WO2015068517A1 - 比較回路 - Google Patents
比較回路 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015068517A1 WO2015068517A1 PCT/JP2014/076908 JP2014076908W WO2015068517A1 WO 2015068517 A1 WO2015068517 A1 WO 2015068517A1 JP 2014076908 W JP2014076908 W JP 2014076908W WO 2015068517 A1 WO2015068517 A1 WO 2015068517A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K5/00—Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
- H03K5/125—Discriminating pulses
- H03K5/1252—Suppression or limitation of noise or interference
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/45—Differential amplifiers
- H03F3/45071—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
- H03F3/45479—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only characterised by the way of common mode signal rejection
- H03F3/45928—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only characterised by the way of common mode signal rejection using IC blocks as the active amplifying circuit
- H03F3/45932—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only characterised by the way of common mode signal rejection using IC blocks as the active amplifying circuit by using feedback means
- H03F3/45937—Measuring at the loading circuit of the differential amplifier
- H03F3/45941—Controlling the input circuit of the differential amplifier
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/70—Charge amplifiers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K5/00—Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
- H03K5/003—Changing the DC level
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K5/00—Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
- H03K5/22—Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral
- H03K5/24—Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral the characteristic being amplitude
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K5/00—Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
- H03K5/22—Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral
- H03K5/24—Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral the characteristic being amplitude
- H03K5/2472—Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral the characteristic being amplitude using field effect transistors
- H03K5/2481—Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral the characteristic being amplitude using field effect transistors with at least one differential stage
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a comparison circuit that compares the magnitudes of voltages, and more particularly, to a circuit that suppresses the influence of circuit element leakage current and noise at high temperatures and performs high-precision voltage comparison.
- a comparison circuit is used as a circuit that compares a plurality of voltages and determines the magnitude thereof (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- FIG. 9 shows a circuit diagram of an example of a conventional comparison circuit.
- a conventional comparison circuit uses a comparator (comparator) to determine whether a difference voltage between two input voltages is larger or smaller than a predetermined voltage.
- the offset voltage input offset voltage
- noise of the comparator cause an error and the accuracy is lowered.
- the input offset voltage is generated due to variation in characteristics of elements constituting the input circuit of the comparator.
- the noise is generated by flicker noise of a single transistor constituting the circuit or thermal noise of a single transistor or a resistance element.
- the comparison circuit shown in FIG. 9 has the following configuration.
- a switch S4 connected between the non-inverting input terminal N4 and the comparison voltage input terminal Nref of the comparator 5;
- a switch S1 connected between the non-inverting input terminal N4 of the comparator 5 and the connection point N41;
- the capacitor 4 is connected between the input terminal N2 and the connection point N41, and the switch S2 is connected between the connection point N41 and the comparison voltage input terminal N0.
- the voltage of the comparison voltage input terminal N0 is V0
- the voltage of the comparison voltage input terminal Nref is Vref
- the voltage of the input terminal N1 is V1
- the voltage of the input terminal N2 is V2
- the voltage of the inverting input terminal N3 of the comparator 5 is V3
- the voltage at the non-inverting input terminal N4 of the comparator 5 is V4
- the voltage at the output terminal of the comparator 5 is Vo.
- the input offset voltage of the comparator 5 is assumed to be Voa.
- One cycle of the operation includes a sample phase ⁇ 1 and a comparison phase ⁇ 2.
- the switch S1 is turned off and the switches S2 to S4 are turned on.
- the comparison phase ⁇ 2 the switch S1 is turned on and the switches S2 to S4 are turned off.
- ⁇ 1 or ⁇ 2 attached to the end of the voltage at each connection point or terminal represents the voltage in the sample phase ⁇ 1 or the comparison phase ⁇ 2, respectively.
- the charges accumulated in the capacitor 3 and the capacitor 4 in the sample phase ⁇ 1 are summarized as follows.
- ⁇ VC3 ⁇ 1 Vref + Voa ⁇ V1 ⁇ 1 (43)
- ⁇ VC4 ⁇ 1 V0 ⁇ V2 ⁇ 1 (44)
- the switches S2 to S4 are turned off and the switch S1 is turned on. Since the capacitor 3 holds ⁇ VC3 ⁇ 1 expressed by the equation (43), the voltage V3 is as follows.
- V3 ⁇ 2 V1 ⁇ 2 + ⁇ VC3 ⁇ 1 (45)
- the voltage V4 is as follows.
- V4 ⁇ 2 V2 ⁇ 2 + ⁇ VC4 ⁇ 1 (46)
- the voltage V3 expressed by the equation (45) and the voltage V4 expressed by the equation (46) are compared in the comparator 5, and a high level or a low level is output from the output terminal.
- the voltage compared by the comparator 5 is as follows.
- the leakage current of a transistor constituting a switch increases as the temperature increases, so that the error becomes more significant as the temperature increases.
- the transistor is a MOS transistor
- the leakage current between the channels depends on the voltage difference between the drain and the source. Therefore, the leakage current of the switch flows due to the voltage on the side not connected to the capacitor in the off switch. The direction and size were different, and an error occurred in the comparison result.
- connection of the switch to each capacitor also affects the influence of noise components (for example, channel charge injection and clock feedthrough) generated when the transistor elements constituting the switch transition from on to off.
- noise components for example, channel charge injection and clock feedthrough
- the present invention has been made in view of these points, and removes the influence of the input offset voltage of the comparator with a simple circuit configuration, suppresses the influence of errors due to the off-leak current of the switch and noise components, and achieves high accuracy.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a comparison circuit that can obtain a result of comparison and determination.
- the comparison circuit of the present invention has the following configuration.
- a comparator having a first input terminal to which a first input voltage is input via a first capacitor, a second input terminal to which a second input voltage is input via a second capacitor, and an output terminal; One end is connected to the first input terminal and turned on in the sample phase to turn the voltage of the first input terminal to the output terminal voltage, and one end is connected to the second input terminal and turned on in the sample phase
- a comparison circuit comprising: a second switch that sets the voltage at the second input terminal as a reference voltage; and a third switch that is turned on in the comparison phase and equalizes the voltages at the other end of the first switch and the other end of the second switch.
- the comparison circuit of the present invention by effectively utilizing the switch, the capacitor, and the comparator, an error caused by the offset component, the off-leak current component of the switch, and the noise component of the switch can be simplified. This makes it possible to perform a highly accurate comparison over a wide temperature range.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a comparison circuit according to the first embodiment.
- the comparison circuit of the first embodiment includes a comparator 11, capacitors C1 and C2, and switches S11, S12, S13, and S21.
- the comparator 11 has four input terminals and one output terminal. Specifically, the first input terminal N3 of the first differential input pair, the second input terminal N4 of the first differential input pair, The first input terminal N5 of the second differential input pair, the second input terminal N6 of the second differential input pair, and the output terminal OUT are included.
- the capacitor C1 has two terminals, one terminal is connected to the first input terminal N3 of the first differential input pair of the comparator 11, and the other terminal is connected to the input terminal N1.
- the capacitor C2 has two terminals, one terminal is connected to the second input terminal N4 of the first differential input pair of the comparator 11, and the other terminal is connected to the input terminal N2.
- the switch S11 has two terminals, one terminal is connected to the first input terminal N3 of the first differential input pair of the comparator 11, and the other terminal is connected to the output terminal OUT of the comparator 11. .
- the switch S12 has two terminals, and one terminal is connected to the second input terminal N4 of the first differential input pair of the comparator 11.
- the switch S13 has two terminals, and one terminal is connected to the reference voltage input terminal Nref0.
- the switch S21 has two terminals, and one terminal is connected to the output terminal OUT of the comparator 11.
