WO2015053317A1 - ギ酸の脱水素化に用いる触媒、ギ酸の脱水素化方法、水素製造方法 - Google Patents
ギ酸の脱水素化に用いる触媒、ギ酸の脱水素化方法、水素製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015053317A1 WO2015053317A1 PCT/JP2014/076953 JP2014076953W WO2015053317A1 WO 2015053317 A1 WO2015053317 A1 WO 2015053317A1 JP 2014076953 W JP2014076953 W JP 2014076953W WO 2015053317 A1 WO2015053317 A1 WO 2015053317A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- formic acid
- ion
- group
- formate
- catalyst
- Prior art date
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- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 207
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 28
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- -1 alkoxide ion Chemical class 0.000 claims description 42
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 4
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002097 pentamethylcyclopentadienyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001174 sulfone group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002373 5 membered heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 23
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 13
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 11
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 238000002330 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical compound N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium ion Chemical compound [K+] NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001422 barium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- SXDBWCPKPHAZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M bromate Inorganic materials [O-]Br(=O)=O SXDBWCPKPHAZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001427 strontium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PWYYWQHXAPXYMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium(2+) Chemical compound [Sr+2] PWYYWQHXAPXYMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIWGJFPJRAEKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2H-benzotriazol-5-yl)-3-methyl-8-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carbonyl]-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione Chemical compound CN1C(=O)N(c2ccc3n[nH]nc3c2)C2(CCN(CC2)C(=O)c2cnc(NCc3cccc(OC(F)(F)F)c3)nc2)C1=O YIWGJFPJRAEKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RYICMLLGGGWYRR-IBQCAYGUSA-N CCC(C)C1NC(C)[C@@H]2[C@H](C)C1(C)CC2 Chemical compound CCC(C)C1NC(C)[C@@H]2[C@H](C)C1(C)CC2 RYICMLLGGGWYRR-IBQCAYGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[1-oxo-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propan-2-yl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(C(C)NC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-oxo-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VCUFZILGIRCDQQ-KRWDZBQOSA-N N-[[(5S)-2-oxo-3-(2-oxo-3H-1,3-benzoxazol-6-yl)-1,3-oxazolidin-5-yl]methyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C1O[C@H](CN1C1=CC2=C(NC(O2)=O)C=C1)CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F VCUFZILGIRCDQQ-KRWDZBQOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004280 Sodium formate Substances 0.000 description 1
- JAWMENYCRQKKJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-ylmethyl)-1-oxa-2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-2-en-8-yl]-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]methanone Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)CC1=NOC2(C1)CCN(CC2)C(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F JAWMENYCRQKKJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940006461 iodide ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229940035429 isobutyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 125000002960 margaryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001196 nonadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002958 pentadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Substances OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHIWWQKSHDUIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-M periodate Chemical compound [O-]I(=O)(=O)=O KHIWWQKSHDUIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005504 petroleum refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940085991 phosphate ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium formate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C=O HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019254 sodium formate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003509 tertiary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylammonium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylammonium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ANEFWEBMQHRDLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl) borate Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1OB(OC=1C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=1F)F)OC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F ANEFWEBMQHRDLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
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- B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
- B01J31/1805—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing nitrogen
- B01J31/181—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine
- B01J31/1815—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine with more than one complexing nitrogen atom, e.g. bipyridyl, 2-aminopyridine
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- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
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- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
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- B01J2231/763—Dehydrogenation of -CH-XH (X= O, NH/N, S) to -C=X or -CX triple bond species
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- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a catalyst used for dehydrogenation of formic acid, a method for dehydrogenating formic acid using the catalyst, and a method for producing hydrogen.
- Hydrogen (H 2 ) is produced about 500 billion Nm 3 worldwide, and is used for various purposes such as petroleum refining and ammonia production, and attracts attention as a future clean energy.
- a fuel cell can efficiently supply power by supplying hydrogen from the outside.
- hydrogen is a highly reactive gas, it is difficult to transport and store, and a safe and low-cost transport and storage technique is required for its stable supply.
- poisoning substances on the surface of the electrode catalyst due to carbon monoxide become a problem, and therefore it is generally required to supply high-purity hydrogen whose carbon monoxide is 10 ppm or less.
