WO2015022444A1

WO2015022444A1 - Modular building system

Info

Publication number: WO2015022444A1
Application number: PCT/ES2014/070658
Authority: WO
Inventors: José Francisco PEDRAZA PARIS
Original assignee: Pedraza Paris José Francisco
Priority date: 2013-08-16
Filing date: 2014-08-14
Publication date: 2015-02-19
Also published as: PE20160429A1; EP3034707A1; IL244134A0; JP2016532030A; WO2015022444A4; CL2016000332A1; EP3034707A4; GT201600033A

Abstract

Modular building system that comprises the coupling or superposition, horizontally and vertically, of prefabricated components made from reinforced concrete in order to create dwelling spaces, comprising, likewise, connections (200) between said components, said components being selected from: - closed frames (2, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f, 2') made from reinforced concrete; - open frames made from reinforced concrete; - vaults (34) made from reinforced concrete; - box structures made from reinforced concrete; the prefabricated components in reinforced concrete being incorporated into major prefabricated civil engineering works made from reinforced concrete.

Description

MODULAR BUILDING SYSTEM

D E S C R I P C I Ó N

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a modular building system, which is understood as building that residential construction of various uses, from housing, to administrative, industrial use, etc.

The technique sector of the invention corresponds to the architecture sector, more specifically the architecture of modular spaces, based on the principles of industrialized construction.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Within the wide field of construction is the traditional construction, which is the most used, in which the entire work is carried out "in situ" using a variety of materials, labor, energy, masonry techniques, etc, generating large amount of waste.

Another system is that of pre-built houses. This type of houses is characterized in that practically all of the space is built in the factory, except for the final assembly. Its design and project is repeatable and is usually limited to small spaces. They have rigid designs, since adopting a new one implies adopting a new factory construction plan.

Another system is the prefabricated one, intermediate between the previous ones, characterized in that important parts of the construction are carried out in the factory, and then incorporated with the rest of the construction, on site. Very extended for the construction of industrial and agricultural warehouses. It is a system in which its dimensions and integral parts are not intended to be a modular model. In patent documents ES 2159212B1, ES 2094179, ES 2264391A1 and others propose modular structures for the construction of enclosures.

On the part of the applicant it is unknown the existence of any other modular construction model based on precast reinforced concrete that presents technical, structural and constitutive characteristics similar to those presented by the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

With the modular building system of the invention, freedom of design, size and robustness is achieved in the construction of residential spaces (housing, administrative, industrial), very low construction costs, due to the significant reduction in construction, materials, time labor and energy etc. and a solid, ecological construction by not generating practically waste and with a non-existent construction maintenance. In addition, the building can be buried, creating sustainable buildings, very economical and already integrated into the environment, due to the microclimate existing in the interior approximately 18-21 ° C, where unnecessary consumption of energy in heating and cooling is avoided avoiding CO2 emissions from energy consumption.

In addition, the projects are completed in a short space of time.

The system of the invention allows buildings with a wide freedom of design and dimension of the spaces, and the possibility of subsequent extensions of the spaces creating new or expanding existing ones at a low cost. Without works and without modifying the aesthetics of the building.

In accordance with the invention, the system comprises the easy coupling and / or horizontally and vertically superimposed of prefabricated pieces in reinforced concrete to create housing spaces also comprising joints between said prefabricated pieces, which are selected from:

-Closed reinforced concrete frames,

- open reinforced concrete frames,

- reinforced concrete vaults, reinforced concrete drawers;

The placement of the pieces with each other can form buildings with different floors or configurations, joining each other horizontally or vertically - overlapping them - according to the need of the project.

For the creation of a building with the system of the invention, these pieces can be freely combined, since there is no concrete preferred form for its realization. Each design and project will need the most convenient way to achieve it: the possible combinations, both horizontal and vertical, or stacks of an undetermined number of these pieces, as well as their dimensions.

Once the frames were placed, on a floor according to the project, and / or superimposed on those already placed, in their place of destination and coupled, we find a solid and structurally finished building. With the exception of the wall intended to give light and ventilation to each of the spaces of the building, which will depend on the taste and budget of the client for the final completion of the work.

The union between pieces or frames can be carried out by means of tongue and groove, or in the case of a flat joint by approximation until they are joined. The groupings of frames, can be both horizontal and vertical or by stacking according to need of plants.

Among the aforementioned frames or pieces of reinforced concrete can be included: - closed frames, very varied, quadrangular, rectangular, octagonal, tubular, vaulted, etc.

-Open frames, with various "U" shapes of "L", drawers with or without shoe or semicircular etc

These prefabricated are in a wide variety of measures, from 0.5 meters to 0.5 meters, both in height, width and length, and with a wide range of offer in the market or they can also be newly created with shape and Certain measures.