- the other terminals of the switches S12, S13, S21 are connected in common.
- the switches S11, S12, S13, and S21 are controlled to be turned on or off by a switch control signal (not shown in the circuit diagram).
- the first reference voltage input terminal Nref1 is connected to the first input terminal N5 of the second differential input pair of the comparator 11, and the second reference terminal is connected to the second input terminal N6 of the second differential input pair of the comparator 11.
- the voltage input terminal Nref2 is connected.
- the comparator 11 has a function of outputting the sum of a value obtained by amplifying the difference between a pair of input voltages and a value obtained by amplifying the difference between the other pair of input voltages.
- a diagram conceptually showing this amplification function is shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram showing the function of the comparator 11.
- the comparator 11 shown in FIG. 3 includes differential amplifiers 111 and 112 and an adder 113 and is configured as follows.
- the first input terminal N3 of the first differential input pair of the comparator 11 is connected to the inverting input terminal of the differential amplifier 111, and the second input terminal N4 of the first differential input pair is the non-inverting input of the differential amplifier 111.
- the first input terminal N5 of the second differential input pair is connected to the inverting input terminal of the differential amplifier 112, and the second input terminal N6 of the second differential input pair is the non-inverting terminal of the differential amplifier 112.
- the output of the differential amplifier 111 and the output of the differential amplifier 112 are respectively connected to the input of the adder 113, and the output of the adder 113 is connected to the output terminal OUT of the comparator 11.
- the comparator 11 is connected as described above, and operates as follows.
- the differential amplifier 111 amplifies the difference between the voltages at the two input terminals N3 and N4 and inputs the difference to the adder 113
- the differential amplifier 112 amplifies the difference between the voltages at the two input terminals N5 and N6 and adds to the adder 113.
- the adder 113 outputs the sum of the outputs of the differential amplifier 111 and the differential amplifier 112.
- A1 and A2 are amplification factors of the differential amplifiers 111 and 112, respectively.
- the voltages at the terminals N3 to N6 and OUT are set to V3 to V6 and Vo, respectively.
- Vo V4 + (A2 / A1) ⁇ (V6-V5) (3) That is, in the state in which the switch S11 is on, the output terminal OUT of the comparator 11 and the first input terminal N3 of the first differential input pair, that is, the inverting input terminal of the differential amplifier 111 are electrically connected. A feedback loop is formed, and the output voltage Vo not only follows the input voltage V4, but also outputs a sum of voltages obtained by amplifying the difference between the voltages of the inputs V6 and V5 by the ratio of the amplification factors A2 and A1. Acts like a voltage follower.
- a high level signal generally a positive power supply voltage level
- a low level signal generally a negative power supply voltage level or a GND level
- the comparison takes account of the input offset voltage.
- the expressions representing the operation of the device 11 are as follows from the expressions (3) and (4), respectively, when the switch S11 is on and when it is off.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the operation of each switch.
- One cycle of the comparison operation consists of two phases, a sample phase ⁇ 1 and a comparison phase ⁇ 2.
- the switches S11, S12, S13, and S21 are controlled by the switch control signal in FIG.
- the switches S11, S12, and S13 are turned on in the sample phase ⁇ 1 and turned off in the comparison phase ⁇ 2.
- the switch S21 is turned off in the sample phase ⁇ 1 and turned on in the comparison phase ⁇ 2.
- the sample phase ⁇ 1 includes the voltage V1 at the input terminal N1, the voltage V2 at the input terminal N2, the voltage Vref1 at the first reference voltage input terminal Nref1, the voltage Vref2 at the second reference voltage input terminal Nref2, and the offset voltage of the comparator 11. This is a phase for storing in the capacitors C1 and C2.
- the comparison phase ⁇ 2 cancels the offset component of the comparator 11 in the sample phase ⁇ 1, while the voltage difference between the input terminal N1 and the input terminal N2 and the voltage difference between the first reference voltage Vref1 and the second reference voltage Vref2 This is a phase in which comparisons are made.
- the sample phase ⁇ 1 and the comparison phase ⁇ 2 will be described in detail.
- the switches S11, S12, S13 are on and the switch S21 is off. Accordingly, the following voltage is supplied to each input terminal of the comparator 11.
- the voltage Vo of the output terminal OUT is supplied to the first input terminal N3 of the first differential input pair of the comparator 11
- the reference voltage Vref0 is supplied to the second input terminal N4 of the first differential input pair
- a first reference voltage Vref1 is applied to the first input terminal N5 of the two differential input pairs
- a second reference voltage Vref2 is applied to the second input terminal N6 of the second differential input pair.
- V3 ⁇ 1 Vref0 ⁇ 1 + Voa1 ⁇ 1 + (A2 / A1) ⁇ (Vref2 ⁇ 1 + Voa2 ⁇ 1-Vref1 ⁇ 1) (7) ⁇ 1 at the end of each voltage indicates a voltage in the sample phase ⁇ 1.
- other voltages and the comparison phase ⁇ 2 are similarly expressed.
- ⁇ VC1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ V1 ⁇ 1 + Vref0 ⁇ 1 + Voa1 ⁇ 1 + (A2 / A1) ⁇ (Vref2 ⁇ 1 + Voa2 ⁇ 1-Vref1 ⁇ 1) (9)
- the capacitor C2 is charged with the difference ⁇ VC2 ⁇ 1 between the voltage V4 and the voltage V2.
- ⁇ VC2 ⁇ 1 V4 ⁇ 1-V2 ⁇ 1 (10) Since the reference voltage Vref0 is given to the second input terminal N4 of the first differential input pair, the following expression is obtained from Expression (10).
- ⁇ VC2 ⁇ 1 Vref0 ⁇ 1-V2 ⁇ 1 (11)
- the switches S11, S12, S13 are off and the switch S21 is on. Since the switch S11 is turned off and ⁇ VC1 ⁇ 1 is charged in the capacitor C1, the voltage V3 is determined by the voltages V1 and ⁇ VC1 ⁇ 1, and is expressed by the following equation.
- V3 ⁇ 2 V1 ⁇ 2 + ⁇ VC1 ⁇ 1 (12)
- equation (9) representing ⁇ VC1 ⁇ 1 charged in the capacitor C1 into the above equation the following is obtained.
- V4 ⁇ 2 V2 ⁇ 2-V2 ⁇ 1 + Vref0 ⁇ 1 (15) Further, when the switch S11 is off, the comparator 11 operates as shown in the equation (6), and therefore the voltage Vo at the output terminal OUT of the comparator 11 is expressed as follows.
- Vo ⁇ 2 A1 ⁇ ⁇ (V4 ⁇ 2 + Voa1 ⁇ 2-V3 ⁇ 2) + (A2 / A1) ⁇ (Vref2 ⁇ 2 + Voa2 ⁇ 2-Vref1 ⁇ 2) ⁇ (16) Substituting V3 ⁇ 2 represented by equation (13) and V4 ⁇ 2 represented by equation (15) into the above equation, the following equation is obtained.
- Vo ⁇ 2 A1 ⁇ [ ⁇ (V2 ⁇ 2-V1 ⁇ 2) ⁇ (V2 ⁇ 1-V1 ⁇ 1) + (Voa1 ⁇ 2-Voa1 ⁇ 1) ⁇ ⁇ (A2 / A1) ⁇ ⁇ (Vref2 ⁇ 1-Vref1 ⁇ 1) ⁇ (Vref2 ⁇ 2-Vref1 ⁇ 2) ⁇ (Voa2 ⁇ 2-o) ⁇ ] ... (17)
- the voltage component supplied from the input terminal N1 and the input terminal N2 is set as ⁇ Vin
- equation (17) can be expressed as follows.
