WO2015050177A1 - インフルエンザワクチン乾燥製剤、及び、インフルエンザワクチン乾燥製剤の製造方法 - Google Patents
インフルエンザワクチン乾燥製剤、及び、インフルエンザワクチン乾燥製剤の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015050177A1 WO2015050177A1 PCT/JP2014/076344 JP2014076344W WO2015050177A1 WO 2015050177 A1 WO2015050177 A1 WO 2015050177A1 JP 2014076344 W JP2014076344 W JP 2014076344W WO 2015050177 A1 WO2015050177 A1 WO 2015050177A1
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- influenza vaccine
- influenza
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/26—Carbohydrates, e.g. sugar alcohols, amino sugars, nucleic acids, mono-, di- or oligo-saccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates, sorbitan fatty acid esters or glycyrrhizin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/12—Viral antigens
- A61K39/145—Orthomyxoviridae, e.g. influenza virus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7016—Disaccharides, e.g. lactose, lactulose
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/12—Viral antigens
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/19—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles lyophilised, i.e. freeze-dried, solutions or dispersions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
- A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
- A61P31/16—Antivirals for RNA viruses for influenza or rhinoviruses
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N7/00—Viruses; Bacteriophages; Compositions thereof; Preparation or purification thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/51—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising whole cells, viruses or DNA/RNA
- A61K2039/525—Virus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/555—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by a specific combination antigen/adjuvant
- A61K2039/55511—Organic adjuvants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2760/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA ssRNA viruses negative-sense
- C12N2760/00011—Details
- C12N2760/16011—Orthomyxoviridae
- C12N2760/16034—Use of virus or viral component as vaccine, e.g. live-attenuated or inactivated virus, VLP, viral protein
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2760/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA ssRNA viruses negative-sense
- C12N2760/00011—Details
- C12N2760/16011—Orthomyxoviridae
- C12N2760/16111—Influenzavirus A, i.e. influenza A virus
- C12N2760/16134—Use of virus or viral component as vaccine, e.g. live-attenuated or inactivated virus, VLP, viral protein
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a dry preparation containing an influenza vaccine antigen. More specifically, the present invention relates to a dried influenza vaccine preparation that can stably maintain the activity of an influenza vaccine antigen even when stored without strictly controlling the temperature, and can be stably supplied. The present invention also relates to a method for producing the dried influenza vaccine preparation.
- Influenza is a type of acute infection caused by influenza virus.
- the incubation period until influenza virus develops and influenza is usually 1 to 2 days.
- fever of 38 degrees or more appears and symptoms such as sore throat, cough, and nasal discharge appear in addition to systemic symptoms such as general malaise, headache, joint pain, and muscle pain.
- systemic symptoms such as general malaise, headache, joint pain, and muscle pain.
- Influenza can cause complications such as pneumonia and bronchitis when elderly people, infants, pregnant women, patients with chronic diseases in the respiratory and circulatory systems, diabetics, chronic renal failure patients, etc. It can be serious and fatal.
- influenza is concentrated in a short period of time, it can have a social impact and cause economic losses.
- Influenza vaccine administration is the most effective method for preventing the seriousness of influenza.
- Influenza vaccine preparations are generally liquids used as injections or nasal drops.
- low temperature management so-called cold chain
- influenza varies in time depending on the region, it is prevalent throughout the world, and it is difficult to distribute it to countries and regions where low temperature control is difficult while maintaining the activity of the influenza vaccine antigen.
- influenza vaccine antigens are broadly classified into live attenuated influenza vaccine antigens and inactivated influenza vaccine antigens.
- inactivated influenza vaccine antigens include (1) whole-particle virus inactivated with formalin and the like, (2) split vaccine in which virus particles are pulverized using an organic solvent or a surfactant to solubilize lipid envelopes. It is classified into three types: a subunit vaccine antigen obtained by purifying an antigen, (3) hemagglutinin antigen (HA antigen) and neuramidase antigen (NA antigen). All vaccine antigens are usually prepared by crushing virus particles using an organic solvent or a surfactant and separating or purifying virus proteins according to the type.
- influenza virus particles have a high sterol content and are generally stable. However, if the virus particles are crushed, the lipid material of the virus particles is removed, and the virus proteins are separated or purified, the influenza virus particles will age over the storage period. Problems such as a decrease in titer. Thus, since the split vaccine antigen and the subunit vaccine antigen are not necessarily stable, low temperature control is required in all distribution and storage processes in order to maintain the activity of the influenza vaccine antigen.
