WO2015045015A1 - 二次電池の状態判定方法、二次電池の状態判定装置、二次電池システム、および、状態判定装置を有する充放電制御装置 - Google Patents
二次電池の状態判定方法、二次電池の状態判定装置、二次電池システム、および、状態判定装置を有する充放電制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015045015A1 WO2015045015A1 PCT/JP2013/075790 JP2013075790W WO2015045015A1 WO 2015045015 A1 WO2015045015 A1 WO 2015045015A1 JP 2013075790 W JP2013075790 W JP 2013075790W WO 2015045015 A1 WO2015045015 A1 WO 2015045015A1
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- charge
- secondary battery
- parameter group
- state determination
- negative electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a state determination method for a secondary battery, a state determination device for a secondary battery, a secondary battery system, and a charge / discharge control device including the state determination device.
- Patent Document 1 describes a method for quantitatively evaluating the deterioration states of the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the electrolyte solution in a nondestructive manner by using a charge / discharge curve of a secondary battery.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a method for calculating a discharge curve.
- Patent Document 1 describes a method for determining the state of a secondary battery.
- the charge / discharge curve of the secondary battery is reproduced by calculation based on the charge / discharge curve of the positive electrode / negative electrode alone stored in advance, A method is described in which the effective weight of the active material, the effective weight of the negative electrode active material, the capacity deviation between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, or the values of parameters corresponding to these are obtained.
- the state determination method described in Patent Document 1 it is necessary to eliminate as much as possible the influence of the internal resistance included in the charge / discharge curve of the secondary battery. Therefore, the current value when measuring the charge / discharge curve has to be reduced, and in addition to the evaluation of the charge / discharge curve different from the charge / discharge curve obtained with a practical current value, The internal resistance could not be evaluated.
- the charge / discharge curve is a positive / negative active material that is a capacity parameter that affects both the open circuit state and the closed circuit state. Therefore, it is difficult to accurately separate the effective weight and the capacity deviation between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and the influence of the internal resistance parameter that affects only the closed circuit state.
- the present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and a secondary battery deterioration state determination method and a secondary battery state which can accurately determine the deterioration state of the secondary battery with respect to a practical current value.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a charge / discharge control device having a determination device, a secondary battery system, and a state determination device.
- the means for solving the above problems are as follows, for example.
- a device for determining a state of a secondary battery having a positive electrode and a negative electrode wherein a capacity reduction parameter group A is determined based on charge / discharge characteristics per a reference amount of the positive electrode and the negative electrode and a current value A, and is determined per reference amount of the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- a state determination device that determines the resistance increase parameter group B based on the charge / discharge characteristics, the capacity decrease parameter group A, and the current value B larger than the current value A.
- 1 illustrates a state determination apparatus for a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a flowchart which shows operation
- FIG. 1 shows a state determination apparatus for a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a lithium ion secondary battery will be described as a secondary battery, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the state determination apparatus of this invention is applicable also to the secondary battery of the initial state which has not deteriorated, below, it demonstrates that the secondary battery has deteriorated.
- a state determination device (deterioration diagnosis device) 1 includes a battery control unit 100, a calculation unit 140, a memory 120, and an output unit 130, which are connected to each other by a bus or the like.
- a lithium ion secondary battery 150 is connected to the battery control unit 100.
- the battery control unit 100 allows a predetermined current value to flow through the lithium ion secondary battery 150 until the charge / discharge time reaches a predetermined value or the battery voltage of the lithium ion secondary battery 150 reaches a predetermined value. During this time, the charge / discharge current, the charge / discharge time, and the battery voltage are measured as necessary, and the correspondence relationship between the charge / discharge capacity and the battery voltage obtained at a predetermined current value is stored in the memory 120 as an actually measured value of the charge / discharge curve.
- the memory 120 includes a measured charge / discharge curve of the lithium ion secondary battery 150, a charge / discharge curve per reference amount of the positive electrode and the negative electrode used for the secondary battery 150, and a positive electrode material and a negative electrode used for the lithium ion secondary battery 150.
- the physical property values of the material and the electrolyte, the initial values of the capacity decrease parameter group and the resistance increase parameter group used for state determination, that is, values for the secondary battery 150 that has not deteriorated, are stored.
- the charge / discharge curve is preferably measured as a potential of the positive electrode and the negative electrode with respect to the reference potential using a minute current separately from the charge / discharge of the lithium ion secondary battery 150.
- the memory 120 has the physical property values of the members of the lithium ion secondary battery 150 necessary for reproducing the charge / discharge curve B described later, and the charge / discharge current value and the charge / discharge time dependency of the calculation parameters as necessary. Is remembered.
