WO2015015743A1 - 車両用電源システム - Google Patents
車両用電源システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015015743A1 WO2015015743A1 PCT/JP2014/003797 JP2014003797W WO2015015743A1 WO 2015015743 A1 WO2015015743 A1 WO 2015015743A1 JP 2014003797 W JP2014003797 W JP 2014003797W WO 2015015743 A1 WO2015015743 A1 WO 2015015743A1
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- Prior art keywords
- switch
- power supply
- power
- vehicle
- control unit
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
- B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
- B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
- B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
- B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
- B60R16/033—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for characterised by the use of electrical cells or batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
- H02J2310/46—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for ICE-powered road vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to power supply technology, particularly to a vehicle power supply system mounted on a vehicle.
- the engine mounted on the vehicle is started by a starter. Electric power for driving the starter is supplied from a battery mounted on the vehicle. If the voltage drop of the battery is large when driving the starter, the starter operation is affected (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- Lead batteries are generally used for storage batteries for idling stop systems and energy regeneration systems. Vehicles equipped with these systems perform idling stop when the vehicle is stopped, thereby reducing fuel consumption due to alternator operation and improving fuel efficiency. Furthermore, in order to suppress fuel consumption, it is considered that the engine is stopped not only when the vehicle is stopped but also during traveling. In this case, a reliable engine restart is required when re-acceleration is required to avoid road conditions and danger.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a highly reliable vehicle power supply system.
- a vehicle power supply system includes a lead storage battery, a hybrid power supply in which a secondary battery excluding the lead storage battery and a capacitor are connected in parallel, a hybrid power supply, and a lead storage battery.
- a switch between power supplies connected in parallel and a power supply control unit for controlling power supply between the hybrid power supply and the lead storage battery are provided.
- the hybrid power source is connected to a starter for starting the vehicle engine, and is connected to a general load excluding the starter via a power source switch.
- the lead-acid battery is connected to the general load, and a power source switch is connected to the general load. Connected to the starter.
- Example 1 An outline of the present invention will be given before a specific description of embodiments of the present invention.
- Example 1 relates to a vehicle power supply system mounted on a vehicle having an idling stop function and an energy regeneration function.
- the idling stop function is a function that automatically stops the engine when the vehicle stops and restarts the engine automatically when the vehicle starts.
- the energy regeneration function is a function that operates an alternator mainly by the kinetic energy of the vehicle when decelerating and supplies electric power to the vehicle power supply system or the like by the energy generated by the alternator.
- the idling stop function also stops the alternator operation when the vehicle stops, improving fuel efficiency.
- Lead batteries are often used in vehicle power systems.
- the alternator When the lead battery reaches the discharge lower limit voltage due to discharge, the alternator is operated to charge the lead battery. Thereby, it is suppressed that the discharge depth of a lead battery becomes deep, and the deterioration of a lead battery is suppressed.
- control shortens the idling stop time and reduces the fuel efficiency improvement effect.
- it has been studied to stop the engine not only when the vehicle is stopped but also when the vehicle is running. In this case, a reliable engine restart is required when re-acceleration is required to avoid road conditions and danger.
- the lead battery and the hybrid power supply are connected in parallel in the vehicle power supply system according to the present embodiment. Further, in the hybrid power source, the secondary battery and the capacitor are connected in parallel.
- a nickel metal hydride battery or a lithium ion battery is used as the secondary battery.
- FIG. 1 shows the configuration of a vehicle power supply system 100 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the vehicle power supply system 100 includes a lead storage battery 110, a hybrid power supply 112, a power supply control unit 114, a connection switching circuit 134, a discharge resistor 132, a first switch L1, a fourth switch L4, a fifth switch L5, a seventh switch L7, A first fuse F1 is included.
- the hybrid power source 112 includes a secondary battery 126 and an EDLC (electric double-layer capacitor) 128, the connection switching circuit 134 includes a precharge circuit 136 and a second switch L2, and the precharge circuit 136 includes a third switch L3. , Including a current limiting resistor 130.
- a starter 116, an alternator 120, an electrical component 122, and an ECU 124 are connected to the vehicle power supply system 100.
- the first switch L1 can be referred to as a power switch
- the second switch L2 can be referred to as an in-power switch
- the third switch L3 can be referred to as a precharge switch
- the fourth switch L4 can be referred to as a secondary battery connection switch.