- Patent Document 1 describes a method of blending trehalose with live influenza virus, lyophilized, and stored.
- Non-Patent Document 1 describes a method of formulating by blending lactose or trehalose when freeze-drying an inactivated whole virus vaccine antigen of influenza virus.
- Non-Patent Document 2 describes a method in which trehalose is blended with an avian influenza inactivated virus, freeze-dried, and stored.
- Trehalose has been almost exclusively supplied by Hayashibara Co., Ltd. in 1994, since an inexpensive manufacturing method was established. Trehalose is used in various applications all over the world, and the monopoly by one company is concerned about the stable supply. In fact, in 2011, Hayashibara Co., Ltd. applied for the Corporate Rehabilitation Law, which made the supply of trehalose dangerous.
- the present invention provides a dried influenza vaccine preparation that can stably maintain the activity of an influenza vaccine antigen even when stored without strictly controlling the temperature, and can be stably supplied.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing the dried influenza vaccine preparation.
- influenza vaccine antigen is stabilized by one or more selected from the group consisting of laminaribiose, xylobiose, turanose, gentiobiose, rutinose, cordierbiose, nigerose, robinose, neohesperidose, sucralose and maltitol, It has been found that the activity of the influenza vaccine antigen can be stably maintained even if it is stored without strictly controlling the temperature as in a conventional liquid preparation. Moreover, since the influenza vaccine antigen is stabilized by a disaccharide that can be stably supplied at low cost, such a dried influenza vaccine preparation can also be stably supplied
- the present invention is a dried influenza vaccine preparation containing an influenza vaccine antigen and a disaccharide, wherein the disaccharide is sucrose, maltose, palatinose, melibiose, isomalt, cellobiose, allolactose, isomaltose, sophorose, It is a dry preparation of influenza vaccine that is at least one selected from the group consisting of lactobionic acid, laminaribiose, xylobiose, turanose, gentiobiose, rutinose, cordobiose, nigerose, robinose, neohesperidose, sucralose and maltitol.
- the content of the disaccharide is preferably 40 to 600 parts by weight with respect to 1 part by weight of the HA antigen in the influenza vaccine antigen.
- the influenza vaccine antigen is preferably a split vaccine antigen or subunit vaccine antigen, more preferably a split vaccine antigen.
- the disaccharide is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of sucrose, maltose, palatinose and melibiose.
- the present invention is also a method for producing a dried influenza vaccine preparation comprising drying an influenza vaccine antigen-containing aqueous solution containing an influenza vaccine antigen and a disaccharide without heating, wherein the disaccharide comprises sucrose, maltose, Selected from the group consisting of palatinose, melibiose, isomalt, cellobiose, allolactose, isomaltose, sophorose, lactobionic acid, laminaribiose, xylobiose, turanose, gentiobiose, lutinose, cordobiose, nigerose, robinose, neohesperidose, sucralose and maltitol Or a method for producing a dried influenza vaccine preparation.
- the disaccharide content in the influenza vaccine antigen-containing aqueous solution is preferably 2 to 30 w / v%.
- the method of drying without heating is preferably a vacuum drying method or a freeze drying method
- the dried influenza vaccine preparation of the present invention contains an influenza vaccine antigen.
- “Dry preparation” as used herein means a preparation having a water content of 20% by weight or less.
- influenza virus used for the influenza vaccine antigen is not particularly limited, and examples include influenza A virus strains and influenza B virus strains.
- influenza vaccine antigen is not particularly limited, it is prepared by growing virus particles in growing chicken eggs, then crushing the virus particles using an organic solvent or surfactant, and separating or purifying the virus protein according to the type. It is preferably a split vaccine antigen or subunit vaccine antigen, more preferably a split vaccine antigen.
- the type of the split vaccine antigen is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include hemagglutinin (HA) antigen, neuramidase (NA) antigen, matrix (M1) antigen, matrix (M2) antigen, nucleoprotein (NP) antigen and the like.
- HA hemagglutinin
- NA neuramidase
- M1 matrix
- M2 matrix
- NP nucleoprotein
- the influenza vaccine antigen may contain a single virus antigen or two or more kinds of virus antigens.
