhibiting a plurality of light-emitting colors two light-emitting dopants having different light emission maximum wavelengths can be used.
- three or more luminescent dopants having different emission maximum wavelengths such as the three primary colors of red, green, and blue may be combined.
- the hole transport layer is made of a hole transport material having a function of transporting holes, and in a broad sense, a hole injection layer and an electron blocking layer are also included in the hole transport layer.
- the hole transport layer can be provided as a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- the hole transport material has any of hole injection or transport and electron barrier properties, and may be either organic or inorganic.
- triazole derivatives oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives and pyrazolone derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, arylamine derivatives, amino-substituted chalcone derivatives, oxazole derivatives, styrylanthracene derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, hydrazone derivatives
- Examples thereof include stilbene derivatives, silazane derivatives, aniline copolymers, and conductive polymer oligomers, particularly thiophene oligomers.
- azatriphenylene derivatives as described in JP-T-2003-519432 and JP-A-2006-135145 can also be used as the hole transport material.
- hole transport material those described above can be used, but it is preferable to use a porphyrin compound, an aromatic tertiary amine compound and a styrylamine compound, particularly an aromatic tertiary amine compound.
- aromatic tertiary amine compounds and styrylamine compounds include N, N, N ′, N′-tetraphenyl-4,4′-diaminophenyl; N, N′-diphenyl-N, N′— Bis (3-methylphenyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl] -4,4′-diamine (TPD); 2,2-bis (4-di-p-tolylaminophenyl) propane; 1,1-bis (4-di-p-tolylaminophenyl) cyclohexane; N, N, N ′, N′-tetra-p-tolyl-4,4′-diaminobiphenyl; 1,1-bis (4-di-p-tolyl) Aminophenyl) -4-phenylcyclohexane; bis (4-dimethylamino-2-methylphenyl) phenylmethane; bis (4-di-p-tolylaminoph
- a polymer material in which these materials are introduced into a polymer chain or these materials are used as a polymer main chain can also be used.
- inorganic compounds such as p-type-Si and p-type-SiC can be used as the hole injection material and the hole transport material.
- JP-A-11-251067, J. Org. Huang et. al. A so-called p-type hole transport material as described in a book (Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), p. 139) can also be used. In the present invention, these materials are preferably used because a light-emitting element with higher efficiency can be obtained.
- the hole transport layer can be formed by thinning the hole transport material by a known method such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, a printing method including an ink jet method, or an LB method. it can.
- the thickness of the hole transport layer is not particularly limited, but is usually in the range of 5 nm to 5 ⁇ m, preferably in the range of 5 to 200 nm.
- This hole transport layer may have a single layer structure composed of one or more of the above materials.
- a hole transport layer having a high p property doped with impurities examples thereof include JP-A-4-297076, JP-A-2000-196140, JP-A-2001-102175, J. Pat. Appl. Phys. 95, 5773 (2004), and the like.
- a hole transport layer having such a high p property because a device with lower power consumption can be produced.
- the electron transport layer is made of a material having a function of transporting electrons, and in a broad sense, an electron injection layer and a hole blocking layer are also included in the electron transport layer.
- the electron transport layer can be provided with a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- the electron transport layer only needs to have a function of transmitting electrons injected from the cathode to the light emitting layer.
- any conventionally known compound may be selected and used in combination. Is possible.
- electron transport materials examples include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as nitro-substituted fluorene derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives, thiopyran dioxide derivatives, naphthalene perylene, Ring tetracarboxylic anhydride, carbodiimide, fluorenylidenemethane derivative, anthraquinodimethane and anthrone derivative, oxadiazole derivative, carboline derivative, or at least carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon ring constituting the carboline ring of the carboline derivative Derivatives having a ring structure, one of which is substituted with a nitrogen atom, hexaazatriphenylene derivatives and the like.
- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as nitro-substituted fluorene derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives, thiopyran dioxide derivatives, naphthalene perylene, Ring tetracarboxylic anhydride, carbod
- a thiadiazole derivative in which the oxygen atom of the oxadiazole ring is substituted with a sulfur atom, or a quinoxaline derivative having a quinoxaline ring known as an electron withdrawing group can also be used as an electron transport material.
- metal complexes of 8-quinolinol derivatives such as tris (8-quinolinol) aluminum (Alq), tris (5,7-dichloro-8-quinolinol) aluminum, tris (5,7-dibromo-8-quinolinol) aluminum Tris (2-methyl-8-quinolinol) aluminum, tris (5-methyl-8-quinolinol) aluminum, bis (8-quinolinol) zinc (Znq), and the like, and the central metals of these metal complexes are In, Mg, Metal complexes replaced with Cu, Ca, Sn, Ga, or Pb can also be used as the electron transport material.
- metal-free or metal phthalocyanine or those in which the terminal is substituted with an alkyl group or a sulfonic acid group can also be used as the electron transport material.
- An inorganic semiconductor such as n-type-Si and n-type-SiC can also be used as an electron transport material.
- the electron transport layer is made of an electron transport material such as a vacuum deposition method, a wet method (also referred to as a wet process, such as a spin coating method, a casting method, a die coating method, a blade coating method, a roll coating method, an ink jet method, a printing method, or a spraying method.
- the film is preferably formed by thinning by a coating method, curtain coating method, LB method (Langmuir Brodgett method, etc.).
- the thickness of the electron transport layer is not particularly limited, but is usually in the range of 5 to 5000 nm, preferably in the range of 5 to 200 nm.
- the electron transport layer may have a single layer structure composed of one or more of the above materials.
- an n-type dopant such as a metal compound such as a metal complex or a metal halide may be doped.
- Examples of conventionally known compounds (electron transport materials) preferably used for forming the electron transport layer of the organic EL device of the present invention include compounds of ET-1 to ET-43 described in JP2012-164731A. For example, but not limited to.
- the organic EL device of the present invention has at least one light emitting layer sandwiched between an anode and a cathode, and a phosphorescent organic metal complex having a structure represented by the general formula (1) is included in the light emitting layer. Contains at least one.
- the light-emitting layer is a layer that emits light by recombination of electrons and holes injected from the electrode or the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer. It may be an interface with an adjacent layer.
- the total thickness of the light-emitting layer is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of improving the uniformity of the film, preventing unnecessary application of a high voltage during light emission, and improving the stability of the emission color with respect to the drive current. It is preferably adjusted in the range of 2 nm to 5 ⁇ m, more preferably adjusted in the range of 2 to 200 nm, particularly preferably in the range of 5 to 100 nm.
- a light emitting dopant or a host compound described later is used, for example, a vacuum deposition method, a wet method (also referred to as a wet process, such as a spin coating method, a casting method, a die coating method, a blade coating method, a roll).
- the phosphorescence-emitting organometallic complex used for this invention it is preferable to form into a film by a wet process.
- the light emitting layer of the organic EL device of the present invention contains at least one phosphorescent organometallic complex represented by the above general formula (1) as a phosphorescent dopant.
- the light emitting layer preferably contains a host compound.
- the luminescent dopant will be described.
- the luminescent dopant at least one phosphorescent organometallic complex according to the present invention (a kind of phosphorescent dopant) is used.
- a phosphorescent dopant or a phosphorescent dopant other than the phosphorescent organometallic complex can be used.
- a phosphorescent dopant is a compound in which light emission from an excited triplet is observed, specifically, a compound that emits phosphorescence at room temperature (25 ° C.), and a phosphorescence quantum yield of 0 at 25 ° C.
