WO2015018203A1 - 堵漏剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

堵漏剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015018203A1
WO2015018203A1 PCT/CN2014/074235 CN2014074235W WO2015018203A1 WO 2015018203 A1 WO2015018203 A1 WO 2015018203A1 CN 2014074235 W CN2014074235 W CN 2014074235W WO 2015018203 A1 WO2015018203 A1 WO 2015018203A1
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Prior art keywords
water
parts
soluble
polymer
plugging
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PCT/CN2014/074235
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郭拥军
罗平亚
张新民
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西南石油大学
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Publication of WO2015018203A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015018203A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/42—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells
    • C09K8/44—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing organic binders only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/42—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells
    • C09K8/46—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement
    • C09K8/467—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement containing additives for specific purposes
    • C09K8/487—Fluid loss control additives; Additives for reducing or preventing circulation loss
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/50—Compositions for plastering borehole walls, i.e. compositions for temporary consolidation of borehole walls
    • C09K8/504—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
    • C09K8/506—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
    • C09K8/508—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds
    • C09K8/5083—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of drilling technology, in particular to a plugging agent and a preparation method thereof.
  • a downhole complex is one of the most common and common technical problems in downhole engineering.
  • the leakage can be divided into five levels, namely micro-leakage, small leakage, medium leakage, large leakage, and malignant leakage.
  • malignant leakage is the most serious and most difficult to solve leakage problem, mainly in the presence of fractures and caves.
  • the oil and gas reservoirs of the fractured stratum are underground.
  • Malignant leakage is mainly manifested by the complete loss of circulation of the oil well working fluid pumped into the well.
  • serious leakage may occur.
  • Malignant leakage is the most serious leakage in the wellbore during drilling. It not only consumes drilling time, but also loses a lot of drilling mud. It may cause a series of complicated situations such as stuck drilling, blowout, and well collapse, and even lead to the remnancy of the wellbore, resulting in a major economy. Loss, and serious social impact.
  • the main idea in the existing technology is to inject leakage material into the leakage layer and seal the leakage layer to solve the problem of plugging.
  • the performance of the material is the key to determine the effectiveness of the plugging. Different plugging materials are used differently depending on their characteristics.
  • plugging materials and corresponding technologies for plugging leaking materials have been developed at home and abroad, such as shear thickening fluid plugging technology, diesel-bentonite-cement plugging technology, diesel-bentonite slurry technology. , plugging agent underground mixing thickening method, quick-setting cement, thixotropic cement, foam cement and other special cement slurry plugging technology, bag type plugging technology, polymer (delay) cross-linking the plugging agent of the invention and clear water Drill casing sealing technology, wellhead sand filling technology, composite plugging bag, nylon bag plugging tool, plugging material composed of water-soluble shell, circulating plugging method, cement slurry advancing blocking method, etc.
  • shear thickening fluid plugging technology such as shear thickening fluid plugging technology, diesel-bentonite-cement plugging technology, diesel-bentonite slurry technology.
  • plugging agent underground mixing thickening method such as shear thickening fluid plugging technology, diesel-bentonite-cement plug
  • the viscosity of the plugging material is low: first, all the materials for plugging the leak must be fluid. Therefore, if the viscosity of the plugging material is low, when the plugging material encounters the leaking layer, it will leak a lot and flow into the deep part of the drain layer, but not in the leak. Stacking near the entrance of the layer forms a slug, so that it can not be plugged at the entrance, and it is difficult to completely fill the slot.
  • the cohesive force of the plugging agent is low, and it is easy to be diluted by water: in general, there are water or mud in the cracks in the formation, and the plugging agent is generally water-based. When the two are in contact, they are naturally mixed, and the plugging agent will be diluted. This will bring two direct results: [1] the thinning of the plugging agent will make it easier to run away, and the plugging material will be more difficult to stay in the vicinity of the inlet in the drain layer. [2] After the plugging agent is diluted, It is difficult to coagulate and solidify, or the coagulation strength is greatly reduced, the compressive performance is lowered, and the pressure of the mud or working fluid in the well cannot be withstood to cause the plugging failure.
  • the existing plugging agent is easily diluted by water, it is not easy to accumulate in the leakage layer, and it is not easy to form the slug required for plugging. Therefore, the plugging effect of the existing plugging agent is not good, and the success rate of plugging is low. .
  • the invention provides a plugging agent and a preparation method thereof, the plugging agent is easy to enter the leakage layer, has good viscoelasticity, can make it rise through the throat, fills the leaking crack, and dissolves the cavity space. And can automatically stop the flow in the leakage layer, and it is difficult to mix with oil, gas and water to form a gel "segment" with high viscosity and static shear force that can block the fluid inside the formation and the wellbore fluid, and make the segment
  • the plug has sufficient starting pressure difference to exceed the difference between the mud column pressure and the formation fluid pressure to achieve the purpose of plugging.
  • the invention also discloses a plugging method using the plugging agent, the plugging method and the plugging agent are mainly for large leakage, loss of return, and the amount of return is too small (leakage speed of several tens of squares/hour or more) As well as leakage and coexistence of cracks, karst caves, fractured formations and plugging with bridge plugs, leakage while drilling and other methods can not solve the problem of leakage, the use of this plugging agent and plugging method is simple without the need to add additional plugging equipment And it can effectively solve all kinds of vicious misses, and has good application value and social value.
  • a plugging agent including:
  • a composition of a water soluble hydrophobically associating polymer or a water soluble hydrophobically associating polymer is provided.
  • the water-soluble hydrophobic associative polymer comprises:
  • composition of the water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer comprises:
  • composition of water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer and water Composition of water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer and water, combination of water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer with surfactant and water, composition of water-soluble hydrophobic associative polymer and water-swellable particles and water, water-soluble hydrophobic a combination of a combination of a polymer and a crosslinking agent and water, a composition of a water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer and a bridge plugging material and water, and a composition of a water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer and cement and water Combination of species or multiples.
  • the amphiphilic unsaturated monomer comprises an alkyl dimethylallyl chloride amine.
  • the hydrophobic ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprises an N-alkyl acrylamide.
  • the nonionic ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprises any one or more of acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-tert-butylacrylamide and N-methylacrylamide.
  • the monoethylenically unsaturated acid comprises allylsulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid; and/or a base of allylsulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid a metal; and/or an ammonium salt of allyl sulfonic acid, styrene sulfonic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid.
  • the composition of the water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer and water, in parts by mass comprises: 0.5 to 5 parts of a water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer and 95 to 99.5 parts of water.
  • the composition of the water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer and water in parts by mass, comprises: 1.2 parts of a water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer and 98.8 parts of water.
  • the water-soluble hydrophobic associative polymer and the surfactant and water combination in parts by mass, include: 0.2-5 parts of water-soluble hydrophobic associative polymer, 0.01 to 3 parts of surfactant And 92-99.79 parts of water.
  • the composition of the water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer and the surfactant and water, in parts by mass, comprises: 1 part of water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer, 0.1 part of surfactant and 98.9 parts of water .
  • the surfactant comprises any one or more of sodium C8-C18 alkyl sulfonate, sodium C8-C18 alkyl benzene sulfonate and sodium C8-C18 alkyl sulfate.
  • the composition of the water-soluble hydrophobic associative polymer and the water-swellable particles and water, in parts by mass comprises: 0.2-5 parts of water-soluble hydrophobic associative polymer, 0.1-10 parts of water-swellable particles And 85-99.7 parts of water.
  • the composition of the water-soluble hydrophobic associative polymer and the water-swellable particles and water, in parts by mass comprises: 1 part of water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer, 3 parts of water-swellable particles and 96 parts of water .
  • the water swellable particles comprise any one or more of water absorbing resin particles and water absorbing rubber particles.
  • the composition of the water-soluble hydrophobic associative polymer and the crosslinking agent and water, in parts by mass, comprises: 0.2-5 parts of water-soluble hydrophobic associative polymer, 0.01-2 parts of crosslinking agent , 93-99.79 parts of water.
  • the composition of the water-soluble hydrophobic associative polymer and the crosslinking agent and water, in parts by mass, comprises: 1 part of water-soluble hydrophobic association polymer, 0.2 part of crosslinking agent, 98.8 parts of water .
  • the crosslinking agent comprises: any one or more of phenolic, Cr 3+ and Al 3+ .
  • the composition of the water-soluble hydrophobic associative polymer and the bridge plugging material and water, in parts by mass comprises: 0.2-5 parts of water-soluble hydrophobic associative polymer, 1-10 parts of bridge Plugging material, 85-98.8 parts water.
  • the composition of the water-soluble hydrophobic associative polymer and the bridge plugging material and water, in parts by mass, comprises: 1 part of water-soluble hydrophobic associative polymer, 5 parts of bridge plugging material , 96 parts of water.
  • the bridge plugging material comprises any one or more of a walnut shell, a cotton husk, and rubber particles.
  • the composition of the water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer and cement and water in parts by mass, comprises: 0.5 to 5 parts of water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer, 166.7 to 250 parts of cement, 95.0 to 99.5 Water.
  • the composition of the water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer and cement and water in parts by mass, comprises: 1 part of water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer, 222 parts of cement, and 99 parts of water.
  • the cement comprises any one or more of oil well cement, quick-drying cement and fiber cement.
  • a method for preparing a plugging agent which comprises a post-copolymerization hydrolysis method and a copolymerization co-hydrolysis method:
  • the comonomer comprises an amphiphilic unsaturated monomer, a hydrophobic ethylenically unsaturated monomer, a monoethylenically unsaturated acid, an alkali metal of a monoethylenically unsaturated acid, an ammonium salt of a monoethylenically unsaturated acid, and Any one or more of nonionic ethylenically unsaturated monomers, and further recommended that the ratio of each monomer is (in parts by mass): 1-10 parts of amphiphilic unsaturated monomer or hydrophobic olefinic Saturated monomer, 20-35 parts of monoethylenically unsaturated acid, and 79-55 parts of nonionic ethylenically unsaturated monomer.
  • the amphiphilic unsaturated monomer may be an alkyl dimethylallyl chloride, wherein the alkyl chain length may be C6-C22, C12-C20 is recommended, and further preferably C14-C18.
