WO2015064502A1 - ナット及び回転機械 - Google Patents
ナット及び回転機械 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015064502A1 WO2015064502A1 PCT/JP2014/078347 JP2014078347W WO2015064502A1 WO 2015064502 A1 WO2015064502 A1 WO 2015064502A1 JP 2014078347 W JP2014078347 W JP 2014078347W WO 2015064502 A1 WO2015064502 A1 WO 2015064502A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- nut
- cover
- axis
- nuts
- bolt
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 35
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
- F01D5/06—Rotors for more than one axial stage, e.g. of drum or multiple disc type; Details thereof, e.g. shafts, shaft connections
- F01D5/066—Connecting means for joining rotor-discs or rotor-elements together, e.g. by a central bolt, by clamps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
- F01D5/06—Rotors for more than one axial stage, e.g. of drum or multiple disc type; Details thereof, e.g. shafts, shaft connections
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
- F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
- F04D29/321—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps for axial flow compressors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/60—Mounting; Assembling; Disassembling
- F04D29/64—Mounting; Assembling; Disassembling of axial pumps
- F04D29/644—Mounting; Assembling; Disassembling of axial pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B37/00—Nuts or like thread-engaging members
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/001—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between stator blade and rotor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
- F05D2220/32—Application in turbines in gas turbines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B33/00—Features common to bolt and nut
- F16B33/002—Means for preventing rotation of screw-threaded elements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nut screwed into a plurality of bolts that fasten a plurality of rotating members, and a rotary machine assembled using the nut.
- a rotor composed of a plurality of disks As a gas turbine rotor, a rotor composed of a plurality of disks is known. A plurality of through holes penetrating in a direction parallel to the axis of the rotor are formed in the plurality of disks in the circumferential direction of the rotor. The plurality of disks are fastened with spindle bolts and nuts. A cavity for attaching a nut is formed in the rotor having such a configuration (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 1 discloses a structure that prevents a working fluid from flowing into a cavity by disposing a seal member fixed to the cavity with a spindle bolt. That is, this structure is a structure that reduces the windage loss by reducing the working fluid flowing into the cavity and improves the efficiency of the gas turbine.
- the present invention relates to a nut attached to a plurality of bolts for fastening a plurality of rotating members, a nut capable of reducing windage loss between the nut and a fluid around the nut, and a rotary machine using the nut
- the purpose is to provide.
- the nut includes a plurality of rotating members stacked in the axial direction in which the axis extends, and the plurality of rotating members in the axial direction at a plurality of circumferential positions around the axis.
- a nut that is screwed into the ends of the first side of the plurality of bolts that pass through the nut, and at least a second side of the surface of the nut that is opposite to the first side of the bolt.
- the first cover surface which is the surface opposite to the facing surface, has a shape that forms a continuous annular surface around the axis in cooperation with the first cover surface of another nut. To do.
- the annular surface formed by the plurality of nuts reduces the fluid flowing between the nuts when the rotating member rotates, so that the windage loss between the nuts and the fluid around the nuts is reduced. Can be reduced.
- the nut may include a nut main body having a screw hole and a plate-like cover attached to the nut main body, and the cover may form the first cover surface.
- the weight reduction of a nut is attained by making the site
- the first cover surface may be a flat surface. According to the said structure, the flow of the fluid around a nut can be made smooth and a windage loss can further be reduced.
- the first cover surface may be perpendicular to the axis. According to the above configuration, it is possible to prevent the cover surface from rolling up due to the centrifugal force applied to the cover surface when the rotating member rotates.
- the fluid flowing between the nuts from the radially outer peripheral side when the rotating member rotates is reduced, so that the windage loss between the nut and the fluid around the nut can be reduced.
- the fluid flowing between the nuts from the radially inner peripheral side when the rotating member rotates is reduced, so that the windage loss between the nut and the fluid around the nut can be reduced.
- the nut may be configured to be plane-symmetric with respect to a plane including the axis and the central axis of the screw hole. According to the said structure, when a nut rotates centering around an axis line, it can prevent loosening with a centrifugal force.
- a plurality of screw holes into which the end portion on the first side of the bolt is screwed may be formed. According to the said structure, since the clearance gap between the cover surfaces which comprise the continuous cyclic
- the present invention includes a rotating body, and the rotating body includes the plurality of rotating members, the plurality of bolts, and the plurality of nuts according to any one of the above, and the plurality of rotating members include a plurality of the rotating members.
