WO2015015858A1 - 蒸気タービンの水分除去装置 - Google Patents
蒸気タービンの水分除去装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015015858A1 WO2015015858A1 PCT/JP2014/062568 JP2014062568W WO2015015858A1 WO 2015015858 A1 WO2015015858 A1 WO 2015015858A1 JP 2014062568 W JP2014062568 W JP 2014062568W WO 2015015858 A1 WO2015015858 A1 WO 2015015858A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- vane
- slit hole
- stator blade
- flow
- water
- Prior art date
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 240000006829 Ficus sundaica Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/32—Collecting of condensation water; Drainage ; Removing solid particles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D9/00—Stators
- F01D9/02—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
- F01D9/04—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector
- F01D9/041—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector using blades
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
- F05D2220/31—Application in turbines in steam turbines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2240/00—Components
- F05D2240/10—Stators
- F05D2240/12—Fluid guiding means, e.g. vanes
- F05D2240/123—Fluid guiding means, e.g. vanes related to the pressure side of a stator vane
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2250/00—Geometry
- F05D2250/10—Two-dimensional
- F05D2250/18—Two-dimensional patterned
- F05D2250/182—Two-dimensional patterned crenellated, notched
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2250/00—Geometry
- F05D2250/20—Three-dimensional
- F05D2250/29—Three-dimensional machined; miscellaneous
- F05D2250/294—Three-dimensional machined; miscellaneous grooved
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2250/00—Geometry
- F05D2250/30—Arrangement of components
- F05D2250/31—Arrangement of components according to the direction of their main axis or their axis of rotation
- F05D2250/312—Arrangement of components according to the direction of their main axis or their axis of rotation the axes being parallel to each other
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2250/00—Geometry
- F05D2250/30—Arrangement of components
- F05D2250/31—Arrangement of components according to the direction of their main axis or their axis of rotation
- F05D2250/314—Arrangement of components according to the direction of their main axis or their axis of rotation the axes being inclined in relation to each other
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a water removing apparatus capable of efficiently removing water droplets and a water film attached to the inner surface of a stationary blade of a steam turbine.
- the wetness of the steam flow is 8% or more near the final stage of the steam turbine.
- the water droplets generated from the wet steam flow cause a loss of moisture, which reduces the efficiency of the turbine.
- water droplets generated from the wet steam collide with a moving blade rotating at high speed to cause an erosion phenomenon.
- Water droplets contained in the wet steam flow adhere to the surface of the stationary blade to form a water film.
- the water film flows as a water film flow on the surface of the stationary blade and flows to the trailing edge side of the stationary blade, and then it breaks at the trailing edge of the stationary blade to form a coarse water droplet.
- FIG. 14 shows the flow field of the steam flow in the steam turbine.
- the stationary blade 100 is connected between a diaphragm 104 provided on the rotor shaft (not shown) side and a support ring 106 provided on the tip side.
- the small water droplets dw included in the wet steam flow s adhere more to the surface of the stationary blade 100, in particular, the ventral surface fs facing the wet vapor s than the stationary blade rear surface bs, and accumulate on the stationary blade ventral surface fs Thus, a water film flow sw directed to the trailing edge side of the stationary blade is formed.
- the water film flow sw on the vane outer surface fs flows from the vane leading edge fe side to the vane trailing edge re side, breaks up at the vane trailing edge re and becomes a coarse water droplet cw, and collides with the downstream blade. Erodes the wing surface.
- FIG. 15 shows a velocity triangle of the wet steam flow s at the vane exit.
- the absolute velocity Vcw of the coarse water droplet cw is smaller than the absolute velocity Vs of the wet steam flow s on the stationary blade outlet side. Therefore, in the relative velocity field in consideration of the circumferential velocity U of the moving blade 102, the relative velocity Wcw of the coarse water droplet cw is larger than the relative velocity Ws of the wet steam flow s, and the incident angle becomes smaller. Crash at high speed on the wing surface of the. This makes the blade 102 susceptible to erosion by the coarse water droplet cw particularly near the tip of the blade 102 where the circumferential velocity is high. In addition, the braking loss of the moving blade 102 is increased by the collision of the coarse water droplet cw.
- Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 disclose the configuration of a stator blade in which such slit holes are formed.
- FIGS. 16 to 19 show an example of a stator blade in which such slit holes are formed.
- both axial ends of the stationary blade 100 are provided on the rotor shaft 108 side and connected between the diaphragm 104 separate from the rotor shaft 108 and the support ring 106 on the tip side.