- the calculation unit 140 refers to the charge / discharge curves of the positive electrode and the negative electrode stored in the memory 120, the physical property values of the positive electrode material, the negative electrode material, and the electrolyte, the values of the capacity reduction parameter group, and the resistance increase parameter group as necessary or While overwriting, the charge / discharge curve of the lithium ion secondary battery 150 is calculated, and the values of the capacity decrease parameter group and the resistance increase parameter group that reproduce the measured value of the charge / discharge curve are determined. If necessary, the response characteristics of the lithium ion secondary battery 150 with respect to a predetermined load are calculated using the values of the determined parameter group.
- the output unit 130 passes the values of the capacity decrease parameter group and the resistance increase parameter group determined by the calculation unit 140 or the response characteristics of the lithium ion secondary battery 150 calculated based on these values, for example, an arbitrary current value Charging / discharging curve of the lithium ion secondary battery 150, internal resistance of the lithium ion secondary battery 150 at a certain arbitrary discharge time, positive electrode potential and negative electrode potential when charging / discharging a certain arbitrary current value for a certain arbitrary time, etc.
- an arbitrary current value Charging / discharging curve of the lithium ion secondary battery 150 Internal resistance of the lithium ion secondary battery 150 at a certain arbitrary discharge time, positive electrode potential and negative electrode potential when charging / discharging a certain arbitrary current value for a certain arbitrary time, etc.
- the battery operation control unit 100 the battery life prediction unit, and the like.
- an electrode group including a positive electrode 101, a separator 103, a negative electrode 102, a positive electrode reference electrode 104, and a negative electrode reference electrode 105 are installed and configured in a battery case 106.
- the electrode group has a configuration in which the positive electrode 101, the separator 103, the negative electrode 102, and the separator 103 are alternately stacked and wound, or the positive electrode 101, the separator 103, the negative electrode 102, and the separator 103 are alternately stacked.
- the shape of the battery includes a cylindrical shape, a flat oval shape, and a square shape when the electrode group is wound, and a rectangular shape and a laminate shape when the electrode group is wound. The shape may be selected.
- the positive electrode 101, the negative electrode 102, the positive electrode reference electrode 104, and the negative electrode reference electrode 105 are disposed away from each other through the electrolytic solution.
- the electrolytic solution for example, a non-aqueous solution in which 1 mol / l of lithium hexafluorophosphate as a lithium salt is dissolved in a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate having a volume ratio of 1: 1 is injected.
- the positive electrode 101 includes a positive electrode active material made of a lithium-containing oxide that can reversibly insert and desorb lithium ions.
- the positive electrode active material include layered transition metal oxides with or without substitution elements, lithium transition metal phosphates, and spinel type transition metal oxides.
- the layered transition metal oxide lithium nickelate LiNiO 2 or lithium cobaltate LiCoO 2
- the transition metal lithium phosphate iron lithium LiFePO 4 manganese manganese phosphate LiMnPO 4
- spinel type transition metal oxide examples thereof include lithium manganate LiMn 2 O 4 .
- One kind or two or more kinds of the above materials may be contained as the positive electrode active material.
- lithium ions are desorbed in the charging process, and lithium ions desorbed from the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode 102 are inserted in the discharging process.
- the negative electrode 102 is, for example, a carbon material that can reversibly insert and desorb lithium ions, silicon-based material Si, SiO, lithium titanate with or without a substitution element, lithium vanadium composite oxide, lithium and metal, for example, , A negative electrode active material made of an alloy with tin, aluminum, antimony or the like.
- a carbon material as a raw material, natural graphite, a composite carbonaceous material obtained by forming a film on natural graphite by a dry CVD method or a wet spray method, a resin material such as epoxy or phenol, or a pitch-based material obtained from petroleum or coal Examples thereof include artificial graphite and non-graphitizable carbon material produced by firing.
- the above materials may be contained singly or in combination of two or more as the negative electrode active material.
- the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode 102 undergoes insertion / extraction reaction or conversion reaction of lithium ions in the charge / discharge process.
- a polypropylene separator is used as the separator 103 used between the positive electrode 101 and the negative electrode 102.
- a microporous film or non-woven fabric made of polyolefin such as polyethylene can be used.
- the positive electrode terminal 107 and the negative electrode terminal 109 are energized with the positive electrode 101 and the negative electrode 102, respectively, and the lithium ion secondary battery 120 is charged and discharged by an external circuit via the positive electrode terminal 107 and the negative electrode terminal 109.
- the positive electrode reference electrode 104 and the negative electrode reference electrode 105 are electrically connected to the positive electrode reference electrode terminal 108 and the negative electrode reference electrode terminal 110, respectively.
- the positive electrode potential can be measured by connecting the positive electrode reference electrode 104 to the positive electrode 101 and connecting the negative electrode reference electrode 105 to the negative electrode 102.
- the positive electrode reference electrode 104 and the negative electrode reference electrode 105 any one or more of lithium manganese spinel, lithium alloy, lithium titanate, lithium transition metal phosphate, and metal lithium can be given.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the operation of the calculation unit.