- a rotating machine that is fastened to each other by the bolt and the plurality of nuts is provided.
- the annular body formed by the plurality of nuts reduces the fluid flowing between the nuts when the rotating body rotates, so that the windage loss between the nut and the fluid around the nut is reduced. Can be reduced.
- FIG. 1 It is a perspective view of a nut with a cover of a second embodiment of the present invention. It is a perspective view of the nut with a cover of the modification of the second embodiment of the present invention. It is a perspective view of a nut with a cover of a third embodiment of the present invention. It is a perspective view of a nut with a cover of a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- a gas turbine 1 includes a compressor 2 that compresses outside air to generate compressed air, and a combustor 3 that mixes fuel from a fuel supply source with the compressed air and burns to generate combustion gas. And a turbine 4 driven by combustion gas.
- the turbine 4 is a rotating machine having a turbine rotor 5 that is a rotating body that rotates about an axis A, and a turbine casing 6 that rotatably covers the turbine rotor 5.
- the compressor 2 is a rotary machine that includes a compressor rotor 7 that is a rotating body that rotates about an axis, and a compressor casing 8 that rotatably covers the compressor rotor 7.
- the direction in which the axis A of the turbine rotor 5 and the compressor rotor 7 extends is referred to as the axial direction
- the radial direction with respect to the axis A is simply referred to as the radial direction.
- the compressor 2 side is referred to as a first side with respect to the turbine 4
- the turbine 4 side is referred to as a second side (opposite to the first side) with respect to the compressor 2.
- the compressor rotor 7 and the turbine rotor 5 are connected and integrated via an intermediate shaft 10.
- the compressor rotor 7 is fixed to a spindle bolt 11 (a gas turbine fastening bolt), a rotating member fastened by nuts 12 and 13, an integrated disk 19 and a large number of disks 14, and a large number of disks 14.
- the compressor rotor blades 15 are configured.
- the compressor rotor 7 includes a spindle in which a plurality of discs 14 and 19 stacked in the axial direction in which the axis A extends extend through the plurality of discs 14 and 19 at a plurality of circumferential positions around the axis A.
- the bolt 11 and the spindle bolt 11 are fastened by nuts 12 and 13 screwed to both ends.
- the plurality of spindle bolts 11 are arranged at substantially equal intervals in the circumferential direction.
- the compressor rotor 7 of the present embodiment is fastened by 12 spindle bolts 11. That is, the spindle bolts 11 are provided, for example, at an interval of 30 ° with the axis A as the center.
- the turbine rotor 5 includes a plurality of turbine disks 50 fastened by spindle bolts 16 and nuts 17 and 18, and turbine rotor blades 51 fixed to the plurality of turbine disks 50.
- the nut spindle nut
- the nut is used in combination with a male screw component such as a bolt such as a spindle bolt, and is a fastening component formed with a female screw that can be screwed into the male screw of the bolt. It is.
- compressor rotor 7 among the many disks 14, several of the preceding stage are not stacked, but are integrated as an integrated disk 19 to increase rigidity. Yes.
- the compressor rotor 7 is fastened by the integrated disk 19 and the nuts 12 and 13 for screwing a large number of rear-stage disks 14 to both ends of the spindle bolt 11 and the spindle bolt 11.
- the integrated disk 19 has a plurality of large-diameter portions 20 to which the compressor rotor blade 15 is fixed, and a small-diameter portion 21 that is disposed between the large-diameter portions 20 and has a smaller diameter than the large-diameter portion 20. .
- the integrated disk 19 of the present embodiment has three large diameter portions 20 and two small diameter portions 21.
- the spindle bolt 11 and the nuts 12 and 13 include a large number of disks 14, an integrated disk 19 arranged on the first axial side of the large number of disks 14, and an axial first number of the large number of disks 14.
- the intermediate shaft 10 disposed on the second side is fastened together.
- Bolt insertion holes 22 for inserting the spindle bolts 11 are formed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction in the multiple disks 14, the integrated disk 19, and the intermediate shaft 10.
- a nut 12 with a cover is screwed to the end of the spindle bolt 11 on the first side (integrated disk 19 side), and is opposite to the first side of the spindle bolt.
- a normal nut 13 is screwed onto the end of the second side (the intermediate shaft 10 side).
- the integrated disk 19 has a bolt insertion hole 22 formed only in the large diameter portion 20 (hereinafter referred to as the first large diameter portion 20a) on the side in contact with a large number of disks. That is, the integrated disk 19 is fastened to a large number of disks 14 by the first large diameter portion 20a on the second side in the axial direction.