- the moving blade 102 is integrally formed with the rotor shaft 108 via the disk rotor 110.
- a plurality of slit holes 112 are formed in the vane side surface fs, and a plurality of slit holes 114 are formed in the vane height direction of the vane 100 in the vane rear surface bs, respectively.
- a hollow portion 106 a is also formed inside the support ring 106.
- the water film flow sw may be taken in from the slit holes 112 and 114 with respect to the flow field of the steam flow, and the hollow portion 106 a may have a pressure difference enough to discharge it.
- FIG. 18 shows a conventional example in which a slit hole is formed on the vane side.
- a hollow portion 100 a is formed inside the stationary blade 100.
- the hollow portion 100 a communicates with the hollow portion 106 a through the hole 106 b formed in the support ring 106.
- the hollow portion 100a is in communication with the low pressure region through the hole 106c.
- the water film flow sw attached to the surface of the vane and flowing toward the trailing edge is taken into the hollow portion 100 a from the slit hole 112.
- the slit holes 112 opened in the stator vane flank fs are formed as close as possible to the trailing edge of the vane within a range where communication with the hollow portion 100a is possible.
- the trailing edge sidewall surface 112 a and the leading edge sidewall surface 112 b of the slit hole 112 conventionally formed in the vane inner surface fs are static, as disclosed in Patent Document 1;
- the inclination angle A of the wing flank fs with respect to the front reference surface is formed to be an obtuse angle (90 ° ⁇ A).
- the arrangement of the hollow portion 100 a on the trailing edge side of the stationary blade is limited due to the space inside the stationary blade.
- the inclination angle A of the slit hole 112 opened to the vane outer surface fs is an obtuse angle
- the water film flow sw formed on the trailing edge side of the vane from the inlet opening a can not be removed, and the water removal efficiency is reduced.
- the amount of steam flowing out of the slit hole 112 increases with the water film flow sw, there is a problem that the leakage loss increases and the turbine efficiency decreases.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and the simple processing of the stationary blade improves the removal efficiency of the water film flow formed on the inner surface of the stationary blade, thereby suppressing the erosion of the moving blade.
- the purpose is to
- the water removal device of the steam turbine according to the present invention is provided with a water removal flow passage formed inside the stationary blade and an open end of the stationary blade, and communicates with the trailing edge end of the water removal flow passage. And a slit hole extending in a direction intersecting the steam flow, and the stationary blade trailing edge side wall surface of the slit hole is configured to be at an acute angle with respect to the leading edge side reference surface of the stationary blade flank surface.
- the leading edge side reference surface of the vane bevel surface refers to the vane bevel surface on the vane leading edge side with respect to the wall surface when expressing the inclination angle with respect to the vane bevel surface of the wall constituting the slit hole. It means to do.
- the stationary blade trailing edge side wall surface of the slit hole formed in the stationary blade ventral surface has an acute angle with the leading edge side reference surface of the stationary blade ventral surface
- the inlet opening of the slit hole is conventionally It can be closer to the rear end of the stationary blade.
- the inlet opening of the slit hole can be arranged at a place where the water droplet accumulation rate is high. Therefore, since the water film flow on the stator vane flank surface can be removed at a place where the water film flow accumulation rate is high, the water removal efficiency can be improved.
- the stator blade leading edge side wall surface of the slit hole can be configured to have an acute angle with respect to the leading edge side reference surface of the stator blade ventral surface.
- separation of the steam flow occurs at the upper end of the stator blade leading edge side wall surface of the slit hole, and this separation makes it difficult for the vapor flow to flow into the slit hole, and part of the separated steam flow becomes turbulent and the slit hole Form a vortex at the inlet opening of the
- the stator blade leading edge side wall surface and the stator blade trailing edge side wall surface of the slit hole are at an acute angle with respect to the leading edge side reference surface of the stator vane flank surface, the inlet opening of the slit hole is relatively narrow.
- the water removal flow path formed inside the stator vane is decompressed with respect to the steam flow.
- the water film flow attached to the outer surface of the stator blade is likely to flow into the slit hole due to the separation of the steam flow at the upper end of the side wall surface of the stator blade leading edge of the slit hole, and the water film flow channel is Since the film is bent at a large angle of 90 ° or more toward the slit hole side, the water film flow is easily separated from the steam flow. Further, the generation of the vortex shields the inlet opening of the slit hole, and a pressure difference is easily generated between the flow field of the steam flow and the inside of the slit hole, and the pressure difference makes the water film flow efficient from the steam flow. It can be separated well. Therefore, as compared with the conventional case, the water removal efficiency can be improved, and the inflow of the steam flow to the slit hole can be reduced, so that the leakage loss of the steam flow can be reduced and the reduction of the turbine efficiency can be suppressed.