- the calculation unit 140 reproduces the charge / discharge curve A of the lithium ion secondary battery 150 based on the charge / discharge curves of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and determines the optimum value of the capacity reduction parameter group A.
- the capacity reduction parameter group A is a parameter group necessary for reproducing the charge / discharge curve A measured with a relatively small current.
- the capacity parameter group A includes the effective weight of the positive electrode active material / negative electrode active material, the capacity deviation of the positive electrode / negative electrode generated between a predetermined battery voltage and a predetermined positive electrode / negative electrode potential, and the like.
- the calculation unit 140 reads the charge / discharge curve A of the lithium ion secondary battery 150 measured using a predetermined current value (current density) A from the memory 120.
- the predetermined current value A is preferably a value such that the voltage drop due to the internal resistance of the lithium ion secondary battery 150 is sufficiently small with respect to the battery voltage.
- the current value that requires 5 hours to discharge the nominal capacity Q_0 (Ah) of the secondary battery 150 is preferably 0.2 * Q_0 (A) or less, and the current value that requires 10 hours is 0. It is more desirable that it is 1 * Q_0 (A) or less.
- Examples of the charge / discharge curve include a battery potential V (V) with respect to the charge / discharge capacity Q (Ah), a differential dV / dQ depending on the capacity of the battery voltage with respect to the charge / discharge capacity Q, and a battery voltage of the charge / discharge capacity with respect to the battery voltage V. And the differential value dQ / dV by. Below, the case where the relationship of the battery voltage V with respect to the discharge capacity Q is used is demonstrated.
- step S102A the charge / discharge curves (charge / discharge characteristics) per reference amount of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the lithium ion secondary battery 150 that are also stored in the memory 120 are read.
- This charge / discharge curve is separately measured and stored in the memory 120 in advance. For example, a test cell using a positive electrode or negative electrode as a working electrode and lithium metal as a counter electrode and a reference electrode is manufactured, and the relationship between the charge / discharge capacity and the potential of the positive electrode and the negative electrode with respect to the reference electrode when a constant current value is passed. Then, the charge / discharge capacity is corrected to a value per reference amount.
- the reference amount examples include a unit mass of the positive electrode active material / negative electrode active material, a unit area of the positive electrode / negative electrode, and the like. Below, the case where the unit mass of a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode active material is made into a reference amount is demonstrated. Further, the current value at this time is desirably 0.2 * Q_1 (A) or less with respect to the capacity Q_1 (Ah) of the positive electrode or the negative electrode in a predetermined potential range, and 0.1 * Q_1 (A) The following is more desirable.
- the charge / discharge curve is appropriately selected according to the type of charge / discharge curve of the secondary battery 150.
- FIG. 3 shows discharge curves Vp (qp) and Vn (qn) per unit mass of the positive electrode active material / negative electrode active material used in the following description.
- a provisional value of the capacity reduction parameter group A necessary for calculating the charge / discharge curve A of the lithium ion secondary battery 150 is set.
- the provisional value of the capacity reduction parameter group A may be a predetermined value, or if the state of the secondary battery has been determined before and the result is retained, the previously determined value of the capacity reduction parameter group A is used. May be.
- the capacity reduction parameter group A for example, the effective mass of the positive electrode active material / negative electrode active material, the ratio of the effective mass of the positive electrode active material / negative electrode active material to the charged amount, the effective area of the positive electrode / negative electrode, the effective area of the positive electrode / negative electrode Ratio of the positive electrode / negative electrode, the ratio of the positive electrode / negative electrode capacity to the initial capacity, or an amount corresponding thereto, and a predetermined positive / negative electrode potential and a predetermined battery voltage.
- step S104A the charge / discharge curve of the lithium ion secondary battery 150 is calculated from the charge / discharge curve of the positive electrode and the negative electrode and the capacity reduction parameter group A.
- the battery voltage V (Q) at the capacity Q of the secondary battery can be calculated by the following formula (1) using the positive electrode potential Vp (qp) and the negative electrode potential Vn (qn).
- the capacity Q of the secondary battery is the product mp * qp of the effective mass of the positive electrode active material and the charge / discharge amount of the positive electrode active material of unit mass, and the charge / discharge capacity ⁇ p between the predetermined positive electrode potential and the predetermined battery voltage.
- V (Q) Vp (qp) ⁇ Vn (qn) Equation (1)
- FIG. 4 shows the discharge curves Vp (qp) and Vn (qn) per unit mass of the positive electrode active material / negative electrode active material and the secondary battery / positive electrode / negative electrode calculated using the equations (1) and (2).
- An example of a discharge curve and the relationship between each parameter of Formula (2) are shown.