  • the hydrophobic ethylenically unsaturated monomer may be an N-alkyl acrylamide.
  • the nonionic ethylenically unsaturated monomer may be any one or more of acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-tert-butylacrylamide and N-methylacrylamide.
  • the monoethylenically unsaturated acid may be allylsulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid; and/or allylsulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid An alkali metal; and/or an allyl salt of allylsulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid.
  • the water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer monomer solution has a total monomer concentration of from 15% to 35%.
  • the polymerization temperature ranges from 5 to 50 °C.
  • the initiator is a combination of a redox initiator and a thermal initiator, wherein the oxidizing agent is one or more of potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, and sodium persulfate; and the reducing agent is sodium sulfite or hydrogen sulfite.
  • the thermal initiators are azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisisobutylphosphonium hydrochloride, azodiisopropylimidazoline hydrochloride, and azodi One or more of dimethyl isobutyrate;
  • the concentration of the initiator is 0.05-1% of the total mass of the hydrophobic monomer and the nonionic monomer, and further recommended to be 0.2-0.5%;
  • the amount of sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate added is from 2 to 5% by mass of the water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer colloid.
  • the hydrolysis temperature is 75-95 ° C and the hydrolysis time is 2-4 hours.
  • the drying temperature is from 90 to 110 ° C and the drying time is from 2 to 4 hours.
  • the comonomer comprises an amphiphilic unsaturated monomer, a hydrophobic ethylenically unsaturated monomer, a monoethylenically unsaturated acid, an alkali metal of a monoethylenically unsaturated acid, an ammonium salt of a monoethylenically unsaturated acid, and Any one or more of nonionic ethylenically unsaturated monomers, and further recommended that the ratio of each monomer is (in parts by mass): 1-10 parts of amphiphilic unsaturated monomer or hydrophobic olefinic Saturated monomer, 20-35 parts of monoethylenically unsaturated acid, and 79-55 parts of nonionic ethylenically unsaturated monomer.
  • the amphiphilic unsaturated monomer may be an alkyl dimethylallyl chloride, wherein the alkyl chain length may be C6-C22, C12-C20 is recommended, and further preferably C14-C18.
  • the hydrophobic ethylenically unsaturated monomer may be an N-alkyl acrylamide.
  • the nonionic ethylenically unsaturated monomer may be any one or more of acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-tert-butylacrylamide and N-methylacrylamide.
  • the monoethylenically unsaturated acid may be allylsulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid; and/or allylsulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid An alkali metal; and/or an allyl salt of allylsulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid.
  • the water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer monomer solution has a total monomer concentration of from 15% to 35%.
  • the initiator is a combination of a redox initiator and a thermal initiator, wherein the oxidizing agent is one or more of potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, and sodium persulfate; and the reducing agent is sodium sulfite or hydrogen sulfite.
  • the thermal initiators are azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisisobutylphosphonium hydrochloride, azodiisopropylimidazoline hydrochloride, and azodi One or more of dimethyl isobutyrate;
  • the concentration of the initiator is 0.05-1% of the total mass of the hydrophobic monomer and the nonionic monomer, and further recommended to be 0.2-0.5%;
  • the amount of sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate added is 8-20% of the total mass of each monomer.
  • the polymerization temperature ranges from 5 to 50 °C.
  • the drying temperature is from 90 to 110 ° C and the drying time is from 2 to 4 hours.
  • the method further comprises:
  • the water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer was added to water over 10-20 minutes and stirred for 2-3 hours.
  • the method further comprises:
  • the water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer was added to the water previously mixed with the surfactant in 10-20 minutes and stirred for 2-3 hours.
  • the method further comprises:
  • the water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer was added to water previously mixed with water-swellable particles in 10 to 20 minutes, and stirred for 2-3 hours.
  • the method further comprises:
  • the water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer was added to water previously mixed with a crosslinking agent in 10-20 minutes and stirred for 2-3 hours.
  • the method further comprises:
  • the water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer was added to water previously mixed with a bridge plugging material in 10-20 minutes and stirred for 2-3 hours.
  • the method further comprises:
  • a plugging method for applying the above plugging agent comprising:
  • the plugging agent is being squeezed into the lost formation
  • the plugging agent is injected into the lost formation again, so that the first injected plugging agent is completely ejected from the drilling tool, and the leakage of the leaking agent is maintained.
  • the near wellbore annulus at the upper portion of the layer and the drain layer is filled with the plugging agent;
  • the first and second time between the plugging agent being squeezed into the lost bottom layer is 5-10 minutes.
  • the filling the space between the near wellbore annulus and the wellhead comprises:
  • the leak stop agent of the present invention adopts a composition of a water-soluble hydrophobic association polymer or a water-soluble hydrophobic association polymer, and the water-soluble hydrophobic association polymer is a water-based fluid.
  • its own cohesive force is far greater than its affinity with oil, gas and water. Therefore, when it meets oil, gas, water, etc., it is difficult to mix with each other, and each becomes an independent phase, while the water is very It's hard to mix with it and dilute it.
  • the plugging agent of the present invention has a high viscosity and a good shear thinning ability, wherein the apparent viscosity is greater than 10000 mPa.s (7.34 s -1 ); the 1-minute static shear force is greater than or equal to 15 Pa.
  • the plugging agent of the invention has good viscoelasticity and high elastic ratio, can fully discharge the formation fluid, effectively occupy or fill the underground leakage layer and the cavity space, and thus can be easily formed completely in the formation. Separate formation fluids and slugs from the wellbore.
  • the plugging agent of the present invention creates an internal structure upon standing and will increase over time, and greater stress must be added to overcome this static shear force in order to return to flow.
  • plugging agent of the present invention can be mixed with other solid materials such as bridge plug particles, cement, earth moving, etc. without affecting the above characteristics.
  • the slug formed by the plugging agent of the present invention has a certain static yield stress and elasticity, and has a high starting pressure gradient; by replacing the plugging agent into the well, it is lost into the crack due to it. It is difficult to mix with water, water is difficult to dilute it, and it has good viscoelasticity and high viscosity, and has a large flow nucleus, which can form a piston-type propulsion flooding in the crack and fill the entire crack. If the leakage agent leaking into the formation increases, the leakage velocity is slowed down, and the viscosity of the fluid rapidly increases in the crack, so that the leakage velocity is further slowed down, which in turn promotes a rapid increase in viscosity. Such circulation will cause the fluid to enter the leakage layer. When entering a certain distance deep in the drain layer, the flow is automatically stopped and a slug of the completely separated formation and the wellbore is formed.
  • the leak stop agent of the present invention is a plugging agent plug of the present invention capable of completely isolating the relationship between the formation fluid and the wellbore, it is a structural fluid having a large moving resistance due to its strong static structural strength. In order for it to start, there must be enough pressure to push it. Therefore, if the (P mud-P leak) is smaller than the pressure drop required when the plugging agent plugging agent of the present invention re-moves (ie, continues to leak), the plugging is successful.
  • This plug can make a variety of existing plugging and plugging technologies work better. Because it has good carrying capacity; and it can automatically stop as soon as it enters the leaking layer; and it can not be mixed with oil, gas and water, and it is not easy to be diluted by water; it can completely discharge the formation fluid. Deep into the ground, occupying the entire lost space; forming a plugging plug of the present invention in contact with the wellbore in a completely isolated formation. This is the biggest defect and weakness of the existing plugging and plugging technologies. For example, the reason why the cement slurry used for plugging often fails is unstoppable and diluted by water, so it is compatible with other current plugging agents. Combined with plugging technology, you may get better results.
  • the leak stop and plugging method of the present invention is particularly suitable for preventing or preventing cracking (crack width greater than 1 mm) and the malignant leakage of the downhole working fluid during drilling and other downhole operations, and the resulting oil and gas Blowout of high pressure formations.
  • the plugging method is also applicable to plugging operations under similar conditions in other fields.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for plugging a leak according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method of plugging leakage according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a plugging agent whose main component is a water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer or a composition of a water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer.
  • water-soluble hydrophobic associative polymer comprises:
  • composition of the water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer comprises:
  • composition of water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer and water Composition of water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer and water, combination of water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer with surfactant and water, composition of water-soluble hydrophobic associative polymer and water-swellable particles and water, water-soluble hydrophobic a combination of a combination of a polymer and a crosslinking agent and water, a composition of a water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer and a bridge plugging material and water, and a composition of a water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer and cement and water Combination of species or multiples.
  • the amphiphilic unsaturated monomer may be an alkyl dimethylallyl ammonium chloride wherein the alkyl chain length may be C6-C22, preferably C12-C20, preferably C14-C18.
  • the hydrophobic ethylenically unsaturated monomer may be an N-alkyl acrylamide.
  • the nonionic ethylenically unsaturated monomer may be any one or more of acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-tert-butylacrylamide and N-methylacrylamide.
  • the monoethylenically unsaturated acid may be allylsulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid; and/or allylsulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid An alkali metal; and/or an allyl salt of allylsulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid.
  • the plugging agent is a combination of the water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer and water
  • it may be 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of the water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer and 95 to 99.5 parts by weight of the mass fraction.
  • it is 1.2 parts of water-soluble hydrophobic associative polymer and 98.8 parts of water.
  • the cleanliness of the water is arbitrary, and it can be ordinary tap water or oil well sewage on the spot.
  • the plugging agent is a combination of the water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer and a surfactant and water, it may be 0.2 to 5 parts of water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer, 0.01 to 3 parts by mass in parts by mass.
  • it is 1 part of a water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer, 0.1 part of a surfactant and 98.9 parts of water.
  • the preferred ratio is obtained according to the experiment. After the experiment, the strength of the plugging agent increases first and then decreases with the increase of the concentration of the surfactant, and the intensity is the largest when 0.1 parts is added, and the intensity decreases after adding more than 3 parts.
  • the surfactant may be any one or more of sodium C8-C18 alkyl sulfonate, sodium C8-C18 alkylbenzene sulfonate, and sodium C8-C18 alkyl sulfate.
  • C12-C16 alkyl sulfonic acid is recommended.
  • the plugging agent is a combination of the water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer and the water swellable granules and water, it may be 0.2-5 parts of water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer, 0.1-10 parts by weight, in parts by mass. Expanded granules and 85-99.7 parts of water. Preferably, it is 1 part of a water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer, 3 parts of water-swellable particles and 96 parts of water.
