WO2015079895A1 - 車両用空気調和装置及びこれを備えた鉄道車両 - Google Patents
車両用空気調和装置及びこれを備えた鉄道車両 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015079895A1 WO2015079895A1 PCT/JP2014/079698 JP2014079698W WO2015079895A1 WO 2015079895 A1 WO2015079895 A1 WO 2015079895A1 JP 2014079698 W JP2014079698 W JP 2014079698W WO 2015079895 A1 WO2015079895 A1 WO 2015079895A1
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- opening
- damper
- air conditioner
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- outdoor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D27/00—Heating, cooling, ventilating, or air-conditioning
- B61D27/0018—Air-conditioning means, i.e. combining at least two of the following ways of treating or supplying air, namely heating, cooling or ventilating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
- B60H1/00371—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles carrying large numbers of passengers, e.g. buses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00007—Combined heating, ventilating, or cooling devices
- B60H1/00207—Combined heating, ventilating, or cooling devices characterised by the position of the HVAC devices with respect to the passenger compartment
- B60H2001/00235—Devices in the roof area of the passenger compartment
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vehicle air conditioner and a railway vehicle including the same.
- the air conditioner installed on the roof of railway cars operated by subways is often used exclusively for cooling.
- the railway vehicle equipped with such an air conditioner supplies warm air to the cabin by operating an electric heater provided under the seat in the cabin in the winter season when heating is required.
- an indoor room and an outdoor room are formed inside the main body of the vehicle air conditioner.
- An indoor fan and an indoor heat exchanger are provided in the indoor room.
- the outdoor room is provided with a compressor, an outdoor fan, and an outdoor heat exchanger.
- an outside air intake is formed in the upper part of the main body of a vehicle air conditioner, and the outside air introduced into the inside of the body and the outdoor heat are introduced into the body through the outside air intake during heating operation.
- a vehicle air conditioner that heats the interior of the cabin by exchanging heat with the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant piping of the exchanger.
- Patent Document 2 There has been an air conditioner that discharges from a formed outside air discharge port (Patent Document 2).
- the air conditioner of Patent Document 2 is provided with a separation plate on the side of the outside air outlet in the main body, with a peripheral surface of the casing where the strongest centrifugal force is generated and an interval within a range where the centrifugal force is sufficiently generated.
- an air flow containing a relatively heavy substance such as snowflakes is guided to the peripheral surface of the casing and discharged to the outside from the discharge port.
- Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 60-7258 first page, second page, FIG. 6
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-193554 page 3, page 4, FIG. 3
- the present invention has been made against the background of the above-described problems, and makes it easy to continue the heat pump operation without depending on the external environment, and can reduce the cost and power consumption compared with the conventional vehicle air conditioner. And it aims at providing a rail vehicle provided with this.
- An air conditioner for a vehicle according to the present invention is provided at an upper part of a vehicle main body of a railway vehicle, an air conditioner main body having a first opening formed at an upper portion and a second opening formed at a lower portion, and the interior of the air conditioner main body.
- An outdoor heat exchanger provided in the air conditioner body, an outdoor blower that sends air to the outdoor heat exchanger, a first damper that opens and closes the first opening, and the second opening.
- the first damper is controlled to close or partially open the first opening on the basis of a value related to the outside air temperature and a reference value related to the value, and the second opening is opened and closed. Control means for controlling the second damper so as to be at least partially opened.
- the railway vehicle of the present invention includes the vehicle air conditioner of the present invention.
- the control means controls the first damper so as to close or partially open the first opening based on the value related to the outside air temperature and the reference value related to the value, and at least one second opening is controlled.
- the second damper is controlled so that the part is opened. Therefore, it is possible to easily continue the heat pump operation without depending on the external environment, and it is possible to reduce cost and power consumption as compared with the conventional case.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an internal structure of a vehicle air conditioner 1 for a railway vehicle 100 according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the internal structure of the vehicle air conditioner 1 of the rail vehicle 100 which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a top view which shows the internal structure of the vehicle air conditioner 1 of the rail vehicle 100 which concerns on Embodiment 2.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the internal structure of the vehicle air conditioner 1 of the rail vehicle 100 which concerns on Embodiment 2.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the internal structure of the vehicle air conditioner 1 of the rail vehicle 100 which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a top view which shows the internal structure of the vehicle air conditioner 1 of the rail vehicle 100 which concerns on Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a side view of a railway vehicle 100 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line XX of FIG.