- the fifth switch L5 can be said to be a capacitor connection switch
- the seventh switch L7 can be said to be a discharge switch.
- the alternator 120 generates AC power from an engine (not shown), and further generates kinetic energy during deceleration in a vehicle having an energy regeneration function. This section mainly describes power generation during deceleration.
- the timing at which the alternator 120 should operate is instructed by the ECU 124 described later.
- the alternating current generated by the alternator 120 is converted into direct current by a circuit such as a regulator and a rectifier (not shown), and the electric power of the alternator 120 is supplied to the electrical component 122 and the vehicle power supply system 100.
- the starter 116 is an engine starting motor.
- the starter 116 is connected to the output system of the vehicle power supply system 100.
- an ignition switch (not shown) is turned on by a driver's operation, or when returning from an idling stop state, a starter switch (not shown) of the starter 116 is turned on by an instruction from the ECU 124 and the vehicle power supply system 100 Electric power is supplied to the starter 116 and the starter 116 is started.
- the starter switch is turned off.
- the electrical component 122 is a generic name indicating various electric loads mounted in a vehicle such as a headlight, an air conditioner, a defogger, an audio, a meter, a stop lamp, a fog lamp, a winker, a power steering, a power window, and an engine electrical component.
- a vehicle such as a headlight, an air conditioner, a defogger, an audio, a meter, a stop lamp, a fog lamp, a winker, a power steering, a power window, and an engine electrical component.
- the alternator 120, the starter 116, and the ECU 124 are handled separately from the electrical component 122.
- the electrical component 122 is driven by electric power supplied from the vehicle power supply system 100.
- ECU 124 is connected to various auxiliary machines, sensors, and switches mounted in the vehicle, and electronically controls the engine and various auxiliary machines.
- the ECU 124 stops the engine when detecting stop of the vehicle or deceleration to a setting or less based on a signal input from a brake, a vehicle speed sensor, or the like. Further, the ECU 124 determines that the vehicle has started traveling by detecting the release of the brake. The ECU 124 restarts the engine when it detects the start of traveling of the vehicle after executing the idling stop function and stopping the engine.
- the power control unit 114 of the vehicle power supply system 100 performs control so that electric power is supplied from the vehicle power supply system 100 to the starter 116 and operates the starter 116.
- the start of running of the vehicle is determined by detecting the release of the brake, but it is not necessarily limited to this configuration. For example, it can be configured to determine the start of traveling of the vehicle based on a vehicle speed sensor or an accelerator state.
- the ECU 124 may stop the engine when a predetermined condition is satisfied even when the vehicle is traveling.
- the predetermined condition is set such that, for example, deceleration continues for a certain period or the speed does not change for a certain period. After the engine is stopped under such conditions, the engine is restarted as described above when the necessity of acceleration due to depression of the accelerator is detected.
- the ECU 124 stops the alternator 120 in principle during normal traveling.
- the ECU 124 activates the alternator 120 when it detects deceleration of the vehicle based on signals input from a brake, a vehicle speed sensor, and the like.
- ECU 124 operates alternator 120 even during normal travel.
- the lead storage battery 110 in the vehicle power supply system 100 is a main battery for storing electric power generated by the alternator 120 and mainly supplying power to the electrical component 122.
- the lead storage battery 110 has advantages such as relatively low cost, operation in a relatively wide temperature range, and high output, and is widely used as a storage battery for vehicles. However, there are disadvantages such as low charge / discharge energy efficiency, weakness against overdischarge, and short cycle life.
- the lead storage battery 110 is connected to the electrical component 122 and to the starter 116 via the first fuse F1, the first switch L1, and the second switch L2.
- the first fuse F1 is omitted from the description.
- the lead storage battery 110 has a larger capacity than a secondary battery 126 described later.
- the secondary battery 126 is a sub-battery for storing the electric power generated by the alternator 120 and supplying power to the starter 116 and the electrical component 122.
- the secondary battery 126 is connected in parallel with an EDLC 128 described later via the fourth switch L4, the second switch L2, and the fifth switch L5, thereby forming the hybrid power source 112.
- the hybrid power source 112 and the lead storage battery 110 are connected in parallel via the first switch L1.