- the nut with cover 12 is exposed to the cavity 24 between the first large diameter portion 20a on the second side in the axial direction and the large diameter portion 20 at the center in the axial direction (hereinafter referred to as the second large diameter portion 20b). Screwed to one end of the spindle bolt 11.
- the cavity 24 includes a first axial surface of the first large diameter portion 20a (hereinafter referred to as a first side surface 25) and an axial first of the second large diameter portion 20b.
- the bolt insertion hole 22 is formed on the radially inner side of the first side surface 25 of the cavity 24. In other words, the bolt insertion hole 22 is formed so that the spindle bolt 11 is arranged as radially as possible inside. That is, the nut with cover 12 is arranged near the bottom of the cavity 24.
- the first side surface 25 of the cavity 24 is formed with a nut holding projection 28 that protrudes from the first side surface 25 to the first side in the axial direction and extends in the circumferential direction.
- the nut holding projection 28 is formed so as to abut on the radially outer peripheral side of the nut with cover 12 when the nut with cover 12 is attached to the spindle bolt.
- a seal fin protrusion 29 is formed on the first side surface 25 of the cavity 24.
- the seal fin protrusion 29 cooperates with the seal member 54 formed on the inner peripheral surface of the inner shroud 53 (see FIG. 6) of the compressor stationary blade 52 to prevent the inflow of working fluid such as air.
- the seal fin protrusion 29 is formed with a plurality of seal fins 30 that protrude radially outward of the seal fin protrusion 29 and extend in the circumferential direction.
- the nut 12 with a cover includes a cylindrical nut main body portion 32 and a plate-like cover portion 33 provided at one end of the nut main body portion 32 in the axial direction.
- the nut with cover 12 is provided with a screw hole 34 so as to penetrate the nut main body portion 32 and the cover portion 33.
- the nut main body 32 has a cylindrical shape, and the screw hole 34 is formed to be coaxial with the nut main body 32. That is, the screw hole 34 is formed so that the central axis NA of the screw hole 34 and the central axis of the cylindrical nut main body 32 coincide with each other.
- a female screw corresponding to the spindle bolt 11 is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the screw hole 34.
- the cover portion 33 is a plate-like member that is integrally provided on the second axial side of the nut body portion 32.
- the nut with cover 12 is attached to the spindle bolt 11 so that the cover portion 33 is disposed on the first side in the axial direction.
- a surface (hereinafter, referred to as a first cover surface 35) on the opposite side (the first axial side) of the cover portion 33 to the nut body portion 32 is a flat surface.
- the first cover surface 35 is formed to be perpendicular to the axis A.
- the shape of the cover 33 viewed from the axial direction is a sector shape in which the arc is concentric with the compressor rotor 7.
- the outer shape of the cover portion 33 includes a first arc 36, a second arc 37, and a straight portion 38.
- the first arc 36 is an arc along the outer peripheral surface 27 of the small diameter portion of the cavity 24 when the nut 12 with cover is screwed to the spindle bolt 11.
- the second arc 37 is an arc along the inner peripheral surface of the nut holding projection 28.
- the straight portion 38 is a straight line that connects both ends of the first arc 36 and the second arc 37.
- the nut main body 32 and the cover 33 are formed such that the central axis of the nut main body 32 is positioned at the center in the circumferential direction of the cover 33. That is, the screw hole 34 of the nut 12 with cover is formed at the center of the first cover surface 35.
- the cover portion 33 of the nut with cover 12 is centered on the axis A of the compressor rotor 7 when the nut with cover 12 is attached to each of the twelve spindle bolts 11 of the present embodiment.
- the annular body C is formed.
- the cover portion 33 (the cover surface 35) has a shape obtained by dividing the surface of the annular body C around the axis A of the compressor rotor 7 in the circumferential direction. That is, the first cover surface 35 forms an annular surface continuous around the axis A in cooperation with the first cover surface 35 of the other nuts with cover 12.
- the nut with cover 12 is formed so as to be plane symmetric with respect to a plane including the axis A and the central axis NA of the screw hole 34.
- the nut with cover 12 of the present embodiment is integrally formed by cutting a steel material such as stainless steel, for example. However, if the joint strength between the nut main body 32 and the cover 33 can be sufficiently secured, the nut main body 32 and the cover 33 may be separately formed and then integrated by welding.