- the input offset voltages Voa1 and Voa2 of the comparator 11 show a change with time and a change in temperature (temperature drift), and thus are not constant values, but the time of the sample phase ⁇ 1 and the comparison phase ⁇ 2 If the time is sufficiently short with respect to the time-dependent change of the offset voltage and the temperature change, the value of the input offset voltage can be regarded as being substantially equal in the sample phase ⁇ 1 and the comparison phase ⁇ 2. Therefore, in Expression (18), Voa1 ⁇ 2-Voa1 ⁇ 1 and Voa2 ⁇ 2-Voa2 ⁇ 1 are substantially zero, and the offset component of the comparator 11 is removed during the comparison operation in the comparator 11 in the comparison phase ⁇ 2. Therefore, Formula (18) can be expressed as follows.
- Vo ⁇ 2 A1 ⁇ ⁇ Vin ⁇ (A2 / A1) ⁇ ⁇ Vref ⁇ (21) Therefore, the result of comparing the voltage component ⁇ Vin supplied from the input terminal N1 and the input terminal N2 with the voltage component ⁇ Vref supplied from the first reference voltage input terminal Nref1 and the second reference voltage input terminal Nref2 is a sufficiently large amplification.
- the signal is amplified at a rate A1, and finally output as a high level signal or a low level signal from the output terminal OUT of the comparator 11.
- Vref1′ ⁇ Vref2 ′ a comparison result between the input voltage component 2 ⁇ (V2′ ⁇ V1 ′) and the reference voltage component (Vref1′ ⁇ Vref2 ′) is obtained.
- this equation does not include the term Vref0.
- Vref0 ⁇ 1 is included in both the voltage ⁇ VC1 ⁇ 1 charged in the capacitor C1 and the voltage ⁇ VC2 ⁇ 1 charged in the capacitor C2, and the term of Vref0 is canceled in the process of deriving Vo ⁇ 2. .
- the comparison result does not depend on the voltage of Vref0 regardless of the value of the voltage applied to the reference voltage input terminal Nref0.
- the range of voltages that can be input to the comparator 11 is limited to the common-mode input voltage range. If the voltage range deviates, there is a possibility that high-precision comparison cannot be performed normally. .
- the comparison circuit magnetic sensor device of the present embodiment uses the voltage at the reference voltage input terminal Nref0. Is selected so as to be within the common-mode input voltage range of the comparator 11, there is an advantage that high-precision comparison is possible. In other words, it can be said that the common-mode input voltage range required for the comparator 11 can be remarkably relaxed.
- the switch S13 remains on in the comparison phase ⁇ 2 as in the sample phase ⁇ 1 and the switch S21 remains off in the comparison phase ⁇ 2 as in the sample phase ⁇ 1, in other words, the switches S13 and S21 do not exist,
- the other terminal of the switch S12 is directly connected to the reference voltage input terminal Nref0.
- the other voltage of the switch S11 becomes equal to the voltage Vo of the output terminal OUT of the comparator 11, and a high level signal (generally a positive power supply voltage level) or a low level is selected according to the comparison result. It becomes a voltage of a signal (generally a negative power supply voltage level or a GND level).
- the other voltage of the switch S12 is equal to the voltage of the reference voltage input terminal Nref0.
- the voltage of the reference voltage input terminal Nref0 is preferably selected so as to be within the common-mode input voltage range of the comparator 11.
- the positive power supply voltage level and the negative power supply voltage level (or GND) Level) for example, an intermediate voltage. Therefore, in the comparison phase ⁇ 2, the voltage at the other terminal of the switch S11 and the voltage at the other terminal of the switch S21 are very different.
- the voltages at one terminal of the switches S11 and S12 are voltages expressed by the equations (13) and (15), respectively, and are not necessarily equal voltages, but both are sample phases ⁇ 1 of the reference voltage input terminal Nref0.
- the voltage in the vicinity of the boundary condition where the comparison judgment result of the comparator 11 switches, the voltage is substantially close (at least one is a positive or negative power supply voltage and the other is positive and negative). The voltage difference is not so high that it becomes an intermediate voltage of the power supply voltage). From the above, the voltage difference between both terminals of the switch S11 in the off state and the voltage difference between both terminals of the switch S12 are greatly different.
- the ideal characteristic of an off-state switch is that no current flows between the terminals regardless of the voltage difference between the two terminals, but in an actual circuit, leakage current flows between the switch terminals. In addition, the leakage current changes due to the voltage difference between both terminals. For this reason, there are many configurations of switch circuits that reduce the leakage current, but the leakage current does not become zero but takes a finite value.
- the voltage at one terminal is a voltage based on Vref0 ⁇ 1 expressed by Expression (15), and the voltage at the other terminal is a voltage of Vref0 ⁇ 1, so that a leakage current flows, but is relatively small. Leakage current.
- the voltage at one terminal is a voltage based on Vref0 ⁇ 1 expressed by the equation (13), the voltage at the other terminal is equal to the voltage Vo at the output terminal OUT of the comparator 11, and the high level signal Since it is a voltage of (generally a positive power supply voltage level) or low level signal (generally a negative power supply voltage level or GND level), a leakage current larger than the leakage current of the switch S12 flows. Accordingly, the leak currents flowing into the capacitors C1 and C2 are different, and the amount of fluctuation in the voltage at the first input terminal N3 of the first differential input pair and the amount of fluctuation in the voltage at the second input terminal N4 of the first differential input pair. Are different, resulting in an error in the comparison result. In general, since the leakage current tends to increase as the temperature increases, the error of the comparison circuit increases as the temperature increases.
- the switch S13 in the comparison phase ⁇ 2, the switch S13 is turned off and the switch S21 is turned on, whereby the voltage at the other terminal of the switch S12 is changed to the output terminal OUT of the comparator 11. Therefore, the voltage difference between the two terminals of the switch S11 and the voltage difference between the two terminals of the switch S12 is improved so that the difference in leakage current is reduced. And the difference between the leakage currents flowing into the capacitors C1 and C2 is improved, and as a result, errors occurring in the comparison result can be reduced. Therefore, the switches S13 and S21 can suppress the influence of an error caused by the leakage current of the switch and obtain a highly accurate comparison determination result.
- non-ideal components of the switch include noise components generated when the transistor elements constituting the switch transition from on to off, such as channel charge injection and clock feedthrough.
- FIG. 4 is an example of a circuit configuration of the comparator 11.
- the comparator 11 includes a constant current circuit I1, NMOS transistors M13, M14A, M14B, M15A, M16A, M15B, and M16B, and PMOS transistors M11 and M12, which are connected as follows.
- One of the constant current circuits I1 is connected to the power supply voltage terminal VDD, and the other is connected to the drain and gate of the NMOS transistor M13. Let this connection point be Nb.
- Nb is connected to the gate of the NMOS transistor M14A and the gate of the NMOS transistor M14B.
- the sources of the NMOS transistors M13, M14A, and M14B are connected to the ground terminal VSS.
- the sources of NMOS transistors M15A and M16A are connected to the drain of M14A, and the sources of NMOS transistors M15B and M16B are connected to the drain of M14B.
- the drains of the NMOS transistors M15A and M15B are connected to the drain of the PMOS transistor M11. Let this connection point be Na.
- the drains of the NMOS transistors M16A and M16B are connected to the drain of the PMOS transistor M12. This connection point is connected to the output terminal OUT of the comparator 11.
- the gates of the PMOS transistors M11 and M12 are connected to the connection point Na, and the sources are connected to the power supply voltage terminal VDD.