- a method for storing hydrogen As a method for storing hydrogen, a method of storing in a cylinder or the like as a high-pressure gas is generally used. However, this method has problems such as safety during high-pressure gas transportation and hydrogen embrittlement of the container. In addition, there is a method of storing hydrogen gas in the form of liquid hydrogen at an extremely low temperature. However, a large amount of energy is consumed in the liquefaction process, and liquid hydrogen loss due to vaporization of 3 to 6% per day is a problem.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 In recent years, many dehydrogenation reactions of formic acid with metal complex catalysts have been reported (Patent Documents 1 and 2, Non-Patent Documents 1 to 8). These hardly generate carbon monoxide as a by-product when hydrogen is generated by dehydrogenation of formic acid. However, most of these required organic solvents and amine additives. On the other hand, in a reaction example in water without using an organic additive, low catalyst activity and durability were problems (Patent Documents 3 to 7, Non-Patent Documents 9 to 12). Apart from these reports, the present inventors have found a catalyst that exhibits extremely high performance in the dehydrogenation reaction of formic acid in organic additive-free water. However, these catalysts are easily decomposed under high-concentration formic acid solution and high-temperature reaction conditions, so that the catalyst durability has been a problem. (Patent Documents 8 to 14, Non-Patent Documents 13 to 21).
- Hull, Jonathan F . Himeda, Yuichiro; Wang, Wan-Hui; Hashiguchi, Brian; Periana, Roy; Szalda, David Wang, Wan-Hui; Hull, Jonathan F .; Muckerman, James T .; Fujita, Etsuko; Takuji, Hirose; Himeda, Yicic, Chemistry-A European Journal
- An object of the present invention is to provide a catalyst capable of producing hydrogen by dehydrogenation of formic acid with high efficiency, high energy efficiency, high selectivity, and high durability even under high temperature reaction conditions in a high concentration formic acid solution. . Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for producing hydrogen by dehydrogenation of formic acid, which can be carried out with high efficiency, simple operation, and low cost using the catalyst, and the amount of hydrogen necessary for a hydrogen consuming apparatus such as a fuel cell. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing high-pressure hydrogen that does not contain carbon monoxide so that it can be stably and continuously supplied.
- the present inventors have obtained a bidentate ligand composed of an aromatic hetero 5-membered ring containing two or more nitrogen atoms represented by the following formula (1). Or a bidentate comprising a 5-membered aromatic heterocycle containing two or more nitrogen atoms represented by the following formula (2) and a 6-membered aromatic heterocycle containing one or more nitrogen atoms.
- a metal complex having a ligand is useful for the dehydrogenation reaction of formic acid, and has completed the present invention, and the present invention comprises the following technical means.
- a bidentate ligand consisting of an aromatic hetero 5-membered ring containing two or more nitrogen atoms represented by formula (1), or two or more nitrogen atoms represented by formula (2) Formic acid and / or formate containing, as an active ingredient, a complex having a bidentate ligand consisting of a 5-membered aromatic heterocycle and a 6-membered ring containing at least one nitrogen atom, its isomer, or salt Used in the dehydrogenation reaction.
- M 1 and M 2 are transition metals of iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, cobalt, osmium, nickel, iron, palladium or platinum
- X 1 to X 16 are each independently nitrogen or carbon
- R 1 to R 13 are each independently a hydrogen atom, alkyl group, hydroxy group (—OH), alkoxy group (—OR), nitro group, halogen group, sulfone group, carboxylic acid group, alkylamino group, or phenyl
- a group or adjacent Rs may form a ring, and when it has a substituent, the substituent may be one or plural, provided that X i (where i is from 13 to 16 ) be a nitrogen, R i of the position of the nitrogen does not exist.
- L 1 and L 2 are aromatic anionic ligands or aromatic ligands, and when having a substituent, the substituent may be one or more, Z 1 and Z 2 are any ligand or absent, m and n are positive integers, 0, or negative integers.
- Z 1 or Z 2 is a water molecule, hydrogen atom, alkoxide ion, hydroxide ion, halide ion, carbonate ion, trifluoromethanesulfonate ion, sulfate ion, nitrate ion, formate ion or acetate ion.
- [5] Dehydrogenation of formic acid and / or formate according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the complex has a structure represented by the following formula (3) or (4): Catalyst used in the reaction.
- X 1 to X 16 , R 1 to R 13 , Z 1 to Z 2 , m and n are the same as in the above formula (1) or (2).
- R 1 to R 13 , Z 1 to Z 2 , m and n are the same as those in the formula (1) or (2).
- the catalyst used for the dehydrogenation reaction of formic acid and / or formate according to [6] wherein the complex has a structure represented by any of the following formulas (13) to (21).
- [8] A method for dehydrogenating formic acid or / and formate by reacting with a solution containing formic acid or / and formate in the presence of the catalyst according to any one of [1] to [7].
- Hydrogen is produced by dehydrogenating formic acid or / and formate by reacting with a solution containing formic acid or / and formate in the presence of the catalyst according to any one of [1] to [7] how to.