- the integrated disk 19 When assembling the compressor rotor 7, the integrated disk 19, a large number of disks 14, and the intermediate shaft 10 are disposed, and the nut 12 with cover is disposed at a predetermined position of the cavity 24, and then the second side in the axial direction. Then, the spindle bolt 11 is inserted and the nut with cover 12 and the end portion on the first side in the axial direction of the spindle bolt 11 are screwed together. At this time, the nut main body portion 32 of the nut with cover 12 is disposed so that the second axial surface of the nut main body 32 abuts on the first side surface 25 of the cavity 24.
- the nut 13 is screwed to the end of the spindle bolt 11 on the second side in the axial direction, and the integrated disk 19, the multiple disks 14, and the intermediate shaft 10 are fastened. That is, the nut 12 with cover is not rotated during fastening.
- the cover part 33 is provided in the nut 12 with cover, which is a nut screwed into the end portion of the spindle bolt 11 in the cavity 24, so that the working fluid is supplied to the nut 12 with cover. Does not flow into the area. That is, the swirling of the working fluid around the spindle bolt 11 and the nut with cover 12 is reduced. In other words, the working fluid interferes with the nut main body portion 32 of the nut 12 with cover by the annular body C formed by the cover portion 33 of the nut 12 with cover attached to each of the 12 spindle bolts 11. There is no.
- the annular body C formed by the plurality of nuts with a cover 12 reduces the working fluid flowing between the nut main body portions 32 when the compressor rotor 7 rotates.
- the windage loss between 32 and the fluid around the nut with cover 12 can be reduced.
- the cover-equipped nut 12 has a nut body portion 32 having a screw hole 34 and a plate-like cover portion 33 attached to the nut body portion 32, and the cover portion 33 forms a first cover surface 35. As a result, the weight of the nut 12 can be reduced.
- the screw hole 34 of the nut 12 with cover is formed at the center of the first cover surface 35, and the nut 12 with cover is plane-symmetric with respect to the plane including the axis A and the central axis NA of the screw hole 34. It is formed to become.
- the weight balance of the cover portion 33 with respect to the screw hole 34 serving as the center of rotation of the nut 12 with cover is improved, so that the nut 12 with cover can be prevented from rotating carelessly when the compressor rotor 7 rotates. it can.
- the nut with cover 12 according to the modification of the first embodiment has a configuration in which two nut main body portions 32 are formed in one cover portion 33. That is, the cover-equipped nut 12 of this modification has a shape having two screw holes 34 corresponding to the two spindle bolts 11 adjacent in the circumferential direction.
- the cover portion 33 according to this modification has a shape obtained by dividing an annular body around the axis of the compressor rotor 7 into N / 2 in the circumferential direction. is there.
- the gap between the cover part 33 and the cover part 33 is reduced, the working fluid flowing into the nut main body part 32 side of the nut with cover 12 can be further reduced.
- the example in which the two nut main body portions 32 are integrated by the single cover portion 33 has been described.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and three or more nut main body portions 32 are integrated into the single cover portion 33. It is good also as a structure integrated by.
- the nut with cover 12B of the second embodiment of the present invention has a block shape in which the axial view is the same shape as the cover 33 of the first embodiment.
- the cover-equipped nut 12 ⁇ / b> B of the present embodiment includes a cover surface 35, an opposite surface 40, a first arc surface 41, a second arc surface 42, and a contact surface 43.
- the opposite surface 40 is a surface on the second side in the axial direction with respect to the cover surface 35.
- the first arc surface 41 is a surface facing the outer peripheral surface 27 of the small diameter portion when attached to the spindle bolt 11.
- the second arc surface 42 is a surface facing the inner peripheral surface of the nut holding projection 28.
- the contact surfaces 43 are surfaces that contact each other.
- the screw hole 34 is formed so that the cover surface 35 of the nut 12 with a cover, the cover surface 35, and the opposite surface 40 of the 2nd side of an axial direction may be penetrated.
- the nut with cover 12 ⁇ / b> B of the present embodiment is shaped to be an annular body having a rectangular cross section when screwed into the spindle bolt 11 and disposed at a predetermined position of the cavity 24.
- a nut with a cover can be formed by a simpler processing step.
- the space around one end of the spindle bolt 11 is filled with the nut 12B with cover.
- surroundings of nut 12B with a cover can be reduced more.