- the railway vehicle 100 includes a vehicle air conditioner 1, a vehicle main body 100 ⁇ / b> A, and temperature detection means (not shown).
- the vehicle air conditioner 1 is, for example, a heat pump (cooling / heating) air conditioner having an air conditioner body 1A.
- the air conditioner main body 1 ⁇ / b> A is a member that constitutes the outline of the vehicle air conditioner 1.
- the internal structure of the air conditioner main body 1A will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.
- the vehicle main body 100 ⁇ / b> A is a member that configures the outline of the railway vehicle 100.
- a cabin 2 is provided inside the vehicle main body 100A.
- the upper part of the vehicle main body 100 ⁇ / b> A is constituted by a roof 3.
- the vehicle main body 100A is provided with a support member 4 connected at the upper part of the vehicle main body 100A.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the internal structure of the vehicle air conditioner 1 of the railway vehicle 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the interior of the vehicle air conditioner 1 is partitioned, and an indoor room 6 and an outdoor room 9 are formed.
- the indoor room 6 is provided with a control means 5, an indoor blower 7, an indoor heat exchanger 8, and an indoor fan motor (not shown).
- the outdoor room 9 is provided with a compressor 10, outdoor fans 11a and 11b, outdoor heat exchangers 12a and 12b, and an outdoor fan motor (not shown).
- the control means 5 controls the operation of the vehicle air conditioner 1, and is, for example, hardware such as a circuit device that realizes this function, or software executed on an arithmetic device such as a microcomputer or a CPU. Composed.
- the temperature detecting means detects the outside air temperature or the like, and is constituted by a thermistor, for example.
- the indoor blower 7 is composed of, for example, a centrifugal (sirocco fan) blower.
- the indoor blower 7 has a function of guiding the air in the cabin 2 to the indoor heat exchanger 8.
- the indoor heat exchanger 8 has fins (not shown) and refrigerant piping (not shown).
- the indoor heat exchanger 8 is provided on the outer side in the width direction of the vehicle air conditioner 1 with respect to the indoor blower 7.
- the indoor heat exchanger 8 exhibits a function as an evaporator during a cooling operation and a function as a condenser during a heating operation by switching a four-way valve (not shown).
- the compressor 10 compresses and discharges the refrigerant circulating in the refrigeration cycle so as to become a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant.
- a pair of compressors 10 are arranged at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle air conditioner 1.
- the outdoor blowers 11 a and 11 b are constituted by, for example, an axial flow (propeller fan) blower, and are disposed between the pair of compressors 10, for example.
- the outdoor heat exchangers 12a and 12b are respectively provided on the outer side in the width direction of the vehicle air conditioner 1 with respect to the outdoor fans 11a and 11b.
- the outdoor heat exchangers 12a and 12b switch a four-way valve (not shown), thereby exhibiting a function as a condenser during a cooling operation and exhibiting a function as an evaporator during a heating operation.
- the control means 5 drives the indoor fan motor and the outdoor fan motor.
- the indoor fan 7 is rotated by driving the indoor fan motor, and the outdoor fans 11a and 11b are rotated by driving the outdoor fan motor.
- the air in the cabin 2 is guided to the indoor heat exchanger 8 by the rotation of the indoor blower 7. Then, heat is exchanged between the air guided to the indoor heat exchanger 8 and the refrigerant guided to the indoor heat exchanger 8. Moreover, outdoor air (11a, 11b) rotates, and outdoor air (outside air) is guide
- the indoor heat exchanger 8 functions as a condenser
- the outdoor heat exchangers 12a and 12b function as evaporators.
- the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 10 is guided to the indoor heat exchanger 8, and heat exchange is performed with the air guided to the indoor heat exchanger 8 when the indoor blower 7 rotates.
- the air led to the indoor heat exchanger 8 is heat-exchanged with the refrigerant led to the indoor heat exchanger 8 and led to the cabin 2.
- the refrigerant that has exchanged heat with the air guided to the indoor heat exchanger 8 is decompressed by an expansion valve (not shown) or the like, and is guided to the outdoor heat exchangers 12a and 12b.
- the refrigerant guided to the outdoor heat exchangers 12a and 12b exchanges heat with the air guided to the outdoor heat exchangers 12a and 12b as the outdoor fans 11a and 11b rotate, and is guided to the compressor 10.
- the air guided to the outdoor heat exchangers 12a and 12b is heat-exchanged with the refrigerant guided to the outdoor heat exchangers 12a and 12b, and is guided outside the vehicle air conditioner 1.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an internal structure of the vehicle air conditioner 1 of the railway vehicle 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the air conditioner main body 1A includes an outdoor upper surface cover 13a and a bottom plate portion 13b.