- the method for producing the influenza vaccine antigen is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known method can be used.
- a virus strain isolated from an influenza patient or an influenza-infected animal may be infected with chicken eggs or cells by a conventional method and cultured, and an influenza vaccine antigen may be produced from the purified virus stock solution.
- an influenza vaccine antigen may be produced using a genetically engineered recombinant virus or a specific antigen produced in various cells.
- the dried influenza vaccine preparation of the present invention contains a disaccharide.
- the above disaccharides are sucrose, maltose, palatinose, melibiose, isomalt, cellobiose, allolactose, isomaltose, sophorose, lactobionic acid, laminaribiose, xylobiose, turanose, gentiobiose, lutinose, cordobiose, nigerose, robinose, neohesperidose, One or more selected from the group consisting of sucralose and maltitol. These disaccharides stabilize the influenza vaccine antigen and dissolve well in water.
- the disaccharide is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of sucrose, maltose, palatinose and melibiose.
- the content of the disaccharide is preferably less than 700 parts by weight and more preferably 40 to 600 parts by weight with respect to 1 part by weight of the HA antigen in the influenza vaccine antigen.
- the content is less than 40 parts by weight, the stabilization effect by the disaccharide may not be sufficiently obtained.
- the content exceeds 600 parts by weight the hygroscopic property of the dried influenza vaccine preparation becomes high, and when stored without strictly controlling the temperature, the activity of the influenza vaccine antigen may be reduced.
- the more preferable lower limit of the content is 80 parts by weight, and the more preferable upper limit is 560 parts by weight.
- the particularly preferable lower limit is 400 parts by weight, and the particularly preferable upper limit is 500 parts by weight.
- the moisture content of the dried influenza vaccine preparation of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is 20% by weight or less, but is preferably 10% by weight or less.
- the activity of the influenza vaccine antigen may be reduced if stored without strictly controlling the temperature.
- the “moisture content” referred to here is determined according to the 16th revised Japanese Pharmacopoeia, General Test Method, Loss on Drying Method, and First Method. That is, it obtains
- the dried influenza vaccine preparation of the present invention can stably maintain the activity of the influenza vaccine antigen even when stored without strictly controlling the temperature, it can be easily distributed and stored as compared with conventional liquid preparations.
- the dried influenza vaccine preparation of the present invention can maintain the activity of the influenza vaccine antigen stably even when stored at a storage temperature of 0 to 50 ° C., for example.
- the more preferable lower limit of the storage temperature is 2 ° C.
- the more preferable upper limit is 40 ° C.
- the method for producing the dried influenza vaccine preparation of the present invention is preferably a method in which an influenza vaccine antigen-containing aqueous solution containing the influenza vaccine antigen and the disaccharide is dried without heating. This is because the influenza vaccine antigen is unstable to heat and is preferably dried without heating.
- the present invention is a method for producing a dried influenza vaccine preparation comprising drying an influenza vaccine antigen-containing aqueous solution containing an influenza vaccine antigen and a disaccharide without heating, wherein the disaccharide comprises sucrose, maltose, Selected from the group consisting of palatinose, melibiose, isomalt, cellobiose, allolactose, isomaltose, sophorose, lactobionic acid, laminaribiose, xylobiose, turanose, gentiobiose, lutinose, cordobiose, nigerose, robinose, neohesperidose, sucralose and maltitol Or a method for producing a dried influenza vaccine preparation.
- the disaccharide comprises sucrose, maltose, Selected from the group consisting of palatinose, melibiose, isomalt, cellobiose, allolactose, isomaltos
- the content of the influenza vaccine antigen in the influenza vaccine antigen-containing aqueous solution is preferably 100 ⁇ g HA / mL or more. If the content is less than 100 ⁇ g HA / mL, the stability of the dried influenza vaccine preparation may deteriorate. A more preferable lower limit of the content is 200 ⁇ g HA / mL.
- the upper limit of the content of the influenza vaccine antigen in the influenza vaccine antigen-containing aqueous solution is not particularly limited, and may exceed 1000 ⁇ g HA / mL.
- the disaccharide content in the influenza vaccine antigen-containing aqueous solution is preferably less than 35 w / v%, more preferably 2 to 30 w / v%.
- the content is less than 2 w / v%, the stabilization effect by the disaccharide may not be sufficiently obtained.