- the gates of the NMOS transistors M15A and M16A are respectively connected to the second input terminal N4 and the first input terminal N3 of the first differential input pair, and the gates of the NMOS transistors M15B and M16B are respectively the second differential input pair of the second differential input pair.
- the second input terminal N6 and the first input terminal N5 are connected.
- the comparator 11 is connected as described above, and operates as follows.
- the constant current circuit I1 generates a constant current and supplies it to the NMOS transistor M13.
- the NMOS transistors M13, M14A and M14B constitute a current mirror circuit, and a current based on the current flowing between the drain and source of M13 flows between the drain and source of the NMOS transistors M14A and M14B.
- the five transistors including the NMOS transistors M14A, M15A, M16A, and the PMOS transistors M11, M12 constitute a differential amplifier, that is, the difference between the gate voltages of the NMOS transistors M15A, M16A constituting the first differential input pair, that is, The voltage difference between the second input terminal N4 of the first differential input pair and the first input terminal N3 of the first differential input pair is amplified and output to the output terminal OUT.
- This amplification factor is assumed to be A1.
- the operations of the current mirror circuit configuration and the differential amplifier configuration are described in detail in the literature of CMOS analog circuits and the like, and detailed description thereof is omitted here.
- NMOS transistors M14B, M15B, M16B, and PMOS transistors M11, M12 also form a differential amplifier, and a difference in gate voltage between the NMOS transistors M15B, M16B constituting the second differential input pair. That is, the voltage difference between the second input terminal N6 of the second differential input pair and the first input terminal N5 of the second differential input pair is amplified and output to the output terminal OUT.
- This amplification factor is A2.
- the drain of the NMOS transistor M15A constituting the first differential input pair and the drain of the NMOS transistor M15B constituting the second differential input pair are connected to the drain of the PMOS transistor M11 at the connection point Na, and The drain of the NMOS transistor M16A constituting the input pair and the drain of the NMOS transistor M16B constituting the second differential input pair are connected to the drain of the PMOS transistor M12 at the output terminal OUT.
- the terminal OUT operates so that voltages amplified by the differential input pairs of the first differential input pair and the second differential input pair are added.
- the operation of the comparison circuit of the first embodiment is described, and the influence of the input offset voltage of the comparator is eliminated with a simple circuit configuration, and the influence of the error due to the off-leakage current of the switch and the noise component is suppressed. It was shown that it is possible to obtain accurate comparison judgment results.
- switching noise generated when the switch S12 is turned off propagates from the second input terminal N4 of the first differential input pair to the first input terminal N3 of the first differential input pair, and the capacitance C1. May cause a non-negligible error in the charging voltage.
- an example of an input voltage applied to the input terminal N1 and the input terminal N2 and an example of a voltage applied to the first reference voltage input terminal Nref1 and the second reference voltage input terminal Nref2 are given. It is not necessarily limited to this example.
- examples of input voltage components are as follows: become.
- V1 ⁇ 1 Vcm ⁇ 1 + Vsig ⁇ 1 + Voff ⁇ 1
- V2 ⁇ 1 Vcm ⁇ 1-Vsig ⁇ 1-Voff ⁇ 1
- V1 ⁇ 2 Vcm ⁇ 2-Vsig ⁇ 2 + Voff ⁇ 2
- V2 ⁇ 2 Vcm ⁇ 2 + Vsig ⁇ 2-Voff ⁇ 2
- the offset voltage component of the sensor element is canceled because it shows approximately the same value in the sample phase ⁇ 1 and the comparison phase ⁇ 2. Therefore, only the signal voltage component of the sensor element is input to the comparator 11 as the input voltage component. Even in the case of such an input voltage component, the influence of the input offset voltage of the comparator, which is the gist of the present invention, is removed, and the influence of errors due to the off-leak current of the switch and the noise component is suppressed, so that high-precision comparison determination It does not depart from the point of obtaining results.
- FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of the comparison circuit of the second embodiment.
- the difference from the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is that the switches S13 and S21 are deleted and the switches S14 and S22 are added.
- the added elements are configured and connected as follows. Further, the next connection differs from that of the first embodiment depending on the deleted element.
- the other terminal of the switch S12 is connected to the reference voltage input terminal Nref0.
- the switch S14 has two terminals, one terminal is connected to the output terminal OUT of the comparator 11, and the other terminal is connected to the other terminal of the switch S11.
- the switch S22 has two terminals, one terminal is connected to the other terminal of the switch S11, and the other terminal is connected to the other terminal of the switch S12. Other connections and configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- the switches S14 and S22 are controlled to be turned on or off by a switch control signal (not shown in the circuit diagram) similarly to the switches S11 and S12.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the operation of each switch in the comparison circuit of the second embodiment.
- the switches S11, S12, and S14 are controlled to be turned on in the sample phase ⁇ 1 and turned off in the comparison phase ⁇ 2.
- the switch S22 is controlled to be turned off in the sample phase ⁇ 1 and turned on in the comparison phase ⁇ 2.
- the switches S11, S12, S14 are on and the switch S22 is off. Accordingly, the following voltage is supplied to each input terminal of the comparator 11.
- the voltage Vo of the output terminal OUT is applied to the first input terminal N3 of the first differential input pair of the comparator 11, and the voltage of the reference voltage input terminal Nref0 is applied to the second input terminal N4 of the first differential input pair.
- the voltage of the first reference voltage input terminal Nref1 is applied to the first input terminal N5 of the second differential input pair, and the second reference voltage input terminal is applied to the second input terminal N6 of the second differential input pair.
- a voltage of Nref2 is given. That is, since it is the same as the comparison circuit of the first embodiment, the operation is the same as that of the comparison circuit of the first embodiment.
- the switches S11, S12, S14 are off, and the switch S22 is on. Since the switches S11 and S12 are off, the voltage V3 is determined by the voltage V1 and ⁇ VC1 ⁇ 1, and the voltage V4 is determined by the voltages V2 and ⁇ VC2 ⁇ 1. That is, since it is the same as the comparison circuit of the first embodiment, the operation is the same as that of the comparison circuit of the first embodiment.
- the comparison phase ⁇ 2 since the switch S14 is turned off and the switch S22 is turned on, the voltage at the other terminal of the switches S11 and S12 becomes equal to the voltage at the reference voltage input terminal Nref0.
- the voltage at the other terminal of the switches S11 and S12 is equal to the voltage Vo at the output terminal OUT of the comparator 11, and this point is different from the first embodiment.
- the voltage at one terminal of the switch S12 becomes a voltage based on Vref0 ⁇ 1 expressed by the equation (15).
- the leakage current flows, but the leakage current is relatively small.
- the voltage at one terminal is a voltage based on Vref0 ⁇ 1 represented by the equation (13), and the voltage at the other terminal is the voltage of Vref0 ⁇ 1, so that a leakage current flows as in the switch S12.
- the leakage current is relatively small. Therefore, the difference between the voltage difference between the two terminals of the switch S11 and the voltage difference between the two terminals of the switch S12 is improved, and as a result, as in the case of the comparison circuit of the first embodiment. It is possible to reduce an error occurring in the comparison determination result. Therefore, by using the switches S14 and S22, it is possible to suppress the influence of the error caused by the switch leakage current and obtain a highly accurate comparison determination result.
- non-ideal components of the switch include noise components generated when the transistor elements constituting the switch transition from on to off, such as channel charge injection and clock feedthrough.
- the operation of the comparison circuit of the second embodiment is described, and the influence of the input offset voltage of the comparator is removed with a simple circuit configuration as in the case of the first embodiment, and the off-leak current and noise of the switch are removed. It was shown that it is possible to suppress the influence of the error due to the components and obtain a highly accurate comparison judgment result.
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of the comparison circuit of the third embodiment.