- a single nut 12 ⁇ / b> B with a cover may be screwed onto the two spindle bolts 11. That is, the cover-equipped nut 12B of the present modification has a center angle of the cover surface 35 that is twice that of the cover-equipped nut 12B of the second embodiment, and corresponds to two spindle bolts 11 adjacent in the circumferential direction. Two screw holes 34 are formed.
- the nut with cover 12C of the third embodiment of the present invention includes a nut main body 32 having the same shape as the nut main body 32 of the first embodiment, and a cover having the same shape as the cover 33 of the first embodiment. 33 and a second cover part 45 connected to the cover part 33 in an extended form of the cover part 33.
- the second cover part 45 is formed so as to extend from the radially outer peripheral side (second arc 37) of the cover part 33 to the other axial side.
- the second cover portion 45 is formed so as to cover the radially outer peripheral side of the nut main body portion 32 of the nut with cover 12C.
- the second cover portion 45 is formed to be an annular body centered on the axis A of the compressor rotor 7 when the nuts with cover 12C are screwed into the respective spindle bolts 11. That is, the outer cover surface 45a, which is the main surface of the second cover portion 45 and faces outward with respect to the axis A, cooperates with the other nuts with a cover 12C to form a continuous annular shape around the axis A. The shape that forms the surface.
- the nut with cover 12D of the fourth embodiment of the present invention includes a nut body portion 32 having the same shape as the nut body portion 32 of the first embodiment, and a cover portion having the same shape as the cover portion 33 of the first embodiment. 33 and a third cover portion 46 connected to the cover portion 33 in a form extending the cover portion 33.
- the third cover portion 46 is formed so as to extend from the radially inner side (first arc 36) of the cover portion 33 to the other axial side.
- the third cover portion 46 is formed so as to cover the radially inner peripheral side of the nut main body portion 32 of the nut with cover 12D.
- the third cover portion 46 is formed to be an annular body centered on the axis of the compressor rotor 7 when the nut 12D with cover is screwed to each spindle bolt 11. That is, the inner cover surface 46a, which is the main surface of the third cover portion 46 and faces inward with respect to the axis A, cooperates with the other nuts 12D with a cover, and continues to have an annular shape centering on the axis A. It has a shape that forms the surface. According to the embodiment, the working fluid flowing from the radially inner peripheral side can be reduced.