  • the preferred ratio is obtained according to the experiment. After the experiment, after adding the water swellable particles, the strength of the plugging agent increases due to the water absorption of the particles. When the particles are increased to 3 parts, the plugging agent is contained in the plugging agent. The viscoelasticity begins to deteriorate.
  • the water swellable particles may be any one or more of water absorbing resin particles and water absorbing rubber particles.
  • the plugging agent is a combination of the water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer and a crosslinking agent and water, it may be 0.2 in parts by mass. - 5 parts of water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer, 0.01-2 parts of cross-linking agent, 93-99.79 parts of water.
  • it is 1 part of a water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer, 0.2 part of a crosslinking agent and 98.8 parts of water.
  • the preferred ratio is obtained according to the experiment. After the experiment, the strength of the plugging agent increases with the increase of the concentration of the cross-linking agent, but when the concentration of the cross-linking agent is too large, excessive cross-linking occurs, and the gel elasticity is deteriorated. Reduced stability.
  • the crosslinking agent may be any one or more of phenolic, trivalent chromium ion Cr 3+ and trivalent aluminum ion Al 3+ .
  • the plugging agent is a combination of the water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer and the bridge plugging material and water, it may be 0.2-5 parts of water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer, in parts by mass, 1-10 Part of the bridge plugging material and 85-98.8 parts of water. Preferably, it is 1 part water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer, 5 parts of bridge plugging material, and 96 parts of water.
  • the plugging agent of the present invention is a solid-phase plugging agent, after the bridge plug solid phase plugging material is added, the bridge plug particles play in the process of the plugging agent entering the drain layer. Bridge action, but if the bridge plug particles are used too high, the gel continuity will be broken and the viscoelasticity will be reduced.
  • the bridge plugging material may be any one or more of a walnut shell, a cotton husk, and rubber particles.
  • the plugging agent is a combination of the water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer and cement and water, it may be 0.5-5 parts of water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer, 166.7-250 parts of cement, 95.0 parts by mass. -99.5 parts water. Preferably, it is 1 part water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer, 222 parts of cement, and 99 parts of water.
  • the preferred ratio is obtained experimentally, which ensures the inherent viscoelastic properties of the plugging agent and ensures the curing characteristics of the cement.
  • the cement may be any one or more of oil well cement, quick-drying cement and fiber cement.
  • the first embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for preparing a plugging agent (post-copolymerization hydrolysis method), which comprises the following steps:
  • Adding deionized water according to the metering ratio adding the raw material and stirring to form a monomer solution; then introducing high-purity nitrogen into the monomer solution, and controlling the temperature of the system (ie, polymerization temperature) by using a chilled brine or a hot circulating water bath; Then, an initiator is added to the monomer solution to initiate polymerization; after the polymerization reaction is completed, the water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer colloid is pulverized into granules, hydrolyzed by adding sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate, and dried and pulverized.
  • the comonomer comprises an amphiphilic unsaturated monomer, a hydrophobic ethylenically unsaturated monomer, a monoethylenically unsaturated acid, an alkali metal of a monoethylenically unsaturated acid, an ammonium salt of a monoethylenically unsaturated acid, and Any one or more of nonionic ethylenically unsaturated monomers, and further recommended that the ratio of each monomer is (in parts by mass): 1-10 parts of amphiphilic unsaturated monomer or hydrophobic olefinic Saturated monomer, 20-35 parts of monoethylenically unsaturated acid, and 79-55 parts of nonionic ethylenically unsaturated monomer.
  • the amphiphilic unsaturated monomer may be an alkyl dimethylallyl chloride, wherein the alkyl chain length may be C6-C22, C12-C20 is recommended, and further preferably C14-C18.
  • the hydrophobic ethylenically unsaturated monomer may be an N-alkyl acrylamide.
  • the nonionic ethylenically unsaturated monomer may be any one or more of acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-tert-butylacrylamide and N-methylacrylamide.
  • the monoethylenically unsaturated acid may be allylsulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid; and/or allylsulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid An alkali metal; and/or an allyl salt of allylsulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid.
  • the water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer monomer solution has a total monomer concentration of from 15% to 35%.
  • the polymerization temperature ranges from 5 to 50 °C.
  • the initiator is a combination of a redox initiator and a thermal initiator, wherein the oxidizing agent is one or more of potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, and sodium persulfate; and the reducing agent is sodium sulfite or hydrogen sulfite.
  • the thermal initiators are azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisisobutylphosphonium hydrochloride, azodiisopropylimidazoline hydrochloride, and azodi One or more of dimethyl isobutyrate;
  • the concentration of the initiator is 0.05-1% of the total mass of the hydrophobic monomer and the nonionic monomer, and further recommended to be 0.2-0.5%;
  • the amount of sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate added is from 2 to 5% by mass of the water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer colloid.
  • the hydrolysis temperature is 75-95 ° C and the hydrolysis time is 2-4 hours.
  • the drying temperature is from 90 to 110 ° C and the drying time is from 2 to 4 hours.
  • the water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer monomer employs any one or more of an amphiphilic unsaturated monomer, a hydrophobic ethylenically unsaturated monomer, and a nonionic ethylenically unsaturated monomer.
  • the preparation method may also be a copolymerization co-hydrolysis method, comprising the following steps:
  • the comonomer comprises an amphiphilic unsaturated monomer, a hydrophobic ethylenically unsaturated monomer, a monoethylenically unsaturated acid, an alkali metal of a monoethylenically unsaturated acid, an ammonium salt of a monoethylenically unsaturated acid, and Any one or more of nonionic ethylenically unsaturated monomers, and further recommended that the ratio of each monomer is (in parts by mass): 1-10 parts of amphiphilic unsaturated monomer or hydrophobic olefinic Saturated monomer, 20-35 parts of monoethylenically unsaturated acid, and 79-55 parts of nonionic ethylenically unsaturated monomer.
  • the amphiphilic unsaturated monomer may be an alkyl dimethylallyl chloride, wherein the alkyl chain length may be C6-C22, C12-C20 is recommended, and further preferably C14-C18.
  • the hydrophobic ethylenically unsaturated monomer may be an N-alkyl acrylamide.
  • the nonionic ethylenically unsaturated monomer may be any one or more of acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-tert-butylacrylamide and N-methylacrylamide.
  • the monoethylenically unsaturated acid may be allylsulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid; and/or allylsulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid An alkali metal; and/or an allyl salt of allylsulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid.
  • the water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer monomer solution has a total monomer concentration of from 15% to 35%.
  • the initiator is a combination of a redox initiator and a thermal initiator, wherein the oxidizing agent is one or more of potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, and sodium persulfate; and the reducing agent is sodium sulfite or hydrogen sulfite.
  • the thermal initiators are azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisisobutylphosphonium hydrochloride, azodiisopropylimidazoline hydrochloride, and azodi One or more of dimethyl isobutyrate;
  • the concentration of the initiator is 0.05-1% of the total mass of the hydrophobic monomer and the nonionic monomer, and further recommended to be 0.2-0.5%;
  • the amount of sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate added is 8-20% of the total mass of each monomer.
  • the polymerization temperature ranges from 5 to 50 °C.
  • the drying temperature is from 90 to 110 ° C and the drying time is from 2 to 4 hours.
  • a composition of another substance constituting the water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer may be further added.
  • the water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer is added to water in 10-20 minutes and stirred for 2-3 hours to obtain a water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer and A composition of water. This allows the polymer particles to be sufficiently dissolved.
  • the water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer is added to the water previously mixed with the surfactant in 10-20 minutes and stirred for 2-3 hours to obtain a composition of the water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer and the surfactant and water. .
  • the water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer is added to water previously mixed with water-swellable particles in 10-20 minutes, and stirred for 2-3 hours to obtain a composition of water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer and water-swellable particles and water. .
  • the water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer is added to water previously mixed with a crosslinking agent in 10-20 minutes and stirred for 2-3 hours to obtain a composition of a water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer and a crosslinking agent and water. .
  • the water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer is added to the water previously mixed with the bridge plugging material in 10-20 minutes, and stirred for 2-3 hours to obtain a water-soluble hydrophobic associative polymer and a bridge plugging material and A composition of water.
  • cement is further added and stirred for 1 hour to obtain a composition of a water-soluble hydrophobically associating polymer and cement and water.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for applying the plugging agent to block the leak. As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the method includes:
  • Step 301 The plugging agent is being squeezed into the lost formation; the amount of the plugging agent may be 50-200 m 3 (depending on the leak rate of the oil and gas well, the crack width, and the depth of the crack. If the leak rate is large, the crack is wide The deeper the crack, the recommended plugging agent 100-200m 3 ; if the leakage speed is medium, the crack is wide, the crack is far deep, you can use the plugging agent 50-100m 3 ; this process should be fast, a lot of leakage and more into the plugging Leakage agent.
  • Step 302 after the plugging agent is being squeezed into the lost formation, the plugging agent is injected into the lost ground layer again, so that the first injected plugging agent is completely ejected from the drilling tool, and the plugging is maintained.
  • the leakage layer of the agent and the near wellbore annulus at the upper portion of the drain layer are filled with the leak stop agent;
  • Step 303 Fill the space between the near-wellbore annulus and the wellhead and let it stand for more than 5 hours.
  • step 302 if the uppermost hole of the near hole and the wellhead are not filled with mud, the original mud (or clear water) may be used for backfilling to fill the annulus.
  • the first and second time intervals between the plugging agent being squeezed into the lost bottom layer are preferably 5-10 minutes. Subsequently, if you want to drill the drill bit, you can fill the original mud with each of the three columns, and use the drilling time to block the plugging agent for more than 5 hours, so that it can fully form the structure, shear force, strength and elasticity. Drill down progress should be appropriate, do not be too aggressive, after the first disturbance, then slowly open the top of the pump, after normal circulation (or drilling), there is mud back, and the pump pressure and displacement are unchanged (normal), and then After disturbance, pressure test, limited rolling and other operations, the liquid level of the annulus is unchanged or no longer leaks, indicating successful plugging.