- the content exceeds 30 w / v%, the hygroscopic property of the dried influenza vaccine preparation becomes high, and the activity of the influenza vaccine antigen may be reduced when stored without strictly controlling the temperature. In addition, the crystallization of the disaccharide is promoted, and the activity of the influenza vaccine antigen may be reduced.
- the more preferable lower limit of the content is 4 w / v%, and the more preferable upper limit is 28 w / v%.
- the particularly preferable lower limit is 20 w / v%, and the particularly preferable upper limit is 25 w / v%.
- the method for drying without heating is not particularly limited, but a vacuum drying method or a freeze drying method is preferable, and a freeze drying method is particularly preferable.
- the freeze-drying method is not particularly limited, and a method using a conventionally known freeze-drying apparatus can be used.
- the dried influenza vaccine preparation of the present invention can stably maintain the activity of the influenza vaccine antigen even when stored without strictly controlling the temperature, it can be easily distributed and stored as compared with conventional liquid preparations.
- the influenza vaccine antigen is stabilized by a disaccharide that can be stably supplied at low cost
- the dried influenza vaccine preparation of the present invention can also be stably supplied.
- the dried influenza vaccine preparation of the present invention can be used as it is or dissolved or dispersed in a biologically administrable solvent such as physiological saline or injection water at the time of use, it is suitable for various administration forms. sell.
- a mucosal preparation for administration to the nasal mucosa, oral mucosa, ocular mucosa, otic mucosa, genital mucosa, pharyngeal mucosa, bronchial mucosa, lung mucosa, gastric mucosa, intestinal mucosa or rectal mucosa, or It can be used as an injection.
- Example 1 Freeze-dried influenza HA vaccine formulation
- sucrose manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries
- type A H1N1 A / California / 07/2009, manufactured by the Osaka University Microbial Disease Research Society
- PBS for preparation having the following composition (phosphorus) Acid buffered sodium chloride solution
- an influenza vaccine antigen-containing aqueous solution was prepared so as to be 20 w / v% sucrose, 500 ⁇ g HA / mL influenza HA antigen (400 parts by weight of sucrose with respect to 1 part by weight of influenza HA antigen).
- 10 ⁇ L of the obtained influenza vaccine antigen-containing aqueous solution was dispensed into a 1.5 mL Safelock tube (manufactured by Eppendorf) and lyophilized.
- Example 1 Liquid influenza HA vaccine preparation
- Example 2 Liquid influenza HA vaccine preparation
- a liquid influenza HA vaccine preparation was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the disaccharide was not added, and the influenza vaccine antigen-containing aqueous solution was used as it was without lyophilization.
- Example 2 Freeze-dried influenza HA vaccine formulation
- a lyophilized influenza HA vaccine preparation was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that no disaccharide was added.
- Example 1 Activity measurement of influenza HA vaccine> (1) Preparation of 1 vol% chicken erythrocyte suspension A chicken-preserved blood (manufactured by Nippon Biotest Laboratories) was placed in a centrifuge tube, centrifuged at 900 G for 5 minutes, and then the supernatant and leukocyte layer were removed. Next, PBS for dilution (phosphate buffered sodium chloride solution (pH 7.2)) having the following composition was added to the red blood cells in the centrifuge tube and stirred, followed by centrifugation to remove the supernatant. This operation was repeated three times. The red blood cells in the centrifuge tube were separated and mixed in the container containing the diluted solution to prepare a 1 vol% chicken erythrocyte suspension.
- PBS for dilution phosphate buffered sodium chloride solution (pH 7.2)
- Example 2 Freeze-dried influenza HA vaccine formulation
- Example 2 Freeze-dried influenza HA vaccine formulation
- Example 2 A freeze-dried influenza HA vaccine preparation was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the type or content of disaccharide or the amount of solution before lyophilization was changed as shown in Table 2.
- Example 3 Liquid influenza HA vaccine preparation
- a liquid influenza HA vaccine preparation was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the influenza vaccine antigen-containing aqueous solution was used as it was without lyophilization.
- Example 18 (Freeze-dried influenza HA vaccine formulation) A freeze-dried influenza HA vaccine preparation was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the content of the influenza HA antigen was changed as shown in Table 5.
- Example 22 (Examples 22, 23, and 24) (Freeze-dried influenza HA vaccine formulation) A freeze-dried influenza HA vaccine preparation was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the type and content of the influenza HA antigen were changed as shown in Table 6.