- the present invention can include the following aspects.
- the complex of the present invention its isomer or salt is used as a catalyst, it is highly efficient, high energy efficient, highly selective and durable, and does not contain carbon monoxide by dehydrogenation of formic acid or formate. Gas can be provided. Further, by using the dehydrogenation method of the present invention, it is possible to easily regenerate hydrogen from formic acid or formate which is a liquid fuel suitable for transportation and storage.
- the complex catalyst of the present invention has extremely high durability compared with the complex catalysts described in Patent Documents 12 to 14, and can maintain high catalyst performance stable for a long time in a high-concentration formic acid solution under high-temperature reaction conditions. It has high catalytic performance.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the progress of the amount of gas generated by dehydrogenation of formic acid in the dehydrogenation reaction of formic acid with a complex catalyst (18) using an 8M formic acid aqueous solution.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing changes in reaction rate due to pH in the dehydrogenation reaction of formic acid using the complex catalyst (18).
- Figure 3 shows the amount of gas generated and the course of pressure generated by a mononuclear catalyst (18) using a 8M aqueous formic acid solution (50mL) at a reaction temperature of 80 ° C in a closed glass autoclave under a back pressure valve pressure of 2MPa. It is a graph.
- Figure 4 shows the generation ratio of carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas generated in a closed glass autoclave at a reaction temperature of 80 ° C and a mononuclear catalyst (18) using an 8M aqueous formic acid solution (50mL) under a back pressure valve pressure of 2MPa. It is the graph which showed progress.
- formic acid or / and formate refers to formic acid alone, formate alone, or a mixture of formic acid and formate, or a mixture of formic acid or formate and acid or base.
- hydrogen and carbon dioxide are efficiently generated by the dehydrogenation reaction of formic acid and / or formate represented by the following formula.
- carbon monoxide and water may be by-produced by the decarbonylation reaction of formic acid.
- the formic acid dehydrogenation catalyst of the present invention is highly selective and highly efficient with only formic acid dehydrogenation reaction. As a result, hydrogen gas containing no carbon monoxide can be produced.
- examples of the transition metal represented by M 1 and M 2 include iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, cobalt, osmium, nickel, iron, palladium, and platinum.
- iridium is preferred.
- the substituents for R 1 to R 13 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a hydroxy group (—OH), or an alkoxy group (—OR).
- a nitro group, a halogen group, a sulfone group, a carboxylic acid group, an alkylamino group, or a phenyl group, or adjacent Rs may form a ring.
- One or more groups may be used. (However, when X i (i is 13 to 16) is nitrogen, there is no R i at the nitrogen position.) In particular, it is a hydroxy group (—OH) or an oxyanion group (—O ⁇ ). It is desirable.
- X 1 to X 4 , X 5 to X 8 and X 9 to X 12 are each independently at least one nitrogen atom, Other than these are carbon atoms.
- X 13 to X 16 are a nitrogen atom or a carbon atom.
- the aromatic anion ligand represented by L 1 and L 2 or the substituent on the aromatic ligand is a hydrogen atom, a methyl group Or an optional substituent.
- the optional substituent include an aromatic group, a hydroxy group (—OH), an ester group (—COOR), an amide group (—CONRR ′), a halogen (—X), an alkoxy group (—OR), and an alkylthio group.
- —SR amino group
- —NRR ′ carboxylic acid group (—COOH), nitro group, or sulfonic acid group (—SO 3 H), which may be the same or different.
- Particularly preferred are pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ligands all substituted with methyl groups.
- the ligand represented by Z 1 or Z 2 includes water molecule, hydrogen atom, alkoxide ion, hydroxide ion, halide ion, carbonate ion. , A trifluoromethanesulfonate ion, a sulfate ion, a nitrate ion, a formate ion, or an acetate ion, or may be absent.
- the alkoxide ion is not particularly limited.
- alkoxide ions derived from methanol, ethanol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, or the like can be used. Can be mentioned.
- the ligand Z 1 or Z 2 becomes a water molecule (—OH 2 ) in an acidic aqueous solution and becomes —OH in an alkaline aqueous solution. Also, it easily becomes a hydrogen atom in the presence of hydrogen gas or formic acid molecules. In an alcohol solvent, it becomes an alkoxide ion and may be desorbed by light or heat.
- this description is only an example of a possible mechanism and does not limit the present invention.
- n and n are positive integers, 0, or negative integers.
- the counter ions are not particularly limited.
- the anions include hexafluorophosphate ions (PF 6 ⁇ ), tetrafluoroborate ions ( BF 4 -), hydroxide ions (OH -), acetate ion, carbonate ion, phosphate ion, sulfate ion, nitrate ion, halide ion (e.g. fluoride ion (F -), chloride ion (Cl -) , a bromide ion (Br -), iodide ion (I -), etc.), hypohalous acid ion (e.g.