- step S105A the calculated charge / discharge curve of the lithium ion secondary battery 150 is compared with the actually measured charge / discharge curve A of the lithium ion secondary battery 150 to optimize the capacity reduction parameter group A. For example, a capacity reduction parameter group in which the sum of squares of the difference between the actual measurement value and the calculation value of the voltage V (Q) with respect to the capacity Q is searched. If the calculated charge / discharge curve of the lithium ion secondary battery 150 matches the measured charge / discharge curve A of the lithium ion secondary battery 150, the process proceeds to step S106A. If not, the process returns to step S103A, and the capacity again. A temporary value for the decrease parameter group A is set.
- step S106A the optimized value of the capacity reduction parameter group A is stored in the memory 120.
- the calculation unit 140 reproduces the charge / discharge curve B of the secondary battery based on the charge / discharge curves of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the optimum capacity reduction parameter group A, the physical property values stored in the memory 120, and the like.
- the optimum value of the resistance increase parameter group B is determined.
- the resistance increase parameter group B is one that is not included in the capacity decrease parameter group A among the parameter groups necessary to reproduce the charge / discharge curve B measured with a relatively large current.
- Examples of parameters included in the resistance increase parameter group B include a decrease rate of the effective weight of the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material at the current value B with respect to the current value, and a decrease with respect to the current value of the capacity deviation between the positive electrode and the negative electrode at the current value B.
- Rate internal resistance independent of charge / discharge current / charge / discharge time, internal resistance dependent on one or both of charge / discharge current / charge / discharge time, reaction surface area / reaction rate constant / interface resistance / diffusion for each positive and negative electrodes
- Examples include coefficient, porosity, bending degree, conductivity, salt concentration, viscosity, composition ratio of the electrolyte.
- step S101B the calculation unit 140 reads the charge / discharge curve B of the lithium ion secondary battery 150 measured by using a predetermined current value B from the memory 120.
- the predetermined current value B is larger than the current value A.
- a value at which the voltage drop due to the internal resistance of the secondary battery 150 is not negligible with respect to the battery voltage is desirable. Specifically, it is preferably 0.5 * Q_0 or more and 30 * Q_0 (A) or less with respect to the nominal capacity Q_0 (Ah) of the lithium ion secondary battery 150, 2 * Q_0 or more and 10 * Q_0 (A). The following is more desirable.
- step S102B a charge / discharge curve per reference amount of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the lithium ion secondary battery 150 is read from the memory 120.
- step S103B the physical property values of the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the electrolyte stored in the memory 120 are read as necessary.
- physical properties include electrolyte salt concentration, ionic conductivity of electrolyte, temperature dependence of ionic conductivity of electrolyte, rate constant of electrochemical reaction at the interface between positive electrode or negative electrode and electrolyte, positive electrode active material Or there exists the resistance of the film
- Examples of the structural parameters include the resistance of the metal member of the lithium ion secondary battery 150, the thickness of the positive electrode / negative electrode, the area of the positive electrode / negative electrode, the porosity of the positive electrode / negative electrode, the bending degree of the void of the positive electrode / negative electrode, and the like. It is done. Furthermore, the operation parameters of the lithium ion secondary battery 150 stored in the memory 120 are read as necessary. Examples of operational parameters include discharge current, battery voltage at the start and end of discharge, environmental temperature, and the like.
- step S104B the value of the capacity reduction parameter group A optimized in step A is read from the memory 120 in order to reproduce the charge / discharge curve in step S106B.
- the value of the capacity decrease parameter group A may be converted as necessary when calculating the charge / discharge curve B below.
- step S105B provisional values of the resistance increase parameter group B necessary for calculating the charge / discharge curve B of the lithium ion secondary battery 150 are set.
- the provisional value of the resistance increase parameter group B may be a predetermined value. If the state of the lithium ion secondary battery 150 has been determined before and the result is retained, the resistance increase parameter group B of the previously determined resistance increase parameter group B A value may be used.
- the resistance increase parameter group B includes, for example, the decrease rate of the positive / negative electrode capacity, the deviation of the charge / discharge capacity, the internal resistance of the lithium ion secondary battery 150, and the physical property values and structural parameters read in step S104B. A part may be used as the resistance increase parameter group B. Below, the case where the ion conductivity (sigma) of electrolyte solution and the resistance Rf of the film
- step S106B a charge / discharge curve of the lithium ion secondary battery 150 is calculated from the charge / discharge curves of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the capacity decrease parameter group A, and the resistance increase parameter group B.
- a method for calculating a charge / discharge curve using these parameters is disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1. If only the outline is described, first, the thickness direction in which the positive electrode, the separator, and the negative electrode are overlapped is divided into an appropriate number.
- step S107B the charge / discharge curve B of the measured lithium ion secondary battery 150 is reproduced, that is, the calculated charge / discharge curve of the lithium ion secondary battery 150 and the measured lithium ion secondary battery 150 are reproduced.