  • Formulation 1.2 parts of polymer + 98.8 parts of H 2 O, viscosity 35800 mPa.s, static shear force 19.0 Pa; Applicable conditions: shallow well, low temperature (within 70 ° C), pressure (poor) less than 3 Mpa.
  • the mud density was 1.02-1.03g/cm 3
  • the liquid level lost was 200 meters.
  • the particle size of the bridge bridge was 3-5mm, and the cement plug was used nine times. The plugging failed.
  • the liquid surface was found to be 29 meters, the drill pipe was drilled to 1500 meters, and the leaking agent 34m 3 of the present invention was pumped, and then the water was injected into the water for 12m 3 . After the drilling tool was allowed to stand for 6 hours, the drill was drilled to the bottom of the well and the pump was opened. The amount of return is normal. After 15 minutes of circulation, the pumping displacement was normal at 150KN+65rpm, and the pump displacement was normal.
  • Formulation 1 part polymer + 0.1 part surfactant + 98.9 parts H 2 O, the viscosity of the plugging agent of the invention is 43600mpa.s, static shear force 20.5Pa, applicable conditions: shallow well, low temperature (within 70 ° C), pressure (Poor) is less than 3Mpa.
  • the 407 well was drilled to the well 187 meters deep, and the leak was blocked by the bridge plug type (composite plugging agent + single seal + soil powder).
  • the wellhead returns the plugging agent of the present invention to block the slurry, shuts the well port, injects 1.5m 3 of the plugging agent of the invention, and the pump pressure is 3MPa, stopping After the pump drops to 1 MPa.
  • the plugging was successful. Lost and lost when drilling to a depth of 324 meters, and plugging with a bridge plug type (composite plugging agent + single seal + soil powder) was unsuccessful.
  • the positive plugging agent is 40m 3 , and the plug is statically blocked for 4 hours. The drill is drilled to the bottom of the well to drill, the slurry is normal, and the plugging is successful.
  • Well Chuan 207 drilled to a depth of 1872m, lost loss and lost, and drilled to prepare the above-mentioned leakage agent 60m 3 of the present invention, lowering the drill pipe to the bottom of the well, and sealing the well to squeeze into the 45m 3 , the pressure is 0.5MPa, 10min drop. Open the well and return 2m 3 . Drilling down to the bottom of the well to drill normally, plugging is successful.
  • Applicable conditions deep well, high temperature (50-140 ° C), pressure (poor) less than 5Mpa.
  • Formulation 1 part of the plugging agent of the present invention is dissolved in H 2 O, and then the cement amount is calculated according to the water-cement ratio of 0.45, and directly added to the sealed plugging agent system of the present invention, and after being uniformly stirred, the measurement is performed. Its initial setting time is 2-3 hours.
  • Formulation The various formulations described above are the plugging agent tailing cement of the present invention.
  • the current methods of plugging are invalid, and it is decided to hit the cement plug sealing layer: in order to ensure the success of the cement plug, it is necessary to effectively block the deep 3843m, 3446m, 3436m (all lost) Leak layer.
  • 70m 3 (1%) of the plugging agent of the invention is pumped separately for the three drain layers; the tail chasing cement 25m 3 , one success, the cement return height is 2355m, and the cement plug has 100m of the plugging agent of the invention. .
  • the killing of the well was successful once and the rescue was successfully completed.
  • the Well No. 9 drilled by the 40595 drilling team is located in Wushenqi, Wushenqi.
  • the well is drilled to a depth of 2220 meters (stratification: Heshanggou).
  • the drill pipe is drilled to The well depth is 2120 meters, and the new polymer plugging agent (25m 3 clean water + 350kg of the plugging agent of the invention) pumped into the configuration is 20m 3 , and the cement is plugged into the 20m 3 after the shut-in is successful.

Abstract

本发明公开了一种堵漏剂及其制备方法，该堵漏剂包括水溶性疏水缔合聚合物或水溶性疏水缔合聚合物的组合物，其制备方法为共聚共水解法或共聚后水解法。该堵漏剂，容易进入漏层，具有良好的粘弹性使其能过喉道澎涨，充满漏失裂缝、溶洞空间，并在漏层中能自动停止流动，且难与油、气、水相混合，形成能隔断地层内部流体与井筒流体的具有高粘度和静切力的凝胶"段塞"，而使该段塞具有足够的启动压差，以大于泥浆柱压力与地层流体压力的差来达到堵漏的目的。该堵漏剂及其制备方法能够有效解决各种恶性漏失，具有良好的应用价值与社会价值。

Description

堵漏剂及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及钻井技术领域，特别涉及一种堵漏剂及其制备方法。
 背景技术
井漏是在钻井、固井、测试或修井等特种井下作业过程中，各种工作液，包括泥浆、水泥浆、完井液及其它液体等，在压差的作用下，漏失进地层的一种井下复杂情况，是井下工程中最普遍最常见的技术难题之一。
按漏速可将漏失分为五级即微漏、小漏、中漏、大漏、恶性井漏，其中恶性井漏是最严重也是最难解决的漏失问题，主要发生于存在裂缝性、溶洞性、破碎性地层的油气藏井下。恶性漏失主要表现为泵入井内的油井工作液有进无出完全丧失循环。通常在钻遇溶洞及较大的天然裂缝时会发生有进无出的严重漏失，有时钻遇长井段承压能力低的地层时也可能会发生有进无出的严重漏失。
恶性漏失是钻井过程井漏中最严重漏失，它不仅会耗费钻井时间，损失大量钻井泥浆，而且有可能引起卡钻、井喷、井塌等一系列复杂情况，甚至导致井眼报废，造成重大经济损失，和严重的社会影响。
为解决井漏问题，现有的技术中主要的思路是向漏层注入堵漏材料，封堵漏层，从而解决堵漏问题，其中堵漏材料的性能是决定堵漏效果好坏的关键，针对不同的堵漏材料，因其特性不同，其使用方法也有不同。
目前，国内外已经开发了很多种堵漏材料及相应的使用该堵漏材料进行堵漏的技术，如剪切稠化液堵漏技术、柴油—膨润土—水泥堵漏技术，柴油—膨润土浆技术、封包堵剂井下混合增稠法，速凝水泥、触变水泥、泡沫水泥等专用水泥浆堵漏技术，袋式堵漏技术、聚合物(延迟)交联本发明的堵漏剂以及清水强钻套管封隔技术、井口填砂技术、复合堵漏袋、尼龙袋堵漏工具、投入用水溶性壳体组成的堵漏物质、循环堵漏法，水泥浆推进堵楼法等，但是，对于严重漏失井，使用上述堵漏方法的堵漏成功率不高。
例如中石化南方分公司在重庆市梁平县部署的重点探井“金鸡1井”，该井在钻井施工中，由于钻遇到多处溶洞、裂缝及地下暗河等特殊地层，发生严重的恶性井漏，从2005年3月8日开钻至8月20日期间，未能建立起正常的泥浆循环，曾先后采用桥浆堵漏、随钻堵漏、水泥浆堵漏及泡沫泥浆防漏等方法施工103次，未达到封堵住漏层的目的，由于井漏，该井共漏失工作液73415.5m3，损失巨大。