- the secondary battery 126 is more excellent in charge acceptability than the lead storage battery 110, and an example thereof is a nickel metal hydride battery.
- Nickel metal hydride batteries have advantages such as relatively high charge / discharge energy efficiency, high resistance to overcharge and overdischarge, wide use temperature range, wide SOC (State Of Charge) range, and relatively long cycle life. is there. Further, the nickel metal hydride battery is a battery having a wide recommended discharge depth (DOD: Depth of Discharge) that can be used up to a region where the depth of discharge is low with low deterioration. However, there are disadvantages such as a large self-discharge and a memory effect.
- the secondary battery 126 is connected to the starter 116 via the fourth switch L4 and the second switch L2, and is connected to the electrical component 122 via the fourth switch L4 and the first switch L1.
- the fourth switch L4 has one end connected to the secondary battery 126 and the other end connected to the starter 116, the first switch L1, and the second switch L2.
- the EDLC 128 is a capacitor, and the EDLC 128 is preferably an electric double layer capacitor having high storage efficiency per volume.
- a secondary battery 1 in which a plurality of 1.2V nickel-metal hydride batteries are connected in series, and a plurality of electric double layer capacitors having a rated voltage of 2.0V.
- An EDLC 128 connected in series is used.
- the EDLC 128 is connected to the starter 116 via the fifth switch L5, and is connected to the electrical component 122 via the second switch L2 and the first switch L1.
- the fifth switch L5 has one end connected to the EDLC 128 and the other end connected to the starter 116 and the second switch L2.
- the hybrid power source 112 is connected to an alternator 120 that generates electric power by mechanical kinetic energy of the vehicle via a first switch L1.
- the lead storage battery 110 and the hybrid power source 112 are used in combination.
- the EDLC 128 has been used as the hybrid power source 112.
- the EDLC 128 when the vehicle is not used, it is desirable to discharge to a predetermined voltage or less that can suppress deterioration in order to suppress deterioration.
- the lead storage battery 110 and the EDLC 128 are combined, the EDLC 128 is used after the EDLC 128 is charged by the lead storage battery 110. Therefore, the decrease in the number of charge / discharge cycles of the lead storage battery 110 is small.
- the secondary battery 126 is combined with the hybrid power source 112 in addition to the EDLC 128. Since the secondary battery 126 is used for charging the EDLC 128, the number of times the lead storage battery 110 is used is greatly reduced. Furthermore, since the dependence on the lead storage battery 110 is reduced, the reliability is improved. Although a nickel metal hydride battery is used as the secondary battery 126, a lithium ion battery may be used. A lithium ion battery is a high-performance storage battery with high energy density and charge / discharge energy efficiency, but requires strict voltage / temperature management.
- a nickel metal hydride battery is more suitable than a lithium ion battery for installation in the engine room integrally with a lead battery.
- the temperature rises when the engine is operated, but the nickel metal hydride battery has better thermal stability than the lithium ion battery.
- the lithium ion battery connected in parallel with the lead storage battery 110 at a position away from the engine room, in that case, loss due to wiring resistance increases.
- 1st switch L1 is arrange
- the lead storage battery 110 and the hybrid power source 112 are connected in parallel.
- the first switch L1 is turned off, the lead storage battery 110 and the hybrid power source 112 are electrically disconnected. ON / OFF of the first switch L1 is controlled by a power supply control unit 114 described later.
- the lead storage battery 110 and the hybrid power source 112 can supply power to a plurality of loads in the vehicle, and when the first switch L1 is turned off, Independently, power can be supplied to different loads. More specifically, the lead storage battery 110 can supply power to the electrical component 122 when the first switch L1 is turned off.
- the hybrid power source 112 can supply power to the starter 116 when the first switch L1 is turned off.
- the power control unit 114 controls power supply between the hybrid power source 112 and the lead storage battery 110, and controls the first switch L1 to the fifth switch L5 and the seventh switch L7 to be turned on / off. For example, the power supply control unit 114 acquires the voltage value, current value, and temperature value of the secondary battery 126 and EDLC 128, and determines the remaining capacity of the secondary battery 126 and the occurrence of abnormality, the storage voltage of the EDLC 128, and the occurrence of abnormality. Monitor.
- the power supply control unit 114 and the ECU 124 are connected by, for example, a CAN (Controller Area Network), and communicate with each other. The power control unit 114 notifies the ECU 124 of the state of the secondary battery 126 and the EDLC 128.