- hypofluorite ion hypochlorite ion, hypobromous acid ion, hypoiodous ion
- Halite ions for example, fluorite ions, chlorite ions, bromate ions, iodate ions, etc.
- halogen acid ions for example, fluorate ions, chlorate ions, bromate ions, iodate ions, etc.
- Perhalogenated ion E.g.
- perfluorinated acid ion perchloric acid ion, perbromic acid ion, periodic acid ion, etc.
- trifluoromethanesulfonate ion OSO 2 CF 3 -
- tetrakis pentafluorophenyl borate ion [B (C 6 F 5 ) 4 -]
- the cation is not particularly limited, but various metal ions such as lithium ion, magnesium ion, sodium ion, potassium ion, calcium ion, barium ion, strontium ion, yttrium ion, scandium ion, lanthanoid ion, hydrogen ion, etc. Can be mentioned.
- These counter ions may be one type, but two or more types may coexist. However, this description is only an example of a possible mechanism and does not limit the present invention.
- the alkyl group is not particularly limited.
- a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, and a tert-butyl group examples include pentyl group, hexyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, nonyl group, decyl group, undecyl group, dodecyl group, tridecyl group, tetradecyl group, pentadecyl group, hexadecyl group, heptadecyl group, octadecyl group, nonadecyl group, icosyl group, etc.
- halogen refers to any halogen element, and examples thereof include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
- any isomer may be used unless otherwise limited.
- propyl group either an n-propyl group or an isopropyl group may be used.
- n-butyl group any of n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group and tert-butyl group may be used.
- this description is only an example of a possible mechanism and does not limit the present invention.
- the catalyst of the present invention contains a complex represented by any one of the general formulas (1) to (21), a tautomer or stereoisomer thereof, or a salt thereof as an active ingredient, and dehydration of formic acid or formate. It is a catalyst used in a method for hydrogenation (or a method for producing hydrogen) and a method for producing hydrogen.
- the active component of the catalyst is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of complexes represented by any one of the general formulas (1) to (21), tautomers, stereoisomers, and salts thereof. Consists of. For example, one or more compounds of the active ingredient may be used as they are as the complex catalyst of the present invention, or a mixture of these isomers may be used. Further, other components may be added as appropriate (preferably, less than 10 wt%).
- the complex catalyst of the present invention has an aromatic hetero 5-membered ring skeleton in which any one of the aromatic rings constituting the ligand has two or more nitrogen atoms. Due to the effect of the ligand, formic acid The efficiency of the dehydrogenation reaction is significantly improved.
- a bipyridine complex that is a bidentate ligand having a 6-membered ring skeleton similar to the complex catalysts represented by the general formulas (1) to (2) exhibits extremely low catalytic performance in the formic acid dehydrogenation reaction. No (see Comparative Example 1).
- the method for dehydrogenating formic acid of the present invention comprises a catalyst comprising the complex catalyst of the present invention, a tautomer or stereoisomer thereof, or a salt thereof as an active ingredient and formic acid or / and formic acid. At least one step selected from the group consisting of the step of stirring the solution containing the salt and the step of heating the solution. That is, for example, the complex catalyst of the present invention may be added to a solution containing formic acid and / or formate and stirred as it is or heated as necessary. In the case of heating, the temperature is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 0 to 300 ° C, preferably 20 to 120 ° C, more preferably 60 to 100 ° C.
- the method for collecting the generated hydrogen is not particularly limited, and a known method such as water replacement or upward replacement can be appropriately used.
- formic acid and formate can be dehydrogenated under pressure using a sealable reaction vessel.
- the gas pressure in the reaction vessel is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 0 to 100 MPa, preferably 1 to 10 MPa.
- high-pressure hydrogen gas can be supplied spontaneously without being pressurized by external energy.
- the concentration of the complex catalyst has no particular upper and lower limits, but depends on the reaction rate, the solubility of the complex in the reaction solution and the economic efficiency. Suitable catalyst concentrations are 1x10 -9 to 1x10 -1 M, preferably 1x10 -7 to 1x10 -4 M.
- the substance amount ratio (number ratio) of the complex molecule and formic acid molecule is not particularly limited.
- the formic acid molecule: complex molecule is 100. : 1 to 1: 100000000, but is not limited to this.
- continuous hydrogen production is possible by adding additional formic acid molecules during the reaction or continuously dropping them.
- the formic acid molecule in the present invention includes formic acid and formate, and a single or a mixture thereof may be used.