其中造成使用现有堵漏材料和堵漏方法进行堵漏，成功率不高的主要原因如下：
1、堵漏材料的粘度低：首先所有堵漏材料都必须是流体，因此如果堵漏材料粘度低，堵漏材料遇到漏层时，也会大量漏失、流入漏层深部，而不能在漏层入口附近堆积，形成段塞，也就不能在入口处起到堵漏作用，很难将缝洞完全填满。
2、堵漏剂的内聚力低，易被水冲稀：一般地层裂缝溶洞中都有水或泥浆，堵漏剂一般为水基，两者一接触，自然相混，必然将堵漏剂冲稀，这样会带来两个直接结果：[1]冲稀使堵漏剂粘度下降更易流走，堵漏材料更难滞留堆集在漏层内的入口附近，[2]堵漏剂冲稀后，难以凝结固化，或使凝结强度大大降低，抗压性能下降，无法承受井内泥浆或工作液的压力从而使堵漏失败。
总之，现有的堵漏剂容易被水冲稀，不容易在漏层聚集，不易形成堵漏所需的段塞，因此使用现有堵漏剂的堵漏效果不好，堵漏成功率低。
 技术问题
本发明提供了一种堵漏剂及其该堵漏剂的制备方法，该堵漏剂，容易进入漏层，具有良好的粘弹性使其能过喉道澎涨，充满漏失裂缝、溶洞空间，并在漏层中能自动停止流动，且难与油、气、水相混合，形成能隔断地层内部流体与井筒流体的具有高粘度和静切力的凝胶“段塞”，而使该段塞具有足够的启动压差，以大于泥浆柱压力与地层流体压力的差来达到堵漏的目的。本发明还公开了一种应用该堵漏剂的堵漏方法，该堵漏方法及堵漏剂主要是针对大漏、失返、返出量太小（漏速几十方/小时以上）的以及喷漏共存的裂缝性、溶洞性、破碎性地层和用桥塞堵漏、随钻堵漏等方法无法解决的漏失问题，采用此堵漏剂及堵漏方法简单不需要增加额外堵漏设备且能够有效解决各种恶性漏失，具有良好的应用价值与社会价值。
 技术解决方案
为达上述目的，本发明的技术方案具体是这样实现的：
一种堵漏剂，包括：
水溶性疏水缔合聚合物或水溶性疏水缔合聚合物的组合物。
较佳地，所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物包括：
由双亲不饱和单体、疏水性烯属不饱和单体、单烯属不饱和酸、单烯属不饱和酸的碱金属、单烯属不饱和酸的铵盐以及非离子烯属不饱和单体中的任意一种或多种共聚而成的共聚物；
和/或，双亲不饱和单体、疏水性烯属不饱和单体和非离子烯属不饱和单体中的任意一种或多种共聚而成的共聚物，再用碱水解获得的物质；
较佳地，所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物的组合物包括：
水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与水的组合物、水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与表面活性剂及水的组合物、水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与吸水膨胀颗粒及水的组合物、水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与交联剂及水的组合物、水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与桥塞堵漏材料及水的组合物和水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与水泥及水的组合物中的一种或多种的组合。
较佳地，所述双亲不饱和单体包括为烷基二甲基烯丙基氯化胺。
较佳地，所述疏水性烯属不饱和单体包括为N-烷基丙烯酰胺。
较佳地，所述非离子烯属不饱和单体，包括丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、N-叔丁基丙烯酰胺和N-甲基丙烯酰胺中的任意一种或多种。
较佳地，所述单烯属不饱和酸包括烯丙基磺酸、苯乙烯磺酸、乙烯基磺酸；和/或，烯丙基磺酸、苯乙烯磺酸、乙烯基磺酸的碱金属；和/或，烯丙基磺酸、苯乙烯磺酸、乙烯基磺酸的铵盐。
较佳地，所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与水的组合物，以质量份数计，包括：0.5-5份水溶性疏水缔合聚合物和95-99.5份水。
较佳地，所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与水的组合物，以质量份数计，包括：1.2份水溶性疏水缔合聚合物和98.8份水。
较佳地，所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与表面活性剂及水的组合物，以质量份数计，包括：0.2-5份水溶性疏水缔合聚合物，0.01-3份表面活性剂和92-99.79份水。
较佳地，所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与表面活性剂及水的组合物，以质量份数计，包括：1份水溶性疏水缔合聚合物，0.1份表面活性剂和98.9份水。
较佳地，所述表面活性剂包括：C8-C18烷基磺酸钠、C8-C18烷基苯磺酸钠和C8-C18烷基硫酸钠中的任意一种或多种。
较佳地，所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与吸水膨胀颗粒及水的组合物，以质量份数计，包括：0.2-5份水溶性疏水缔合聚合物，0.1-10份吸水膨胀颗粒和85-99.7份水。
较佳地，所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与吸水膨胀颗粒及水的组合物，以质量份数计，包括：1份水溶性疏水缔合聚合物，3份吸水膨胀颗粒和96份水。
较佳地，所述吸水膨胀颗粒包括：吸水树脂颗粒和吸水橡胶颗粒中的任意一种或多种。
较佳地，所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与交联剂及水的组合物，以质量份数计，包括：0.2-5份水溶性疏水缔合聚合物，0.01-2份交联剂，93-99.79份水。
较佳地，所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与交联剂及水的组合物，以质量份数计，包括：1份水溶性疏水缔合聚合物，0.2份交联剂，98.8份水。
较佳地，所述交联剂包括：酚醛、Cr3+和Al3+中的任意一种或多种。
较佳地，所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与桥塞堵漏材料及水的组合物，以质量份数计，包括：0.2-5份水溶性疏水缔合聚合物，1-10份桥塞堵漏材料，85-98.8份水。
较佳地，所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与桥塞堵漏材料及水的组合物，以质量份数计，包括：1份水溶性疏水缔合聚合物，5份桥塞堵漏材料，96份水。
较佳地，所述桥塞堵漏材料包括：核桃壳、棉籽壳、橡胶颗粒中的任意一种或多种。
较佳地，所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与水泥及水的组合物，以质量份数计，包括：0.5-5份水溶性疏水缔合聚合物，166.7-250份水泥，95.0-99.5份水。
较佳地，所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与水泥及水的组合物，以质量份数计，包括：1份水溶性疏水缔合聚合物，222份水泥，99份水。
较佳地，所述水泥包括：油井水泥、快干水泥和纤维水泥中的任意一种或多种。
一种堵漏剂的制备方法，该方法包括共聚后水解法和共聚共水解法：
1）共聚后水解法
按照计量比加入去离子水，将各共聚单体加入其中并搅拌均匀形成单体溶液；然后在单体溶液中通入高纯氮气，并采用冷冻盐水或热循环水浴控制体系的温度（即聚合温度）；然后在单体溶液中加入引发剂引发聚合；聚合反应结束后，将水溶性疏水缔合聚合物胶体粉碎成颗粒，加入氢氧化钠或碳酸钠进行水解，并经干燥、粉碎后即得。
其中，所述共聚单体包括双亲不饱和单体、疏水性烯属不饱和单体、单烯属不饱和酸、单烯属不饱和酸的碱金属、单烯属不饱和酸的铵盐以及非离子烯属不饱和单体中的任意一种或多种，并进一步推荐各单体的配比为（以质量份数计）：1-10份双亲不饱和单体或疏水性烯属不饱和单体、20-35份单烯属不饱和酸、和79-55份非离子烯属不饱和单体。
较佳地，所述双亲不饱和单体可以是烷基二甲基烯丙基氯化胺，其中烷基链长可以为C6-C22，推荐C12-C20，进一步推荐为C14-C18。
较佳地，所述疏水性烯属不饱和单体可以是N-烷基丙烯酰胺。
较佳地，所述非离子烯属不饱和单体，可以是丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、N-叔丁基丙烯酰胺和N-甲基丙烯酰胺中的任意一种或多种。
较佳地，所述单烯属不饱和酸可以是烯丙基磺酸、苯乙烯磺酸、乙烯基磺酸；和/或，烯丙基磺酸、苯乙烯磺酸、乙烯基磺酸的碱金属；和/或，烯丙基磺酸、苯乙烯磺酸、乙烯基磺酸的铵盐。
较佳地，所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物单体溶液的总单体浓度为15%-35%。
较佳地，所述聚合温度范围为5-50℃。
较佳地，所述引发剂为氧化还原引发剂和热引发剂的组合物，其中氧化剂为过硫酸钾、过硫酸铵、过硫酸钠的一种或几种；还原剂为亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、尿素、三乙醇胺的一种或几种；热引发剂为偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐、偶氮二异丙基咪唑啉盐酸盐和偶氮二异丁酸二甲酯的一种或几种；
所述引发剂的浓度为疏水单体和非离子单体总质量的0.05-1%，并进一步推荐为0.2-0.5%；
较佳地，氢氧化钠或碳酸钠的加量为水溶性疏水缔合聚合物胶体质量的2-5%。
较佳地，所述水解温度为75-95℃，水解时间为2-4小时。
较佳地，所述干燥温度为90-110℃，干燥时间为2-4小时。
2）共聚共水解法
按照计量比加入去离子水，将原料加入其中并搅拌均匀形成单体溶液；再加入一定质量的氢氧化钠或碳酸钠，搅拌均匀；然后在单体溶液中通入高纯氮气，并采用冷冻盐水或热循环水浴控制体系的温度（即聚合温度）；然后在单体溶液中加入引发剂引发聚合；聚合反应结束后，将水溶性疏水缔合聚合物胶体粉碎成颗粒，并经干燥、粉碎后即得。
其中，所述共聚单体包括双亲不饱和单体、疏水性烯属不饱和单体、单烯属不饱和酸、单烯属不饱和酸的碱金属、单烯属不饱和酸的铵盐以及非离子烯属不饱和单体中的任意一种或多种，并进一步推荐各单体的配比为（以质量份数计）：1-10份双亲不饱和单体或疏水性烯属不饱和单体、20-35份单烯属不饱和酸、和79-55份非离子烯属不饱和单体。
较佳地，所述双亲不饱和单体可以是烷基二甲基烯丙基氯化胺，其中烷基链长可以为C6-C22，推荐C12-C20，进一步推荐为C14-C18。
较佳地，所述疏水性烯属不饱和单体可以是N-烷基丙烯酰胺。
较佳地，所述非离子烯属不饱和单体，可以是丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、N-叔丁基丙烯酰胺和N-甲基丙烯酰胺中的任意一种或多种。
较佳地，所述单烯属不饱和酸可以是烯丙基磺酸、苯乙烯磺酸、乙烯基磺酸；和/或，烯丙基磺酸、苯乙烯磺酸、乙烯基磺酸的碱金属；和/或，烯丙基磺酸、苯乙烯磺酸、乙烯基磺酸的铵盐。
较佳地，所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物单体溶液的总单体浓度为15%-35%。