- the power supply control unit 114 notifies the ECU 124 of an operation instruction for the alternator 120 to charge the vehicle power supply system 100.
- the power supply control unit 114 receives vehicle information from the ECU 124. For example, the operating status of the alternator 120 is received.
- connection switching circuit 134 relays or semiconductor switches are used for the second switch L2 and the third switch L3.
- the second switch L2 is inserted between the power supply line connecting the input / output terminal of the secondary battery 126 and the input / output terminal of the EDLC 128.
- the current limiting resistor 130 and the third switch L3 constitute a precharge circuit 136 by being connected in series, and are connected in parallel with the second switch L2. Even when the third switch L3 is turned on, the secondary battery 126 and the EDLC 128 are connected in parallel.
- the seventh switch L7 is connected in parallel to the EDLC 128 via the fifth switch L5 at one end.
- the seventh switch L7 is connected to the discharging resistor 132 at the other end.
- the discharge resistor 132 is, for example, a heater resistor. Such a discharge resistor 132 can be said to be a resistor only for discharging the EDLC 128. Therefore, when the seventh switch L7 is turned on, the EDLC 128 is discharged.
- the second switch L2, the third switch L3, and the seventh switch L7 are also controlled by the power control unit 114.
- FIG. 2 shows a state transition in the vehicle power supply system 100.
- “Stop (ignition off)” is a state in which the engine is stopped by turning off the ignition switch.
- Start is a state in which the engine is started by turning on the ignition switch from a state in which the engine is stopped by turning off the ignition switch.
- “Normal time (secondary battery charging)” is a state in which the secondary battery 126 is charged from the alternator 120.
- Normal time (EDLC charging)” is a state in which the secondary battery is charged to the EDLC.
- Normal (secondary battery charge)” and “normal time (EDLC charge)” are skipped depending on the amount of power stored in the secondary battery 126 and EDLC 128.
- “Normal (alternator on)” corresponds to a state in which the engine is operating.
- “Stop (ignition on)” is a state where the engine is stopped. This includes an idling stop and a running engine stop.
- “Restart” is a state in which the engine is restarted from an idling stop or a running engine stop.
- Restart after failure of restart is a state in which restart is restarted when restart by the hybrid power supply 112 fails, or the voltage values of the secondary battery 126 and the EDLC 128 are threshold values. This corresponds to a restarting state when there is an abnormality in the hybrid power source 112 such as lower than the value.
- the state of the vehicle is detected by the ECU 124, and the ECU 124 outputs a signal indicating the detected state to the power supply control unit 114. Since a known technique may be used for detecting the state of the vehicle in the ECU 124, the description thereof is omitted here.
- the power supply control unit 114 recognizes the state based on a signal from the ECU 124.
- FIG. 3 shows the data structure of the bull stored in the power supply control unit 114.
- the status column 200, the L1 column 202, the L2 column 204, the L3 column 206, and the L7 column 214 are included.
- the state shown in the state column 200 is as described above.
- the L1 column 202 to the L3 column 206 and the L7 column 214 indicate connection states of the first switch L1 to the third switch L3 and the seventh switch L7 to be selected according to the state.
- the power supply control unit 114 specifies the connection state of the first switch L1 to the third switch L3 and the seventh switch L7 by referring to the table according to the recognized state.
- FIG. 4 shows a connection state when the vehicle power supply system 100 is stopped (ignition off).
- a shunt resistor 140 in addition to FIG. 1, a voltage / current / temperature detection unit 142, a voltage / temperature detection unit 144, and a second fuse F2 are included. Since a known technique may be used for these structures, it will be described here.
- the voltage / current / temperature detection unit 142 and the voltage / temperature detection unit 144 output the detection result to the power supply control unit 114 or the ECU 124.
- the signal lines from the power supply control unit 114 to each switch are omitted.
- the power supply control unit 114 turns off the first switch L1, the second switch L2, the third switch L3, and the fifth switch L5, the second switch L3 when the engine of the vehicle is stopped by the ignition off.
- the EDLC 128 is forcibly discharged by turning on the 7 switch L7.
- the power supply control unit 114 defines a current limit mode for limiting the parallel current between the secondary battery 126 and the EDLC 128 and a large current mode for flowing a parallel current larger than the current limit mode. .