- the difference from the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is that the comparator 11 is replaced with a comparator 12, and the first reference voltage input terminal Nref1 connected to the input of the comparator 11 and the second reference voltage input. The point is that the terminal Nref2 is deleted.
- the replaced element is configured and connected as follows.
- the comparator 12 has two input terminals and one output terminal. Specifically, the first input terminal N3 of the differential input pair, the second input terminal N4 of the differential input pair, and the output terminal OUT are connected to each other. Have. The first input terminal N3 of the differential input pair of the comparator 12 is connected to one terminal of the capacitor C1, the second input terminal N4 of the differential input pair is connected to one terminal of the capacitor C2, and the output terminal OUT is Connected to the other terminal of the switch S11. Other connections and configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- the switches S11, S12, S13, and S21 are controlled to be turned on or off by a switch control signal (not shown in the circuit diagram) as in the comparison circuit of the first embodiment.
- A3 is the amplification factor of the comparator 12.
- Vo V4 (27) That is, when the switch S11 is on, the output terminal OUT of the comparator 12 and the first input terminal N3 of the differential input pair are electrically connected to form a feedback loop, and the output voltage Vo is input. A voltage follower operation is performed following the voltage V4.
- the comparator 11 since the feedback loop is not formed in the comparator 12 when the switch S11 is OFF, the comparator 11 operates as the comparator (comparator) itself.
- a comparison operation for outputting a power supply voltage level) or a low level signal (generally a negative power supply voltage level or a GND level) is performed.
- the operation of the switch is also controlled in the same manner as in the first embodiment, and is operated according to the diagram showing the operation of each switch in FIG.
- the outline of the operation of the comparison circuit of FIG. 7 in each phase will be described.
- the sample phase ⁇ 1 the terminal voltages of the input terminal N1 and the input terminal N2 and the offset voltage of the comparator 12 are stored in the capacitors C1 and C2.
- the comparison phase ⁇ 2 is a phase in which the voltage difference between the input terminal N1 and the input terminal N2 is compared while canceling out the offset component of the comparator 12 in the sample phase ⁇ 1. Details will be described below.
- the switches S11, S12, S13 are on and the switch S21 is off. Accordingly, the voltage Vo of the output terminal OUT is given to the first input terminal N3 of the differential input pair of the comparator 12, and the voltage of the reference voltage input terminal Nref0 is given to the second input terminal N4 of the differential input pair. .
- the comparator 12 operates as shown in the equation (29), and therefore the voltage at the first input terminal N3 of the differential input pair is expressed as follows.
- V3 ⁇ 1 Vref0 ⁇ 1 + Voa3 ⁇ 1 (31)
- the capacitor C1 is charged with the difference ⁇ VC1 ⁇ 1 between the voltage V3 and the voltage V1.
- ⁇ VC1 ⁇ 1 V3 ⁇ 1-V1 ⁇ 1 (32)
- ⁇ VC1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ V1 ⁇ 1 + Vref0 ⁇ 1 + Voa3 ⁇ 1 (33)
- ⁇ VC2 ⁇ 1 V4 ⁇ 1-V2 ⁇ 1 (34) Since the voltage of the reference voltage input terminal Nref0 is given to the second input terminal N4 of the differential input pair, the following expression is obtained from Expression (34).
- ⁇ VC2 ⁇ 1 Vref0 ⁇ 1-V2 ⁇ 1 (35)
- the switches S11, S12, S13 are off and the switch S21 is on. Since the switch S11 is turned off and ⁇ VC1 ⁇ 1 is charged in the capacitor C1, the voltage V3 is determined by the voltages V1 and ⁇ VC1 ⁇ 1, and is expressed by the following equation.
- V3 ⁇ 2 V1 ⁇ 2 + ⁇ VC1 ⁇ 1 (36)
- equation (33) representing ⁇ VC1 ⁇ 1 charged in the capacitor C1 into the above equation the following is obtained.
- V3 ⁇ 2 V1 ⁇ 2-V1 ⁇ 1 + Vref0 ⁇ 1 + Voa3 ⁇ 1 (37)
- the voltage V4 is determined by the voltage V2 and ⁇ VC2 ⁇ 1, and is expressed by the following equation.
- V4 ⁇ 2 V2 ⁇ 2 + ⁇ VC2 ⁇ 1 (38)
- equation (35) representing ⁇ VC2 ⁇ 1 charged in the capacitor C2 the following is obtained.
- V4 ⁇ 2 V2 ⁇ 2 + Vref0 ⁇ 1-V2 ⁇ 1 (39)
- the comparator 12 operates as shown in the equation (30), so the voltage Vo at the output terminal OUT of the comparator 12 is expressed as follows.
- Vo ⁇ 2 A3 ⁇ ⁇ (V4 ⁇ 2 + Voa3 ⁇ 2-V3 ⁇ 2) ⁇ (40) Substituting V3 ⁇ 2 represented by equation (37) and V4 ⁇ 2 represented by equation (39) into the above equation, the following equation is obtained.
- Vo ⁇ 2 A3 ⁇ ⁇ (V2 ⁇ 2-V2 ⁇ 1) ⁇ (V1 ⁇ 2-V1 ⁇ 1) + (Voa3 ⁇ 2-Voa3 ⁇ 1) ⁇ (41)
- the input offset voltage Voa3 of the comparator 12 is such that the time of the sample phase ⁇ 1 and the comparison phase ⁇ 2 is sufficiently short with respect to the time-dependent change and temperature change of the input offset voltage. If there is, it can be considered that the sample phase ⁇ 1 and the comparison phase ⁇ 2 have substantially the same value. Therefore, in the equation (41), Voa3 ⁇ 2-Voa3 ⁇ 1 becomes a value of almost zero, and the offset component of the comparator 12 is removed during the comparison operation in the comparator 12 in the comparison phase ⁇ 2. Therefore, Formula (41) can be expressed as follows.
- Vo ⁇ 2 A3 ⁇ ⁇ (V2 ⁇ 2-V2 ⁇ 1) ⁇ (V1 ⁇ 2-V1 ⁇ 1) ⁇ (42) Therefore, the result of comparing the voltage input to the input terminal N1 and the voltage input to the input terminal N2 is amplified with a sufficiently large amplification factor A3, and finally becomes a high level from the output terminal OUT of the comparator 12. It is output as a signal or a low level signal.
- Equation (42) does not include the term Vref0.
- the switches S13 and S21 turn off the switch S13 and turn on the switch S21, so that the voltage at the other terminal of the switches S11 and S12 is changed to the voltage Vo at the output terminal OUT of the comparator 11. Operates to be equal. Therefore, as in the first embodiment, the switches S13 and S21 can suppress the influence of an error caused by the leakage current of the switch and obtain a highly accurate comparison determination result.
- a highly accurate comparison and determination is performed by suppressing the influence of an error caused by a noise component generated when the switch transitions from an on state to an off state. The result can be obtained.
- the operation of the comparison circuit of the third embodiment is described, and the influence of the input offset voltage of the comparator is removed with a simple circuit configuration, and the influence of the error due to the off-leakage current and noise component of the switch is suppressed. It was shown that it is possible to obtain accurate comparison judgment results.
- FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of the comparison circuit of the fourth embodiment.
- the difference from the third embodiment shown in FIG. 7 is that the switches S13 and S21 are deleted and the switches S14 and S22 are added.
- the added elements are configured and connected as follows. Further, the next connection differs from that of the third embodiment depending on the deleted element.
- the other terminal of the switch S12 is connected to the reference voltage input terminal Nref0.
- the switch S14 has two terminals, one terminal is connected to the output terminal OUT of the comparator 12, and the other terminal is connected to the other terminal of the switch S11.