较佳地，所述引发剂为氧化还原引发剂和热引发剂的组合物，其中氧化剂为过硫酸钾、过硫酸铵、过硫酸钠的一种或几种；还原剂为亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、尿素、三乙醇胺的一种或几种；热引发剂为偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐、偶氮二异丙基咪唑啉盐酸盐和偶氮二异丁酸二甲酯的一种或几种；
所述引发剂的浓度为疏水单体和非离子单体总质量的0.05-1%，并进一步推荐为0.2-0.5%；
较佳地，氢氧化钠或碳酸钠的加量为各单体总质量的8-20%。
较佳地，所述聚合温度范围为5-50℃。
较佳地，所述干燥温度为90-110℃，干燥时间为2-4小时。
在得到水溶性疏水缔合聚合物之后，该方法进一步包括：
在10-20分钟内将所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物加入水中，并搅拌2-3小时。
较佳地，在所述得到水溶性疏水缔合聚合物之后，该方法进一步包括：
在10-20分钟内将所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物加入预先混有表面活性剂的水中，并搅拌2-3小时。
较佳地，在所述得到水溶性疏水缔合聚合物之后，该方法进一步包括：
在10-20分钟内将所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物加入预先混有吸水膨胀颗粒的水中，并搅拌2-3小时。
较佳地，在所述得到水溶性疏水缔合聚合物之后，该方法进一步包括：
在10-20分钟内将所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物加入预先混有交联剂的水中，并搅拌2-3小时。
较佳地，在所述得到水溶性疏水缔合聚合物之后，该方法进一步包括：
在10-20分钟内将所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物加入预先混有桥塞堵漏材料的水中，并搅拌2-3小时。
较佳地，所述搅拌2-3小时之后，该方法进一步包括：
加入水泥，并搅拌1小时。
一种应用上述堵漏剂的堵漏方法，该方法包括：
将所述堵漏剂正挤入漏失地层；
在将所述堵漏剂正挤入漏失地层后，再次向所述漏失地层注入堵漏剂，使第一次注入的堵漏剂被完全顶出钻具，并保持所述堵漏剂的漏层及漏层上部的近井眼环空充满所述堵漏剂；
填满所述近井眼环空到井口之间空间，并静置5小时以上。
较佳地，所述第一次和第二次将堵漏剂正挤入所述漏失底层之间的时间间隔为5-10分钟。
较佳地，所述填满所述近井眼环空到井口之间空间，包括：
使用泥浆或水反灌入所述近井眼环空到井口之间空间。
 有益效果
由上述技术方案可见，本发明的这种堵漏剂，采用水溶性疏水缔合聚合物或水溶性疏水缔合聚合物的组合物，水溶性疏水缔合聚合物是一种水基的流体，但其自身的内聚力远远的大于它与油、气、水之间的亲合力，因此它与油、气、水等相遇时，很难相互混合，而各自成独立的一相，同时水很难与它混合并冲稀它。
其次，本发明的这种堵漏剂有很高的粘度和很好的剪切稀释能力，其中，表观黏度大于10000mPa.s(7.34s-1)；1分钟静切力大于等于15Pa。在较高速梯(如300-1000S-1)下有较低的粘度(100-200mPa.s)，因此，在输送管内有较好的流动性，但在低速梯下有很高粘度且速梯愈低粘度愈高，例如速梯在7.34s-1时，其粘度有5-10万mPa.s或更高。
而且，本发明的这种堵漏剂有很好的粘弹性，且弹性比例高，能充分排驱地层流体，有效占据或充满地下漏层缝、洞空间，从而很容易在地层中能形成完全隔离地层流体与井筒的段塞。
另外，本发明的这种堵漏剂静置后产生内部结构而且会随时间而增强，欲使之恢复流动必须附加更大的应力以克服此静切力。
再有，本发明的这种堵漏剂能与其它固体材料，如桥塞粒子、水泥、搬土等混合而不影响上述特性。
最后，本发明的这种堵漏剂所形成的段塞有一定的静屈服应力和弹性，有很高的启动压力梯度；通过将该堵漏剂替入井内，让其漏失进入裂缝，由于它与水不易混合，水难以将其冲稀，同时它又具有良好的粘弹性和高粘度，并有很大的流核，则可在裂缝中形成活塞式推进驱水并充满整个裂缝，随着漏入地层的堵漏剂增多，则漏速减慢，流体在裂缝中粘度急速增加，则使漏速因此而进一步减慢，则又促进粘度急速增加，如此循环，将使进入漏层的流体在进入漏层深处一定的距离时，自动停止流动，并形成完全隔段地层与井筒的段塞。
由于本发明的堵漏剂是一种能完全隔绝地层流体与井筒之间联系的本发明的堵漏剂段塞，它是移动阻力很大的结构性流体，由于它有很强的静结构强度，要使它启动必须要有足够的压力来推动。因此若（P泥-P漏）小于此本发明的堵漏剂段塞堵漏剂重新移动（即继续漏失）时所需压降，则堵漏成功。
在井内正压差时,它相当于增加的漏层漏失压力；若压差小于它则堵漏成功，若压差大于它则堵漏不成功，但增加了安全密度窗口的上限。在负压差时，它相当于降低了的地层压力，即等于压住此地层流体所需泥浆密度的降低值（即降低了安全窗口的下限）。因此它不仅可能直接堵住这种恶性漏失，而且它对于扩大由“漏-喷”形成的安全密度窗口有不可替代的作用。
此段塞能使现有多种堵漏剂及堵漏技术能更好的发挥作用。由于它有很好的携带能力；而且它在进入漏层后很快能按要求自动停住；并且能不与油、气、水混合，也不易被水冲稀；能将地层流体完全排驱入地层深处，占满整个漏失空间；形成完全隔断地层与井筒联系的本发明的堵漏剂段塞。这正是现有各种堵漏剂和堵漏技术最大缺陷和弱项，例如，堵漏用水泥浆常失效的原因多是定不住和被水冲稀，因此它与其它目前多种堵漏剂和堵漏技术联合使用，则可能会收到更好的效果。
本发明的堵漏剂和堵漏方法特别适用于防止或阻止裂缝性（裂缝宽度大于1mm）和破脆性地层在钻井和其他井下作业过程中的井下工作液的恶性漏失，以及由此引发的油气高压地层的井喷。该堵漏方法也适用于其他领域类似条件下的堵漏作业。
 附图说明
图1为本发明实施例的堵漏方法流程图。
图2为本发明实施例的堵漏方法示意图。
图中，1-井口，2-钻杆，3-堵漏剂液面，4-近井眼环空，5-漏层。
 本发明的实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下参照附图并举实施例，对本发明进一步详细说明。
本发明实施例提供了一种堵漏剂，其主要成分为水溶性疏水缔合聚合物或水溶性疏水缔合聚合物的组合物。
其中，所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物包括：
由双亲不饱和单体、疏水性烯属不饱和单体、单烯属不饱和酸、单烯属不饱和酸的碱金属、单烯属不饱和酸的铵盐以及非离子烯属不饱和单体中的任意一种或多种共聚而成的共聚物；
和/或，双亲不饱和单体、疏水性烯属不饱和单体和非离子烯属不饱和单体中的任意一种或多种共聚而成的共聚物，再用碱水解获得的物质；
其中，所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物的组合物包括：
水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与水的组合物、水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与表面活性剂及水的组合物、水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与吸水膨胀颗粒及水的组合物、水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与交联剂及水的组合物、水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与桥塞堵漏材料及水的组合物和水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与水泥及水的组合物中的一种或多种的组合。
较佳地，所述双亲不饱和单体可以是烷基二甲基烯丙基氯化胺，其中烷基链长可以为C6-C22，推荐C12-C20，最好是C14-C18。
较佳地，所述疏水性烯属不饱和单体可以是N-烷基丙烯酰胺。
较佳地，所述非离子烯属不饱和单体，可以是丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、N-叔丁基丙烯酰胺和N-甲基丙烯酰胺中的任意一种或多种。
较佳地，所述单烯属不饱和酸可以是烯丙基磺酸、苯乙烯磺酸、乙烯基磺酸；和/或，烯丙基磺酸、苯乙烯磺酸、乙烯基磺酸的碱金属；和/或，烯丙基磺酸、苯乙烯磺酸、乙烯基磺酸的铵盐。
如果堵漏剂采用所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与水的组合物，则以质量份数计，可以是0.5-5份水溶性疏水缔合聚合物和95-99.5份水。优选是1.2份水溶性疏水缔合聚合物和98.8份水，这样的配比经过实验得来，水溶性疏水缔合聚合物的浓度过高，成本过高，溶液配制和注入困难，水溶性疏水缔合聚合物的浓度低，则得不到需要的性能，所以实验得出这一配比能够得到综合性能的平衡。
其中，水的清洁程度任意，可以是普通的自来水也可以就地利用油井污水。
如果堵漏剂采用所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与表面活性剂及水的组合物，则以质量份数计，可以是0.2-5份水溶性疏水缔合聚合物，0.01-3份表面活性剂和92-99.79份水。优选是1份水溶性疏水缔合聚合物，0.1份表面活性剂和98.9份水。
优选配比是根据实验得到的，经实验，堵漏剂的强度随着表面活性剂浓度的增加先增加后降低，加入0.1份时强度最大，加入大于3份后强度降幅较大。
其中，表面活性剂可以是C8-C18烷基磺酸钠、C8-C18烷基苯磺酸钠、C8-C18烷基硫酸钠中的任意一种或多种，推荐C12-C16烷基磺酸钠、C12-C16烷基苯磺酸钠和C12-C16烷基硫酸钠。
如果堵漏剂采用所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与吸水膨胀颗粒及水的组合物，则以质量份数计，可以是0.2-5份水溶性疏水缔合聚合物，0.1-10份吸水膨胀颗粒和85-99.7份水。优选是1份水溶性疏水缔合聚合物，3份吸水膨胀颗粒和96份水。
优选配比是根据实验得到的，经实验，加入吸水膨胀颗粒后，由于颗粒吸水，堵漏剂强度增加，当颗粒增加到3份后，由于堵漏剂内含颗粒较多，堵漏剂的粘弹性开始变差。
其中所述吸水膨胀颗粒可以是吸水树脂颗粒和吸水橡胶颗粒中的任意一种或多种。
如果堵漏剂采用所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与交联剂及水的组合物，则以质量份数计，可以是0.2 -5份水溶性疏水缔合聚合物，0.01-2份交联剂，93-99.79份水。
优选是1份水溶性疏水缔合聚合物，0.2份交联剂和98.8份水。
优选配比是根据实验得到的，经实验，堵漏剂强度随着交联剂浓度的增加而增加，但当交联剂浓度过大时会产生过度交联，使凝胶弹性变差，稳定性降低。
其中，所述交联剂可以是酚醛、3价铬离子Cr3+和3价铝离子Al3+中的任意一种或多种。
如果堵漏剂采用所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与桥塞堵漏材料及水的组合物，则以质量份数计，可以是0.2-5份水溶性疏水缔合聚合物，1-10份桥塞堵漏材料和85-98.8份水。优选是1份水溶性疏水缔合聚合物，5份桥塞堵漏材料，96份水。
优选配比是根据实验得到的，由于本发明的堵漏剂为无固相堵漏剂，加入桥塞固相堵漏材料后，在堵漏剂进入漏层过程中桥塞颗粒起到架桥作用，但如果桥塞颗粒使用过高会破坏凝胶连续性从而使粘弹性降低。
其中，所述桥塞堵漏材料可以是核桃壳、棉籽壳、橡胶颗粒中的任意一种或多种。