- the power supply control unit 114 controls the connection switching circuit 134 to select either the current control mode or the large current mode.
- the power supply control unit 114 switches the connection switching circuit 134 to the current control mode before starting.
- the power supply controller 114 turns off the second switch L2 and turns on the third switch L3.
- the precharge circuit 136 By turning on the precharge circuit 136 in this manner, the secondary battery 126 and the EDLC 128 are connected in parallel via the current limiting resistor 130, and the EDLC 128 is charged by the secondary battery 126. Further, when the voltage of the EDLC 128 becomes a voltage close to full charge, the current control mode is switched to the large current mode.
- the power supply control unit 114 turns on the second switch L2 and turns off or turns on the third switch L3 in the large current mode.
- the precharge circuit 136 is turned off or on.
- the EDLC 128 is fully charged.
- the power supply control unit 114 stores the energy stored in the secondary battery 126 in the EDLC 128 by selecting the current limiting mode or the large current mode according to the storage voltage of the secondary battery 126 and the storage voltage of the EDLC 128. Let Specifically, the large current mode is selected when the stored voltage is greater than the threshold value, and the current limit mode is selected when the stored voltage is equal to or less than the threshold value. When the EDLC 128 is fully charged, the voltage of the EDLC 128 becomes equal to the voltage of the secondary battery 126.
- the precharge circuit 136 is a means for limiting the charging current from the secondary battery 126 to the EDLC 128. In this way, by charging the EDLC 128 whose voltage has been reduced by the secondary battery 126 through the means for controlling the charging current, a large current flows through the secondary battery 126 and the potential difference between both ends of the secondary battery 126 is eliminated. It is prevented that the current cannot be supplied.
- the power supply control unit 114 selects the current limiting mode or the large current mode according to the storage voltage of the secondary battery 126 and the storage voltage of the EDLC 128, thereby storing the storage energy of the secondary battery 126.
- FIG. 5 shows a connection state at the time of restart in the vehicle power supply system 100 after failure at the time of start / restart.
- FIG. 5 is shown similarly to FIG.
- the first switch L1, the second switch L2, the fourth switch L4, and the fifth switch L5 are turned on according to the table shown in FIG. Further, the seventh switch L7 is turned off.
- the seventh switch L7 is turned off.
- the fourth switch L4 is turned off when the power supply from the secondary battery 126 is stopped
- the fifth switch L5 is turned off when the power supply from the EDLC 128 is stopped.
- the fourth switch L4 and the fifth switch L5 are kept on. However, there is a case where the fourth switch L4 and / or the fifth switch L5 are turned off at the time of restart after failure at the time of start / restart.
- the control of the fourth switch L4 will be described.
- an internal short circuit of the secondary battery 126 is assumed. Since the voltage of the internal short-circuited secondary battery 126 is lower than the voltage of the lead storage battery 110, if the lead storage battery 110 and the secondary battery 126 are connected in this state, current flows from the lead storage battery 110 to the secondary battery 126. The flow may cause insufficient power supply to the starter 116.
- the starter 116 when power is supplied from the secondary battery 126 to the starter 116 in a low temperature environment, there is a possibility that the voltage drop becomes large, causing inversion, or that the battery deteriorates due to irreversible side reactions.
- the power supply control unit 114 has a constant voltage difference when the voltage difference between the secondary battery 126 and the lead storage battery 110 is larger than a certain value at the time of restart after the start / restart failure, or when the environmental temperature is a certain value. If it is lower, the fourth switch L4 is turned off. In other cases, the power supply controller 114 turns on the fourth switch L4. Similarly, when the EDLC 128 is insufficiently charged, the fifth switch L5 is turned off. As described above, when the engine is restarted, the power supply control unit 114 preferentially supplies power from the lead storage battery 110 to the starter 116 when the engine is not restarted by the hybrid power supply 112 or when the engine is started by ignition ON. Supply.
- FIG. 6 shows the connection state of the vehicle power supply system 100 during normal operation (alternator on) and when stopped (ignition on).
- FIG. 6 is also shown in the same manner as FIG.
- the first switch L1, the second switch L2, the fourth switch L4, and the fifth switch L5 are turned on according to the table shown in FIG. Further, the seventh switch L7 is turned off.