- the pH is generally used in the range of 1 to 9 (preferably 1 to 6), but formic acid may be dehydrogenated outside this range by adding an acid or a base.
- the counter cation is not particularly limited.
- the cation includes lithium ion, magnesium ion, sodium ion, potassium ion, calcium ion, barium ion, strontium ion, yttrium ion, scandium ion, or Examples include various metal ions such as lanthanoid ions or ammonium ions, tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, and the like. These counter ions may be one kind, but may be two or more kinds.
- the complex of the present invention, its tautomer or stereoisomer, or a salt thereof can be used as a formic acid dehydrogenation catalyst, for example, in a formic acid fuel cell.
- the formic acid dehydrogenation catalyst of the present invention may be contained inside the cell, and a mechanism for dehydrogenating formic acid by the above method to generate hydrogen may be included.
- the specific structure is not particularly limited, and for example, a known fuel cell structure or the like can be appropriately applied.
- the use of the formic acid dehydrogenation catalyst of the present invention is not limited to the above, and can be used in, for example, any technical field that requires supply of hydrogen (H 2 ).
- the reaction solvent used in the formic acid dehydrogenation method of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- water or an organic solvent may be used, or only one kind may be used or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- the complex catalyst of the present invention is soluble in water, it is preferable to use water because it is simple.
- the organic solvent is not particularly limited, but is preferably a highly polar solvent from the viewpoint of the solubility of the complex, etc., nitriles such as acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, benzonitrile, methanol, ethanol, n-propyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol Primary alcohols such as isopropyl alcohol, secondary alcohols such as s-butyl alcohol, tertiary alcohols such as t-butyl alcohol, polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethoxyethane, Examples include ethers such as diethyl ether, amides such as dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide, sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide, and esters such as ethyl acetate.
- the raw material formic acid may be in the form of, for example, a solution or a salt.
- Example 1 [Complex synthesis] (Synthesis of sulfate of complex catalyst represented by general formula (1) or (2)) An equivalent amount of [Cp * Ir (H 2 O) 3 ] SO 4 and the corresponding ligand were dissolved in water and stirred at room temperature for 12 hours under an argon stream. The reaction solution was filtered, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the resulting product was dried under reduced pressure at 50 ° C. for 12 hours to obtain the desired product.
- spectrum data of the obtained complex catalyst are shown.
- Example 2 Dehydrogenation reaction of formic acid A solution of the complex catalyst represented by the general formulas (1) to (2) in water was degassed. A 1 M aqueous solution of formic acid (10 mL) was degassed, the catalyst solution prepared above was added, and the mixture was stirred with heating. The amount of gas generated was measured with a gas meter (Shinagawa W-NK-05). The generated gas components are gas chromatography GL Science (GC390), hydrogen is thermal conductivity detector (TCD), carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide are methanizer and hydrogen flame ion detector (FID). It was measured.
- GC390 gas chromatography GL Science
- TCD thermal conductivity detector
- COD carbon dioxide
- COD methanizer
- FID hydrogen flame ion detector
- Rotational efficiency the number of substrates (formic acid) molecules on which one molecule of catalyst acts per hour) Furthermore, when a hydroxyl group exhibiting strong electron donating properties is introduced, the similar complex represented by the general formula (15) in which the hydroxyl group is substituted with respect to the unsubstituted compound represented by the general formula (22) exhibits a TOF which is 5 times or more higher. It was.
- Example 3 Dehydrogenation reaction of formic acid A solution of the complex catalyst represented by the general formula (18) in water was degassed. An 80% aqueous solution of formic acid (10 mL) was degassed, the catalyst solution prepared previously (1 ⁇ mol) was added, and the mixture was heated and stirred. The catalytic reaction proceeded for 150 hours or more, and formic acid was completely decomposed after the reaction. The time course of gas generation is shown in FIG. This complex catalyst was able to express stable catalyst performance without deterioration of the catalyst for one week or more even in a high-concentration formic acid solution.
- Example 4 A solution obtained by dissolving the complex catalyst represented by the general formula (18) in water was degassed. The pH-adjusted 1 M aqueous solution of formic acid / sodium formate (100/0 to 0/100) (10 mL) was degassed, and 100 ⁇ L (1 ⁇ mol) of the previously prepared complex solution was added and stirred at 60 ° C. The reaction rate depending on pH is shown in FIG.