如果堵漏剂采用所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与水泥及水的组合物，则以质量份数计，可以是0.5-5份水溶性疏水缔合聚合物，166.7-250份水泥，95.0-99.5份水。优选是1份水溶性疏水缔合聚合物，222份水泥，99份水。
优选配比是根据实验得到的，该比例即保证了堵漏剂固有的粘弹特性又保证了水泥固化的特性。
其中，所述水泥可以是油井水泥、快干水泥和纤维水泥中的任意一种或多种。
为制备上述堵漏剂，本发明实施例一还提供一种堵漏剂的制备方法（共聚后水解法），该方法包括如下步骤：
1）共聚后水解法
按照计量比加入去离子水，将原料加入其中并搅拌均匀形成单体溶液；然后在单体溶液中通入高纯氮气，并采用冷冻盐水或热循环水浴控制体系的温度（即聚合温度）；然后在单体溶液中加入引发剂引发聚合；聚合反应结束后，将水溶性疏水缔合聚合物胶体粉碎成颗粒，加入氢氧化钠或碳酸钠进行水解，并经干燥、粉碎后即得。
其中，所述共聚单体包括双亲不饱和单体、疏水性烯属不饱和单体、单烯属不饱和酸、单烯属不饱和酸的碱金属、单烯属不饱和酸的铵盐以及非离子烯属不饱和单体中的任意一种或多种，并进一步推荐各单体的配比为（以质量份数计）：1-10份双亲不饱和单体或疏水性烯属不饱和单体、20-35份单烯属不饱和酸、和79-55份非离子烯属不饱和单体。
较佳地，所述双亲不饱和单体可以是烷基二甲基烯丙基氯化胺，其中烷基链长可以为C6-C22，推荐C12-C20，进一步推荐为C14-C18。
较佳地，所述疏水性烯属不饱和单体可以是N-烷基丙烯酰胺。
较佳地，所述非离子烯属不饱和单体，可以是丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、N-叔丁基丙烯酰胺和N-甲基丙烯酰胺中的任意一种或多种。
较佳地，所述单烯属不饱和酸可以是烯丙基磺酸、苯乙烯磺酸、乙烯基磺酸；和/或，烯丙基磺酸、苯乙烯磺酸、乙烯基磺酸的碱金属；和/或，烯丙基磺酸、苯乙烯磺酸、乙烯基磺酸的铵盐。
较佳地，所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物单体溶液的总单体浓度为15%-35%。
较佳地，所述聚合温度范围为5-50℃。
较佳地，所述引发剂为氧化还原引发剂和热引发剂的组合物，其中氧化剂为过硫酸钾、过硫酸铵、过硫酸钠的一种或几种；还原剂为亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、尿素、三乙醇胺的一种或几种；热引发剂为偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐、偶氮二异丙基咪唑啉盐酸盐和偶氮二异丁酸二甲酯的一种或几种；
所述引发剂的浓度为疏水单体和非离子单体总质量的0.05-1%，并进一步推荐为0.2-0.5%；
较佳地，氢氧化钠或碳酸钠的加量为水溶性疏水缔合聚合物胶体质量的2-5%。
较佳地，所述水解温度为75-95℃，水解时间为2-4小时。
较佳地，所述干燥温度为90-110℃，干燥时间为2-4小时。
实施例二、
如果所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物单体采用双亲不饱和单体、疏水性烯属不饱和单体和非离子烯属不饱和单体中的任意一种或多种。则其制备方法还可以为共聚共水解法，包括如下步骤：
按照计量比加入去离子水，将原料加入其中并搅拌均匀形成单体溶液；再加入一定质量的氢氧化钠或碳酸钠，搅拌均匀；然后在单体溶液中通入高纯氮气，并采用冷冻盐水或热循环水浴控制体系的温度（即聚合温度）；然后在单体溶液中加入引发剂引发聚合；聚合反应结束后，将水溶性疏水缔合聚合物胶体粉碎成颗粒，并经干燥、粉碎后即得。
其中，所述共聚单体包括双亲不饱和单体、疏水性烯属不饱和单体、单烯属不饱和酸、单烯属不饱和酸的碱金属、单烯属不饱和酸的铵盐以及非离子烯属不饱和单体中的任意一种或多种，并进一步推荐各单体的配比为（以质量份数计）：1-10份双亲不饱和单体或疏水性烯属不饱和单体、20-35份单烯属不饱和酸、和79-55份非离子烯属不饱和单体。
较佳地，所述双亲不饱和单体可以是烷基二甲基烯丙基氯化胺，其中烷基链长可以为C6-C22，推荐C12-C20，进一步推荐为C14-C18。
较佳地，所述疏水性烯属不饱和单体可以是N-烷基丙烯酰胺。
较佳地，所述非离子烯属不饱和单体，可以是丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、N-叔丁基丙烯酰胺和N-甲基丙烯酰胺中的任意一种或多种。
较佳地，所述单烯属不饱和酸可以是烯丙基磺酸、苯乙烯磺酸、乙烯基磺酸；和/或，烯丙基磺酸、苯乙烯磺酸、乙烯基磺酸的碱金属；和/或，烯丙基磺酸、苯乙烯磺酸、乙烯基磺酸的铵盐。
较佳地，所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物单体溶液的总单体浓度为15%-35%。
较佳地，所述引发剂为氧化还原引发剂和热引发剂的组合物，其中氧化剂为过硫酸钾、过硫酸铵、过硫酸钠的一种或几种；还原剂为亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、尿素、三乙醇胺的一种或几种；热引发剂为偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐、偶氮二异丙基咪唑啉盐酸盐和偶氮二异丁酸二甲酯的一种或几种；
所述引发剂的浓度为疏水单体和非离子单体总质量的0.05-1%，并进一步推荐为0.2-0.5%；
较佳地，氢氧化钠或碳酸钠的加量为各单体总质量的8-20%。
较佳地，所述聚合温度范围为5-50℃。
较佳地，所述干燥温度为90-110℃，干燥时间为2-4小时。
另外，制备出水溶性疏水缔合聚合物后，还可以进一步加入其他物质组成水溶性疏水缔合聚合物的组合物。
例如，在所述得到水溶性疏水缔合聚合物之后，在10-20分钟内将所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物加入水中，并搅拌2-3小时，得到水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与水的组合物。这样可以使聚合物颗粒充分溶解。
在10-20分钟内将所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物加入预先混有表面活性剂的水中，并搅拌2-3小时，得到水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与表面活性剂和水的组合物。
在10-20分钟内将所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物加入预先混有吸水膨胀颗粒的水中，并搅拌2-3小时，得到水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与吸水膨胀颗粒和水的组合物。
在10-20分钟内将所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物加入预先混有交联剂的水中，并搅拌2-3小时，得到水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与交联剂和水的组合物。
在10-20分钟内将所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物加入预先混有桥塞堵漏材料的水中，并搅拌2-3小时，得到水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与桥塞堵漏材料和水的组合物。
或者，在得到的水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与水的组合物之后，进一步加入水泥，并搅拌1小时，得到水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与水泥和水的组合物。
另外，为实现堵漏，本发明实施例还提供一种应用上述堵漏剂进行堵漏的方法，如图1、图2所示，该方法包括：
步骤301、将所述堵漏剂正挤入漏失地层；堵漏剂的用量可以是50-200 m3（根据油气井漏速、裂缝宽度、裂缝深远程度而定。如果漏速大、裂缝宽、裂缝越深远，推荐用堵漏剂100-200m3；如果漏速中等、裂缝较宽、裂缝较深远，则可以用堵漏剂50-100m3；此过程宜快、大量漏失及多进入堵漏剂。
步骤302、在将所述堵漏剂正挤入漏失地层后，再次向所述漏失地层注入堵漏剂，使第一次注入的堵漏剂被完全顶出钻具，并保持所述堵漏剂的漏层及漏层上部的近井眼环空充满所述堵漏剂；
可以低排量（减速）（泥浆泵中等冲数）再正挤入堵漏剂20-50m3，让其完全顶出钻具内第一次注入的堵漏剂，并保持堵漏剂液面超过漏层，并占据漏层上部的近井眼环空部分，例如通过正挤入原泥浆（或清水），让其完全顶出钻具内第二次注入的堵漏剂，从而使堵漏剂全部占据漏层及其近井眼环空部分。
步骤303、填满所述近井眼环空到井口之间空间，并静置5小时以上。
步骤302之后，若近井眼环空最上部与井口之间未充满泥浆，可以用原泥浆（或清水）反灌，使环空充满。
其中，所述第一次和第二次将堵漏剂正挤入所述漏失底层之间的时间间隔最好为5-10分钟。随后，若要起钻接钻头，可以每起3个立柱灌满原泥浆，利用起钻时间，让堵漏剂静堵5小时以上，使其充分形成结构、切力、强度、弹性等。下钻进度要适当，不要过激，到底后先扰动，再慢开泵顶一顶，正常循环（或打钻）后，有泥浆返出，且泵压及排量不变（正常），再则经扰动、试压、有限度的蹩压等作业后，环空液面不变或不见再漏，表明堵漏成功。
下面举一些应用实例。
实例1、
配方：1.2份聚合物+98.8份H2O，粘度35800mPa.s，静切力19.0Pa；适用条件：浅井、温度低（70℃以内）、压力（差）小于3Mpa。
现场应用
柳67-72井钻至1629米处发生漏失时，采用的泥浆密度1.02-1.03g/cm3，漏失液面最大200米，采用桥浆架桥物质粒径3-5mm，打水泥塞九次堵漏均失败。探得液面29米，下光钻杆至1500米，泵入本发明的堵漏剂34m3，随后注入清水12m3，起出钻具静置6小时后下钻至井底，开泵外返排量正常。循环15分钟后，150KN+65rpm钻进8米，泵压排量均正常，堵漏成功。
实例2
配方： 1份聚合物+0.1份表面活性剂+98.9份H2O，本发明的堵漏剂粘度43600mpa.s，静切力20.5Pa，适用条件：浅井、温度低（70℃以内）、压力（差）小于3Mpa。
现场应用
胜407井钻至井深187米发生井漏，用桥堵型堵漏浆 (综合堵漏剂+单封+土粉)堵漏，未成功。正注上述本发明的堵漏剂20m3, 泵入10m3时井口返出本发明的堵漏剂堵漏浆，关井口，注入1.5m3本发明的堵漏剂，泵压为3MPa，停泵后降至1MPa。静堵4小时，堵漏成功。钻至井深324米时发生失返漏失，用桥堵型堵漏浆 (综合堵漏剂+单封+土粉)堵漏，未成功。正注堵漏剂40m3，静堵4小时，下钻至井底开钻，返浆正常，堵漏成功。
实例3
配方：1份聚合物+3份吸水膨胀颗粒+96份水，
适用条件：浅井、温度低（70℃以内）、压力（差）小于5Mpa。
现场应用
川207井钻至井深1872m，发生失返漏失，停钻配制上述本发明的堵漏剂60m3，下光钻杆至井底，关封井器挤入45m3，稳压0.5MPa，10min 不降。开封井器，返吐2m3。下钻至井底开钻正常，堵漏成功。
实例4
0.01份-2份交联剂，99.79份-93份水，推荐1份聚合物，0.2份交联剂，98.8份水，
适用条件：深井、温度高（50-140℃）、压力（差）小于5Mpa。
现场应用