- ⁇ Measurement Example 2 Activity measurement of influenza HA vaccine after storage> After closing the lid of the tube containing the influenza HA vaccine preparation, the tube was placed in a sealed container containing a desiccant and stored at 30 ° C. or 40 ° C. for 1 month.
- the HA titers of influenza HA vaccine preparations that were redissolved by adding 1000 ⁇ L of PBS for preparation having the above composition were measured in the same manner as in Measurement Example 1.
- Example 10 the HA titer of the influenza HA vaccine preparation which was dissolved by adding 50 ⁇ L of distilled water and redissolved and adding PBS for preparation of the above composition to 1000 ⁇ L was measured in the same manner as in Measurement Example 1.
- Example 18, 19, 20, and 21 the HA titers of influenza HA vaccine preparations obtained by adding 800 ⁇ L, 600 ⁇ L, 400 ⁇ L, and 200 ⁇ L of the preparation PBS having the above composition and re-dissolving were measured in the same manner as in Measurement Example 1.
- Example 22 and Comparative Example 8 Example 23 and Comparative Example 9, Example 24, and Comparative Example 10
- PBS for preparation of the above composition was 300 ⁇ L (A type H3N2), 1200 ⁇ L (B type Victoria system), 20000 ⁇ L
- the HA titer of the influenza HA vaccine preparation that was added and re-dissolved was measured in the same manner as in Measurement Example 1.
- the relative values (%) when the HA titer when the liquid influenza HA vaccine preparation of Comparative Example 1 which was not added with disaccharide and was not lyophilized was stored at 5 ° C. was taken as 100% are shown in Tables 2 to Write to 6.
- sucrose manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries
- maltose manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries
- melibiose manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries
- palatinose manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries
- Examples 1 and 6 When maltose is added, maltose is added in an amount of 10 to 40 w / v% (200 to 800 parts by weight of maltose with respect to 1 part by weight of the influenza HA antigen) and the influenza HA antigen is freeze-dried. Was confirmed to be maintained. It was also confirmed that the HA value was stably maintained even when the amount of the solution before lyophilization was changed (Examples 10 and 11).
- influenza HA antigen 1 influenza HA antigen 1