- Example 5 An 8M aqueous formic acid solution (50 mL) containing a complex catalyst (5 ⁇ mol) represented by the general formula (18) was degassed and placed in a glass autoclave. The reaction vessel was heated and stirred at 80 ° C., and the amount of gas generated from the back pressure valve set to 2 MPa was measured (FIGS. 3 and 4). As a result, the catalyst rotation efficiency was extremely high, 34,000 times per hour. Hydrogen and carbon dioxide were generated at a ratio of approximately 1: 1, and it was confirmed that 99% or more of formic acid was decomposed after the reaction. This result indicates that the complex catalyst generates hydrogen without deterioration even under high temperature conditions of 80 ° C. and intense reaction conditions of 2 MPa high pressure in a high concentration formic acid aqueous solution.
- a metal complex having a bidentate ligand composed of an aromatic hetero 5-membered ring containing two or more nitrogen atoms has extremely high catalytic activity and durability in hydrogen production by formic acid dehydrogenation. Indicated. Therefore, if a metal complex having a bidentate ligand composed of an aromatic hetero 5-membered ring containing two or more nitrogen atoms according to the present invention is used, hydrogen can be easily produced from formic acid which is easy to store and transport. Can do. In particular, high-pressure hydrogen can be generated without a by-product of carbon monoxide by the selective dehydrogenation of formic acid, so that hydrogen can be supplied as a fuel for the fuel cell without using a gas reformer.
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Abstract
Description
さらに、本発明は、該触媒を用い高効率・簡便な操作・安価に実施できるギ酸の脱水素化による水素の製造方法を提供することとともに、燃料電池等の水素消費装置に必要な水素量を安定して連続的に供給できるように、一酸化炭素をふくまない高圧水素を製造する方法の提供を課題とする。
[1]式(1)で表される窒素原子が2個以上含まれた芳香族複素5員環からなる2座配位子、または式(2)で表される窒素原子が2個以上含まれた芳香族複素5員環と窒素原子が1個以上含まれた6員環からなる2座配位子をもつ錯体、その異性体、または塩を有効成分として含む、ギ酸または/およびギ酸塩の脱水素化反応に用いる触媒。
M1およびM2は、イリジウム、ロジウム、ルテニウム、コバルト、オスミニウム、ニッケル、鉄、パラジウムまたは白金の遷移金属であり、
X1~X16は、それぞれ独立に、窒素または炭素であり、
R1~R13は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、ヒドロキシ基(-OH)、アルコキシ基(-OR)、ニトロ基、ハロゲン基、スルホン基、カルボン酸基、アルキルアミノ基、もしくはフェニル基、または、隣り合ったR同士で環を形成しても良く、置換基を有している場合は、前記置換基は1つでも複数でも良く、〔ただし、Xi(iが13から16)が窒素である場合、その窒素の位置のRiは存在しない。〕
L1およびL2は、芳香族性アニオン配位子、もしくは芳香族性配位子であり、置換基を有している場合は、前記置換基は1つでも複数でも良く、
Z1およびZ2は、任意の配位子であるか、または存在せず、
mおよびnは、正の整数、0、または負の整数である。
[2]M1またはM2が、イリジウムである[1]記載のギ酸または/およびギ酸塩の脱水素化反応に用いる触媒。
[3]L1またはL2が、ペンタメチルシクロペンタジエニル配位子である[1]~[2]のいずれか1項に記載のギ酸または/およびギ酸塩の脱水素化反応に用いる触媒。