川024井钻遇侏罗系三间房组地层时，发生裂缝性只进不出漏失，漏失井深2495米，漏失地层为J2S，岩性为灰绿色粉砂岩。停钻配制本发明上述堵漏剂80m3 ，下钻杆至井底，将堵漏浆本发明的堵漏剂快速正挤入漏失地层50m3，随后紧接着低排量（减速）再正挤入堵漏剂30m3，紧接着正挤入原泥浆，让其完全顶出钻具内第二次注入堵漏剂，堵漏剂静堵5小时。使其充分形成结构、切力、强度、弹性等。随后，下钻钻井循环中排量、泵压正常，堵漏成功。
实例5
配方：1份聚合物+5份堵漏材料+96份水，
适用条件：中低温（90℃以内）、压力（差）小于8Mpa
现场应用：
地104井钻至2178米时泵压下降/井口泥浆失返，发现井漏立即停钻，配稠浆60m3，泵入井内，开泵3分钟泥浆返出，排量只有正常量的1/4，钻头后下放至2178米泥浆，井口失返。先后堵漏7次（表套角注水泥1次、井底注水泥5次、桥塞堵漏1次），均未成功，决定新型聚合物本发明的堵漏剂+桥塞堵漏材料堵漏。清水配制50m3，1份聚合物加5份桥塞堵漏材料，搅拌2小时后；下光钻杆至井底，开泵泵入43m3堵漏剂后，井口返出钻井液；关封井器挤入堵漏剂5m3，静止堵漏5小时，下钻钻进，井口返浆正常，堵漏成功。
实例6
配方：1份本发明的堵漏剂+H2O中溶解后，再按水灰比0.45，计算好水泥量，直接加入配好的本发明的堵漏剂体系中，搅拌均匀后，测得其初凝时间为2-3小时。
适用条件：各个条件均可
现场应用：
川204井钻至2011米时发生失返性漏失，采用13次白土桥塞堵漏浆速凝水泥均不能形成有效的水泥塞，填井侧钻。侧钻出去后钻到2013米失返，使用白土桥塞堵漏浆始终未见返出，改为本发明的堵漏剂加水泥堵漏，配制60m3堵漏剂，注入45m3时，泥浆返出趋于正常，关封井器挤入10m3堵漏剂，关井12小时后，堵漏成功。
实例7
配方：上述各种配方本发明的堵漏剂尾追水泥。
适用条件：各个条件均可
现场应用
（1）川东北双庙1井，三开后，从2083—3573.01m，须家何、雷口坡、嘉陵江共六个漏点：3483m（失返）、3448m（失返）、3436m（失返）、2769m、2749m、2231m；承压能力1.70-1.80。1.60g/cm3泥浆正常钻进：钻至3573m高压气层，P气为1.90（△P为-0.2)：加重泥浆压气层则漏层漏失，形成强烈井喷；压井抢险时必须先堵住“有进无出”的恶性漏失。堵漏约历经两个月，现行各种方法堵漏无效，决定打水泥塞封气层：为保证打水泥塞成功，必须有效堵住深部的3483m、3446m、3436m（均为失返）三个漏层。为此，分别针对三个漏层共泵入70m3（1%）本发明的堵漏剂；尾追水泥25m3，一次成功、水泥返高2355m，水泥塞上有100m的本发明的堵漏剂。压井封堵一次成功，保证抢险顺利完成。
（2）40595钻井队承钻的召9井，位于乌审旗乌审召，该井钻进至井深2220米（地层：和尚沟）发生漏失，钻至井深2265米后，下光钻杆至井深2120米，泵入配置的新型聚合物堵漏剂（25m3清水＋350kg本发明的堵漏剂）20m3，关井挤入20m3后注水泥堵漏成功。
（3）40619钻井队承钻的洲24-25井，位于米脂县杜家石沟镇，该井钻至井深1803米发生漏失，钻至井深1958米后，起钻下光钻杆至井深1780米，泵入配置的新型聚合物堵漏剂（25m3清水＋350kg 本发明的堵漏剂）16.5m3，关井挤入20m3，后紧接着注水泥堵漏成功。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明保护的范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种堵漏剂，其特征在于，所述堵漏剂包括：水溶性疏水缔合聚合物或水溶性疏水缔合聚合物的组合物。
  2. 根据权利1要求所述的堵漏剂，其特征在于，所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物由双亲不饱和单体、疏水性烯属不饱和单体、单烯属不饱和酸、单烯属不饱和酸的碱金属、单烯属不饱和酸的铵盐以及非离子烯属不饱和单体中的任意一种或多种共聚而成的共聚物；
    其中，所述双亲不饱和单体包括：烷基二甲基烯丙基氯化胺，烷基碳原子数为6-22；
    所述疏水性烯属不饱和单体包括：N-烷基丙烯酰胺；
    所述单烯属不饱和酸包括：烯丙基磺酸、苯乙烯磺酸、乙烯基磺酸；
    和/或，烯丙基磺酸、苯乙烯磺酸、乙烯基磺酸的碱金属；
    和/或，烯丙基磺酸、苯乙烯磺酸、乙烯基磺酸的铵盐；
    所述非离子烯属不饱和单体包括：
    丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、N-叔丁基丙烯酰胺和N-甲基丙烯酰在胺中的任意一种或多种。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的堵漏剂，其特征在于，所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物包括：
    以质量份数计，1-10份双亲不饱和单体或疏水性烯属不饱和单体；
    20-35份单烯属不饱和酸，或单烯属不饱和酸的碱金属，或单烯属不饱和酸的铵盐；
    79-55份非离子烯属不饱和单体。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的堵漏剂，其特征在于，所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物的组合物包括：
    水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与水的组合物、水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与表面活性剂及水的组合物、水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与吸水膨胀颗粒及水的组合物、水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与交联剂及水的组合物、水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与桥塞堵漏材料及水的组合物和水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与水泥及水的组合物中的一种或多种的组合。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的堵漏剂，其特征在于，
    所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与水的组合物，以质量份数计，包括：0.5-5份水溶性疏水缔合聚合物和95-99.5份水；
    所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与表面活性剂及水的组合物，以质量份数计，包括：0.2-5份水溶性疏水缔合聚合物，0.01-3份表面活性剂和92-99.79份水；表面活性剂包括：C8-C18烷基磺酸钠、C8-C18烷基苯磺酸钠和C8-C18烷基硫酸钠中的任意一种或多种；
    所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与吸水膨胀颗粒及水的组合物，以质量份数计，包括：0.2-5份水溶性疏水缔合聚合物，0.1-10份吸水膨胀颗粒和85-99.7份水；吸水膨胀颗粒包括：吸水树脂颗粒和吸水橡胶颗粒中的任意一种或多种；
    所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与交联剂及水的组合物，以质量份数计，包括：0.2-5份水溶性疏水缔合聚合物，0.01-2份交联剂，93-99.79份水；所述交联剂包括：酚醛、Cr3+和Al3+中的任意一种或多种；
    所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与桥塞堵漏材料及水的组合物，以质量份数计，包括：0.2-5份水溶性疏水缔合聚合物，1-10份桥塞堵漏材料，85-98.8份水；所述桥塞堵漏材料包括：核桃壳、棉籽壳、橡胶颗粒中的任意一种或多种；
    所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物与水泥及水的组合物，以质量份数计，包括：0.5-5份水溶性疏水缔合聚合物，166.7-250份水泥，95.0-99.5份水；所述水泥包括：油井水泥、快干水泥和纤维水泥中的任意一种或多种。
  6. 一种权利要求2所述的堵漏剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括：按照计量比加入去离子水，将原料加入其中并搅拌均匀形成单体溶液；然后在单体溶液中通入氮气，并采用冷冻盐水或热循环水浴控制聚合温度；然后在所述单体溶液中加入引发剂引发聚合，形成水溶性疏水缔合聚合物胶体；聚合反应结束后，将所述水溶性疏水缔合聚合物胶体粉碎成颗粒，加入氢氧化钠或碳酸钠进行水解，并经干燥、粉碎后即得；
    其中，所述单体溶液的总单体浓度为15%-35%；
    所述聚合温度范围为5-50℃；
    所述引发剂为氧化还原引发剂和热引发剂的组合物，其中氧化剂为过硫酸钾、过硫酸铵、过硫酸钠的一种或几种；还原剂为亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、尿素、三乙醇胺的一种或几种；热引发剂为偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐、偶氮二异丙基咪唑啉盐酸盐和偶氮二异丁酸二甲酯的一种或几种；
    　所述引发剂的浓度为共聚单体总质量的0.05-1%；
    所述氢氧化钠或碳酸钠的加量为胶体质量的2-5%；
    所述水解的温度为75-95℃，水解时间为2-4小时；
    所述干燥温度为90-110℃，干燥时间为2-4小时。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的堵漏剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括：所述引发剂的浓度为共聚单体总质量的0.2-0.5%。
  8. 一种权利要求2所述的堵漏剂的制备方法，其特征在于，按照计量比加入去离子水，将原料加入其中并搅拌均匀形成单体溶液；再加入氢氧化钠或碳酸钠，搅拌均匀；然后在单体溶液中通入氮气，并采用冷冻盐水或热循环水浴控制聚合温度；然后在单体溶液中加入引发剂引发聚合；聚合反应结束后，将水溶性疏水缔合聚合物胶体粉碎成颗粒，并经干燥、粉碎后即得；
    其中，所述单体溶液的总单体浓度为15%-35%；
    所述聚合温度范围为5-50℃；
    所述引发剂为氧化还原引发剂和热引发剂的组合物，其中氧化剂为过硫酸钾、过硫酸铵、过硫酸钠的一种或几种；还原剂为亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、尿素、三乙醇胺的一种或几种；热引发剂为偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐、偶氮二异丙基咪唑啉盐酸盐和偶氮二异丁酸二甲酯的一种或几种；
    所述引发剂的浓度为共聚单体总质量的0.05-1%；
    所述氢氧化钠或碳酸钠的加量为共聚单体总质量的8-20%；
    所述干燥温度为90-110℃，干燥时间为2-4小时。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的堵漏剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述引发剂的浓度为共聚单体总质量的0.2-0.5%。
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