- the influenza HA antigen content influenza HA antigen 1
- the HA value was stably maintained in any of 500 to 2000 parts by weight of sucrose with respect to parts by weight.
- sucrose is 20 w / v% (500 parts by weight of sucrose, 1 part by weight of A-type H3N2, B-type (Victoria strain) 1)
- influenza HA antigen is lyophilized by adding 667 parts by weight of sucrose to 500 parts by weight of sucrose and 500 parts by weight of sucrose to 1 part by weight of type B (Yamagata strain)
- the activity of an influenza vaccine antigen can be maintained stably, and the dried influenza vaccine formulation which can be supplied stably can be provided. Moreover, according to this invention, the manufacturing method of this influenza vaccine dry formulation can be provided.
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Abstract
Description
しかしながら、インフルエンザワクチン液剤を流通させる場合、インフルエンザワクチン抗原の失活を防ぐため、流通及び保存の全工程で低温管理(いわゆるコールドチェーン)が必要となる。インフルエンザは地域により時期は異なるが、世界中で流行しており、低温管理が難しい国や地域に、インフルエンザワクチン抗原の活性を維持したまま、流通させることは困難である。
しかしながら、インフルエンザウイルス粒子はステロール含有量が高く、一般的に安定であるが、ウイルス粒子を粉砕し、ウイルス粒子の脂質物資を除去して、ウイルスタンパク質を分離又は精製した場合、保存期間中に経時的に力価が低下する等の問題が生じる。このようにスプリットワクチン抗原及びサブユニットワクチン抗原は必ずしも安定とはいえないことから、インフルエンザワクチン抗原の活性を維持するため、流通及び保存の全工程で低温管理が必要となっている。
上記二糖の含有量は、インフルエンザワクチン抗原中のHA抗原1重量部に対して40~600重量部であることが好ましい。
上記インフルエンザワクチン抗原は、スプリットワクチン抗原又はサブユニットワクチン抗原であることが好ましく、スプリットワクチン抗原であることがより好ましい。
上記二糖は、スクロース、マルトース、パラチノース及びメリビオースからなる群から選ばれる1種以上であることが好ましい。
また、本発明は、インフルエンザワクチン抗原と、二糖とを含有するインフルエンザワクチン抗原含有水溶液を、非加熱下に乾燥するインフルエンザワクチン乾燥製剤の製造方法であって、上記二糖は、スクロース、マルトース、パラチノース、メリビオース、イソマルト、セロビオース、アロラクトース、イソマルトース、ソホロース、ラクトビオン酸、ラミナリビオース、キシロビオース、ツラノース、ゲンチオビオース、ルチノース、コージビオース、ニゲロース、ロビノース、ネオヘスペリドース、スクラロース及びマルチトールからなる群から選ばれる1種以上であるインフルエンザワクチン乾燥製剤の製造方法である。
上記インフルエンザワクチン抗原含有水溶液における上記二糖の含有量は、2~30w/v%であることが好ましい。
上記非加熱下に乾燥する方法は、減圧乾燥法又は凍結乾燥法であることが好ましい。
以下に、本発明を詳細に説明する。
ここにいう「乾燥製剤」とは、含水率が20重量%以下である製剤を意味する。
上記インフルエンザワクチン抗原は単一のウイルス抗原を含有してもよく、2種類以上のウイルス抗原を含有してもよい。
上記二糖は、スクロース、マルトース、パラチノース、メリビオース、イソマルト、セロビオース、アロラクトース、イソマルトース、ソホロース、ラクトビオン酸、ラミナリビオース、キシロビオース、ツラノース、ゲンチオビオース、ルチノース、コージビオース、ニゲロース、ロビノース、ネオヘスペリドース、スクラロース及びマルチトールからなる群から選ばれる1種以上である。これらの二糖は、上記インフルエンザワクチン抗原を安定化するものであり、また、水によく溶解するため、インフルエンザワクチン乾燥製剤を製造するためのインフルエンザワクチン抗原含有水溶液に容易に添加される。
上記二糖は、スクロース、マルトース、パラチノース及びメリビオースからなる群から選ばれる1種以上であることが好ましい。
なお、ここにいう「含水率」は、第十六改正日本薬局方、一般試験法、乾燥減量法、第一法に従い求める。すなわち、本発明のインフルエンザワクチン乾燥製剤の試験片を105℃3時間の条件で加熱したときの、重量の減少割合により求める。