- the switch S22 has two terminals, one terminal is connected to the other terminal of the switch S11, and the other terminal is connected to the other terminal of the switch S12. Other connections and configurations are the same as those of the third embodiment.
- the difference between this embodiment and the second embodiment shown in FIG. 5 is similar to the difference between the third embodiment shown in FIG. 7 and the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- the comparator 11 is replaced with the comparator 12, and the first reference voltage input terminal Nref1 and the second reference voltage input terminal Nref2 connected to the input of the comparator 11 are deleted.
- the switches S14 and S22 are controlled to be turned on or off by a switch control signal (not shown in the circuit diagram) similarly to the switches S11 and S12.
- the operation of the switch is controlled in the same manner as in the second embodiment, and operates according to the diagram showing the operation of each switch in FIG.
- the switches S11, S12, S14 are on and the switch S22 is off. Therefore, the following voltage is supplied to each input terminal of the comparator 12.
- the voltage Vo of the output terminal OUT is given to the first input terminal N3 of the differential input pair of the comparator 12, and the voltage of the reference voltage input terminal Nref0 is given to the second input terminal N4 of the differential input pair. That is, since it is the same as the comparison circuit of the third embodiment, the operation is the same as that of the comparison circuit of the third embodiment.
- the switches S11, S12, S14 are off, and the switch S22 is on. Since the switches S11 and S12 are off, the voltage V3 is determined by the voltage V1 and ⁇ VC1 ⁇ 1, and the voltage V4 is determined by the voltages V2 and ⁇ VC2 ⁇ 1. That is, since it is the same as the comparison circuit of the third embodiment, the operation is the same as that of the comparison circuit of the third embodiment, the offset component of the comparator 12 is removed, and the common-mode input required for the comparator 12 is removed.
- the comparator circuit has an advantage that the voltage range can be remarkably relaxed, and can obtain a highly accurate comparison / determination result.
- the comparison circuit can suppress the influence of errors due to the leakage currents of the switches S11 and S12 and obtain a highly accurate comparison determination result.
- the operation of the comparison circuit of the fourth embodiment will be described, and the influence of the input offset voltage of the comparator is removed with a simple circuit configuration as in the case of the third embodiment, and the off-leak current and noise components of the switch are removed. It was shown that it is possible to suppress the influence of errors due to and to obtain highly accurate comparison and determination results.
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Abstract
Description
ΔVC4φ1=V0-V2φ1・・・(44)
比較フェーズφ2では、スイッチS2~S4がオフし、スイッチS1がオンする。容量3には式(43)で示すΔVC3φ1が保持されているので、電圧V3は次のようになる。
一方、容量4には式(44)で示すΔVC4φ1が保持されているので、電圧V4は次のようになる。
最終的に、式(45)で表される電圧V3と式(46)で表される電圧V4が比較器5において比較され、出力端子からハイレベルまたはローレベルが出力される。
比較器5の入力オフセット電圧Voaを考慮すると、比較器5で比較される電圧は次のようになる。
式(47)には、比較器5の入力オフセット電圧Voaが含まれておらず、オフセット電圧が相殺されていることが示されている。従って、比較フェーズφ2で比較器5において、入力電圧成分{(V2φ2-V1φ2)-(V2φ1-V1φ1)}と基準電圧成分(Vref-V0)が比較される。以上により、誤差要因となる比較器のオフセット電圧成分の影響が取り除かれ、誤差の少ない高精度な出力の比較回路を実現することができる。
<第1の実施形態>
図1は、第1の実施形態の比較回路の回路図である。第1の実施形態の比較回路は、比較器11と、容量C1、C2と、スイッチS11、S12、S13、S21を備える。
まず、比較器11の動作を説明する。比較器11は、一対の入力電圧の差を増幅した値と、もう一対の入力電圧の差を増幅した値と、の和を出力する機能を有する。この増幅機能を概念的に表した図を図3に示す。
図3の比較器11は、差動増幅器111、112と加算器113を有し、以下のように接続されて構成される。比較器11の第一差動入力対の第一入力端子N3が差動増幅器111の反転入力端子に接続され、第一差動入力対の第二入力端子N4が差動増幅器111の非反転入力端子に接続され、第二差動入力対の第一入力端子N5が差動増幅器112の反転入力端子に接続され、第二差動入力対の第二入力端子N6が差動増幅器112の非反転入力端子に接続される。差動増幅器111の出力と差動増幅器112の出力は加算器113の入力にそれぞれ接続され、加算器113の出力が比較器11の出力端子OUTに接続される。
差動増幅器111は2つの入力端子N3とN4の電圧の差を増幅して加算器113に入力し、差動増幅器112は2つの入力端子N5とN6の電圧の差を増幅して加算器113に入力する。加算器113は差動増幅器111と差動増幅器112の出力の和を出力する。この増幅機能を式で表すと、
Vo=A1×(V4-V3)+A2×(V6-V5)・・・(1)