- the stator blade leading edge side wall surface of the slit hole can be configured to have an obtuse angle with respect to the leading edge side reference surface of the stator blade ventral surface.
- the cross section of the slit hole has an inverted trapezoidal shape in which the inlet opening is wide.
- the machining of this shape employs electric discharge machining, and the slit shape can be formed in one machining step by forming the electrode in a reverse trapezoidal shape. Therefore, the processing time can be reduced, the processing cost can be reduced, and the outlet opening of the slit hole can be made to have a fine diameter, so that the leakage of the steam flow can be effectively suppressed.
- the inlet side region of the sidewall surface of the stator blade leading edge of the slit hole is configured to have an obtuse angle with respect to the reference surface of the leading edge of the stator blade surface, and the outlet side region of the sidewall surface of the stator vane front surface is stationary. It can be configured to be at an acute angle with respect to the leading edge reference surface of the wing flank surface.
- the inlet opening of the slit hole can be expanded, so that the flow of water film attached to the outer circumferential surface of the vane can be promoted to flow into the inlet opening of the slit hole.
- the stator blade leading edge side wall surface of the slit hole is configured to be at an acute angle with respect to the leading edge side reference surface of the stator blade flank, and the inlet side region of the stator blade leading edge wall surface of the slit hole is It is possible to form a stepped surface which is notched and has a level difference with respect to the vane side.
- the shielding action of the inlet opening by the wet steam flow is reduced, but the flow of the water film on the inner surface of the stationary blade is temporarily taken into the stepped surface while the flow of the steam flow is suppressed without widening the width of the slit hole. Can improve the separation effect of water on the steam flow. Therefore, the water removal effect can be improved.
- the wall surface connected to the vane flank and the step face is configured to have an acute angle with respect to the reference surface on the leading edge of the vane flank, the upper end of the vane vane Since the flow path can be bent at a large angle toward the slit hole side, the separation effect between the wet steam flow and the water film flow can be further enhanced.
- the water film flow can be easily taken into the step surface by configuring the wall surface connected to the vane inner surface and the step surface to be at an obtuse angle with respect to the front edge side reference surface of the vane surface. At the same time, machining of the wall surface connected to the stationary blade leading edge side wall surface and the step surface is facilitated.
- the wall surface connected to the inner surface of the stationary blade and the step surface is configured as a convex arc surface, the water film flow attached to the inner surface of the stationary blade can be gradually led to the step surface.
- the water film stream can be separated from the wet steam stream without disturbing the wet steam flow near the inlet opening of the slit hole.
- the water removal efficiency of the vane vent flank surface is improved by a simple process in which the side wall face of the nozzle blade trailing edge of the slit hole has an acute angle with the front edge side reference face of the vane stub face. As a result, erosion of the blade can be suppressed and the life of the blade can be extended.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the total moisture accumulation ratio on the vane surface. It is a cross-sectional view which shows the modification of said 1st Embodiment applied to the solid stator blade. It is sectional drawing which shows the cross-sectional shape of the slit hole which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the cross-sectional shape of the slit hole which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 16 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a Y portion in FIG.
- FIG. 1 a stationary blade 12 is provided in the wet steam flow path of the steam turbine.
- the hub portion of the vane 12 is connected to the diaphragm 14 and the tip portion is connected to the support ring 16.
- FIG. 2 similarly to the stationary blade 100 shown in FIG. 15, the stationary blade leading edge fe is disposed upstream in the flow direction of the wet vapor flow s with respect to the wet steam flow s, and the stationary blade trailing edge re is downstream. Will be placed.
- the vane vane flank surface fs is disposed obliquely to the wet steam flow s so as to face the wet steam flow s.
- the water contained in the wet steam flow s adheres as water droplets to the vane vent face fs and the vane back face bs.
- a hollow portion 12 a is formed inside the stationary blade 12, and a hollow portion 16 a is formed inside the support ring 16.
- the hollow portions 12 a and 16 a communicate with each other through a hole 18 formed in the support ring 16.
- a hole 20 communicating with a region lower in pressure than the flow field of the wet steam flow s is formed, and the hollow portions 12a and 16a are lower in pressure than the flow field of the wet steam flow s.