- a first opening 14a, a second opening 14b, and outside air discharge ports 15a and 15b are formed in the air conditioner main body 1A.
- a gap 30 is formed between the railway vehicle 100 and the vehicle air conditioner 1.
- the air gap 30 is a space for guiding outside air to the vehicle air conditioner 1 through the second opening 14b (described later).
- the first opening 14a is an opening for introducing outside air into the vehicle air conditioner 1.
- the first opening 14a is formed near the center in the width direction of the outdoor upper surface cover 13a.
- the first opening 14a is provided with a first damper 25a for opening and closing the first opening 14a.
- the second opening 14b is an opening for guiding outside air to the inside of the vehicle air conditioner 1.
- the second opening 14b is formed near the center in the width direction of the bottom plate portion 13b.
- the second opening 14b is provided with a second damper 25b for opening and closing the second opening 14b.
- the first damper 25a and the second damper 25b are controlled by the control means 5.
- the control unit 5 controls the first damper 25a and the second damper 25b based on the detection result of the temperature detection unit. Specifically, for example, when the detection information of the temperature detection unit is less than the reference value, the control unit 5 controls the first damper 25a so as to close the first opening 14a and opens the second opening 14b. Thus, the second damper 25b is controlled.
- the outdoor blowers 11 a and 11 b are provided on the left and right, respectively, with the central portion of the outdoor room 9 as the center.
- the outdoor blower 11a is arranged so that the discharge direction of the sucked air faces the outdoor heat exchanger 12a and the outdoor air discharge port 15a.
- the outdoor blower 11b is arranged so that the discharge direction of the sucked air faces the outdoor heat exchanger 12b and the outdoor air discharge port 15b.
- the control means 5 determines that it is not during winter snowing, controls the first damper 25a to open the first opening 14a, and controls the second opening.
- the second damper 25b is controlled so as to open 14b.
- the outdoor blowers 11a and 11b When the outdoor blowers 11a and 11b are operated in a state where the first opening 14a and the second opening 14b are opened, the outside air flows into the air conditioner main body 1A from the first opening 14a and the second opening 14b. Circulates inside the apparatus main body 1A. The outside air that circulates inside the air conditioner body 1A is discharged to the outside of the air conditioner body 1A from the outside air discharge ports 15a and 15b. In this way, it is possible to increase the air volume of the outdoor fans 11a and 11b and suppress the increase in the high pressure of the refrigeration cycle.
- the control means 5 controls the first damper 25a so as to open the first opening 14a and closes the second opening 14b when the detection value of the temperature detection means is equal to or higher than the reference value.
- the damper 25b may be controlled.
- the control means 5 determines that it is during winter snowing, controls the first damper 25a to close the first opening 14a, The second damper 25b is controlled to open the two openings 14b.
- the outdoor blowers 11a and 11b When the outdoor blowers 11a and 11b are operated with the first opening 14a closed and the second opening 14b opened, the outside air passes through the second opening 14b and is introduced into the outdoor heat exchangers 12a and 12b. Is done.
- the refrigerant flowing through the outdoor heat exchangers 12 a and 12 b absorbs heat from the outside air introduced into the outdoor heat exchangers 12 a and 12 b and is guided to the compressor 10.
- the outdoor air introduced into the outdoor heat exchangers 12a and 12b exchanges heat with the refrigerant flowing through the outdoor heat exchangers 12a and 12b, and then is discharged to the outside of the air conditioner main body 1A through the outdoor air discharge ports 15a and 15b.
- the cabin 2 can be heated without separately using heating means such as an electric heater inside the railway vehicle 100. Therefore, the cost can be reduced and the power consumption can be reduced as compared with the conventional case.
- control means 5 demonstrated the example which controls the 1st damper 25a and the 2nd damper 25b based on the detected value of a temperature detection means, it is not limited to this.
- a control unit for controlling the first damper 25a and a control unit for controlling the second damper 25b may be provided separately.
- control unit 5 may be configured to control the first damper 25a and the second damper 25b stepwise based on the detection value of the temperature detection unit. Specifically, for example, the control means 5 controls the first damper 25a so that the first opening 14a is partially opened, and controls the second damper 25b so that the second opening 14b is partially opened. More specifically, for example, the control means 5 controls the first damper 25a so as to reduce the opening area of the first opening 14a as the value obtained by subtracting the reference value from the detected value of the temperature detecting means is smaller. The second damper 25b is controlled to increase the opening area of the second opening 14b as the value obtained by subtracting the reference value from the detection value of the detection means is smaller.