[4]Z1またはZ2が、水分子、水素原子、アルコキシドイオン、水酸化物イオン、ハロゲン化物イオン、炭酸イオン、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸イオン、硫酸イオン、硝酸イオン、ギ酸イオン、もしくは酢酸イオンであるか、または存在しない[1]~[3]のいずれか1項に記載のギ酸または/およびギ酸塩の脱水素化反応に用いる触媒。
[5]前記錯体が下記式(3)または(4)で表される構造を有するものである[1]~[4]のいずれか1項に記載のギ酸または/およびギ酸塩の脱水素化反応に用いる触媒。
[6]前記錯体が下記式(5)~(12)のいずれかで表される構造を有するものである[5]に記載のギ酸または/およびギ酸塩の脱水素化反応に用いる触媒。
[7]前記錯体が下記式(13)~(21)のいずれかで表される構造を有するものである[6]に記載のギ酸または/およびギ酸塩の脱水素化反応に用いる触媒。
[9][1]~[7]のいずれか1項に記載の触媒の存在下、ギ酸または/およびギ酸塩を含む溶液と反応させることによってギ酸または/およびギ酸塩を脱水素化し水素を製造する方法。
[10]上記反応が、ギ酸または/およびギ酸塩の濃度2M以上で行われる[8]または[9]に記載の方法。
[11]上記反応が、ギ酸または/およびギ酸塩の濃度5M以上で行われる[8]、[9]、または[10]に記載の方法。
[12]上記反応が70℃以上の条件下で行われる[8]、[9]、[10]、[11]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[13]上記反応が80℃以上の条件下で行われる[8]、[9]、[10]、~[12]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[14]上記反応が0.2MPa以上の条件下で行われる[8]、[9]、[10]、~[13]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[15]上記反応が1MPa以上の条件下で行われる[8]、[9]、[10]、~[14]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[錯体合成]
(一般式(1)または(2)で示される錯体触媒の硫酸塩の合成)
等量の[Cp*Ir(H2O)3]SO4と対応する配位子を水に溶解して、アルゴン気流下室温で12時間撹拌した。反応液を濾過し、ろ液を減圧下濃縮し、得られた生成物を減圧下50℃で12時間乾燥し、目的物を得た。
以下、得られた錯体触媒のスペクトルデータを示す。
下記式(22)のスペクトルデータを以下に示す。
下記式(23)のスペクトルデータを以下に示す。
下記式(24)のスペクトルデータを以下に示す。
下記式(25)のスペクトルデータを以下に示す。
下記式(26)のスペクトルデータを以下に示す。
下記式(27)のスペクトルデータを以下に示す。
(15)のスペクトルデータを以下に示す。
1H NMR(D2O,400MHz):7.38(s,1H),7.19(s,1H),6.01(s,1H),1.63(s,15H).1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz):10.89(s,1H),7.86(s,1H),7.57(s,1H),6.12(s,1H),1.69(s,15H);ESI-MS(+):m/z505.2[M-H2O-H]+.
(16)のスペクトルデータを以下に示す。
1H NMR(D2O,400MHz):8.68(d,J=3.2Hz,1H),8.37(d,J=3.2Hz,1H),8.00(t,J=4.0Hz,1H),7.42(d,J=8Hz,1H),6.98(t,J=3.2Hz,2H),1.69(s,15H);13C NMR(D2O,125MHz):δ=164.09,146.86,145.24,143.88,132.22,112.45,110.61,101.99,89.77,8.97.ESI-MS(+):m/z488.1[M-H2O-H]+.
(17)のスペクトルデータを以下に示す。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz):11.38(s,1H),8.65(s,1H),8.45(s,1H),7.03(s,1H),5.29(s,1H),1.73(s,15H);13C NMR(DMSO-d6,125MHz):169.56,168.59,145.18,133.44,111.97,96.26,87.89,8.83;ESI-MS:505.1[M-H2O-H]+. Anal. Calc. for C17H23IrN4O7S・0.5H2O: C 32.48, H 3.85, N 8.91. Found: C 32.62, H 3.63, N 8.66.
(18)のスペクトルデータを以下に示す。
1H NMR (D2O, 400 MHz): d = 7.38 (s, 1H), 7.19 (s, 1H), 6.01 (s, 1H), 1.63 (s, 15H). 1H NMR (d6-DMSO, 400 MHz): 10.89 (s, 1H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.57 (s, 1H), 6.12 (s, 1H), 1.69 (s, 15H). 13C NMR (d6-DMSO, 125 MHz): d =168.71, 157.91, 127.47, 123.18, 95.95, 87.73, 84.72, 55.90, 8.99. ESI-MS(+): m/z 505.2 [M-H2O-H]+.