本発明のインフルエンザワクチン乾燥製剤は、例えば、0~50℃の保存温度で保存してもインフルエンザワクチン抗原の活性を安定に維持することができる。上記保存温度のより好ましい下限は2℃、より好ましい上限は40℃である。
すなわち、本発明は、インフルエンザワクチン抗原と、二糖とを含有するインフルエンザワクチン抗原含有水溶液を、非加熱下に乾燥するインフルエンザワクチン乾燥製剤の製造方法であって、上記二糖は、スクロース、マルトース、パラチノース、メリビオース、イソマルト、セロビオース、アロラクトース、イソマルトース、ソホロース、ラクトビオン酸、ラミナリビオース、キシロビオース、ツラノース、ゲンチオビオース、ルチノース、コージビオース、ニゲロース、ロビノース、ネオヘスペリドース、スクラロース及びマルチトールからなる群から選ばれる1種以上であるインフルエンザワクチン乾燥製剤の製造方法である。
上記インフルエンザワクチン抗原含有水溶液における上記インフルエンザワクチン抗原の含有量の上限は特に限定されず、1000μgHA/mLを超えるものであってもよい。
また、本発明のインフルエンザワクチン乾燥製剤は、安価で安定に供給されうる二糖によりインフルエンザワクチン抗原が安定化されているため、本発明のインフルエンザワクチン乾燥製剤もまた、安定に供給されうるものである。
更に、本発明のインフルエンザワクチン乾燥製剤は、そのまま、あるいは、用時に生理食塩水や注射水等の生体投与可能な溶媒に溶解又は分散させて使用することもできるため、様々な投与形態に適応しうる。具体的には、鼻粘膜、口腔内粘膜、眼粘膜、耳粘膜、生殖器粘膜、咽頭粘膜、気道粘膜、気管支粘膜、肺粘膜、胃粘膜、腸管粘膜又は直腸粘膜に投与する粘膜投与製剤、あるいは、注射剤として用いることができる。
(凍結乾燥インフルエンザHAワクチン製剤)
インフルエンザHA抗原(A型H1N1:A/California/07/2009、阪大微生物病研究会製)に表1に記すスクロース(和光純薬工業製)を添加した後、下記組成の調製用PBS(リン酸緩衝塩化ナトリウム液)を加え、20w/v%スクロース、500μgHA/mLインフルエンザHA抗原(インフルエンザHA抗原1重量部に対してスクロース400重量部)となるようインフルエンザワクチン抗原含有水溶液を調製した。得られたインフルエンザワクチン抗原含有水溶液10μLを、1.5mLのセイフロックチューブ(eppendorf社製)に分注し、凍結乾燥させた。
塩化ナトリウム(和光純薬工業製) 4.25g
リン酸水素二ナトリウム12水和物(和光純薬工業製) 1.76g
リン酸二水素ナトリウム2水和物(和光純薬工業製) 0.35g
蒸留水 500mLにメスアップ
(液状インフルエンザHAワクチン製剤)
二糖を添加せず、かつ、凍結乾燥を行わずインフルエンザワクチン抗原含有水溶液をそのまま用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、液状インフルエンザHAワクチン製剤を得た。
(凍結乾燥インフルエンザHAワクチン製剤)
二糖を添加しなかったこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、凍結乾燥インフルエンザHAワクチン製剤を得た。
(1)1vol%ニワトリ赤血球浮遊液の調製
ニワトリ保存血液(日本バイオテスト研究所製)を遠沈管に入れて、900Gで5分間遠心分離を行った後、上清と白血球層とを除去した。次いで、遠沈管中の赤血球に下記組成の希釈用PBS(リン酸緩衝塩化ナトリウム液(pH7.2))を加えて撹拌した後、遠心分離を行って上清を除去した。この操作を3回繰り返した。希釈液が入った容器に、遠沈管の赤血球を取り分けて混和し、1vol%ニワトリ赤血球浮遊液を調製した。
塩化ナトリウム(和光純薬工業製) 8.5g
リン酸水素二ナトリウム12水和物(和光純薬工業製) 1.425g
リン酸二水素ナトリウム2水和物(和光純薬工業製) 0.135g
蒸留水 1000mLにメスアップ
V底マイクロプレートのウェルに、1.2倍希釈系列のインフルエンザHAワクチン製剤を50μL入れ、その後、1vol%ニワトリ赤血球浮遊液を50μL加えた。ピペッティングでよく混和し、室温で1時間静置した後、赤血球を完全凝集させたインフルエンザHAワクチン製剤の最終希釈倍数をHA価とした。
二糖を添加せず、かつ、凍結乾燥を行わなかった比較例1の液状インフルエンザHAワクチン製剤を5℃で保存したときのHA価を100%とした場合の相対値(%)を表1に記す。
(凍結乾燥インフルエンザHAワクチン製剤)
二糖の種類又は含有量、或いは、凍結乾燥前液量を表2に記すように変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、凍結乾燥インフルエンザHAワクチン製剤を得た。
(液状インフルエンザHAワクチン製剤)
凍結乾燥を行わずインフルエンザワクチン抗原含有水溶液をそのまま用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、液状インフルエンザHAワクチン製剤を得た。
(凍結乾燥インフルエンザHAワクチン製剤)
二糖を表4に記す単糖又は三糖に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、凍結乾燥インフルエンザHAワクチン製剤を得た。
(凍結乾燥インフルエンザHAワクチン製剤)
インフルエンザHA抗原の含有量を表5に記すように変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、凍結乾燥インフルエンザHAワクチン製剤を得た。