- the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
- the structure which combined the characteristic demonstrated by said several embodiment arbitrarily may be sufficient.
- the screw hole 34 of each of the above embodiments penetrates the nut main body portion 32 and the cover portion 33.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the screw hole 34 may be formed only in the nut main body portion 32. Good.
- the annular surface formed by the plurality of nuts reduces the fluid flowing between the nuts when the rotating member rotates, so that the windage loss between the nuts and the fluid around the nuts is reduced. Can be reduced.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本願は、2013年10月29日に出願された特願2013-224343号について優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
特許文献1には、キャビティにスピンドルボルトで固定されるシール部材を配設することにより、キャビティ内に作動流体が流入することを防止する構造が開示されている。即ち、この構造は、キャビティ内に流入する作動流体が低減されることによって風損を低減し、ガスタービンの効率を向上させる構造である。
上記構成によれば、第一カバー面を構成する部位を板状とすることによって、ナットの軽量化が可能となる。
上記構成によれば、ナット周囲の流体の流れを滑らかにすることができ、風損をさらに低減することができる。
上記構成によれば、回転部材が回転する際にカバー面にかかる遠心力によってカバー面が捲り上がることを防止することができる。
上記構成によれば、ナットが軸線を中心に回転する際に、遠心力によって緩むことを防止することができる。
上記構成によれば、連続した環状の表面を構成するカバー面間の隙間が少なくなるため、ナット間に流入する作動流体をより低減することができる。
以下、本発明の実施形態について図面を参照して詳細に説明する。
図1に示すように、ガスタービン1は、外気を圧縮して圧縮空気を生成する圧縮機2と、燃料供給源からの燃料を圧縮空気に混合して燃焼させ燃焼ガスを生成する燃焼器3と、燃焼ガスにより駆動するタービン4と、を備えている。
圧縮機2は、軸線を中心として回転する回転体である圧縮機ロータ7と、この圧縮機ロータ7を回転可能に覆う圧縮機ケーシング8と、を有する回転機械である。
なお、以下の説明においては、タービンロータ5及び圧縮機ロータ7の軸線Aが延びている方向を軸方向とし、軸線Aに対する径方向を単に径方向とする。また、軸方向であって、タービン4を基準にして圧縮機2側を第一の側、圧縮機2を基準としてタービン4側を第二の側(第一の側とは反対側)という。
換言すれば、圧縮機ロータ7は、軸線Aが延びる軸方向に重ねられた複数のディスク14,19が、軸線Aを中心とした周方向の複数個所で複数のディスク14,19を貫通するスピンドルボルト11、及びスピンドルボルト11の両端に螺合するナット12,13により締結されている。
ここで、ナット(スピンドルナット)とは、スピンドルボルトのようなボルトなどの雄ネジ部品と組み合わされて使用されるものであり、ボルトの雄ネジに螺合可能な雌ネジが形成された締結部品である。
本実施形態の圧縮機ロータ7においては、スピンドルボルト11の第一の側(一体化ディスク19側)の端部にはカバー付ナット12が螺合され、スピンドルボルトの第一の側とは反対側の第二の側(中間軸10側)の端部には通常のナット13が螺合されている。
カバー付ナット12は、軸方向の第二の側の第一大径部20aと、軸方向中央の大径部20(以下、第二大径部20bと呼ぶ)との間のキャビティ24に露出されるスピンドルボルト11の一端部に螺合される。
ボルト挿通孔22は、キャビティ24の第一側面25の径方向内側に形成されている。換言すれば、ボルト挿通孔22は、スピンドルボルト11が、可能な限り径方向内側に配置されるように形成されている。即ち、カバー付ナット12は、キャビティ24の底部近傍に配置されることになる。
また、キャビティ24の第一側面25には、シールフィン突起29が形成されている。シールフィン突起29は、圧縮機静翼52の内側シュラウド53(図6参照)の内周面に形成されたシール材54と協働して、空気などの作動流体の流入を防止する。シールフィン突起29には、シールフィン突起29の径方向外側に突出するとともに、周方向に延在する複数のシールフィン30が形成されている。
ナット本体部32は円柱形状をなし、ネジ孔34は、ナット本体部32と同軸となるように形成されている。即ち、ネジ孔34は、ネジ孔34の中心軸NAと円柱形状のナット本体部32の中心軸とが一致するように形成されている。ネジ孔34の内周面には、スピンドルボルト11に対応する雌ネジが形成されている。