As an improvement, these prefabricated ones are typical of civil works, giving them a use different from the civil work itself (maritime infrastructure, roads, railways, hydraulic works, airports) through the system of the invention.

In addition to what has been described above, articulated frames, underpasses, overpasses, "C" shaped open frames, containment fins can also be used. In general, all frames or parts may be with or without a shoe.

With the system of the invention we can achieve buildings of very diverse functionalities, which are endowed with design and great robustness. - As a home, whether family, leisure, sports, hospitality etc -, as administrative buildings, offices, schools, cultural buildings etc, or as other diverse uses: grain storage silos, warehouses, fish farms, military use, barracks, powder store, armament silos, livestock uses, etc., always alien to civil works.

The projects are completed in a short space of time because three construction processes are reduced: foundation, structure and closure, in one, with the consequent economic savings, shortening the term of completion of work and the price of prefabricated units.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1 shows a view of a generic closed frame belonging to the system of the invention.

Figures 2 and 3.- They show two open frames that can be joined together forming a closed frame.

Figures 4 to 6.- They show three examples of building made with the system of the invention.

Figures 7 and 8.- They show respectively the exploded view of a vault and the mounted vault itself, usable in the system of the invention.

Figure 9.- Shows a view of another variant of a building made with the system of the invention.

Figures 10 and 1 1.- They show two-sided views of a prefabricated civil works underpass, which can be used in the system of the invention, for example to configure gables.

Figure 12.- Shows a view of another variant of a building made with the system of the invention, in this case with a prefabricated underpass.

Figure 13.- Shows a detail view of a knot to reinforce a non-tongue and groove joint between prefabricated parts of the system of the invention.

Figure 14.- Shows a view of the variant of figure 9 where the holes for the passage of the threaded bars belonging to the nodes are appreciated.

Figures 15 and 16.- They show two views of the generic frame of figure 1 with functional openings of passage or implementation of gaps.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a generic closed frame (2 ') of reinforced concrete, according to the invention, which can have any measure in both width and height and depth, of the many existing in the market and standardized, or being able to be a newly created piece, with certain measures; while in figure 2 a perspective view of an open "U" frame (3) is shown which can be complemented with another complementary "U" frame (4) drawn in figure 3, which can have any measure in height, width and depth of the many existing in the market already standardized or may also be newly created pieces, with certain measures.

Figure 4 shows a specific configuration of a building (100) according to the system of the invention, of the many that could be configured with the union, overlap and combination of these pieces or frames, forming a house of about 42 square meters surface, comprising five first closed frames (2) of 4 meters wide, 3 meters high and 1.5 meters deep forming a kitchen-living room (50), a room (51) and an entrance (52), two second closed frames (2a) of 2 meters wide,

3 meters high and 1.5 meters deep together forming a bathroom (53), and four third closed frames (2b) 2 meters wide, 3 meters high and 1.5 meters deep forming a corridor ( 54) of connection between rooms, all on the corresponding floor, not shown.

Figure 5 shows another concrete configuration of a building (101) according to the invention with 93 square meters, comprising twelve first closed frames (2) of

4 meters wide, 3 meters high and 1.5 meters deep forming kitchen (60), three rooms (61) and entrance (62), two second closed frames (2a) of 2 meters wide, 3 meters high and 1.5 meters deep together forming a bathroom (63), and four fourth closed frames (2c) 2.5 meters wide, 3 meters high and 1.5 meters deep forming a bathroom well in adjacent rooms (61) or walk-in closets

Figure 6 shows another concrete building configuration (102) for offices, for example, which would have a useful space of 52.5 square meters per floor, plus a reception porch or parking of 27 square meters, comprising ten fifth closed frames (2d) 7 meters wide, 2.5 meters high and 1.5 meters deep in two superimposed rows forming two floors (70, 71) or heights, three U-frames (3) 6 meters wide, 2.5 meters high and 1.5 meters deep forming the porch (72) and two sixth closed frames (2e) 3 meters wide, 5 meters high and 1.5 meters deep for staircase (73 ) and entry (74).

Figure 7 shows the perspective of three pieces (8, 9) that make up a portion or vault frame (34)

Figure 8 shows in perspective the possible distribution of the pieces (8, 9) that will constitute the vault (34) to be created. This figure shows that the sides (8) have shoes (10). If you didn't have them, you can put them on a foundation. The space can be used for multiple uses depending on the dimensions.

As improvements introduced to the above described can also be used Articulated frames, underpasses, overpasses, "C" shaped open frames, containment fins, not shown. In general, all frames or parts may be with or without a shoe.

Figure 9 shows another building (103) modification of the building (102) of Figure 4 with 60 useful square meters, comprising five first closed frames (2) 4 meters wide, 3 meters high and 1.5 meters in the background forming a kitchen-living room (90), a room (91) and an entrance, five second closed frames (2a) of 2 meters wide, 3 meters high and 1.5 meters deep forming together a corridor of connection (92) between rooms, and two seventh closed frames (2f) of 3 meters wide, 3 meters high and 1.5 meters deep forming a room (93) with bathroom.