- the charge / discharge curves B are compared, and the value of the resistance increase parameter group B is optimized. If the calculated charge / discharge curve of the secondary battery 150 matches the measured charge / discharge curve B of the lithium ion secondary battery 150, the process proceeds to step S108B. If not, the process returns to step S103B, and the resistance increase parameter is again set. A provisional value for group B is set.
- step S108B the capacity decrease parameter group A and the resistance increase parameter group B obtained by the above calculation, or the results obtained by the calculation based on the charge / discharge curves of these parameter groups and the positive and negative electrodes, for example, a predetermined value A positive / negative potential in voltage, a battery output in a predetermined charge / discharge current / charge / discharge time, a positive / negative potential, and the like are output to an external memory or an external monitor.
- the state determination apparatus determines the capacity reduction parameter group A based on the charge / discharge characteristics per reference amount of the positive electrode and the negative electrode and the current value A.
- the resistance increase parameter group B is determined based on A and the current value B larger than the current value A.
- the state determination device reads the charge / discharge curve A of the secondary battery measured using the current value A and the charge / discharge characteristics per reference amount of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the state determination device reads the capacity reduction parameter group A.
- the state determination device calculates a charge / discharge curve of the secondary battery based on the charge / discharge characteristics per reference amount of the positive electrode and the negative electrode and the temporarily set capacity reduction parameter group A.
- the capacity decrease parameter group A is determined.
- the charge / discharge curve B of the secondary battery measured using the value B is read, the state determination device temporarily sets the resistance increase parameter group B, and the state determination device is charged / discharged per reference amount of the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the charge / discharge curve of the secondary battery is calculated based on the property and the resistance increase parameter group B set temporarily, and the state determination device measures the charge / discharge curve of the secondary battery calculated based on the resistance increase parameter group B.
- the resistance increase parameter group B is determined based on the comparison with the charge / discharge curve B of the secondary battery.
- the capacity parameter and the internal resistance parameter of the secondary battery are separated and the respective values are determined with high accuracy, and the deterioration state of the secondary battery can be grasped more accurately than before.
- the secondary battery can be made highly safe and have a long life by control based on the determination result.
- the accuracy of remaining life prediction based on the accumulation of determination results is improved.
- the deterioration diagnosis device for a secondary battery in an embodiment of the present invention is a charge / discharge device for a stationary secondary battery or a charge / discharge control device (charge / discharge control means 500 in FIG. 8) for a mobile secondary battery. It is connected or incorporated as part of these charge / discharge control devices.
- the charging / discharging control device has a charge / discharge curve A with a small current value A and a current larger than the current value A for the whole or a representative portion of the secondary battery module composed of a plurality of secondary batteries.
- the charge / discharge curve B according to the value B is measured and stored in the memory 120.
- FIG. 8 shows a secondary battery system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the secondary battery system 300 includes a state determination device 1, a secondary battery module 200, a measurement unit 400, and a charge / discharge control unit 500.
- the secondary battery module 200 includes a plurality of lithium ion secondary batteries 150.
- the measuring unit 400 includes a current sensor 410 that detects a current flowing through the secondary battery module 200 and a voltage sensor 420 that detects a voltage of the secondary battery module 200.
- the charge / discharge control means 500 is an SOC calculation means 510 that detects the SOC of each of the plurality of lithium ion secondary batteries 150 in the secondary battery module 200, and an input / output control means that determines a current value for charging / discharging the secondary battery. 520.
- the charging / discharging current detected by the current sensor 410 and the battery voltage detected by the voltage sensor 420 are transmitted to the calculation unit 140.
- the calculation unit 140 calculates the amount of charge / discharge electricity charged / discharged in the secondary battery.
- the calculation unit 140 stores a charge / discharge electricity amount and battery voltage data table in the memory 120.
- the calculation unit 140 performs deterioration diagnosis with reference to the data table created in the memory 120 as necessary, and transmits the diagnosis result to the charge / discharge control means 500.
- the SOC calculation means 510 calculates the SOC of the secondary battery based on the diagnosis result, the current value detected by the current sensor 410, and the battery voltage detected by the voltage sensor 420.
- the calculated SOC and diagnostic result of the secondary battery, the battery voltage, and the current value are transmitted to the input / output control means 520.
- the input / output control means 520 determines a current value for charging / discharging the secondary battery based on the received information.
- the state determination device can be incorporated in the stationary charge / discharge control electric device.
- the charging / discharging control device and the state determination device on the moving body side can be connected during charging, and the result of the deterioration diagnosis can be transferred to the charging / discharging control device.
- the state determination device determines the capacity decrease parameter group A and the resistance increase parameter group B by the above-described method based on the measured charge / discharge curve A and charge / discharge curve B, and the charge / discharge control device. Output to a memory or an external display device.