- the slit hole 22 is formed in the rear edge side end portion of the hollow portion 12 a in the width direction of the vane 12 and is in communication with the hollow portion 12 a.
- the vane trailing edge side wall surface 22 a of the slit hole 22 and the vane leading edge leading side wall surface 22 b are linear in cross-sectional shape and formed in parallel with each other.
- the inclination angle A of the vane trailing edge side wall surface 22a with respect to the leading edge side reference surface of the vane outer surface fs and the inclination angle B of the vane leading edge side wall surface 22b with respect to the leading edge reference surface of the vane outer surface fs are both acute angles.
- Are formed (0 ° ⁇ A, B ⁇ 90 °, A B or A ⁇ B). From the viewpoint of ease of processing and the strength of the vane 12, it is desirable that 20 ° ⁇ A and B ⁇ 70 °.
- the width of the inlet opening a and the width of the outlet opening c are larger than the slit width b of the slit hole 22.
- the slit width b of the slit hole 22 is usually set to 0.5 mm or more in consideration of processing restrictions.
- FIG. 4 shows the total accumulation ratio of water on the vane flank fs and the vane back bs.
- the total moisture accumulation ratio of the blade rear face bs does not change in the width direction of the vane
- the total moisture accumulation ratio increases dramatically toward the trailing edge side in the vane vane surface fs. ing. It can be understood from FIG. 4 that the amount of water removal can be increased as the inlet opening a of the slit hole 22 is disposed on the rear edge side.
- the wet steam flow s flows from the leading edge side of the stator blade along the vane flank surface fs, and the flow of the wet steam flow s causes the water film flow sw attached to the stator flank fs to also move toward the trailing edge of the vane.
- Flow Since the inclination angle B of the vane leading edge side wall surface 22b is an acute angle, the flow path of the water film flow sw at the inlet opening a of the slit hole 22 is a large angle of 90 ° or more at the upper end of the vane leading edge side wall surface 22b. Be bent. Therefore, the water film stream sw can be efficiently separated from the wet steam stream s.
- the width of the inlet opening a of the slit hole 22 is larger than the slit width b of the slit hole 22 but is the same as the width of the outlet opening c and is not particularly enlarged. Since the inclination angle B is an acute angle, separation of the wet steam flow s occurs at the upper end of the vane leading edge side wall surface 22b, and this separation makes it difficult for the steam flow s to flow into the slit holes 22 and the separated steam flow A part of V forms a vortex e at the inlet opening a of the slit hole 22.
- the water film flow sw attached to the vane front surface fs easily flows into the inlet opening a due to the separation of the wet steam flow s at the upper end of the vane front edge side wall surface 22b.
- the flow path of the water film flow sw is bent at a large angle toward the slit hole 22 at the upper end of the vane front edge side wall surface 22b, the water film flow sw is easily separated from the wet steam flow s.
- the generation of the vortex e shields the inlet opening a and a pressure difference is easily generated between the flow field of the wet steam flow s and the inside of the slit hole, and the pressure difference efficiently sucks the water film flow sw. it can.
- the slit hole 22 of the present embodiment can bring the inlet opening a closer to the stationary blade trailing edge re compared to the conventional slit hole 112. Therefore, since the inlet opening a can be disposed at a place where the total moisture accumulation ratio is high, the water removal efficiency can be enhanced more than that of the conventional slit hole 112.
- FIG. 5 shows a modification of the first embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a solid stator vane 13.
- a water removal flow passage 24 having a smaller volume than the hollow portion 12 a is formed.
- the water removal channel 24 may be disposed as close as possible to the vane trailing edge re in relation to the above-described total moisture accumulation rate.
- the slit hole 22 having the same configuration as that of the first embodiment is disposed to communicate with the rear edge side end of the water removing channel 24, and the inlet opening a of the slit hole 22 is open to the vane flank fs. Also in the present modification, the same function and effect as those of the first embodiment can be obtained.
- a suction pipe is connected to the hole 20 of the hollow portion 16a, and a suction pump is provided in the suction pipe, and the hollow portion 16a or the water removing flow path 24 is formed by the suction pump.
- the pressure may be reduced. By this, the pressure reduction state of the hollow part 16a or the water removal flow path 24 can be reliably maintained.
- the vane trailing edge sidewall surface 30a and the vane leading edge sidewall surface 30b of the slit hole 30 have a linear cross-sectional shape, and the inclination angle A of the vane trailing edge sidewall surface 30a with respect to the leading edge reference surface of the vane vane surface fs,
- the cross section of the slit hole 30 is formed symmetrically in the left-right direction, and has an inverted trapezoidal shape in which the inlet opening a is large and the outlet opening c is small.