一般式(1)から(2)で示される錯体触媒を水に溶かした溶液を脱気した。1Mギ酸の水溶液(10mL)を脱気し、先に調整した触媒溶液を加えて、加熱撹拌した。発生するガス量をガスメーター(Shinagawa W-NK-05)で測定した。また、発生したガス成分は、ガスクロマトグラフィーGLサイエンス(GC390)で、水素は熱伝導度検出器(TCD)で、二酸化炭素および一酸化炭素はメタナイザーおよび水素炎イオン検出器(FID)を用いて測定した。その結果、水素と二酸化炭素は1:1の割合で発生し、一酸化炭素は検出できなかった(検出限界10ppm以下)。表1に示す反応の結果から、本発明で見出した5員環を含む配位子を有する触媒は、いずれも高い触媒活性を示した。また、非特許文献18で記載されているように、ギ酸の脱水素化反応において、触媒配位子上の置換基の電子供与性効果によって、触媒が活性されることが分かっている。この知見から、一般式(25)で示される錯体に4つのメチル基を導入した一般式(26)で示される錯体は、一般式(25)で示される錯体に比べて1.75倍高いTOF(触媒回転効率:1時間当たり触媒1分子が作用する基質(ギ酸)分子数)を示した。さらに、強い電子供与性を示す水酸基を導入すると、一般式(22)で示される無置換体に対し、水酸基を置換した一般式(15)で示される類似錯体は、5倍以上高いTOFを示した。
一般式(18)で示される錯体触媒を水に溶かした溶液を脱気した。80%ギ酸の水溶液(10mL)を脱気し、先に調整した触媒溶液(1μmol)を加えて、加熱撹拌した。150時間以上触媒反応が進行し、反応後ギ酸は完全に分解された。ガス発生の時間経過を図1に示す。本錯体触媒は、高濃度ギ酸溶液中でも1週間以上の触媒が劣化することなく、安定した触媒性能を発現することができた。
一般式(18)で示される錯体触媒を水に溶かした溶液を脱気した。pHを調整した1Mのギ酸/ギ酸ナトリウム(100/0から0/100)水溶液(10mL)を脱気して、先に調整した錯体溶液100μL(1μmol)を加えて、60℃で撹拌した。pHに依存した反応速度を図2に示す。
一般式(18)で示される錯体触媒(5μmol)を含んだ8Mのギ酸水溶液(50mL)脱気し、ガラスオートクレーブに入れた。反応容器を80℃で加熱撹拌し、2MPaに設定した背圧弁から発生するガス量とガスの比率を測定した(図3及び4)。この結果、触媒回転効率は1時間あたり34000回と極めて高い触媒性能を示した。また、水素と二酸化炭素は、ほぼ1:1の割合で発生し、反応後ギ酸は99%以上分解されていることを確認した。この結果は、高濃度ギ酸水溶液中、80℃の高温条件、2MPaの高圧の激しい反応条件でも、錯体触媒が劣化することなく、水素を生成することを示している。
一般式(28)で示される類似の無置換ビピリジン錯体触媒を用いたギ酸の脱水素化反応(1Mギ酸水溶液、反応温度60℃)では、TOFは30であった。本発明で見出した触媒は、同一反応条件下この値を大きく上回る高い触媒活性を示した。また、一般式(28)で示される錯体の配位子上に水酸基を置換して活性化させた一般式(29)で示される錯体触媒のTOFは1800であったことから、本発明により配位子上の5員環基本骨格だけで、優れた触媒性能を示す触媒を設計できることが分かった。実際、触媒配位子に水酸基を導入した一般式(18)で示される錯体触媒が最も高い触媒性能を示した。
Claims (9)
- 式(1)で表される窒素原子が2個以上含まれた芳香族複素5員環からなる2座配位子、または式(2)で表される窒素原子が2個以上含まれた芳香族複素5員環と窒素原子が1個以上含まれた6員環からなる2座配位子をもつ錯体、その異性体、または塩を有効成分として含む、ギ酸または/およびギ酸塩の脱水素化反応に用いる触媒。
M1およびM2は、イリジウム、ロジウム、ルテニウム、コバルト、オスミニウム、ニッケル、鉄、パラジウムまたは白金の遷移金属であり、
X1~X16は、それぞれ独立に、窒素または炭素であり、
R1~R13は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、ヒドロキシ基(-OH)、アルコキシ基(-OR)、ニトロ基、ハロゲン基、スルホン基、カルボン酸基、アルキルアミノ基、もしくはフェニル基、または、隣り合ったR同士で環を形成しても良く、置換基を有している場合は、前記置換基は1つでも複数でも良く、〔ただし、Xi(iが13から16)が窒素である場合、その窒素の位置のRiは存在しない。〕
L1およびL2は、芳香族性アニオン配位子、もしくは芳香族性配位子であり、置換基を有している場合は、前記置換基は1つでも複数でも良く、
Z1およびZ2は、任意の配位子であるか、または存在せず、
mおよびnは、正の整数、0、または負の整数である。 - M1またはM2が、イリジウムである請求項1に記載のギ酸または/およびギ酸塩の脱水素化反応に用いる触媒。
- L1またはL2が、ペンタメチルシクロペンタジエニル配位子である請求項1または2に記載のギ酸または/およびギ酸塩の脱水素化反応に用いる触媒。
- Z1またはZ2が、水分子、水素原子、アルコキシドイオン、水酸化物イオン、ハロゲン化物イオン、炭酸イオン、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸イオン、硫酸イオン、硝酸イオン、ギ酸イオン、もしくは酢酸イオンであるか、または存在しない請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のギ酸または/およびギ酸塩の脱水素化反応に用いる触媒。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の触媒の存在下、ギ酸または/およびギ酸塩を含む溶液と反応させることによってギ酸または/およびギ酸塩を脱水素化する方法。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の触媒の存在下、ギ酸または/およびギ酸塩を含む溶液と反応させることによってギ酸または/およびギ酸塩を脱水素化し水素を製造する方法。
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