となる。ここにA1およびA2はそれぞれ差動増幅器111および112の増幅率である。また、各端子N3~N6およびOUTの電圧をそれぞれV3~V6およびVoとした。
Vo=A1/(1+A1)×V4+A2/(1+A1)×(V6-V5)・・・(2)説明の便宜上、増幅率A1およびA2は十分に大きいとすると、次式を得る。
すなわちスイッチS11がオンしている状態では、比較器11の出力端子OUTと、第一差動入力対の第一入力端子N3すなわち差動増幅器111の反転入力端子が電気的に接続されており、フィードバックループが形成され、出力電圧Voは入力電圧V4に追従するだけでなく、入力V6とV5の電圧の差分を増幅率A2とA1の比で増幅した電圧との和をも出力する、一種のボルテージフォロワのような動作をする。
Vo=A1×{(V4-V3)+(A2/A1)×(V6-V5)}・・・(4)
であるから、すなわち比較器11は、スイッチS11がオフしている状態では、V4とV3の差分の電圧と、V6とV5の差分を増幅率A2とA1の比で増幅した電圧と、の和の電圧を、十分に大きな増幅率A1で増幅して、出力端子OUTからハイレベル信号(一般に正の電源電圧レベル)またはローレベル信号(一般に負の電源電圧レベル、またはGNDレベル)を出力する比較動作を行う。
Vo=(V4+Voa1)+(A2/A1)×(V6+Voa2-V5)・・・(5)
スイッチS11がオフしているとき
Vo=A1×{(V4+Voa1-V3)+(A2/A1)×(V6+Voa2-V5)}・・・(6)
以上が図3に示した比較器11の動作説明である。
比較動作の一周期は、サンプルフェーズφ1と比較フェーズφ2の2つのフェーズからなる。スイッチS11、S12、S13、S21は、図2のスイッチ制御信号により制御される。スイッチS11、S12、S13は、サンプルフェーズφ1でオンし、比較フェーズφ2でオフする。また、スイッチS21は、サンプルフェーズφ1でオフし、比較フェーズφ2でオンする。
サンプルフェーズφ1では、スイッチS11、S12、S13はオンしており、スイッチS21はオフする。従って、比較器11の各入力端子には、次の電圧が供給される。比較器11の第一差動入力対の第一入力端子N3には出力端子OUTの電圧Voが与えられ、第一差動入力対の第二入力端子N4には基準電圧Vref0が与えられ、第二差動入力対の第一入力端子N5には第一基準電圧Vref1が与えられ、第二差動入力対の第二入力端子N6には第二基準電圧Vref2が与えられる。スイッチS11がオンしているとき、比較器11は式(5)で示したように動作するから、第一差動入力対の第一入力端子N3の電圧は次のように表される。
各電圧の末尾のφ1は、サンプルフェーズφ1における電圧である事を示す。これ以降では、他の電圧、また比較フェーズφ2についても同様に表記する。
ΔVC1φ1=V3φ1-V1φ1・・・(8)
上式に式(7)を代入すると、次式を得る。
一方、容量C2には電圧V4と電圧V2の差分ΔVC2φ1が充電される
ΔVC2φ1=V4φ1-V2φ1・・・(10)
第一差動入力対の第二入力端子N4には基準電圧Vref0が与えられているから、式(10)から次式を得る。
一方、比較フェーズφ2では、スイッチS11、S12、S13はオフしており、スイッチS21はオンする。スイッチS11がオフし、容量C1にはΔVC1φ1が充電されているので、電圧V3は電圧V1とΔVC1φ1で定まり、次式で表される。
V3φ2=V1φ2+ΔVC1φ1・・・(12)
上式に容量C1に充電されたΔVC1φ1を表す式(9)を代入すると次のようになる。
また、スイッチS12がオフし、容量C2にはΔVC2φ1が充電されているので、電圧V4は電圧V2とΔVC2φ1で定まり、次式で表される。
V4φ2=V2φ2+ΔVC2φ1・・・(14)
上式に容量C2に充電されたΔVC2φ1を表す式(11)を代入すると次のようになる。
また、スイッチS11がオフしているとき、比較器11は式(6)で示したように動作するから、比較器11の出力端子OUTの電圧Voは次のように表される。
上式に式(13)で表されるV3φ2、式(15)で表されるV4φ2を代入すると次式を得る。
式(17)を分かりやすくするために、入力端子N1および入力端子N2から供給される電圧成分をΔVinとおき、第一基準電圧入力端子Nref1および第二基準電圧入力端子Nref2から供給される電圧成分をΔVrefとおくと、式(17)は次のように表せる。
ここに、
ΔVin=(V2φ2-V1φ2)-(V2φ1-V1φ1)・・・(19)
ΔVref=(Vref2φ1-Vref1φ1)-(Vref2φ2-Vref1φ2)・・・(20)
である。
従って、入力端子N1および入力端子N2から供給される電圧成分ΔVinと、第一基準電圧入力端子Nref1および第二基準電圧入力端子Nref2から供給される電圧成分ΔVrefを比較した結果が、十分に大きな増幅率A1で増幅され、最終的に比較器11の出力端子OUTからハイレベル信号またはローレベル信号として出力されることになる。例として、ΔVinを決める入力端子N1および入力端子N2に印加する電圧を挙げると、例えば、V1φ2=V2φ1=V1’、V1φ1=V2φ2=V2’となるように外部から電圧を入力した場合には、式(19)からΔVin=2×(V2’-V1’)となり、V1’とV2’の差を2倍した電圧が入力電圧成分として比較器11に入力されることになる。また一方で、ΔVrefを決める第一基準電圧Vref1および第二基準電圧Vref2は、例えば、Vref2φ1=Vref1φ1=Vref2φ2=Vref2’、Vref1φ2=Vref1’となるように外部から基準電圧を印加した場合には、式(20)からΔVref=Vref1’-Vref2’となり、Vref1’とVref2’の差の電圧が比較器11に基準電圧成分として入力されることになる。間便のため、A1=A2となるように差動増幅器111、112を設計したとすると、この例の場合には式(21)は、
Voφ2=A1×{2×(V2’-V1’)-(Vref1’-Vref2’)}・・・(22)
となり、入力電圧成分2×(V2’-V1’)と基準電圧成分(Vref1’-Vref2’)の比較結果が得られることになる。
比較器11は、定電流回路I1と、NMOSトランジスタM13、M14A、M14B、M15A、M16A、M15B、M16Bと、PMOSトランジスタM11、M12を有し、次のように接続されて構成される。定電流回路I1の一方は電源電圧端子VDDに接続され、もう一方はNMOSトランジスタM13のドレインおよびゲートに接続される。この接続点をNbとする。NbはNMOSトランジスタM14AのゲートとNMOSトランジスタM14Bのゲートに接続される。NMOSトランジスタM13、M14A、M14Bのソースはグランド端子VSSに接続される。NMOSトランジスタM15AとM16AのソースはM14Aのドレインに接続され、NMOSトランジスタM15BとM16BのソースはM14Bのドレインに接続される。NMOSトランジスタM15AとM15BのドレインはPMOSトランジスタM11のドレインに接続される。この接続点をNaとする。NMOSトランジスタM16AとM16BのドレインはPMOSトランジスタM12のドレインに接続される。この接続点は、比較器11の出力端子OUTに接続される。PMOSトランジスタM11とM12のゲートは接続点Naに接続され、ソースは電源電圧端子VDDに接続される。NMOSトランジスタM15A、M16Aのゲートは、それぞれ第一差動入力対の第二入力端子N4、第一入力端子N3に接続され、NMOSトランジスタM15B、M16Bのゲートは、それぞれ第二差動入力対の第二入力端子N6、第一入力端子N5に接続される。
定電流回路I1は、定電流を発生しNMOSトランジスタM13に供給する。NMOSトランジスタM13、M14A、M14Bはカレントミラー回路を構成しており、NMOSトランジスタM14A、M14Bのドレイン‐ソース間には、M13のドレイン‐ソース間に流れる電流に基づいた電流が流れる。NMOSトランジスタM14A、M15A、M16A、PMOSトランジスタM11、M12からなる5つのトランジスタは、差動増幅器を構成しており、第一差動入力対を構成するNMOSトランジスタM15A、M16Aのゲート電圧の差、すなわち、第一差動入力対の第二入力端子N4と第一差動入力対の第一入力端子N3の電圧差を増幅して、出力端子OUTに出力するように動作する。この増幅率をA1とする。ここで、カレントミラー回路構成および差動増幅器構成の動作については、CMOSアナログ回路の文献等にて詳細に記載されており、ここでは詳細な説明は割愛する。また、NMOSトランジスタM14B、M15B、M16B、PMOSトランジスタM11、M12からなる5つのトランジスタも、差動増幅器を構成しており、第二差動入力対を構成するNMOSトランジスタM15B、M16Bのゲート電圧の差、すなわち、第二差動入力対の第二入力端子N6と第二差動入力対の第一入力端子N5の電圧差を増幅して、出力端子OUTに出力するように動作する。この増幅率をA2とする。また、第一差動入力対を構成するNMOSトランジスタM15Aのドレインと第二差動入力対を構成するNMOSトランジスタM15Bのドレインが接続点NaにてPMOSトランジスタM11のドレインに接続され、第一差動入力対を構成するNMOSトランジスタM16Aのドレインと第二差動入力対を構成するNMOSトランジスタM16Bのドレインが出力端子OUTにてPMOSトランジスタM12のドレインに接続されていることにより、この接続点Naおよび出力端子OUTにて、第一差動入力対と第二差動入力対の各差動入力対で増幅された電圧が加算されるように動作する。これらの動作を式で表すと、