- the charge / discharge curve A and the charge / discharge curve B do not necessarily need to be measured continuously, and do not need to be measured one-on-one.
- the charge / discharge curve A can be measured only once a month, and the charge / discharge curve B can be measured every day.
- the step A for determining the capacity decrease parameter group A and the step B for determining the resistance increase parameter group B do not necessarily need to be executed continuously, and need not be executed one-on-one.
- the capacity decrease based on the most recently measured charge / discharge curve A is measured until the next charge / discharge curve A is measured. It is also possible to use parameter group A for the calculation of step B and update only the resistance increase parameter group B every day.
- the secondary battery for measuring the charge / discharge curve A and the charge / discharge curve B need not be exactly the same.
- the charge / discharge curve A can be measured for a secondary battery selected by a predetermined method among the entire secondary battery module, and the charge / discharge curve B can be measured for the entire secondary battery module.
- the charge / discharge curve A is measured for a secondary battery selected by a predetermined method among the whole secondary battery modules, and the charge / discharge curve B is measured for all secondary battery modules other than the selected secondary battery module.
- the charge / discharge curve A and the charge / discharge curve B can be measured simultaneously.
- both do not necessarily need to be discharge curves, and similarly, both do not need to be charge curves.
- a discharge curve obtained by discharging the selected secondary battery with a small current value A is used, and for the charge / discharge curve B, a secondary other than the selected secondary battery is used. It is also possible to use a charging curve in which the entire battery module is rapidly charged. However, in this case, it is necessary to store both the charge curve and the discharge curve per reference amount of the positive electrode and the negative electrode in the memory 120 of the state determination device.
- FIG. 5 is a reproduction result of a discharge curve in an embodiment of the present invention, and is a determination result using the calculation method described in Non-Patent Document 1 in Step B in the determination according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5A shows a discharge curve A measured with a small current 0.02 * Q_0 (A) in a secondary battery in an initial state, and a reproduction result thereof.
- the white circles in the figure are measured discharge curves of the secondary battery, the solid lines are the calculated discharge curves of the secondary battery 150, the broken lines are the calculated positive electrode discharge curves, and the alternate long and short dash lines are the calculated negative electrode discharge curves.
- FIG. 5A shows a discharge curve A measured with a small current 0.02 * Q_0 (A) in a secondary battery in an initial state, and a reproduction result thereof.
- the white circles in the figure are measured discharge curves of the secondary battery, the solid lines are the calculated discharge curves of the secondary battery 150, the broken lines are the calculated positive electrode discharge curves, and the alternate
- FIG. 5B shows a discharge curve A measured at a minute current 0.02 * Q_0 (A) and a reproduction result thereof in a secondary battery deteriorated under a predetermined condition.
- FIG. 5C shows a discharge curve B measured at a relatively large current 4 * Q_0 (A) and a reproduction result thereof in a secondary battery deteriorated under a predetermined condition.
- Table 1 shows the values of the optimized capacity reduction parameter group and resistance increase parameter group obtained by the reproduction calculation shown in FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C. It also shows the mean square error (RMSE) between the measured and calculated values.
- RMSE mean square error
- FIG. 6 shows the reproduction result.
- FIG. 6 is a reproduction result of the discharge curve in the comparative example of the present invention.
- Table 1 shows the optimized resistance increase parameter values, measured values, and mean square error (RMSE) of the calculated values.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the operation of the calculation part in this embodiment.
- the calculation is started, first, it is confirmed whether or not the charge / discharge curve A held in the memory 120 has been updated since the previous state determination.
- the determination of step A in the first embodiment is started, and the value of the capacity reduction parameter group A is optimized. Thereafter, the capacity reduction parameter group A stored in the memory 120 is updated to an optimized value.
- Step B in Example 1 the determination of Step B in Example 1 is started, and the value of the resistance increase parameter group B is optimized. Finally, the values of the capacity decrease parameter group A and the resistance increase parameter group B, or the characteristics of the secondary battery 150 calculated based on these values are output.
- step A is omitted and the determination in step B is started.
- the optimum value of the capacity reduction parameter group A at the previous state determination stored in the memory 120 is used.
- the capacity reduction parameter group A corrected based on an arbitrary function having variables such as the number of days elapsed since the previous determination and the number of charge / discharge cycles of the secondary battery 150 since the previous determination is used. May be.
- the charge / discharge curve B is reproduced and the determination result is output.
- the capacity decrease parameter group A is updated based on the updated charge / discharge curve A, and the updated capacity Based on the decrease parameter group A
- the resistance increase parameter group B is determined and the charge / discharge curve A has not been updated since the previous state determination
- the charge / discharge curve A used at the previous state determination of the secondary battery Based on this, the resistance increase parameter group B is determined.