カバー部33の外形は、第一円弧36と、第二円弧37と、直線部38と、から構成されている。第一円弧36は、カバー付ナット12をスピンドルボルト11に螺合させた際にキャビティ24の小径部外周面27に沿う弧である。第二円弧37は、ナット保持突起28の内周面に沿う弧である。直線部38は、第一円弧36及び第二円弧37の両端を接続する直線である。
また、ナット本体部32とカバー部33とは、ナット本体部32の中心軸がカバー部33の周方向中心に位置するように形成されている。即ち、カバー付ナット12のネジ孔34は、第一カバー面35の中央に形成されている。
また、カバー付ナット12は、軸線Aとネジ孔34の中心軸NAを含む面に対して面対称となるように形成されている。
この構成は、スピンドルボルト11の本数にはよらず、例えば、スピンドルボルト11がN本設けられている構成である場合、N個のカバー部33が集まって全体として連続した環状体Cが形成される。即ち、カバー部33の扇形の中心角は(360°/N)°となる。
次いで、ナット13をスピンドルボルト11の軸方向の第二の側の端部に螺合させて、一体化ディスク19、多数枚のディスク14、及び中間軸10を締結する。即ち、締結の際はカバー付ナット12を回転させることはない。
図6に示すように、圧縮機2が運転を開始すると、圧縮機静翼52の内側シュラウド53と一体化ディスク19の第二大径部20bとの間の軸方向隙間から作動流体がキャビディ24内に流入する。作動流体は、キャビティ24内で渦Eを形成する。
換言すれば、12本のスピンドルボルト11の各々に取り付けられているカバー付ナット12のカバー部33によって形成される環状体Cによって、作動流体はカバー付ナット12のナット本体部32に干渉することがない。
また、第一カバー面35が軸線Aに対して垂直であることによって、圧縮機ロータ7が回転する際にカバー部33にかかる遠心力によってカバー部33が捲り上がることを防止することができる。
また、カバー付ナット12がネジ孔34を有するナット本体部32と、ナット本体部32に取り付けられる板状のカバー部33とを有し、このカバー部33が第一カバー面35をなす構成としたことにより、ナット12の軽量化が可能となる。
また、キャビティ24の第一側面25にナット保持突起28が形成されていることによって、カバー付ナット12にかかる遠心力を抑えることができる。また、径方向外周側からカバー付ナット12に流入する作動流体を低減することができる。
ここで、第一実施形態の変形例について説明する。図7に示すように、第一実施形態の変形例のカバー付ナット12は、一つのカバー部33に二つのナット本体部32が形成された構成である。即ち、本変形例のカバー付ナット12は、周方向に隣り合う二本のスピンドルボルト11に対応した二つのネジ孔34を有する形状となっている。
スピンドルボルト11が周方向にN本設けられている構成である場合、本変形例のカバー部33は、圧縮機ロータ7の軸線を中心とした環状体を周方向にN/2分割した形状である。
なお、この変形例では、二つのナット本体部32を一つのカバー部33で一体化する例を示したが、これに限ることはなく、三つ以上のナット本体部32を一つのカバー部33で一体化する構成としてもよい。
以下、本発明の第二実施形態のカバー付ナット12Bを図面に基づいて説明する。なお、本実施形態では、上述した第一実施形態との相違点を中心に述べ、同様の部分についてはその説明を省略する。
図8に示すように、本実施形態のカバー付ナット12Bは、軸方向視が第一実施形態のカバー部33と同形状の扇形とされたブロック形状とされている。具体的には、本実施形態のカバー付ナット12Bは、カバー面35と、反対面40と、第一円弧面41と、第二円弧面42と、当接面43とから構成されている。
反対面40は、カバー面35に対して軸方向の第二の側の面である。第一円弧面41は、スピンドルボルト11に取り付けた際に、小径部外周面27に面する面である。第二円弧面42は、ナット保持突起28の内周面に面する面である。当接面43は、互いに当接し合う面である。
そして、カバー付ナット12のカバー面35とカバー面35と軸方向の第二の側の反対面40とを貫通するようにネジ孔34が形成されている。
本実施形態のカバー付ナット12Bは、スピンドルボルト11に螺合されて、キャビティ24の所定位置に配置した際に、断面矩形状の環状体となる形状とされている。
また、スピンドルボルト11の一端部周囲の空間がカバー付ナット12B自身によって充填される。これにより、カバー付ナット12B周囲に流入する作動流体をより低減することができる。
図9に示すように、第一実施形態の変形例と同様に、一つのカバー付ナット12Bで、2本のスピンドルボルト11に螺合する構成としてもよい。即ち、本変形例のカバー付ナット12Bは、カバー面35の中心角が第二実施形態のカバー付ナット12Bの2倍となっているとともに、周方向に隣り合う二本のスピンドルボルト11に対応した2つのネジ孔34が形成されている。
以下、本発明の第三実施形態のカバー付ナット12Cについて説明する。
図10に示すように、本実施形態のカバー付ナット12Cは、第一実施形態のナット本体部32と同形状のナット本体部32と、第一実施形態のカバー部33と同形状のカバー部33と、カバー部33を延長するかたちでカバー部33に接続された第二カバー部45と、を有している。
また、第二カバー部45は、カバー付ナット12Cを各々のスピンドルボルト11に螺合させた際に、圧縮機ロータ7の軸線Aを中心とした環状体となるように形成されている。即ち、第二カバー部45の主面であり、軸線Aを基準として外側を向く面である外側カバー面45aが他のカバー付ナット12Cと協働して、軸線Aを中心として連続した環状の表面をなす形状である。
以下、本発明の第四実施形態のカバー付ナット12Dについて説明する。
図11に示すように、本実施形態のカバー付ナット12Dは、第一実施形態のナット本体部32と同形状のナット本体部32と、第一実施形態のカバー部33と同形状のカバー部33と、カバー部33を延長するかたちでカバー部33に接続された第三カバー部46と、を有している。