- the configuration other than the slit hole 30 is the same as that of the first embodiment. From the viewpoint of ease of processing and the strength of the stator 12, it is desirable that 20 ° ⁇ A ⁇ 70 ° and 110 ° ⁇ B ⁇ 160 °.
- the shielding effect of the wet steam flow s is inferior to that of the first embodiment, but this cross-sectional shape employs electric discharge machining to reverse the electrode.
- the trapezoidal shape allows the slit hole 30 to be processed in one processing step.
- the width of the outlet opening c can be processed with a fine dimension.
- the inlet opening width can be 1.5 mm and the outlet opening width can be 0.5 mm. Therefore, while being able to reduce processing effort and processing cost, it is possible to reduce the leakage loss of the steam flow.
- the arrangement location and direction of the slit holes 40 in the present embodiment are the same as the slit holes 22 in the first embodiment.
- the cross-sectional shape of the slit hole 40 is a shape in which the inlet side region 40b of the sidewall surface of the vane front edge is cut away as compared with the slit hole 22 of the first embodiment.
- the inclination angle A of the vane trailing edge sidewall surface 40a with respect to the leading edge reference surface of the vane bevel surface fs is an acute angle (0 ° ⁇ A ⁇ 90 °), and the vane leading edge sidewall surface with respect to the leading edge reference surface of the vane flank fs
- the inclination angle B of the inlet side area 40b is obtuse (90 ° ⁇ B ⁇ 180 °)
- the inclination angle C of the outlet side area 40c of the vane leading edge side wall surface with respect to the leading edge reference surface of the vane flank fs is formed acute (0 ° ⁇ C ⁇ 90 °).
- the vane trailing edge side wall surface 40a, the inlet side area 40b and the outlet side area 40c of the vane leading edge side wall surface have linear cross-sectional shapes, respectively.
- the configuration other than the slit hole 40 is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- the inlet opening a of the slit hole 40 can be widened. Therefore, although the shielding effect of the inlet opening a by the wet steam flow s is reduced, there is an advantage that the water film flow sw attached to the stationary blade flank surface fs easily flows into the inlet opening a.
- the arrangement location and direction of the slit holes 50A of the present embodiment are the same as the slit holes 22 of the first embodiment.
- the sectional shape of the slit hole 50A is such that the inclination angle A of the vane trailing edge sidewall surface 50a with respect to the leading edge side reference surface of the vane bevel surface fs is an acute angle (0 ° ⁇ A ⁇ 90 °).
- a step surface 50c parallel to these surfaces is formed between the wing flank fs and the back surface 50e parallel to the vane flank fs and defining the hollow portion 12a.
- An inlet side wall surface 50b connected to the stationary blade flank surface fs and the step surface 50c, and an outlet side wall surface 50d connected to the stepped surface 50c and the back surface 50e are formed in parallel with the stationary blade trailing edge side wall surface 50a. That is, the inclination angle C of the inlet side wall surface 50b with respect to the front edge side reference surface of the vane surface fs and the inclination angle B of the outlet side wall surface 50d with respect to the front edge side reference surface of the vane surface fs are both acute angles (0 ° ⁇ B , C ⁇ 90 °).
- the cross-sectional shapes of the wall surfaces constituting the slit hole 50A are all formed in a straight line. From the viewpoint of ease of processing and the strength of the vane 12, it is desirable that 20 ° ⁇ A, B and C ⁇ 70 °.
- the present embodiment is the same as the first embodiment except for the shape of the slit hole 50A.
- the inlet opening a largely spreads on the upstream side in the flow direction of the wet steam flow s, so the shielding effect of the wet steam flow s on the inlet opening a is reduced.
- the inlet opening a of the slit hole 50A can be expanded while suppressing the inflow of the wet steam flow s. Therefore, the water film flow sw attached to the stationary blade flank surface fs can easily flow into the slit hole 50A, and the water removing effect can be improved.
- the flow path of the water film flow sw can be bent at the upper end of the wall surface 50b to a large angle of 90 ° or more toward the slit hole side.
- the separation effect between the steam flow s and the water film flow sw can be further enhanced.
- the inclination angle C of the inlet side wall surface 50b (the wall surface connected to the stationary blade flank surface fs and the step surface 50c) with respect to the front edge side reference surface of the stationary blade flank surface fs is an obtuse angle (90 ° ⁇ C ⁇ 180 °).