- a preferred phosphorescence quantum yield is 0.1 or more, although it is defined as 0.01 or more compounds.
- the phosphorescent quantum yield can be measured by the method described in Spectroscopic II, page 398 (1992 edition, Maruzen) of the Fourth Edition Experimental Chemistry Course 7. Although the phosphorescence quantum yield in a solution can be measured using various solvents, the phosphorescence emitting dopant according to the present invention achieves the above phosphorescence quantum yield (0.01 or more) in any solvent. It only has to be done.
- phosphorescent dopants There are two types of light emission of phosphorescent dopants in principle. One is the recombination of carriers on the host compound to which carriers are transported to generate an excited state of the host compound. It is an energy transfer type in which light emission from a phosphorescent dopant is obtained by transferring to a luminescent dopant. The other is a carrier trap type in which a phosphorescent dopant becomes a carrier trap, carrier recombination occurs on the phosphorescent dopant, and light emission from the phosphorescent dopant is obtained. In any case, it is a condition that the excited state energy of the phosphorescent dopant is lower than the excited state energy of the host compound.
- Fluorescent luminescent dopants include coumarin dyes, pyran dyes, cyanine dyes, croconium dyes, squalium dyes, oxobenzanthracene dyes, fluorescein dyes, rhodamine dyes, pyrylium dyes, perylene dyes, stilbene dyes. And dyes having a high fluorescence quantum yield, such as laser dyes, and other dyes, polythiophene dyes, rare earth complex phosphors, and the like.
- the luminescent dopant may be used in combination with a plurality of types of compounds as long as the effect is not affected.
- a combination of phosphorescent luminescent dopants having different structures, or a phosphorescent luminescent dopant and Fluorescent light emitting dopants may be used in combination.
- preferable known phosphorescent dopant compounds that can be used in combination with the phosphorescent organometallic complex according to the present invention include, for example, D-1 to D-1 described in JP2012-195554A Examples thereof include, but are not limited to, compounds of D-47.
- diazacarbazole derivatives are those in which at least one carbon atom of the hydrocarbon ring constituting the carboline ring of the carboline derivative is substituted with a nitrogen atom).
- Specific examples of the known host compound used in the light emitting layer of the organic EL device of the present invention include, for example, the compounds OC-1 to OC-32 described in JP2012-164731A. It is not limited to these.
- particularly preferable examples of the host compound for the light emitting layer of the organic EL device of the present invention include compounds 1 to 56 which are compounds of the general formula (B) described in JP2012-164731A. However, it is not limited to these.
- Injection layer hole injection layer (anode buffer layer), electron injection layer (cathode buffer layer)
- the injection layer is a layer provided between the electrode and the organic layer for reducing the driving voltage and improving the light emission luminance as required.
- the organic EL element and its industrialization front line June 30, 1998 Chapter 2 “Electrode Materials” (pages 123 to 166) of Volume 2 of “TS Co., Ltd.”) is described in detail, and includes a hole injection layer (anode buffer layer) and an electron injection layer (cathode buffer layer).
- anode buffer layer hole injection layer
- anode buffer layer hole injection layer
- copper phthalocyanine is used.
- Examples thereof include a buffer layer, a polymer buffer layer using a conductive polymer such as polyaniline (emeraldine) and polythiophene, and an orthometalated complex layer represented by tris (2-phenylpyridine) iridium complex.
- a buffer layer a polymer buffer layer using a conductive polymer such as polyaniline (emeraldine) and polythiophene
- an orthometalated complex layer represented by tris (2-phenylpyridine) iridium complex.
- cathode buffer layer (electron injection layer) The details of the cathode buffer layer (electron injection layer) are described in JP-A-6-325871, JP-A-9-17574, JP-A-10-74586, and the like. Specifically, strontium, aluminum, etc.
- Metal buffer layer typified by, alkali metal compound buffer layer typified by lithium fluoride and potassium fluoride, alkaline earth metal compound buffer layer typified by magnesium fluoride and cesium fluoride, typified by aluminum oxide Examples thereof include an oxide buffer layer.
- the buffer layer (injection layer) is preferably a very thin film, and the thickness is preferably in the range of 0.1 nm to 5 ⁇ m, although it depends on the material.
- ⁇ Blocking layer hole blocking layer, electron blocking layer>
- the blocking layer is provided as necessary in addition to the basic constituent layer of the organic compound thin film. For example, it is described in JP-A Nos. 11-204258 and 11-204359, and “Organic EL elements and the forefront of industrialization (published by NTT Corporation on November 30, 1998)” on page 237. There is a hole blocking (hole blocking) layer.
- the hole blocking layer has a function of an electron transport layer and is composed of a hole blocking material having a function of transporting electrons and having a remarkably small ability to transport holes, while transporting electrons. By blocking holes, the recombination probability of electrons and holes can be improved.
- the structure of the electron transport layer described later can be used as a hole blocking layer according to the present invention, if necessary.
- the hole blocking layer of the organic EL device of the present invention is preferably provided adjacent to the light emitting layer.
- the hole blocking layer includes a carbazole derivative, a carboline derivative, a diazacarbazole derivative (the diazacarbazole derivative is a nitrogen atom in which any one of carbon atoms constituting the carboline ring is mentioned as the host compound described above. It is preferable to contain (represented by).
- the light emitting layer having the shortest wavelength of the light emission maximum wavelength is closest to the anode among all the light emitting layers.
- the thickness of the hole blocking layer and the electron transporting layer that can be used in the present invention is preferably in the range of 3 to 100 nm, and more preferably in the range of 5 to 30 nm.
- cathode a material having a low work function (4 eV or less) metal (referred to as an electron injecting metal), an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, and a mixture thereof as an electrode material is used.
- electrode materials include sodium, sodium-potassium alloy, magnesium, lithium, magnesium / copper mixture, magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium / aluminum mixture, magnesium / indium mixture, aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) Mixtures, indium, lithium / aluminum mixtures, rare earth metals and the like.
- a mixture of an electron injecting metal and a second metal which is a stable metal having a larger work function than this for example, a magnesium / silver mixture, Magnesium / aluminum mixtures, magnesium / indium mixtures, aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) mixtures, lithium / aluminum mixtures, aluminum and the like are preferred.
- the cathode can be produced by forming a thin film of these electrode materials by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering.
- the sheet resistance as the cathode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less, and the thickness is usually selected in the range of 10 nm to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 50 to 200 nm.
- the emission luminance is advantageously improved.
- a transparent or semi-transparent cathode is produced by producing a conductive transparent material mentioned in the explanation of the anode described later on the cathode after producing the metal with a thickness in the range of 1 to 20 nm.
- an electrode material made of a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, or a mixture thereof having a high work function (4 eV or more) is preferably used.
- electrode materials include metals such as Au, and conductive transparent materials such as CuI, indium tin oxide (ITO), SnO 2 , and ZnO.
- an amorphous material such as IDIXO (In 2 O 3 —ZnO) capable of forming a transparent conductive film may be used.
- the anode may be formed by depositing a thin film of these electrode materials by vapor deposition or sputtering, and a pattern having a desired shape may be formed by photolithography, or when pattern accuracy is not so high (about 100 ⁇ m or more) A pattern may be formed through a mask having a desired shape at the time of vapor deposition or sputtering of the electrode material.
- a wet film forming method such as a printing method or a coating method can be used.
- the transmittance be greater than 10%, and the sheet resistance as the anode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- the thickness depends on the material, it is usually selected within the range of 10 to 1000 nm, preferably within the range of 10 to 200 nm.