(凍結乾燥インフルエンザHAワクチン製剤)
インフルエンザHA抗原の種類及び含有量を表6に記すように変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、凍結乾燥インフルエンザHAワクチン製剤を得た。
(液状インフルエンザHAワクチン製剤)
二糖を添加せず、かつ、凍結乾燥を行わずインフルエンザワクチン抗原含有水溶液をそのまま用いたこと以外は実施例22、23、24と同様にして、液状インフルエンザHAワクチン製剤を得た。
インフルエンザHAワクチン製剤入りのチューブの蓋を閉めた後、乾燥剤入りの密閉容器にチューブを入れ、30℃又は40℃で1ヵ月保存した。
実施例1~9、12~17、比較例1~7では、上記組成の調製用PBSを1000μL加えて再溶解したインフルエンザHAワクチン製剤のHA価を、測定例1と同様に測定した。
実施例10、11では、蒸留水を50μL加えて再溶解し、上記組成の調製用PBSを加えて1000μLとしたインフルエンザHAワクチン製剤のHA価を、測定例1と同様に測定した。
実施例18、19、20、21では、上記組成の調製用PBSをそれぞれ800μL、600μL、400μL、200μL加えて再溶解したインフルエンザHAワクチン製剤のHA価を、測定例1と同様に測定した。
実施例22及び比較例8、実施例23及び比較例9、実施例24及び比較例10では、上記組成の調製用PBSをそれぞれ300μL(A型H3N2)、1200μL(B型ビクトリア系統)、20000μL(B型山形系統)加えて再溶解したインフルエンザHAワクチン製剤のHA価を、測定例1と同様に測定した。
二糖を添加せず、かつ、凍結乾燥を行わなかった比較例1の液状インフルエンザHAワクチン製剤を5℃で保存したときのHA価を100%とした場合の相対値(%)を表2~6に記す。
スクロースを添加する場合には、スクロースを20~25w/v%(インフルエンザHA抗原1重量部に対してスクロース400~500重量部)添加してインフルエンザHA抗原を凍結乾燥すると、最も安定的にHA価が維持されることを確認した(実施例1、6)。マルトースを添加する場合には、マルトースを10~40w/v%(インフルエンザHA抗原1重量部に対してマルトース200~800重量部)添加してインフルエンザHA抗原を凍結乾燥すると、最も安定的にHA価が維持されることを確認した。
また、凍結乾燥前液量を変えてもHA価が安定に維持されることを確認した(実施例10、11)。
Claims (8)
- インフルエンザワクチン抗原と、二糖とを含有するインフルエンザワクチン乾燥製剤であって、前記二糖は、スクロース、マルトース、パラチノース、メリビオース、イソマルト、セロビオース、アロラクトース、イソマルトース、ソホロース、ラクトビオン酸、ラミナリビオース、キシロビオース、ツラノース、ゲンチオビオース、ルチノース、コージビオース、ニゲロース、ロビノース、ネオヘスペリドース、スクラロース及びマルチトールからなる群から選ばれる1種以上であることを特徴とするインフルエンザワクチン乾燥製剤。
- 二糖の含有量が、インフルエンザワクチン抗原中のHA抗原1重量部に対して40~600重量部である請求項1記載のインフルエンザワクチン乾燥製剤。
- インフルエンザワクチン抗原は、スプリットワクチン抗原又はサブユニットワクチン抗原である請求項1又は2記載のインフルエンザワクチン乾燥製剤。
- インフルエンザワクチン抗原は、スプリットワクチン抗原である請求項3記載のインフルエンザワクチン乾燥製剤。
- 二糖は、スクロース、マルトース、パラチノース及びメリビオースからなる群から選ばれる1種以上である請求項1、2、3又は4記載のインフルエンザワクチン乾燥製剤。
- インフルエンザワクチン抗原と、二糖とを含有するインフルエンザワクチン抗原含有水溶液を、非加熱下に乾燥するインフルエンザワクチン乾燥製剤の製造方法であって、
前記二糖は、スクロース、マルトース、パラチノース、メリビオース、イソマルト、セロビオース、アロラクトース、イソマルトース、ソホロース、ラクトビオン酸、ラミナリビオース、キシロビオース、ツラノース、ゲンチオビオース、ルチノース、コージビオース、ニゲロース、ロビノース、ネオヘスペリドース、スクラロース及びマルチトールからなる群から選ばれる1種以上である
ことを特徴とするインフルエンザワクチン乾燥製剤の製造方法。 - インフルエンザワクチン抗原含有水溶液における二糖の含有量が、2~30w/v%である請求項6記載のインフルエンザワクチン乾燥製剤の製造方法。
- 非加熱下に乾燥する方法は、減圧乾燥法又は凍結乾燥法である請求項6又は7記載のインフルエンザワクチン乾燥製剤の製造方法。
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US14/915,342 US20160206728A1 (en) | 2013-10-03 | 2014-10-02 | Dried influenza vaccine preparation and method of producing the same |
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TW201720426A (zh) * | 2015-11-27 | 2017-06-16 | Nitto Denko Corp | 流感疫苗乾燥製劑、及流感疫苗乾燥製劑之製造方法 |
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