- the other configuration is the same as that of the fourth embodiment.
- the inclination angle C of the inlet side wall surface 50b is an obtuse angle, the water film flow sw can easily flow into the step surface 50c, and the inlet side wall surface 50b can be easily processed. There is.
- the slit hole 50C of this embodiment has an inlet side wall surface 50b (a wall surface connected to the vane flank surface fs and the step surface 50c) as a convex arc surface, as compared with the fourth embodiment.
- the other configuration is the same as that of the fourth embodiment.
- the inlet side wall surface 50b is a convex circular arc surface
- the water film flow sw which has reached the upper end of the inlet side wall surface 50b can be gradually led to the step surface 50c. Therefore, the water film stream sw can be separated from the wet steam flow s without disturbing the wet steam flow s at the inlet opening a.
- the present invention may be configured by combining the respective embodiments as necessary.
- FIG. 11 shows the slit hole of the embodiment and the conventional slit hole.
- the slit holes used in this test are the slit hole 22 according to the first embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 3 and the conventional slit hole 112 shown in FIG.
- the inclination angle B of the slit hole 22 is 45 °
- the inclination angle A of the slit hole 112 is 135 °
- the slit widths b of both slit holes are the same.
- the inlet openings a of both slit holes are formed at the same position in the width direction of the stationary blade 12.
- FIG. 12 shows the water removal efficiency of both slit holes
- FIG. 13 shows the leak ratio of the working fluid mf leaking into the hollow portion 12 a of the stationary blade 12.
- the horizontal axes (slit pressure ratios) in FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 indicate “static vane vent surface fs-side pressure / pressure of hollow portion 12 a”.
- the water removal efficiency and the working fluid leakage ratio increase as the slit pressure ratio increases in both slit holes.
- the water removal efficiency shown in FIG. 12 is slightly higher for the slit hole 22 than for the slit hole 112.
- the inlet opening a of the slit hole 22 can be disposed at the trailing edge of the vane 12 from the inlet opening a of the slit hole 112, the water removal efficiency can be greatly improved compared to the slit hole 112. .
- the working fluid leakage ratio is approximately 20 to 30% compared to the slit hole 112 as shown in FIG. It can be reduced.
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Abstract
Description