- substrate There are no particular limitations on the type of glass, plastic, etc., which can be used for the organic EL device of the present invention (hereinafter also referred to as a support substrate, base material, support, etc.), and even if it is transparent. It may be opaque. When extracting light from the substrate side, the substrate is preferably transparent. Examples of the transparent substrate preferably used include glass, quartz, and a transparent resin film. A particularly preferable substrate is a resin film capable of giving flexibility to the organic EL element.
- a thin film made of a desired electrode material for example, an anode material, is formed on a suitable substrate so as to have a thickness of 1 ⁇ m or less, preferably in the range of 10 to 200 nm, thereby producing an anode.
- a thin film containing an organic compound such as a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, or an electron injection layer, which is a device material, is formed thereon.
- a method for forming a thin film for example, it can be formed by a vacuum deposition method, a wet method (also referred to as a wet process), or the like.
- a wet method also referred to as a wet process
- Wet methods include spin coating, casting, die coating, blade coating, roll coating, ink jet, printing, spray coating, curtain coating, and LB, but precise thin films can be formed.
- a method having high suitability for a roll-to-roll method such as a die coating method, a roll coating method, an ink jet method, or a spray coating method is preferable. Different film formation methods may be applied for each layer.
- liquid medium for dissolving or dispersing the organic EL material examples include ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone and cyclohexanone, fatty acid esters such as ethyl acetate, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichlorobenzene, toluene, Aromatic hydrocarbons such as xylene, mesitylene and cyclohexylbenzene, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane, decalin and dodecane, and organic solvents such as DMF and DMSO can be used.
- ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone and cyclohexanone
- fatty acid esters such as ethyl acetate
- halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichlorobenzene, toluene
- Aromatic hydrocarbons such as xylene, mesitylene and cyclohexylbenzene
- aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cycl
- a dispersion method it can be dispersed by a dispersion method such as ultrasonic wave, high shearing force dispersion or media dispersion.
- a thin film made of a cathode material is formed thereon so as to have a thickness of 1 ⁇ m or less, preferably in the range of 50 to 200 nm, and a desired organic EL device can be obtained by providing a cathode. .
- the cathode, electron injection layer, electron transport layer, hole blocking layer, light emitting layer, hole transport layer, hole injection layer, and anode can be formed in the reverse order.
- the organic EL device of the present invention it is preferable to produce from the hole injection layer to the cathode consistently by a single evacuation, but it may be taken out halfway and subjected to different film forming methods. At that time, it is preferable to perform the work in a dry inert gas atmosphere.
- ⁇ Sealing> As a sealing means used for this invention, the method of adhere
- the sealing member may be disposed so as to cover the display area of the organic EL element, and may be a concave plate shape or a flat plate shape. Further, transparency and electrical insulation are not particularly limited. Specific examples include a glass plate, a polymer plate / film, and a metal plate / film.
- sealing member For processing the sealing member into a concave shape, sandblasting, chemical etching, or the like is used.
- an inorganic or organic layer as a sealing film by covering the electrode and the organic layer on the outer side of the electrode facing the substrate with the organic layer interposed therebetween, and in contact with the substrate.
- a protective film or a protective plate may be provided on the outer side of the sealing film on the side facing the substrate with the organic layer interposed therebetween or on the sealing film.
- the mechanical strength is not necessarily high, and thus it is preferable to provide such a protective film and a protective plate.
- the same glass plate, polymer plate / film, metal plate / film, etc. used for the sealing can be used, but the polymer film is light and thin. Is preferably used.
- An organic EL element emits light inside a layer having a refractive index higher than that of air (with a refractive index within a range of 1.7 to 2.1), and light of about 15% to 20% of light generated in the light emitting layer. It is generally said that it can only be taken out. This is because light incident on the interface (interface between the transparent substrate and air) at an angle ⁇ greater than the critical angle causes total reflection and cannot be taken out of the device, or between the transparent electrode or light emitting layer and the transparent substrate. This is because the light undergoes total reflection between the light and the light, and the light is guided through the transparent electrode or the light emitting layer.
- a method for improving the light extraction efficiency for example, a method of forming irregularities on the surface of the transparent substrate to prevent total reflection at the interface between the transparent substrate and the air (US Pat. No. 4,774,435), condensing on the substrate.
- a method of improving the efficiency by imparting a property Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-314795
- a method of forming a reflective surface on the side surface of the element Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-220394
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-220394 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-220394
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-220394 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-220394
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-202827 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-202827
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-283951 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-283951
- these methods can be used in combination with the organic EL device of the present invention.
- a method of introducing a flat layer having a lower refractive index than the substrate between the substrate and the light emitter, or a substrate, transparent A method of forming a diffraction grating between any layers of the electrode layer and the light emitting layer (including between the substrate and the outside) can be suitably used.
- the organic EL element of the present invention can be processed on a light extraction side of a substrate, for example, by providing a microlens array-like structure, or combined with a so-called condensing sheet, for example in a specific direction, for example, with respect to the element light emitting surface.
- a condensing sheet for example in a specific direction, for example, with respect to the element light emitting surface.
- quadrangular pyramids having a side of 30 ⁇ m and an apex angle of 90 degrees are arranged two-dimensionally on the light extraction side of the substrate.
- One side is preferably within a range of 10 to 100 ⁇ m. If it becomes smaller than this, the effect of diffraction will generate
- each layer constituting the organic EL element other than the characteristic part of the present invention, “substrate”, “sealing”, “protective film, protective plate”, “light extraction”, “light collecting sheet”
- substrate substrate
- substrate substrate
- protection protecting film
- protective plate protecting plate
- light extraction light collecting sheet
- the organic EL element of the present invention can be used as a display device, a display, and various light emission sources.
- lighting devices home lighting, interior lighting
- clock and liquid crystal backlights billboard advertisements, traffic lights, light sources of optical storage media, light sources of electrophotographic copying machines, light sources of optical communication processors, light
- the light source of a sensor etc. are mentioned, It is not limited to this, Especially, it can use effectively for the use as a backlight of a liquid crystal display device, and a light source for illumination.
- patterning may be performed by a metal mask, an ink jet printing method, or the like during film formation, if necessary.
- patterning only the electrode may be patterned, the electrode and the light emitting layer may be patterned, or the entire layer of the element may be patterned.
- a conventionally known method is used. Can do.
- the color of light emitted from the organic EL device of the present invention and the compound of the present invention is shown in FIG. 4.16 on page 108 of “New Color Science Handbook” (edited by the Japan Society of Color Science, University of Tokyo Press, 1985). It is determined by the color when the result measured with the radiance meter CS-1000 (manufactured by Konica Minolta Co., Ltd.) is applied to the CIE chromaticity coordinates.
- the display device of the present invention comprises the organic EL element of the present invention.
- the display device of the present invention may be single color or multicolor, the multicolor display device will be described here.
- a shadow mask is provided only at the time of forming a light emitting layer, and a film can be formed on one surface by vapor deposition, casting, spin coating, ink jet, printing, or the like.
- the method is not limited, but preferably, an evaporation method, an inkjet method, a spin coating method, or a printing method can be applied.
- the configuration of the organic EL element included in the display device can be selected from the above-described configuration examples of the organic EL element as necessary.