- electric power is supplied from the lead storage battery 110 to the electrical component 122.
- Power is supplied from the secondary battery 126 to the electrical component 122 via the fourth switch L4 and the first switch L1, and the electrical component is also supplied from the EDLC 128 via the fifth switch L5, the second switch L2, and the first switch L1.
- Power is supplied to 122.
- the power supply control unit 114 stores the power generated by the alternator 120 in the secondary battery 126 by turning on the first switch L1.
- FIG. 7 shows a connection state when the vehicle power supply system 100 is restarted.
- FIG. 7 is also shown in the same manner as FIG. According to the table shown in FIG. 3, the first switch L1 is turned off, and the second switch L2, the fourth switch L4, and the fifth switch L5 are turned on. Further, the seventh switch L7 is turned off. As a result, power is supplied from the secondary battery 126 to the starter 116 via the fourth switch L4 and the second switch L2, and power is also supplied from the EDLC 128 to the starter 116 via the fifth switch L5.
- This configuration can be realized in terms of hardware by a CPU, memory, or other LSI of any computer, and in terms of software, it can be realized by a program loaded in the memory, but here it is realized by their cooperation.
- Draw functional blocks Therefore, those skilled in the art will understand that these functional blocks can be realized in various forms only by hardware and by a combination of hardware and software.
- the lead-acid battery and the hybrid power source can be properly used according to the operating state of the switch between power sources. Moreover, since electric power is supplied to the starter from the hybrid power supply, a highly reliable vehicle power supply system can be provided. Further, the starter consumes a larger amount of current than the general load, and it can be selected whether the lead-acid battery should be used for starting the starter according to the situation. Moreover, since it is selected whether a lead storage battery should be used for a starter start according to a condition, the electric current amount from a lead storage battery can be suppressed. Moreover, when recharging EDLC128, since a secondary battery is used, the power consumption of a lead storage battery can be suppressed.
- the lead storage battery is connected to the general load in a state where it is disconnected from the starter, it is possible to supply power with a stable voltage to the general load. Further, at the time of restart, since the lead storage battery is not used for starting the starter, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the life of the lead storage battery. Further, whether or not the restart can be performed only by supplying power from the hybrid power source depends on the temperature. If the temperature is too low, it may be assumed that the engine cannot be started. Therefore, it is possible to provide redundancy by configuring so that power can be supplied from the lead storage battery to the starter. In particular, when the starter cannot be started from the hybrid power source, the starter can be started with the lead-acid battery.
- the EDLC since the EDLC is directly connected to the starter, energy loss can be reduced. Since energy loss is reduced, the efficiency of starting the engine at the time of restart can be increased. In addition, since a separation mechanism is provided between the EDLC of the hybrid power source and the secondary battery, when the EDLC is not used, it can be left in a discharged state and its deterioration can be suppressed. In the current limiting mode, the power switch is turned off and the precharge switch is turned on, so that the EDLC can be precharged. Moreover, since the current limit mode or the large current mode is selected according to the storage voltage of the secondary battery and the storage voltage of the capacitor, the amount of current can be adjusted according to the situation.
- the EDLC is forcibly discharged when the vehicle is not used, deterioration of the EDLC can be suppressed. Further, since the charging current is recovered by the lead storage battery and the hybrid power source, the electric power generated by the alternator can be recovered efficiently.
- the second embodiment relates to a vehicle power supply system in which a lead storage battery, a secondary battery, and an EDLC are connected in parallel.
- the secondary battery is connected to the starter via the second switch.
- the secondary battery is used as the starter without passing through the second switch. Connected. Since the second switch is not passed, the loss when supplying power from the secondary battery to the starter is reduced. Below, it demonstrates focusing on the difference with Example 1.
- FIG. 1 shows focusing on the difference with Example 1.
- FIG. 8 shows a configuration of the vehicle power supply system 100 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the fifth switch L5 is excluded from FIG. Similar to the first embodiment, the second switch L2 connects the secondary battery 126 and the EDLC 128 in parallel.
- the secondary battery 126 is connected to the starter 116 via the fourth switch L4 and not via the second switch L2.
- the EDLC 128 is connected to the starter 116 via the second switch L2.
- the fourth switch L4 may be omitted.
- the power supply control unit 114 receives a signal indicating the state of the vehicle power supply system 100 from the ECU 124 as described above.