Vo=A1×(V4-V3)+A2×(V6-V5)・・・(23)
となる。すなわち、式(1)と同等の動作を行う。
V2φ1=Vcmφ1-Vsigφ1-Voffφ1
V1φ2=Vcmφ2-Vsigφ2+Voffφ2
V2φ2=Vcmφ2+Vsigφ2-Voffφ2
ここで、Vcmはセンサ素子の信号電圧の同相電圧成分、Vsigはセンサ素子の信号電圧成分、Voffはセンサ素子のオフセット電圧成分(誤差要因)である。以上の各入力電圧を式(19)に代入すると、
ΔVin=2×(Vsigφ2+Vsigφ1)-2×(Voffφ2-Voffφ1)・・・(24)
となる。センサ素子のオフセット電圧成分はサンプルフェーズφ1と比較フェーズφ2で概等しい値を示すので相殺される。従って、センサ素子の信号電圧成分のみが入力電圧成分として比較器11に入力されることになる。このような入力電圧成分の場合においても、本発明の趣旨である、比較器の入力オフセット電圧の影響を取り除くと共に、スイッチのオフリーク電流やノイズ成分による誤差の影響を抑制し、高精度な比較判定結果を得るという点から逸脱するものではない。
図5は、第2の実施形態の比較回路の回路図である。図1に示した第1の実施形態との違いは、スイッチS13とS21を削除し、スイッチS14とS22を追加した点である。追加した要素は次のように構成され接続される。また削除した要素により次の接続が第1の実施形態と異なる。
スイッチS14、S22は、スイッチS11、S12と同様にスイッチ制御信号(回路図には図示しない)により、オンまたはオフが制御される。
図7は、第3の実施形態の比較回路の回路図である。図1に示した第1の実施形態との違いは、比較器11を比較器12で置き換えた点、比較器11の入力に接続されていた第一基準電圧入力端子Nref1と第二基準電圧入力端子Nref2を削除した点である。置き換えた要素は次のように構成され接続される。
まず、比較器12の動作を説明する。比較器12は、入力電圧の差を増幅した値を出力する機能を有する。この増幅機能を式で表すと、
Vo=A3×(V4-V3)・・・(25)
となる。ここにA3は比較器12の増幅率である。
Vo=A3/(1+A3)×V4・・・(26)
説明の便宜上、増幅率A3は十分に大きいとすると、次式を得る。
すなわちスイッチS11がオンしている状態では、比較器12の出力端子OUTと、差動入力対の第一入力端子N3が電気的に接続されており、フィードバックループが形成され、出力電圧Voは入力電圧V4に追従し、ボルテージフォロワ動作をする。
Vo=A3×(V4-V3)・・・(28)
であるから、すなわち比較器12は、スイッチS11がオフしている状態では、V4とV3の差分の電圧を十分に大きな増幅率A3で増幅して、出力端子OUTからハイレベル信号(一般に正の電源電圧レベル)またはローレベル信号(一般に負の電源電圧レベル、またはGNDレベル)を出力する比較動作を行う。
Vo=V4+Voa3・・・(29)
スイッチS11がオフしているとき
Vo=A3×{(V4+Voa3-V3)}・・・(30)
以上が図7に示した比較器12の動作説明である。
容量C1には電圧V3と電圧V1の差分ΔVC1φ1が充電される
ΔVC1φ1=V3φ1-V1φ1・・・(32)
上式に式(31)を代入すると、次式を得る。
一方、容量C2には電圧V4と電圧V2の差分ΔVC2φ1が充電される
ΔVC2φ1=V4φ1-V2φ1・・・(34)
差動入力対の第二入力端子N4には基準電圧入力端子Nref0の電圧が与えられているから、式(34)から次式を得る。
一方、比較フェーズφ2では、スイッチS11、S12、S13はオフしており、スイッチS21はオンする。スイッチS11がオフし、容量C1にはΔVC1φ1が充電されているので、電圧V3は電圧V1とΔVC1φ1で定まり、次式で表される。
上式に容量C1に充電されたΔVC1φ1を表す式(33)を代入すると次のようになる。
V3φ2=V1φ2-V1φ1+Vref0φ1+Voa3φ1・・・(37)
また、スイッチS12がオフし、容量C2にはΔVC2φ1が充電されているので、電圧V4は電圧V2とΔVC2φ1で定まり、次式で表される。
上式に容量C2に充電されたΔVC2φ1を表す式(35)を代入すると次のようになる。
V4φ2=V2φ2+Vref0φ1-V2φ1・・・(39)
また、スイッチS11がオフしているとき、比較器12は式(30)で示したように動作するから、比較器12の出力端子OUTの電圧Voは次のように表される。
上式に式(37)で表されるV3φ2、式(39)で表されるV4φ2を代入すると次式を得る。
ここで、比較器12の入力オフセット電圧Voa3は、第1の実施形態と同様に、サンプルフェーズφ1および比較フェーズφ2の時間が、入力オフセット電圧の経時変化や温度変化に対して十分に短い時間であれば、サンプルフェーズφ1と比較フェーズφ2で概等しい値であるとみなす事ができる。従って、式(41)において、Voa3φ2-Voa3φ1は、ほぼゼロの値となり、比較フェーズφ2の比較器12における比較動作時に、比較器12のオフセット成分は取り除かれる。よって式(41)は次のように表せる。
従って、入力端子N1に入力される電圧と、入力端子N2に入力される電圧とを比較した結果が、十分に大きな増幅率A3で増幅され、最終的に比較器12の出力端子OUTからハイレベル信号またはローレベル信号として出力されることになる。
図8は、第4の実施形態の比較回路の回路図である。図7に示した第3の実施形態との違いは、スイッチS13とS21を削除し、スイッチS14とS22を追加した点である。追加した要素は次のように構成され接続される。また削除した要素により次の接続が第3の実施形態と異なる。
スイッチS14、S22は、スイッチS11、S12と同様にスイッチ制御信号(回路図には図示しない)により、オンまたはオフが制御される。スイッチの動作については第2の実施形態と同様に制御され、図6の各スイッチの動作を示す図に従って動作する。
111、112 差動増幅器
113 加算器
I1 定電流回路
Claims (4)
- 第一容量及び第二容量と、
第一入力電圧が前記第一容量を介して入力される第一入力端子と、第二入力電圧が前記第二容量を介して入力される第二入力端子と、出力端子とを備えた比較器と、
基準電圧が入力される基準電圧端子と、
一端が前記第一入力端子に接続され、サンプルフェーズでオンして前記第一入力端子の電圧を前記出力端子の電圧にする第一スイッチと、
一端が前記第二入力端子に接続され、前記サンプルフェーズでオンして前記第二入力端子の電圧を前記基準電圧にする第二スイッチと、
前記第一スイッチの他端と前記第二スイッチの他端の間に設けられ、比較フェーズでオンして前記第一スイッチの他端と前記第二スイッチの他端の電圧を等しくする第三スイッチと、
を備えたことを特徴とする比較回路。 - 前記第二スイッチの他端と前記基準電圧端子の間に設けられ、サンプルフェーズでオンする第四スイッチを備え、
前記第三スイッチは、前記第一スイッチの他端と前記第二スイッチの他端の電圧を前記出力端子の電圧にする、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の比較回路。 - 前記第一スイッチの他端と前記出力端子の間に設けられ、サンプルフェーズでオンする第四スイッチを備え、
前記第三スイッチは、前記第一スイッチの他端と前記第二スイッチの他端の電圧を前記基準電圧にする、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の比較回路。 - 前記比較器は、
前記第一入力端子と前記第二入力端子に接続された第一増幅器と、
第三入力端子と第四入力端子に接続された第二増幅器と、を備え、
前記第三入力端子に第二の基準電圧が入力され、前記第四入力端子に第三の基準電圧が入力された、
ことを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の比較回路。
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KR1020167012230A KR102153872B1 (ko) | 2013-11-11 | 2014-10-08 | 비교 회로 |
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TW201539983A (zh) | 2015-10-16 |
US20160241222A1 (en) | 2016-08-18 |
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KR102153872B1 (ko) | 2020-09-09 |
JP2015095727A (ja) | 2015-05-18 |
CN105960757B (zh) | 2019-07-09 |
KR20160085262A (ko) | 2016-07-15 |
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