- the manufacturing method of an organic EL element is as having shown in the one aspect
- a DC voltage When a DC voltage is applied to the multicolor display device thus obtained, light emission can be observed by applying a voltage in the range of 2 to 40 V with the positive polarity of the anode and the negative polarity of the cathode. Further, even when a voltage is applied with the opposite polarity, no current flows and no light emission occurs. Further, when an AC voltage is applied, light is emitted only when the anode is in the + state and the cathode is in the-state.
- the alternating current waveform to be applied may be arbitrary.
- the multicolor display device can be used as a display device, a display, and various light sources.
- a display device or display full-color display is possible by using three types of organic EL elements of blue, red, and green light emission.
- Display devices and displays include televisions, personal computers, mobile devices, AV devices, teletext displays, information displays in automobiles, and the like. In particular, it may be used as a display device for reproducing still images and moving images, and the driving method when used as a display device for reproducing moving images may be either a simple matrix (passive matrix) method or an active matrix method.
- Light sources include home lighting, interior lighting, clock and liquid crystal backlights, billboard advertisements, traffic lights, light sources for optical storage media, light sources for electrophotographic copying machines, light sources for optical communication processors, light sources for optical sensors, etc.
- the present invention is not limited to these examples.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of a display device composed of organic EL elements. It is a schematic diagram of a display such as a mobile phone that displays image information by light emission of an organic EL element.
- the display 1 includes a display unit A having a plurality of pixels, a control unit B that performs image scanning of the display unit A based on image information, and the like.
- the control unit B is electrically connected to the display unit A, and sends a scanning signal and an image data signal to each of a plurality of pixels based on image information from the outside, and the pixels for each scanning line respond to the image data signal by the scanning signal.
- the image information is sequentially emitted to scan the image and display the image information on the display unit A.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the display unit A.
- the display unit A has a wiring unit including a plurality of scanning lines 5 and data lines 6 and a plurality of pixels 3 on the substrate.
- the main members of the display unit A will be described below.
- FIG. 2 shows a case where the light L emitted from the pixel 3 is extracted in the direction of the white arrow (downward).
- the scanning line 5 and the plurality of data lines 6 in the wiring portion are each made of a conductive material, and the scanning lines 5 and the data lines 6 are orthogonal to each other in a grid pattern and are connected to the pixels 3 at the orthogonal positions (details are illustrated). Not)
- the pixel 3 When the scanning signal is applied from the scanning line 5, the pixel 3 receives the image data signal from the data line 6 and emits light according to the received image data.
- Full-color display is possible by appropriately arranging pixels in the red region, the green region, and the blue region on the same substrate.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the pixel.
- the pixel includes an organic EL element 10, a switching transistor 11, a driving transistor 12, a capacitor 13, and the like.
- a full color display can be performed by using red, green, and blue light emitting organic EL elements as the organic EL elements 10 in a plurality of pixels, and juxtaposing them on the same substrate.
- an image data signal is applied from the control unit B to the drain of the switching transistor 11 via the data line 6.
- a scanning signal is applied from the control unit B to the gate of the switching transistor 11 via the scanning line 5
- the driving of the switching transistor 11 is turned on, and the image data signal applied to the drain is supplied to the capacitor 13 and the driving transistor 12. Is transmitted to the gate.
- the capacitor 13 is charged according to the potential of the image data signal, and the drive transistor 12 is turned on.
- the drive transistor 12 has a drain connected to the power supply line 7 and a source connected to the electrode of the organic EL element 10.
- the power supply line 7 connects the organic EL element 10 to the potential of the image data signal applied to the gate. Current is supplied.
- the driving of the switching transistor 11 When the scanning signal moves to the next scanning line 5 by the sequential scanning of the control unit B, the driving of the switching transistor 11 is turned off. However, since the capacitor 13 holds the charged potential of the image data signal even when the driving of the switching transistor 11 is turned off, the driving of the driving transistor 12 is kept on and the next scanning signal is applied. Until then, the light emission of the organic EL element 10 continues.
- the driving transistor 12 When the scanning signal is next applied by sequential scanning, the driving transistor 12 is driven according to the potential of the next image data signal synchronized with the scanning signal, and the organic EL element 10 emits light.
- the organic EL element 10 emits light by the switching transistor 11 and the drive transistor 12 that are active elements for the organic EL elements 10 of the plurality of pixels, and the organic EL elements 10 of the plurality of pixels 3 emit light. It is carried out.
- Such a light emitting method is called an active matrix method.
- the light emission of the organic EL element 10 may be light emission of a plurality of gradations by a multi-value image data signal having a plurality of gradation potentials, or by turning on / off a predetermined light emission amount by a binary image data signal. Good.
- the potential of the capacitor 13 may be held continuously until the next scanning signal is applied, or may be discharged immediately before the next scanning signal is applied.
- the present invention not only the active matrix method described above, but also a passive matrix light emission drive in which an organic EL element emits light according to a data signal only when a scanning signal is scanned.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a passive matrix display device.
- a plurality of scanning lines 5 and a plurality of image data lines 6 are provided in a lattice shape so as to face each other with the pixel 3 interposed therebetween.
- the scanning signal of the scanning line 5 is applied by sequential scanning, the pixels 3 connected to the applied scanning line 5 emit light according to the image data signal.
- the pixel 3 has no active element, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
- the lighting device of the present invention comprises the organic EL element of the present invention.
- the organic EL element of the present invention may be used as an organic EL element having a resonator structure.
- the purpose of use of the organic EL element having such a resonator structure is as follows.
- the light source of a machine, the light source of an optical communication processing machine, the light source of a photosensor, etc. are mentioned, However It is not limited to these. Moreover, you may use for the said use by making a laser oscillation.
- the organic EL element of the present invention may be used as a kind of lamp for illumination or exposure light source, a projection device for projecting an image, or a display for directly viewing a still image or a moving image. It may be used as a device (display).
- the driving method when used as a display device for moving image reproduction may be either a simple matrix (passive matrix) method or an active matrix method. Alternatively, it is possible to produce a full-color display device by using two or more organic EL elements of the present invention having different emission colors.
- the organic EL material of the present invention can be applied to an organic EL element that emits substantially white light as a lighting device.
- a plurality of light emitting colors are simultaneously emitted by a plurality of light emitting materials to obtain white light emission by color mixing.
- the combination of a plurality of emission colors may include three emission maximum wavelengths of the three primary colors of red, green, and blue, or two of the complementary colors such as blue and yellow, blue green and red, etc. The thing containing the light emission maximum wavelength may be used.
- a combination of light emitting materials for obtaining a plurality of emission colors is a combination of a plurality of phosphorescent or fluorescent materials, a light emitting material that emits fluorescence or phosphorescence, and light from the light emitting material as excitation light.
- a luminescent dopant is combined and mixed in addition to the phosphorescent organometallic complex according to the present invention. Just do it.
- an electrode film can be formed by a vapor deposition method, a cast method, a spin coating method, an ink jet method, a printing method, or the like, and productivity is also improved. According to this method, unlike the organic EL device that emits white light in which light emitting elements of a plurality of colors are arranged in parallel, the element itself emits white light.
- a luminescent material used for a light emitting layer For example, if it is a backlight in a liquid crystal display device, the metal complex which concerns on this invention so that it may suit the wavelength range corresponding to CF (color filter) characteristic, Any one of known luminescent materials may be selected and combined to whiten.
- CF color filter
- the non-light emitting surface of the organic EL device of the present invention is covered with a glass cover, and a glass substrate is used as a sealing substrate. Applying this, putting it on the cathode and sticking it to the transparent substrate, irradiating UV light from the glass substrate side, curing, sealing, and forming the lighting device as shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. Can do.