また、水膜流swと共に、スリット孔112から流出する蒸気量が多くなるほど、漏洩損失が増加し、タービン効率が低下するという問題がある。
前記構成において、「静翼腹面の前縁側基準面」とは、スリット孔を構成する壁面の静翼腹面に対する傾斜角を表現する場合に、該壁面より静翼前縁側の静翼腹面を基準とすることを意味する。
また、スリット孔の静翼前縁側壁面及び静翼後縁側壁面は、静翼腹面の前縁側基準面に対して鋭角となっているので、スリット孔の入口開口は比較的狭くなっている。なお、静翼の内部に形成された水分除去流路は蒸気流れに対して減圧されている。
さらに、前記渦の発生によって、スリット孔の入口開口が遮蔽され、蒸気流の流れ場とスリット孔内との間に圧力差が生じやすくなり、この圧力差によって、蒸気流から水膜流を効率良く分離できる。従って、従来と比べて、水分の除去効率を向上できると共に、スリット孔への蒸気流の流入量を少なくできるため、蒸気流の漏洩損失を低減し、タービン効率の低下を抑制できる。
これによって、スリット孔の入口開口を広げることができるので、静翼腹面に付着した水膜流がスリット孔の入口開口に流入するのを促進できる。
かかる構成では、湿り蒸気流による入口開口の遮蔽作用は減じられるが、スリット孔の幅を広げることなく、蒸気流の流入を抑制したまま、静翼腹面の水膜流を一旦段差面に取り込むことで、蒸気流に対する水分の分離効果を向上できる。そのため、水分除去効果を向上できる。
あるいは、前記構成に加えて、静翼腹面と段差面とに連なる壁面を凸状の円弧面となるように構成すれば、静翼腹面に付着した水膜流を徐々に段差面に導くことができるので、スリット孔の入口開口付近の湿り蒸気流を乱すことなく、湿り蒸気流から水膜流を分離できる。
次に、本発明の第1実施形態に係る水分除去装置を図1~図4により説明する。図1において、静翼12が蒸気タービンの湿り蒸気流路に設けられている。静翼12のハブ部位はダイヤフラム14に接続され、チップ部位は支持リング16に接続されている。
図2において、図15に示す静翼100と同一に、湿り蒸気流sに対して、静翼前縁feが湿り蒸気流sの流れ方向上流側に配置され、静翼後縁reが下流側に配置される。また、静翼腹面fsが湿り蒸気流sに面するように湿り蒸気流sに対して斜めに配置されている。湿り蒸気流sに含まれる水分は、静翼腹面fs及び静翼背面bsに水滴となって付着する。
図3に示すように、スリット孔22の静翼後縁側壁面22aと静翼前縁側壁面22bとは断面形状が直線状で、かつ互いに平行に形成されている。また、静翼腹面fsの前縁側基準面に対する静翼後縁側壁面22aの傾斜角A、及び静翼腹面fsの前縁側基準面に対する静翼前縁側壁面22bの傾斜角Bは、共に鋭角となるように形成されている(0°<A、B<90°、A=BあるいはA≠Bでも良い)。なお、加工のしやすさ及び静翼12の強度の面から、20°≦A、B≦70°が望ましい。
傾斜角Bが鋭角であるので、静翼前縁側壁面22bの上端で、湿り蒸気流sの剥離が起り、この剥離によって、蒸気流sがスリット孔22に流入しにくくなると共に、剥離した蒸気流の一部が、スリット孔22の入口開口aで渦eを形成する。
さらに、渦eの発生によって、入口開口aが遮蔽され、湿り蒸気流sの流れ場とスリット孔内との間に圧力差が生じやすくなり、この圧力差によって、水膜流swを効率良く吸引できる。従って、湿り蒸気流sに含まれる水分の除去効率を向上できると共に、従来と比べて水膜流swの流出量を増加し、かつスリット孔22への蒸気流の流入量を少なくできるため、漏洩損失を低減し、タービン効率の低下を抑制できる。
次に、本発明の第2実施形態を図6に基づいて説明する。本実施形態のスリット孔30の静翼腹面fsに対する配置場所及び向きは前記第1実施形態のスリット孔22と同一である。スリット孔30の静翼後縁側壁面30a及び静翼前縁側壁面30bは、直線状の断面形状を有し、静翼腹面fsの前縁側基準面に対する静翼後縁側壁面30aの傾斜角A、及び静翼腹面fsの前縁側基準面に対する静翼前縁側壁面30bの傾斜角Bは、前者は、鋭角に後者は鈍角に形成されている(0°<A<90°、90°<B<180°、A+B=180°)。
即ち、スリット孔30の断面は、左右対称に形成され、入口開口aが大きく、出口開口cが小さい逆台形状となっている。スリット孔30以外の構成は、第1実施形態と同一である。なお、加工のしやすさ及び静翼12の強度の面から、20°≦A≦70°及び110°≦B≦160°が望ましい。
次に、本発明の第3実施形態を図7に基づいて説明する。本実施形態のスリット孔40の配置場所及び向きは前記第1実施形態のスリット孔22と同一である。スリット孔40の断面形状は、前記第1実施形態のスリット孔22と比べて、静翼前縁側壁面の入口側領域40bが切り欠かれた形状となっている。
次に、本発明の第4実施形態を図8に基づいて説明する。本実施形態のスリット孔50Aの配置場所及び向きは前記第1実施形態のスリット孔22と同一である。スリット孔50Aの断面形状は、静翼腹面fsの前縁側基準面に対する静翼後縁側壁面50aの傾斜角Aは鋭角であり(0°<A<90°)、静翼前縁側壁面は、静翼腹面fsと、静翼腹面fsと平行で中空部12aを画定する裏面50eとの間に、これらの面に平行な段差面50cが形成されている。
また、入口側壁面50bの傾斜角Cを鋭角としたことで、壁面50bの上端で水膜流swの流路をスリット孔側へ90°以上の大角度に曲げることができ、これによって、湿り蒸気流sと水膜流swとの分離効果をさらに高めることができる。
次に、本発明の第5実施形態を図9に基づいて説明する。本実施形態のスリット孔50Bは、静翼腹面fsの前縁側基準面に対する入口側壁面50b(静翼腹面fsと段差面50cとに連なる壁面)の傾斜角Cを鈍角としている(90°<C<180°)。その他の構成は前記第4実施形態と同一である。
本実施形態によれば、入口側壁面50bの傾斜角Cを鈍角としたので、段差面50cへの水膜流swの流入を容易にできると共に、入口側壁面50bの加工が容易になるという利点がある。