- control unit 5 may be configured to control the first damper 25a and the second damper 25b in consideration of detection information of other sensors in addition to the detection value of the temperature detection unit.
- a load detection unit that detects a load is provided, and the control unit 5 controls the first damper 25a and the second damper 25b based on the detection value of the load detection unit that is a value related to the outside air temperature. It is good.
- the load detection means is constituted by, for example, a device that measures the rotational speed of the compressor 10.
- control means 5 may be configured to control the first damper 25a and the second damper 25b based on a preset setting value.
- the preset setting value is, for example, a value related to time, and is stored in, for example, a storage unit (not shown) of the control unit 5.
- the control means 5 controls the 1st damper 25a and the 2nd damper 25b based on the value regarding this time.
- the control unit 5 controls the first damper 25a so as to close the first opening 14a when a certain time (for example, 4 hours) has elapsed since the start of the operation of the vehicle air conditioner 1.
- the second damper 25b is controlled so as to open the second opening 14b.
- the vehicle air conditioner 1 according to the first embodiment is provided in the upper part of the vehicle main body 100A of the railway vehicle 100, the first opening 14a is formed in the upper part, and the second opening 14b is formed in the lower part.
- the first damper 25a that opens and closes the first opening 14a
- the second damper 25b that opens and closes the second opening 14b
- the control means 5 controls the first damper 25a so as to close or partially open the first opening 14a
- controls the second damper 25b so as to open at least partly the second opening 14b.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view showing the internal structure of the vehicle air conditioner 1 of the railway vehicle 100 according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an internal structure of the vehicle air conditioner 1 of the railway vehicle 100 according to the second embodiment.
- an outdoor fan 26 and an outdoor fan 27 are provided in the center of the outdoor room 9.
- the outdoor blowers 26 and 27 are constituted by, for example, a centrifugal (turbo fan) blower.
- a centrifugal blower about the outdoor air blowers 26 and 27, you may substitute with the single double axis
- the control of the first damper 25a and the second damper 25b in the second embodiment is the same as the control of the first damper 25a and the second damper 25b in the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof is omitted.
- the vehicle air conditioner 1 according to Embodiment 2 can achieve the same effects as the vehicle air conditioner 1 according to Embodiment 1.
- the outdoor fans 26 and 27 are constituted by turbo-type blowers. Therefore, as compared with the case where the outdoor blowers 11a and 11b are constituted by propeller-type blowers as in the first embodiment, noise is reduced. Can be small.
- 1 Air conditioner for vehicle 1A air conditioner body, 2 guest rooms, 3 roofs, 4 support members, 5 control means, 6 indoor rooms, 7 indoor blowers, 8 indoor heat exchangers, 9 outdoor rooms, 10 compressors, 11a, 11b outdoor fan, 12a, 12b outdoor heat exchanger, 13a outdoor top cover, 13b bottom plate, 14a first opening, 14b second opening, 15a, 15b outdoor air outlet, 25a first damper, 25b second damper, 26, 27 Outdoor blower, 30 air gap, 100 railway vehicle, 100A vehicle body.