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a lighting device, and the organic EL element 101 of the present invention is covered with a glass cover 102 (in addition, the sealing operation with the glass cover is to bring the organic EL element 101 into contact with the atmosphere. And a glove box under a nitrogen atmosphere (in an atmosphere of high-purity nitrogen gas having a purity of 99.999% or more).
- FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional view of the lighting device.
- 105 denotes a cathode
- 106 denotes an organic EL layer
- 107 denotes a glass substrate with a transparent electrode.
- the glass cover 102 is filled with nitrogen gas 108 and a water catching agent 109 is provided.
- Example 1 ⁇ Production of Organic EL Element 1-1 >> An ITO (indium tin oxide) film having a thickness of 100 nm is formed on a substrate (NA Techno Glass NA45) as a positive electrode on a 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm ⁇ 1.1 mm glass substrate, and then this ITO transparent electrode is provided.
- the transparent substrate was ultrasonically cleaned with isopropyl alcohol, dried with dry nitrogen gas, and UV ozone cleaning was performed for 5 minutes.
- polystyrene sulfonate PEDOT / PSS, manufactured by HC Starck Co., Ltd., CLEVIO P VP AI 4083
- PEDOT / PSS polystyrene sulfonate
- a thin film was formed by spin coating at 3000 rpm for 30 seconds, dried at 200 ° C. for 1 hour, and transported through a first hole having a thickness of 20 nm. A layer was provided.
- This transparent substrate was fixed to a substrate holder of a commercially available vacuum evaporation apparatus, while 200 mg of ⁇ -NPD was placed as a hole transport material, and 200 mg of H-1 was placed as a host compound in another molybdenum resistance heating boat.
- 200 mg of ET-8 as an electron transport material was put into a resistance heating boat made of molybdenum
- 100 mg of Comparative Compound 1 as a luminescent dopant was put into another resistance heating boat made of molybdenum, and attached to a vacuum deposition apparatus.
- the structural formula of each compound used will be shown later.
- the vacuum chamber was depressurized to 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa, and then heated by energizing the heating boat containing ⁇ -NPD, and a thickness of 20 nm was formed on the first hole transport layer at 0.1 nm / second.
- a second hole transport layer was provided.
- the second hole transport was conducted by energizing and heating the heating boat containing H-1 as a host compound and Comparative Compound 1 as a luminescent dopant, respectively, at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / second and 0.025 nm / second, respectively.
- a light-emitting layer having a thickness of 30 nm was provided by co-evaporation on the layer.
- the heating boat containing ET-8 was energized and heated, and was deposited on the light emitting layer at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / second to provide an electron transport layer having a thickness of 30 nm.
- the substrate temperature at the time of vapor deposition was room temperature.
- Organic EL elements 1-2 to 1-26 were produced in the same manner as in the production of the organic EL element 1-1 except that the luminescent dopant of the light emitting layer was changed to the compounds shown in Table 1.
- the organic EL element is driven at a constant current at a room temperature (25 ° C.) with a current that gives an initial luminance of 1000 cd / m 2 , and a time that is 1 ⁇ 2 (500 cd / m 2 ) of the initial luminance is obtained.
- a half-life was defined as a half-life.
- the half-life is shown in Table 1 as a relative value with the organic EL element 1-1 as 100. Larger values are preferred for longer life.
- Drive voltage change 1 (drive voltage when the luminance of the organic EL element 1-1 is 70%) / (initial drive voltage of the organic EL element 1-1)
- Change in external extraction quantum efficiency at high temperature The organic EL element was turned on under a constant current condition of room temperature (25 ° C.) and 2.5 mA / cm 2 , and the emission luminance (L1) [cd / The external extraction quantum efficiency ( ⁇ 1) was calculated by measuring m 2 ]. Furthermore, the organic EL element was similarly measured at 50 ° C., and the external extraction quantum efficiency ( ⁇ 2) was calculated from the light emission luminance (L2).
- the organic EL elements 1-4 to 1-26 of the present invention have a longer emission lifetime, a low driving voltage, and a time-dependent drive voltage compared to the organic EL elements 1-1 to 1-3 of the comparative example. It can be seen that the change and the change in external extraction quantum efficiency under high temperature are small, and the characteristics as the device are improved.
- Example 2 ⁇ Preparation of organic EL elements 2-1 to 2-23 >>
- Example 1 was changed except that H-1 of the host compound was changed to H-2 and the luminescent dopant in the light emitting layer was changed to the compounds shown in Table 2.
- Organic EL elements 2-1 to 2-23 were produced in the same manner as described above.
- the obtained organic EL devices 2-1 to 2-23 were subjected to the same method as in Example 1, with (1) life, (2) drive voltage, (3) change over time in drive voltage, and (4) under high temperature.
- the change in external extraction quantum efficiency was evaluated.
- the evaluation results were expressed as relative values where the organic EL element 2-1 was 100. The results are shown in Table 2.
- the organic EL elements 2-5 to 2-23 of the present invention have a longer emission life, lower driving voltage, and lower driving voltage than the organic EL elements 2-1 to 2-4 of the comparative example. It can be seen that the change over time and the change in the external extraction quantum efficiency under high temperature are small, and the characteristics as the device are improved.
- the emission maximum wavelength was a long wave as compared with the case where a substituent was added to Rx.
- Example 3 ⁇ Preparation of organic EL elements 3-1 to 3-11 >> In the organic EL device 1-1 of Example 1, except that ET-8 of the electron transport layer was changed to ET-9 and the luminescent dopant in the light emitting layer was changed to the compounds shown in Table 3, Example Organic EL elements 3-1 to 3-11 were produced in the same manner as in 1.
- the obtained organic EL devices 3-1 to 3-11 were subjected to the same methods as in Example 1, with (1) life, (2) drive voltage, (3) change over time in drive voltage, and (4) under high temperature. Changes in external extraction quantum efficiency were evaluated. The evaluation results were expressed as relative values with the organic EL element 3-1 as 100. The results are shown in Table 3.
- the organic EL elements 3-2 to 3-11 of the present invention have a longer emission lifetime, a low driving voltage, a change with time of the driving voltage, and a high temperature compared to the organic EL element 3-1 of the comparative example. It can be seen that the change in the external extraction quantum efficiency is small and the characteristics as an element are improved.
- This transparent substrate is fixed to a substrate holder of a commercially available vacuum vapor deposition apparatus.
- 200 mg of ⁇ -NPD as a hole transport material is put in a molybdenum resistance heating boat, and the host compound H is used as a host compound in another molybdenum resistance heating boat.
- 200 mg of -1 is added, 200 mg of ET-8 as an electron transport material is put in another resistance heating boat made of molybdenum, and the compound 1 according to the present invention (phosphorescence emission that emits blue light) is used as a luminescent dopant in another resistance heating boat made of molybdenum.
- 100 mg of the organic metal complex was added, and 100 mg of D-10 was added as a light-emitting dopant to another molybdenum resistance heating boat and attached to a vacuum deposition apparatus.
- each of the heating boats containing ⁇ -NPD was separately energized and deposited on a transparent substrate at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / sec. A hole transport layer was provided.
- the heating boat containing the host compound H-1 as the host compound, the heating boat containing the compound 1 according to the present invention as the luminescent dopant, and the heating boat containing D-10 as the luminescent dopant were heated so that the respective deposition rates were adjusted to 100: 10: 0.2, and a light emitting layer having a thickness of 30 nm was provided.