- the usable potential region of the positive electrode / negative electrode is exceeded based on the estimated value of the charge / discharge characteristics of the battery / positive electrode / negative electrode obtained by diagnosis.
- the charging / discharging current and charging / discharging time are set so as not to occur.
- the calculation unit 140 calculates the time change of the battery voltage, the positive electrode potential, and the negative electrode potential under an arbitrary operation condition based on the capacity decrease parameter group A and the resistance increase parameter group B obtained by the state determination. . Based on the calculation result, the calculation unit 140 calculates either the upper limit of the charge / discharge current that can be passed through the secondary battery 150 or the upper limit of the charge / discharge time.
- the calculation unit 140 calculates a battery voltage corresponding to an upper limit or a lower limit of a usable potential region of a predetermined positive electrode / negative electrode, and a charge / discharge time for the positive electrode / negative electrode to reach the forbidden potential region at a predetermined charge / discharge current.
- the maximum charge / discharge current value at which the positive electrode and the negative electrode do not reach the forbidden potential region in a predetermined charge / discharge time is output.
- the state determination device operates the secondary battery based on the determined capacity decrease parameter group A and the determined resistance increase parameter group B so that each of the positive electrode and the negative electrode does not reach the forbidden potential region.
- the conditions are decided. Thereby, based on the state determination of the secondary battery 150, the operating conditions of the secondary battery 150 can be determined such that the positive electrode and the negative electrode do not reach the forbidden potential regions.
- the remaining battery life under a predetermined use condition is determined based on the battery deterioration diagnosis result and a predetermined capacity lower limit value.
- the state determination has been performed on the charge / discharge characteristics of the secondary battery 150 having the same or the same configuration measured in different usage periods.
- the values of the capacity decrease parameter group A and the resistance increase parameter group B obtained by the state determination, and the usage status of the secondary battery 150 at each state determination time are held in the memory 120.
- the memory 120 stores a function of the capacity decrease parameter group A and the resistance increase parameter group B, with the usage status as a variable.
- the function form include a straight line, a quadratic function, an exponential function, and a logarithmic function.
- examples of the variable include a period of use, the number of charge / discharge cycles, a cumulative charge / discharge amount, temperature, battery voltage, and electrode potential.
- the calculation unit 140 reads these function forms and variables from the memory 120, and calculates the values of the capacity decrease parameter group A and the resistance increase parameter group B before the latest state determination time. Next, based on the calculated values of the capacity decrease parameter group A and the resistance increase parameter group B, a charge / discharge curve of the secondary battery 150 under a predetermined use condition is predicted. Further, the magnitude relationship between the capacity and internal resistance of the secondary battery 150 obtained from the predicted charge / discharge curve of the secondary battery 150 and the upper and lower limit values is determined. In the prediction by calculation, when the capacity or internal resistance of the secondary battery 150 exceeds or falls below a predetermined upper limit value or lower limit value at a certain time A, this time A is regarded as the life of the secondary battery 150.