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Abstract
Description
図1は実施の形態1に係る鉄道車両100の側面図を示す図である。図2は図1のX-X断面図である。図1,図2に示されるように、鉄道車両100は、車両用空気調和装置1と、車両本体100Aと、温度検知手段(図示省略)と、を備える。
車両用空気調和装置1の運転が開始されると、制御手段5は、室内ファンモータ及び室外ファンモータを駆動させる。室内ファンモータが駆動することで室内送風機7が回転し、室外ファンモータが駆動することで室外送風機11a,11bが回転する。
このため、特に冬季降雪時において、雪片などの物質が第1開口14aを通過することを抑制でき、第2開口14bを通過して車両用空気調和装置1の内部に外気を取り込むことができる。したがって、外部環境に依らずにヒートポンプ運転を継続し易くし、従来よりもコストを削減し且つ消費電力を低減できる。
次に、実施の形態2に係る車両用空気調和装置1について説明する。実施の形態1と同一の構造については同一の符号を付して説明を割愛する。図5は、実施の形態2に係る鉄道車両100の車両用空気調和装置1の内部構造を示す平面図である。図6は実施の形態2に係る鉄道車両100の車両用空気調和装置1の内部構造を示す図である。
Claims (7)
- 鉄道車両の車両本体の上部に設けられる車両用空気調和装置であって、
上部に第1開口が形成され、下部に第2開口が形成された空調装置本体と、
前記空調装置本体の内部に設けられた室外熱交換器と、
前記空調装置本体の内部に設けられ、前記室外熱交換器に空気を送出する室外送風機と、
前記第1開口を開閉する第1ダンパと、
前記第2開口を開閉する第2ダンパと、
外気温度に関する値及び前記値に関連する基準値に基づいて、前記第1開口を閉塞あるいは一部開放するように前記第1ダンパを制御し、前記第2開口を少なくとも一部開放するように前記第2ダンパを制御する制御手段と、を備えた
ことを特徴とする車両用空気調和装置。 - 外気温度を検知する温度検知手段をさらに備え、
前記制御手段は、
前記外気温度に関する値である前記温度検知手段の検知値及び前記検知値に関連する基準値に基づいて、前記第1ダンパ及び前記第2ダンパを制御する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車両用空気調和装置。 - 前記制御手段は、
前記温度検知手段の検知値から前記検知値に関連する基準値を減じた値が小さい程、前記第1開口の開口面積を小さくする
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の車両用空気調和装置。 - 前記制御手段は、
暖房運転時において、前記外気温度に関する値が前記基準値未満である場合に、前記第1開口を閉塞するように前記第1ダンパを制御し、前記第2開口を少なくとも一部開放するように前記第2ダンパを制御する
ことを特徴とする請求項2又は請求項3に記載の車両用空気調和装置。 - 負荷を検知する負荷検知手段をさらに備え、
前記制御手段は、
前記外気温度に関する値である前記負荷検知手段の検知値及び前記検知値に関連する基準値に基づいて、前記第1ダンパ及び前記第2ダンパを制御する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車両用空気調和装置。 - 前記室外送風機は、軸流式あるいは遠心式で構成されている
ことを特徴とする請求項1~請求項5の何れか一項に記載の車両用空気調和装置。 - 請求項1~請求項6の何れか一項に記載の車両用空気調和装置を備えた
ことを特徴とする鉄道車両。
Priority Applications (5)
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US15/028,566 US10543856B2 (en) | 2013-11-28 | 2014-11-10 | Vehicle air-conditioning apparatus and railroad vehicle including the same |
EP14865712.5A EP3075623B1 (en) | 2013-11-28 | 2014-11-10 | Vehicle air conditioning device and railway vehicle provided with same |
JP2015550632A JP6053958B2 (ja) | 2013-11-28 | 2014-11-10 | 車両用空気調和装置及びこれを備えた鉄道車両 |
CN201480059074.0A CN105705399B (zh) | 2013-11-28 | 2014-11-10 | 车用空调装置及包括该装置的铁道车辆 |
HK16111414.7A HK1223071A1 (zh) | 2013-11-28 | 2016-09-29 | 車用空調裝置及包括該裝置的鐵道車輛 |
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Cited By (3)
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EP3458292A4 (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2020-02-19 | Environmental Technologies Inc. Canadian | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR COOLING AND HEATING IN A VEHICLE |
CN113830115A (zh) * | 2020-09-18 | 2021-12-24 | 浙江盾安人工环境股份有限公司 | 变频地铁空调机组控制方法、装置和可读存储介质 |
WO2023105732A1 (ja) * | 2021-12-10 | 2023-06-15 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 軌条車両 |
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CN111829117B (zh) * | 2020-08-03 | 2024-07-09 | 克诺尔轨道车辆系统企业管理(北京)有限公司 | 基于储湿换热器的轨道交通车辆空调机组 |
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CN113830115B (zh) * | 2020-09-18 | 2023-08-29 | 浙江盾安人工环境股份有限公司 | 变频地铁空调机组控制方法、装置和可读存储介质 |
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JP7364806B1 (ja) * | 2021-12-10 | 2023-10-18 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 軌条車両 |
Also Published As
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EP3075623B1 (en) | 2020-03-11 |
JPWO2015079895A1 (ja) | 2017-03-16 |
CN105705399A (zh) | 2016-06-22 |
EP3075623A4 (en) | 2017-08-02 |
US20160297453A1 (en) | 2016-10-13 |
US10543856B2 (en) | 2020-01-28 |
JP6053958B2 (ja) | 2016-12-27 |
CN105705399B (zh) | 2017-08-18 |
EP3075623A1 (en) | 2016-10-05 |
HK1223071A1 (zh) | 2017-07-21 |
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