- the heating boat containing ET-8 was energized and heated, and deposited on the light emitting layer at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / second to provide an electron transport layer having a thickness of 30 nm.
- the substrate temperature during vapor deposition was room temperature.
- lithium fluoride was vapor-deposited to form a cathode buffer layer having a thickness of 0.5 nm, and aluminum was further vapor-deposited to form a cathode having a thickness of 110 nm.
- an organic EL element 4-1 was produced.
- FIG. 7A ⁇ Preparation of white light-emitting organic EL element 5-1
- 7A to 7E are schematic configuration diagrams of an organic EL full-color display device. After patterning at a pitch of 100 ⁇ m (see FIG. 7A) on a substrate (NA 45 manufactured by NH Techno Glass Co., Ltd.) having a 100 nm ITO transparent electrode 202 formed as an anode on a glass substrate 201, A non-photosensitive polyimide partition wall 203 (width 20 ⁇ m, thickness 2.0 ⁇ m) was formed between the ITO transparent electrodes 202 by photolithography (see FIG. 7B).
- a hole injection layer composition having the following composition is ejected and injected on the ITO electrode 202 between the partition walls 203 using an inkjet head (manufactured by Epson: MJ800C), irradiated with ultraviolet light for 200 seconds, 60 ° C.
- a hole injection layer 204 having a layer thickness of 40 nm was provided by a drying process for 10 minutes (see FIG. 7C).
- a blue light-emitting layer composition, a green light-emitting layer composition, and a red light-emitting layer composition having the following compositions are similarly ejected and injected onto the hole injection layer 204 using an inkjet head, and dried at 60 ° C. for 10 minutes.
- the light emitting layers 205B, 205G, and 205R for each color were provided (see FIG. 7D).
- ET-8 is vapor-deposited so as to cover each of the coloring layers 205B, 205G, and 205R, and an electron transport layer (not shown) having a layer thickness of 20 nm is provided.
- a cathode buffer layer (not shown) was provided, Al was vapor-deposited, and a cathode 206 having a layer thickness of 130 nm was provided to produce an organic EL device (see FIG. 7E).
- the organic EL device of the present invention has a shorter emission maximum wavelength, a longer emission lifetime, a lower drive voltage, a smaller change in drive voltage over time, and a change in external extraction quantum efficiency even when used at high temperatures. It is small and can be preferably applied to a lighting device and a display device.
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Abstract
Description
A11、A12及びB11~B15は、各々独立に、C又はNを表す。
A13~A16は、各々独立に、C、N、O又はSのいずれかを表す。
k1は、0又は1の整数を表し、0の場合、A14とA15が、直接結合している。
Rxは、電子求引性基を表す。
A13~A16のいずれかが、O又はSの場合、当該O又はS上のRa3、Ra4、Ra5又はRa6は、存在しない。
A13~A16、B13及びB14のいずれかがNの場合、当該N上のRa3、Ra4、Ra5、Ra6、Rb3又はRb4は、存在しない場合もある。
Rb3が置換基を有する芳香族炭化水素環又は置換基を有する芳香族複素環を表す場合、Ra3~Ra6及びRb4は、各々水素原子又は置換基を表す。当該置換基が互いに結合して環構造を形成してもよい。Rb3上の置換基とRa3~Ra6及びRb4の置換基は同じでもあっても異なっていてもよい。
Rb3が置換基を有する芳香族炭化水素環又は置換基を有する芳香族複素環でない場合、Rb3、Rb4及びRa3~Ra6は、各々水素原子又は置換基を表すが、Rb3、Rb4及びRx、又はRa3~Ra6のうち隣接する二つの置換基の少なくともいずれか一組が、互いに結合して環構造を形成する。
Mは、イリジウム又は白金を表す。
L′は、モノアニオン性の二座配位子を表す。
nは1~3の整数を表し、mは0~2の整数を表す。)
2.前記一般式(1)のリン光発光性有機金属錯体において、Rxがシアノ基を表すことを特徴とする第1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子は、陽極と陰極により挟まれた少なくとも1層の発光層を有する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子であって、該発光層に前記一般式(1)で表される構造を有するリン光発光性有機金属錯体を少なくとも1種含有することを特徴とする。
本発明の有機EL素子は、発光層に下記一般式(1)で表される構造を有するリン光発光性有機金属錯体を少なくとも1種含有する。
A11、A12及びB11~B15は、各々独立に、C又はNを表す。
A13~A16は、各々独立に、C、N、O又はSのいずれかを表す。
k1は、0又は1の整数を表し、0の場合、A14とA15が、直接結合している。
Rxは、電子求引性基を表す。
A13~A16のいずれかが、O又はSの場合、当該O又はS上のRa3、Ra4、Ra5又はRa6は、存在しない。
A13~A16、B13及びB14のいずれかがNの場合、当該N上のRa3、Ra4、Ra5、Ra6、Rb3又はRb4は、存在しない場合もある。
Rb3が置換基を有する芳香族炭化水素環又は置換基を有する芳香族複素環を表す場合、Ra3~Ra6及びRb4は、各々水素原子又は置換基を表す。当該置換基が互いに結合して環構造を形成してもよい。Rb3上の置換基とRa3~Ra6及びRb4の置換基は同じでもあっても異なっていてもよい。
Rb3が置換基を有する芳香族炭化水素環又は置換基を有する芳香族複素環でない場合、Rb3、Rb4及びRa3~Ra6は、各々水素原子又は置換基を表すが、Rb3、Rb4及びRx、又はRa3~Ra6のうち隣接する二つの置換基の少なくともいずれか一組が、互いに結合して環構造を形成する。
Mは、イリジウム又は白金を表す。
L′は、モノアニオン性の二座配位子を表す。
nは1~3の整数を表し、mは0~2の整数を表す。