次に、本発明の第6実施形態を図10に基づいて説明する。本実施形態スリット孔50Cは、前記第4実施形態と比べて、入口側壁面50b(静翼腹面fsと段差面50cとに連なる壁面)を凸状の円弧面としている。その他の構成は第4実施形態と同一である。
本実施形態によれば、入口側壁面50bを凸状の円弧面としたので、入口側壁面50bの上端に到達した水膜流swを徐々に段差面50cに導くことができる。そのため、入口開口aの湿り蒸気流sを乱すことなく、湿り蒸気流sから水膜流swを分離できる。又本発明は必要に応じて前記夫々の実施形態を組み合わせて構成してもよい。
図12は両スリット孔の水分除去効率を示し、図13は作動流体mfが静翼12の中空部12aに漏れた漏れ比率を示している。図12及び図13の横軸(スリット圧力比)は、「静翼腹面fs側圧力/中空部12aの圧力」を示している。
図12及び図13に示すように、両スリット孔とも、スリット圧力比が増加するにつれて、水分除去効率及び作動流体漏れ比率は増加している。図12に示す水分除去効率は、スリット孔22の方がスリット孔112よりわずかに上回っている。
なお、実際の静翼12では、スリット孔22の入口開口aはスリット孔112の入口開口aより静翼12の後縁に配置できるため、スリット孔112と比べて水分除去効率を大幅に向上できる。
12,13、100 静翼
12a、100a 中空部
14,104 ダイヤフラム
16,106 支持リング
16a、106a 中空部
18,20、106b、106c 孔
22,30、40、50A、50B、50C、112,114 スリット孔
22a、30a、40a、50a、112a 静翼後縁側壁面
22b、30b、112b 静翼前縁側壁面
40b 入口側領域
40c 出口側領域
50b 入口側壁面
50c 段差面
50d 出口側壁面
a 入口開口
b スリット幅
c 出口開口
24 水分除去流路
50e 裏面
102 動翼
108 ロータ軸
110 ディスクロータ
116 スリット溝
A、B、C 傾斜角
U 周速
Vs、Vcw 絶対速度
Ws、Wcw 相対速度
bs 静翼背面
cw 粗大水滴
dw 微小水滴
fe 静翼前縁
fs 静翼腹面
mf 作動流体
re 静翼後縁
s 湿り蒸気流
sw 水膜流
Claims (8)
- 静翼腹面に付着する水分を除去する蒸気タービンの水分除去装置において、
静翼の内部に形成された水分除去流路と、
前記静翼腹面に開口し、前記水分除去流路の後縁側端部に連通すると共に、蒸気流と交差する方向に延在するスリット孔とを備え、
前記スリット孔の静翼後縁側壁面が、前記静翼腹面の前縁側基準面に対して鋭角となるように構成されていることを特徴とする蒸気タービンの水分除去装置。 - 前記スリット孔の静翼前縁側壁面が、前記静翼腹面の前縁側基準面に対して鋭角となるように構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の蒸気タービンの水分除去装置。
- 前記スリット孔の静翼前縁側壁面が、前記静翼腹面の前縁側基準面に対して鈍角となるように構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の蒸気タービンの水分除去装置。
- 前記スリット孔の静翼前縁側壁面の入口側領域が前記静翼腹面の前縁側基準面に対して鈍角となるように構成され、
前記静翼前縁側壁面の出口側領域が前記静翼腹面の前縁側基準面に対して鋭角となるように構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の蒸気タービンの水分除去装置。 - 前記スリット孔の静翼前縁側壁面の入口側領域に、前記静翼腹面に対して段差を有する段差面が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の蒸気タービンの水分除去装置。
- 前記静翼腹面と前記段差面とに連なる壁面が、前記静翼腹面の前縁側基準面に対して鋭角となるように構成されていることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の蒸気タービンの水分除去装置。
- 前記静翼腹面と前記段差面とに連なる壁面が、前記静翼腹面の前縁側基準面に対して鈍角となるように構成されていることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の蒸気タービンの水分除去装置。
- 前記静翼腹面と前記段差面とに連なる壁面が、凸状の円弧面で構成されていることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の蒸気タービンの水分除去装置。
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US14/903,371 US10001032B2 (en) | 2013-07-30 | 2014-05-12 | Water removal device for steam turbine |
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US11174746B2 (en) | 2019-07-10 | 2021-11-16 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Stator vane for steam turbine, steam turbine, and method for heating stator vane for steam turbine |
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KR102400690B1 (ko) * | 2017-09-05 | 2022-05-20 | 미츠비시 파워 가부시키가이샤 | 증기 터빈 날개, 증기 터빈, 및 증기 터빈 날개의 제조 방법 |
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