- the signal indicating restart is referred to as a first signal
- the signal indicating that restart is not performed by the hybrid power source 112 is referred to as a second signal.
- the power supply control unit 114 refers to the table according to the received signal, that is, the recognized state, thereby connecting the first switch L1 to the fourth switch L4 and the seventh switch L7.
- FIG. 9 shows the data structure of the table stored in the power supply control unit 114. The table is shown as in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10 shows a connection state when the vehicle power supply system 100 is stopped (ignition off). As in the first embodiment, only the seventh switch L7 is turned on, whereby the EDLC 128 is discharged by the discharging resistor 132.
- FIG. 11 shows a connection state at the time of restart in the vehicle power supply system 100 after a failure at the start / restart.
- the power supply control unit 114 receives the second signal, for example, when the engine is started by turning on the ignition switch of the vehicle, the first switch L1 is turned on according to the table shown in FIG. The switch L2 is turned off and the fourth switch L4 is turned off. Further, the seventh switch L7 is turned off. As a result, electric power is supplied from the lead storage battery 110 to the starter 116 via the first switch L1.
- FIG. 12 shows the connection state of the vehicle power supply system 100 during normal operation (alternator on) and when stopped (ignition on).
- the first switch L1, the second switch L2, and the fourth switch L4 are turned on. Further, the seventh switch L7 is turned off.
- electric power is supplied from the lead storage battery 110 to the electrical component 122.
- Power is supplied from the secondary battery 126 to the electrical component 122 via the fourth switch L4 and the first switch L1, and power is also supplied from the EDLC 128 to the electrical component 122 via the second switch L2 and the first switch L1. Is done.
- FIG. 13 shows a connection state at the time of restart in the vehicle power supply system 100.
- the power supply control unit 114 receives the first signal
- the first switch L1 is turned off
- the second switch L2 is turned on
- the fourth switch L4 is turned on according to the table shown in FIG. Further, the seventh switch L7 is turned off.
- power is supplied from the secondary battery 126 to the starter 116 via the fourth switch L4, and power is also supplied from the EDLC 128 to the starter 116 via the second switch L2.
- the EDLC since the EDLC is connected to the starter via the in-power switch, the EDLC can be disconnected from the current path when the lead storage battery and the starter are connected via the inter-power switch.
- the EDLC In the state where the EDLC is connected, when the starter is started from the lead storage battery, the EDLC is precharged or connected to the EDLC in a state where no electric charge is accumulated. In such a state, it is not known whether the starter can be started just because the lead-acid battery and the starter are connected.
- the starter since the EDLC can be disconnected, the starter can be reliably started with the lead storage battery. Also, the starter can be started at low temperatures. Further, since the second switch L2 is not disposed between the secondary battery and the starter, energy loss can be reduced.
- Example 3 a third embodiment of the present invention will be described.
- the third embodiment relates to a vehicle power supply system in which a lead storage battery, a secondary battery, and an EDLC are connected in parallel as before.
- the first switch L1 is turned on both at the time of restart after a failure at the time of start-up / restart and at the normal time. That is, there is only one type of path from the lead storage battery to the starter and electrical components.
- a bypass path is separately provided for supplying electric power from the lead storage battery to the starter at the time of restart after failure at the time of start-up / restart. This bypass path is not normally used.
- FIG. 14 shows a configuration of the vehicle power supply system 100 according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- a sixth switch L6 is added to the component shown in FIG.
- the sixth switch L6 can be said to be a bypass switch.
- the sixth switch 6 connects the lead storage battery 110 and the starter 116 in parallel while avoiding the first switch L1 and the second switch L2.
- the path including the sixth switch L6 corresponds to the aforementioned bypass path.
- the lead storage battery 110 is connected to the starter 116 via the sixth switch L6.
- the secondary battery 126 is connected to the starter 116 via the fourth switch L4 and not via the second switch L2.
- the EDLC 128 is connected to the starter 116 via the second switch L2.
- the power supply control unit 114 identifies the connection state of the first switch L1 to the fourth switch L4, the sixth switch L6, and the seventh switch L7 by referring to the table according to the received signal, that is, the recognized state. .
- FIG. 15 shows the data structure of the table stored in the power supply control unit 114.
- the L6 column 210 shows on / off control for the sixth switch L6.