特に置換基を有するベンゼン環が好ましい。
1.0g(2.7mmol)の酢酸イリジウム、と3.9g(13.5mmol)の中間体1をエチレングリコール40ml中で窒素雰囲気下で150℃で3時間加熱しながら撹拌した。反応液を室温まで冷却し、酢酸エチルで抽出した。有機層を水洗し、減圧下で溶媒を留去して得られる濃縮物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーで精製し、例示した化合物9を0.05g得た。
有機EL素子の構成層について説明する。本発明において、有機EL素子の層構成の好ましい具体例を以下に示すが、本発明はこれらに限定されない。
(i)陽極/発光層/電子輸送層/陰極
(ii)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/陰極
(iii)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極
(iv)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極バッファー層/陰極
(v)陽極/陽極バッファー層/正孔輸送層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極バッファー層/陰極
なお、阻止層としては正孔阻止層の他に、電子阻止層を用いることもできる。
正孔輸送層とは、正孔を輸送する機能を有する正孔輸送材料からなり、広い意味で正孔注入層、電子阻止層も正孔輸送層に含まれる。正孔輸送層は単層又は複数層設けることができる。
電子輸送層とは、電子を輸送する機能を有する材料からなり、広い意味で電子注入層、正孔阻止層も電子輸送層に含まれる。電子輸送層は単層若しくは複数層を設けることができる。
本発明の有機EL素子は、陽極と陰極により挟まれた少なくとも1層の発光層を有し、該発光層に前記一般式(1)で表される構造を有するリン光発光性有機金属錯体を少なくとも1種含有する。
発光性ドーパントについて説明する。発光性ドーパントとしては、本発明に係るリン光発光性有機金属錯体(リン光発光性ドーパントの一種である。)が少なくとも1種用いられる。
リン光発光性ドーパントは、励起三重項からの発光が観測される化合物であり、具体的には室温(25℃)にてリン光発光する化合物であり、リン光量子収率が、25℃において0.01以上の化合物であると定義されるが、好ましいリン光量子収率は0.1以上である。
蛍光発光性ドーパントとしては、クマリン系色素、ピラン系色素、シアニン系色素、クロコニウム系色素、スクアリウム系色素、オキソベンツアントラセン系色素、フルオレセイン系色素、ローダミン系色素、ピリリウム系色素、ペリレン系色素、スチルベン系色素、ポリチオフェン系色素、又は希土類錯体系蛍光体等や、レーザー色素に代表される蛍光量子収率が高い化合物が挙げられる。
本発明に用いることができるホスト化合物としては、特に制限はなく、従来有機EL素子で用いられる化合物を用いることができる。
注入層とは、必要に応じて、駆動電圧低下や発光輝度向上のために電極と有機層間に設けられる層のことで、「有機EL素子とその工業化最前線(1998年11月30日エヌ・ティー・エス社発行)」の第2編第2章「電極材料」(123頁~166頁)に詳細に記載されており、正孔注入層(陽極バッファー層)と電子注入層(陰極バッファー層)とがある。
阻止層は、上記のごとく有機化合物薄膜の基本構成層の他に必要に応じて設けられるものである。例えば、特開平11-204258号公報、同11-204359号公報、及び「有機EL素子とその工業化最前線(1998年11月30日エヌ・ティー・エス社発行)」の237頁等に記載されている正孔阻止(ホールブロック)層がある。
一方、陰極としては、仕事関数の小さい(4eV以下)金属(電子注入性金属と称する)、合金、電気伝導性化合物及びこれらの混合物を電極物質とするものが用いられる。このような電極物質の具体例としては、ナトリウム、ナトリウム-カリウム合金、マグネシウム、リチウム、マグネシウム/銅混合物、マグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、インジウム、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、希土類金属等が挙げられる。これらの中で、電子注入性及び酸化等に対する耐久性の点から、電子注入性金属とこれより仕事関数の値が大きく安定な金属である第二金属との混合物、例えば、マグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、アルミニウム等が好適である。
有機EL素子における陽極としては、仕事関数の大きい(4eV以上)金属、合金、電気伝導性化合物及びこれらの混合物を電極物質とするものが好ましく用いられる。このような電極物質の具体例としては、Au等の金属、CuI、インジウムチンオキシド(ITO)、SnO2、ZnO等の導電性透明材料が挙げられる。
本発明の有機EL素子に用いることのできる基板(以下、支持基板、基材、支持体等ともいう。)としては、ガラス、プラスチック等の種類には特に限定はなく、また透明であっても不透明であってもよい。基板側から光を取り出す場合には、基板は透明であることが好ましい。好ましく用いられる透明な基板としては、ガラス、石英、透明樹脂フィルムを挙げることができる。特に好ましい基板は、有機EL素子にフレキシブル性を与えることが可能な樹脂フィルムである。
有機EL素子の作製方法の一例として、陽極/正孔注入層(陽極バッファー層)/正孔輸送層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/電子注入層(陰極バッファー層)/陰極からなる素子の作製方法について説明する。
本発明に用いられる封止手段としては、例えば、封止部材と電極、基板とを接着剤で接着する方法を挙げることができる。
有機層を挟み基板と対向する側の前記封止膜、あるいは前記封止用フィルムの外側に、素子の機械的強度を高めるために保護膜、あるいは保護板を設けてもよい。特に封止が前記封止膜により行われている場合には、その機械的強度は必ずしも高くないため、このような保護膜、保護板を設けることが好ましい。これに使用することができる材料としては、前記封止に用いたのと同様なガラス板、ポリマー板・フィルム、金属板・フィルム等を用いることができるが、軽量かつ薄膜化ということからポリマーフィルムを用いることが好ましい。
有機EL素子は空気よりも屈折率の高い(屈折率が1.7~2.1の範囲内程度)層の内部で発光し、発光層で発生した光のうち15%から20%程度の光しか取り出せないことが一般的に言われている。これは、臨界角以上の角度θで界面(透明基板と空気との界面)に入射する光は、全反射を起こし素子外部に取り出すことができないことや、透明電極ないし発光層と透明基板との間で光が全反射を起こし、光が透明電極ないし発光層を導波し、結果として光が素子側面方向に逃げるためである。
本発明の有機EL素子は基板の光取り出し側に、例えば、マイクロレンズアレイ状の構造を設けるように加工したり、あるいはいわゆる集光シートと組み合わせることにより、特定方向、例えば、素子発光面に対し正面方向に集光することにより、特定方向上の輝度を高めることができる。
本発明の有機EL素子は、表示デバイス、ディスプレイ、各種発光光源として用いることができる。発光光源として、例えば、照明装置(家庭用照明、車内照明)、時計や液晶用バックライト、看板広告、信号機、光記憶媒体の光源、電子写真複写機の光源、光通信処理機の光源、光センサーの光源等が挙げられるがこれに限定するものではないが、特に液晶表示装置のバックライト、照明用光源としての用途に有効に用いることができる。
本発明の表示装置について説明する。本発明の表示装置は、本発明の有機EL素子を具備したものである。本発明の表示装置は単色でも多色でもよいが、ここでは多色表示装置について説明する。
表示装置に具備される有機EL素子の構成は、必要に応じて上記の有機EL素子の構成例の中から選択することができる。
本発明の照明装置について説明する。本発明の照明装置は、本発明の有機EL素子を具備したものである。本発明の有機EL素子に共振器構造を持たせた有機EL素子として用いてもよく、このような共振器構造を有した有機EL素子の使用目的としては、光記憶媒体の光源、電子写真複写機の光源、光通信処理機の光源、光センサーの光源等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。また、レーザー発振をさせることにより上記用途に使用してもよい。
本発明の有機EL素子を具備した、本発明の照明装置の一態様について説明する。
《有機EL素子1-1の作製》
100mm×100mm×1.1mmのガラス基板上に、陽極としてITO(酸化インジウムスズ)を100nmの厚さで基板(NHテクノグラス社製NA45)に成膜を行った後、このITO透明電極を設けた透明基板をイソプロピルアルコールで超音波洗浄し、乾燥窒素ガスで乾燥し、UVオゾン洗浄を5分間行った。
4083)を純水で70%に希釈した溶液を用い、3000rpm、30秒の条件でスピンコート法により薄膜を形成した後、200℃にて1時間乾燥し、厚さ20nmの第1正孔輸送層を設けた。
有機EL素子1-1の作製において、発光層の発光性ドーパントを、表1に記載の化合物に変更する以外は、同様な方法で有機EL素子1-2~1-26を作製した。