- the output unit 130 outputs time A or time B from the current time to time A.
- a warning is output.
- the lifetime of the secondary battery can be predicted based on the values of the capacity decrease parameter group A and the resistance increase parameter group B.
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Abstract
Description
<全体構成および各部の動作の概略>
図1は、本発明の一実施形態における二次電池の状態判定装置を示したものである。以下では二次電池としてリチウムイオン二次電池について説明するが、これに限らない。また、本発明の状態判定装置は劣化していない初期状態の二次電池に対しても適用可能であるが、以下では二次電池は劣化しているものとして説明する。
<計算部の動作について>
以下、図2を参照して、計算部140の動作を具体的に説明する。図2は、計算部の動作を示すフローチャートである。
<ステップA>
まず、計算部140は、正極と負極の充放電曲線に基づきリチウムイオン二次電池150の充放電曲線Aを再現し、最適な容量減少パラメータ群Aの値を決定する。容量減少パラメータ群Aとは、相対的に小さな電流で測定した充放電曲線Aを再現するのに必要なパラメータ群である。容量パラメータ群Aには、正極活物質・負極活物質の有効重量、所定の電池電圧と所定の正極・負極電位の間に生じた正極・負極の容量ずれ等が含まれる。
V(Q)=Vp(qp)-Vn(qn) 式(1)
Q=mp*qp+δp=mn*qn+δn 式(2)
によって計算できる。図4に、正極活物質・負極活物質の単位質量当たりの放電曲線Vp(qp)、Vn(qn)および式(1)、式(2)を用いて計算した二次電池・正極・負極の放電曲線の一例と、式(2)の各パラメータの関係を示す。
<ステップB>
次に、計算部140は、正極と負極の充放電曲線と、最適な容量減少パラメータ群Aと、メモリ120に記憶された物性値等に基づき、二次電池の充放電曲線Bを再現し、最適な抵抗増加パラメータ群Bの値を決定する。抵抗増加パラメータ群Bとは、相対的に大きな電流で測定した充放電曲線Bを再現するのに必要なパラメータ群のうち,容量減少パラメータ群Aに含まれないものである。抵抗増加パラメータ群Bに含まれるパラメータの例としては、電流値Bにおける正極活物質・負極活物質の有効重量の電流値に対する減少率、電流値Bにおける正極・負極の容量ずれの電流値に対する減少率、充放電電流・充放電時間の両方に依存しない内部抵抗、充放電電流・充放電時間の片方または両方に依存する内部抵抗、正極・負極それぞれの反応表面積・反応速度定数・界面抵抗・拡散係数・空隙率・屈曲度、電解液の伝導度・塩濃度・粘度・組成比などが挙げられる。
100 電池制御部
101 正極
102 負極
103 セパレータ
104 正極参照電極
105 負極参照電極
106 電池ケース
107 正極端子
108 正極参照極端子
110 負極参照極端子
120 メモリ
130 出力部
140 計算部
150 リチウムイオン二次電池
200 二次電池モジュール
300 二次電池システム
400 計測手段
410 電流センサ
420 電圧センサ
500 充放電制御手段
510 SOC演算手段
520 入出力制御手段
Claims (8)
- 正極および負極を有する二次電池の状態判定装置であって、
前記正極および前記負極の基準量あたりの充放電特性ならびに電流値Aに基づき容量減少パラメータ群Aを決定し、
前記正極および前記負極の基準量あたりの充放電特性、前記容量減少パラメータ群A、ならびに、前記電流値Aより大きな電流値Bに基づき、抵抗増加パラメータ群Bを決定する状態判定装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記状態判定装置は、前記電流値Aを用いて測定した前記二次電池の充放電曲線Aならびに前記正極および前記負極の基準量あたりの充放電特性を読み込み、
前記状態判定装置は、容量減少パラメータ群Aを仮に設定し、
前記状態判定装置は、前記正極および前記負極の基準量あたりの充放電特性ならびに前記仮に設定された容量減少パラメータ群Aに基づき、前記二次電池の充放電曲線を計算し、
前記状態判定装置は、前記容量減少パラメータ群Aに基づき計算された二次電池の充放電曲線と前記測定された二次電池の充放電曲線Aとの比較に基づき、容量減少パラメータ群Aを決定し、
前記状態判定装置は、前記電流値Bを用いて測定した前記二次電池の充放電曲線Bを読み込み、
前記状態判定装置は、抵抗増加パラメータ群Bを仮に設定し、
前記状態判定装置は、前記正極および前記負極の基準量あたりの充放電特性ならびに前記仮に設定された抵抗増加パラメータ群Bに基づき、前記二次電池の充放電曲線を計算し、
前記状態判定装置は、前記抵抗増加パラメータ群Bに基づき計算された二次電池の充放電曲線と前記測定された二次電池の充放電曲線Bとの比較に基づき、抵抗増加パラメータ群Bを決定する状態判定装置。 - 請求項2において、
前回の前記二次電池の状態判定時から前記充放電曲線Aが更新されている場合は、前記更新された充放電曲線Aに基づき、容量減少パラメータ群Aが更新され、
前記更新された容量減少パラメータ群Aに基づき、抵抗増加パラメータ群Bが決定され
前回の状態判定時から前記充放電曲線Aが更新されていない場合は、前回の前記二次電池の状態判定時に用いられた充放電曲線Aに基づき、抵抗増加パラメータ群Bが決定される状態判定装置。 - 請求項1乃至3のいずれかにおいて、
前記状態判定装置は、前記決定された容量減少パラメータ群Aおよび前記決定された抵抗増加パラメータ群Bに基づき、前記正極および前記負極のそれぞれが禁制電位領域に到達しないように、前記二次電池の運用条件を決める状態判定装置。 - 請求項1乃至4のいずれかにおいて、
前記状態判定装置は、前記決定された容量減少パラメータ群Aおよび前記決定された抵抗増加パラメータ群Bに基づき、前記二次電池の寿命を予測する状態判定装置。 - 請求項1乃至4のいずれか状態判定装置を有する充放電制御装置。
- 前記二次電池を複数有する二次電池モジュールと、
請求項1乃至4のいずれか状態判定装置と、を有する二次電池システム。 - 正極および負極を有する二次電池の状態判定方法であって、
前記正極および前記負極の基準量あたりの充放電特性ならびに電流値Aに基づき容量減少パラメータ群Aを決定し、
前記正極および前記負極の基準量あたりの充放電特性、前記容量減少パラメータ群A、ならびに、前記電流値Aより大きな電流値Bに基づき、抵抗増加パラメータ群Bを決定する二次電池の状態判定方法。
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JP6072268B2 (ja) | 2017-02-01 |
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