また、第三カバー部46は、カバー付ナット12Dを各々のスピンドルボルト11に螺合させた際に、圧縮機ロータ7の軸線を中心とした環状体となるように形成されている。即ち、第三カバー部46の主面であり、軸線Aを基準として内側を向く面である内側カバー面46aが他のカバー付ナット12Dと協働して、軸線Aを中心として連続した環状の表面をなす形状とされている。
上記実施形態によれば、径方向内周側から流入する作動流体を低減することができる。
例えば、上記各実施形態のネジ孔34はナット本体部32とカバー部33とを貫通しているが、これに限ることはなく、ネジ孔34がナット本体部32のみに形成される構成としてもよい。
2 圧縮機
3 燃焼器
4 タービン
5 タービンロータ
6 タービンケーシング
7 圧縮機ロータ
8 圧縮機ケーシング
10 中間軸(回転部材)
11 スピンドルボルト(ボルト)
12 カバー付ナット(ナット)
13 ナット
14 ディスク(回転部材)
15 圧縮機動翼
16 スピンドルボルト
17 ナット
18 ナット
19 一体化ディスク(回転部材)
20 大径部
20a 第一大径部
20b 第二大径部
21 小径部
22 ボルト挿通孔
24 キャビティ
25 第一側面
26 第二側面
27 小径部外周面
28 ナット保持突起
29 シールフィン突起
30 シールフィン
32 ナット本体部
33 カバー部
34 ネジ孔
35 第一カバー面
36 第一円弧
37 第二円弧
38 直線部
40 反対面
41 第一円弧面
42 第二円弧面
43 当接面
45 第二カバー部
45a 外側カバー面
46 第三カバー部
46a 内側カバー面
50 タービンディスク
51 タービン動翼
52 圧縮機静翼
53 内側シュラウド
54 シール材
A 軸線
C 環状体
E 流体の渦
NA ナットの中心軸
Claims (9)
- 軸線が延びる軸方向に複数の回転部材が重ねられ、前記軸線を中心とした周方向の複数個所で前記軸方向に複数の前記回転部材を貫通する複数のボルトの第一の側の端部に螺合されるナットであって、
前記ナットの表面のうちで、少なくとも前記ボルトの第一の側とは反対側の第二の側を向く面とは反対側の面である第一カバー面が、他のナットの前記第一カバー面と協働して、前記軸線を中心として連続した環状の表面をなす形状であるナット。 - 前記ナットは、ネジ孔を有するナット本体部と、前記ナット本体部に取り付けられる板状のカバー部とを有し、前記カバー部が前記第一カバー面をなす請求項1に記載のナット。
- 前記第一カバー面は平面である請求項1又は請求項2に記載のナット。
- 前記第一カバー面は、前記軸線に対して垂直である請求項3に記載のナット。
- 前記表面のうちで、前記軸線を基準として外側を向く面である外側カバー面が、他のナットの前記外側カバー面と協働して、前記軸線を中心として連続した環状の表面をなす形状である請求項1から請求項4のいずれか一項に記載のナット。
- 前記表面のうちで、前記軸線を基準として内側を向く面である内側カバー面が、他のナットの前記内側カバー面と協働して、前記軸線を中心として連続した環状の表面をなす形状である請求項1から請求項4のいずれか一項に記載のナット。
- 前記ナットは前記軸線とネジ孔の中心軸を含む面に対して面対称となるように形成されている請求項1から請求項6のいずれか一項に記載のナット。
- 前記ボルトの前記第一の側の端部が螺合するネジ孔が複数形成されている請求項1から請求項6のいずれか一項に記載のナット。
- 回転体を備え、
前記回転体は、複数の前記回転部材と、複数の前記ボルトと、請求項1から請求項8のいずれか一項に記載の複数の前記ナットを有し、
複数の前記回転部材が複数の前記ボルト及び複数の前記ナットにより相互に締結されている回転機械。
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CN201480056860.5A CN105658968B (zh) | 2013-10-29 | 2014-10-24 | 旋转机械 |
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Patent Citations (4)
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JPH0192510U (ja) * | 1987-12-11 | 1989-06-16 | ||
JPH0558929U (ja) * | 1992-01-17 | 1993-08-03 | 株式会社サンノハシ | プレートナットのガタ防止構造 |
JPH0842540A (ja) * | 1994-06-09 | 1996-02-13 | Westinghouse Air Brake Co | 締結具組立体 |
JP2001323820A (ja) * | 2000-05-15 | 2001-11-22 | Hitachi Ltd | ガスタービン圧縮機ロータ構造 |
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JP6096639B2 (ja) | 2017-03-15 |
CN105658968B (zh) | 2017-09-15 |
JP2015086912A (ja) | 2015-05-07 |
US20160258292A1 (en) | 2016-09-08 |
DE112014004932T5 (de) | 2016-07-21 |
CN105658968A (zh) | 2016-06-08 |
US10273806B2 (en) | 2019-04-30 |
KR101930600B1 (ko) | 2018-12-18 |
KR20160058929A (ko) | 2016-05-25 |
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