得られた有機EL素子1-1~1-26を評価するに際しては、作製後の各有機EL素子の非発光面をガラスケースで覆い、厚さ300μmのガラス基板を封止用基板として用いて、周囲にシール材としてエポキシ系光硬化型接着剤(東亞合成社製ラックストラックLC0629B)を適用し、これを上記陰極上に重ねて前記透明基板と密着させ、ガラス基板側からUV光を照射して硬化させて封止し、図5及び図6に示すような照明装置を作製して評価した。
下記に示す測定法に従って、半減寿命の評価を行い、これを寿命の尺度とした。
有機EL素子を室温(25℃)、2.5mA/cm2の定電流条件下により駆動した時の電圧を各々測定し有機EL素子1-1を100とする相対値で表1に示した。値が小さいほど、駆動電圧が低く好ましい。
有機EL素子を室温(25℃)、2.5mA/cm2の定電流条件下により連続点灯を行い、初期輝度の70%の輝度となった時の駆動電圧を各々測定した。測定結果は下記に示すように、有機EL素子1-1が100となるように各々相対値で表1に示した。なお、値が小さいほうが比較に対して経時変化が小さく優れていることを示す。
各素子の駆動電圧変化=(各素子の輝度70%時の駆動電圧)/(各素子の初期駆動電圧)
駆動電圧の経時変化=100×(各素子の駆動電圧変化)/(駆動電圧変化1)
(4)高温下の外部取り出し量子効率の変化
有機EL素子を室温(25℃)、2.5mA/cm2の定電流条件下による点灯を行い、点灯開始直後の発光輝度(L1)[cd/m2]を測定することにより、外部取り出し量子効率(η1)を算出した。さらに、有機EL素子を50℃で同様に測定を行い、発光輝度(L2)から、外部取り出し量子効率(η2)を算出した。
各素子の高温下の外部取り出し量子効率変化=(各有機EL素子のη2)/(各有機EL素子のη1)
ここで、発光輝度の測定はCS-1000(コニカミノルタ(株)製)を用いて行い、高温下の外部取り出し量子効率の変化は有機EL素子1-1を100とする相対値で表1に示した。値が大きいほうが比較に対して優れていることを示す。
《有機EL素子2-1~2-23の作製》
実施例1の有機EL素子1-1において、ホスト化合物のH-1をH-2に変更し、発光層中の発光性ドーパントを、表2に記載の化合物に変更する以外は、実施例1と同同様な方法で有機EL素子2-1~2-23を作製した。得られた有機EL素子2-1~2-23は、実施例1と同様な方法で、(1)寿命、(2)駆動電圧、(3)駆動電圧の経時変化及び(4)高温下の外部取り出し量子効率の変化をそれぞれ評価した。評価結果を各々有機EL素子2-1を100とする相対値で表した。結果を表2に示す。
《有機EL素子3-1~3-11の作製》
実施例1の有機EL素子1-1において、電子輸送層のET-8をET-9に変更し、発光層中の発光性ドーパントを、表3に記載の化合物に変更する以外は、実施例1と同様な方法で、有機EL素子3-1~3-11を作製した。
《白色発光有機EL素子4-1の作製》
100mm×100mm×1.1mmのガラス基板上に、陽極としてITOを100nmの厚さで製膜した基板(NHテクノグラス社製NA45)にパターニングを行った後、このITO透明電極を設けた透明基板をイソプロピルアルコールで超音波洗浄し、乾燥窒素ガスで乾燥し、UVオゾン洗浄を5分間行った。
有機EL素子4-1の作製において、発光層に用いる発光性ドーパントを本発明に係る化合物1から、本発明に係る化合物5及び化合物9変更した以外は有機EL素子4-1の作製と同様にして、有機EL素子4-2及び4-3を作製した。
作製した有機EL素子4-1~4-3に通電したところ白色の光が得られ、白色光の照明装置として使用できることが分かった。
《白色発光有機EL素子5-1の作製》
図7A~7Eは有機ELフルカラー表示装置の概略構成図を示す。ガラス基板201上に、陽極としてITO透明電極202を100nm成膜した基板(NH テクノグラス社製 NA45)に100μmのピッチでパターニングを行った後(図7A参照)、このガラス基板201上であってITO透明電極202間に非感光性ポリイミドの隔壁203(幅20μm、厚さ2.0μm)をフォトリソグラフィーで形成した(図7B参照)。
HT-1 20質量部
シクロヘキシルベンゼン 50質量部
イソプロピルビフェニル 50質量部
(青色発光層組成物)
ホスト化合物H-3 0.70質量部
化合物19 0.04質量部
シクロヘキシルベンゼン 50質量部
イソプロピルビフェニル 50質量部
(緑色発光層組成物)
ホスト化合物H-3 0.70質量部
D-1 0.04質量部
シクロヘキシルベンゼン 50質量部
イソプロピルビフェニル 50質量部
(赤色発光層組成物)
ホスト化合物H-3 0.70質量部
D-10 0.04質量部
シクロヘキシルベンゼン 50質量部
イソプロピルビフェニル 50質量部
3 画素
5 走査線
6 データ線
7 電源ライン
10 有機EL素子
11 スイッチングトランジスター
12 駆動トランジスター
13 コンデンサー
A 表示部
B 制御部
101 照明装置
102 ガラスカバー
105 陰極
106 有機EL層
107 ガラス基板
108 窒素ガス
109 捕水剤
201 ガラス基板
202 ITO透明電極
203 隔壁
204 正孔注入層
205B、205G、205R 発光層
206 陰極
L 光
Claims (9)
- 陽極と陰極により挟まれた少なくとも1層の発光層を有する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子であって、該発光層に下記一般式(1)で表される構造を有するリン光発光性有機金属錯体を少なくとも1種含有することを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
A11、A12及びB11~B15は、各々独立に、C又はNを表す。
A13~A16は、各々独立に、C、N、O又はSのいずれかを表す。
k1は、0又は1の整数を表し、0の場合、A14とA15が、直接結合している。
Rxは、電子求引性基を表す。
A13~A16のいずれかが、O又はSの場合、当該O又はS上のRa3、Ra4、Ra5又はRa6は、存在しない。
A13~A16、B13及びB14のいずれかがNの場合、当該N上のRa3、Ra4、Ra5、Ra6、Rb3又はRb4は、存在しない場合もある。
Rb3が置換基を有する芳香族炭化水素環又は置換基を有する芳香族複素環を表す場合、Ra3~Ra6及びRb4は、各々水素原子又は置換基を表す。当該置換基が互いに結合して環構造を形成してもよい。Rb3上の置換基とRa3~Ra6及びRb4の置換基は同じでもあっても異なっていてもよい。
Rb3が置換基を有する芳香族炭化水素環又は置換基を有する芳香族複素環でない場合、Rb3、Rb4及びRa3~Ra6は、各々水素原子又は置換基を表すが、Rb3、Rb4及びRx、又はRa3~Ra6のうち隣接する二つの置換基の少なくともいずれか一組が、互いに結合して環構造を形成する。
Mは、イリジウム又は白金を表す。
L′は、モノアニオン性の二座配位子を表す。
nは1~3の整数を表し、mは0~2の整数を表す。) - 前記一般式(1)のリン光発光性有機金属錯体において、Rxがシアノ基を表すことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記、B11~B15で構成される芳香族複素環が、イミダゾール環であることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記、B11~B15で構成される芳香族複素環が、ピラゾール環であることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記、B11~B15で構成される芳香族複素環が、トリアゾール環であることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記一般式(1)で表されるリン光発光性有機金属錯体において、Ra3で表される置換基が、フッ素原子であることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項5までのいずれか一項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記一般式(1)で表されるリン光発光性有機金属錯体に加えて、当該リン光発光性有機金属錯体の発光色とは異なる発光色を示す発光性ドーパントを少なくとも1つ含有し、白色発光を呈することを特徴とする請求項1から請求項6までのいずれか一項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 請求項1から請求項7までのいずれか一項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を具備することを特徴とする照明装置。
- 請求項1から請求項7までのいずれか一項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を具備することを特徴とする表示装置。
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US20160315273A1 (en) | 2016-10-27 |
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