The closures of the open faces of the reinforced concrete pieces can be made by gables, also prefabricated in reinforced concrete, with a shoe (16), being able to place them without a shoe and anchor them in a foundation slab on the ground, not shown. These gables could be configured on the sides (120) of a prefabricated civil works underpass, making use of these pieces. They are shown in Figures 10 and 1 1 Figure 12 shows another building configuration (104), according to the invention, created from a prefabricated underpass (33) of civil works, with its sides (120) and lintels (121 ), having fins (122) for containment. Depending on the multiple measures of the pieces that compose it, bioclimatic spaces of any use can be created, being able to bury said building, or any other made according to the system of the invention, thanks to its robustness, with the exception of its accessible or hastial face for access, getting a home or bioclimatic space, as a cave. Logically, the building can also remain underground, on the surface therefore, being able to apply other types of insulation or even a roof

The joints (200) between pieces can be made by tongue and groove or by approximation in case of flat joints. The pieces will be moved to the predetermined place in each design and will be placed and joined to the previous one as marked by the project. In order to reinforce the joints (200) between pieces, the invention has provided that they can comprise knots (201). These knots can be materialized in various ways: for example, by threaded bars (206) through holes (202) of the pieces to be joined and with support plates (203), where the corresponding nuts (204) act (see detail in the figure 13). Figure 14 shows the construction of Figure 9 where the holes (202) appear for the passage of the threaded bars, not shown in this figure, for the union of the gables, or lids, also not shown.

Additionally, the system of the invention has provided that precast reinforced concrete parts can incorporate openings (300) in their manufacture, which can serve to delimit interior passageways, windows, skylights, etc. These openings (300) are designed in the molds of the prefabricated pieces in reinforced concrete, and can have different shapes and the necessary dimensions in each case. Figures 15 and 16 show embodiments of the generic closed frame (2 ') shown in Figure 1, with said openings (300) in various positions.

Claims

1.-Modular building system characterized in that it includes the coupling or horizontal and vertical overlapping of prefabricated pieces in reinforced concrete to create residential spaces; also comprising unions (200) between said parts; and said selected pieces being among:

- closed frames (2, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f, 2 ') of reinforced concrete,

- open reinforced concrete frames,

- reinforced concrete vaults (34),

- reinforced concrete drawers;

2. - Modular building system according to claim 1 characterized in that the reinforced concrete pieces are arranged on a floor.

3. - Modular building system according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that it comprises walls intended to give light and ventilation to the spaces of the building that are subsequently made to the union of the prefabricated pieces in reinforced concrete.

4.-Modular building system according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the closed frames (2, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f, 2 ') of reinforced concrete are selected from:

- quadrangular frames,

-rectangular frames,

octagonal frames,

- tubular frames,

5.-Modular building system according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the open frames of reinforced concrete are selected from:

U-shaped frames,

"L" shaped frames, semicircular frames

6.-Modular building system according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the prefabricated pieces in reinforced concrete comprise shoes (10, 16a).

7. Modular building system according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the joints (200) comprise joints by tongue and groove in case of tongue and groove joints.

8. Modular building system according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the joints (200) comprise approximation joints in the case of flat joints.

9.-Modular building system according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the prefabricated pieces in reinforced concrete additionally are selected from:

-articulate frames,

- lower steps (33),

- upper steps,

-C-shaped open frames

-fins (122) containment.

10.-Modular building system according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the closures of the open faces of the reinforced concrete pieces are made by gables, prefabricated in reinforced concrete, with shoe (16)

1 1. - Modular building system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the closures of the open faces of the frames are made by gables, prefabricated in reinforced concrete, without footing, anchored in a foundation slab.

12. - Modular building system according to any of claims 10 or 1, characterized in that the gables comprise sides (120) of a prefabricated underpass (33) of prefabricated civil works

13.-Modular building system according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the joints (200) comprise nodes (201)

14.-Modular building system according to claim 13, characterized in that the knots (201) comprise threaded bars (206) through holes (202) of the reinforced concrete pieces, and with supporting plates (203), where the corresponding nuts act (204)

15.-Modular building system according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the prefabricated pieces in reinforced concrete incorporate openings (300) to delineate gaps,

16.-Modular building system according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the prefabricated pieces of reinforced concrete comprise large prefabricated reinforced concrete civil works.

17.-Modular building system according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the executed building (100, 101, 102, 103, 104) is buried.

18. - Modular building system according to any one of claims 1 to 16 characterized in that the executed building (100, 101, 102, 103, 104) is on the surface.

19. - Modular building system according to claim 18 characterized in that the executed building (100, 101, 102, 103, 104) on the surface comprises an insulation.