- FIG. 16 shows a connection state when the vehicle power supply system 100 is stopped (ignition off). As in the first embodiment, only the seventh switch L7 is turned on, whereby the EDLC 128 is discharged by the discharging resistor 132.
- FIG. 17 shows a connection state at the time of restart in the vehicle power supply system 100 after failure at the time of start / restart.
- the power supply control unit 114 inputs the second signal, for example, when the engine is started by turning on the ignition switch of the vehicle, the fourth switch L4 is turned off according to the table shown in FIG. Only the switch L6 is turned on. As a result, electric power is supplied from the lead storage battery 110 to the starter 116 via the sixth switch L6.
- FIG. 18 shows the connection state of the vehicle power supply system 100 during normal operation (alternator on) and when stopped (ignition on).
- the first switch L1, the second switch L2, and the fourth switch L4 are turned on, and the sixth switch L6 is turned off. Further, the seventh switch L7 is turned off.
- electric power is supplied from the lead storage battery 110 to the electrical component 122.
- Power is supplied from the secondary battery 126 to the electrical component 122 via the fourth switch L4 and the first switch L1, and power is supplied from the EDLC 128 to the electrical component 122 via the second switch L2 and the first switch L1.
- FIG. 19 shows a connection state when the vehicle power supply system 100 is restarted.
- the power control unit 114 receives the first signal
- the first switch L1 is turned off
- the second switch L2 is turned on
- the fourth switch L4 is turned on
- the sixth switch is turned on according to the table shown in FIG. L6 is turned off.
- the seventh switch L7 is turned off.
- power is supplied from the secondary battery 126 to the starter 116 via the fourth switch L4, and power is also supplied from the EDLC 128 to the starter 116 via the second switch L2.
- the bypass path for directly connecting the lead storage battery and the starter since the bypass path for directly connecting the lead storage battery and the starter is provided, when the engine cannot be restarted due to the abnormality of the hybrid power supply, the lead storage battery can supply power to the starter. In addition, since power is supplied from the lead storage battery to the starter, the reliability can be further improved. In addition, since the bypass path is provided separately from the path where the inter-power switch is disposed, even if the inter-power switch fails, power can be supplied from the lead storage battery to the starter. Further, when the engine is started by turning on the ignition switch of the vehicle, the bypass switch is turned on and the switch between power supplies is turned off, so that power can be supplied to the starter even at a low temperature.
- the fourth embodiment relates to a vehicle power supply system in which a lead storage battery, Niike, and EDLC are connected in parallel as before. Further, the fourth embodiment includes a bypass path as in the third embodiment.
- the secondary battery is connected to the starter without going through the second switch, whereas in the fourth embodiment, the EDLC is connected to the starter without going through the second switch. This corresponds to adding a bypass path to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 20 shows a configuration of the vehicle power supply system 100 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the components included in the vehicle power supply system 100 include a sixth switch L6 added to the components shown in FIG. 1, but a precharge circuit 136, a fourth switch L4, a seventh switch L7, The discharge resistor 132 is excluded. Note that these components may be added.
- the lead storage battery 110 is connected to the starter 116 via the sixth switch L6.
- the secondary battery 126 is connected to the starter 116 via the second switch L2.
- the EDLC 128 is connected to the starter 116 via the fifth switch L5.
- the power supply control unit 114 specifies the connection state of the first switch L1, the second switch L2, the fifth switch L5, and the sixth switch L6 by referring to the table according to the received signal, that is, the recognized state. .
- FIG. 21 shows a data structure of a table stored in the power supply control unit 114. The table is shown as before.
- FIG. 22 shows a connection state when the vehicle power supply system 100 is stopped (ignition off). As illustrated, the first switch L1, the second switch L2, the fifth switch L5, and the sixth switch L6 are turned off.
- FIG. 23 shows a connection state at the time of restart in the vehicle power supply system 100 after a failure at the time of start / restart.
- FIG. 24 shows the connection state of the vehicle power supply system 100 during normal operation (alternator on) and when stopped (ignition on).
- the first switch L1, the second switch L2, and the fifth switch L5 are turned on, and the sixth switch L6 is turned off.
- electric power is supplied from the lead storage battery 110 to the electrical component 122.
- Power is supplied from the secondary battery 126 to the electrical component 122 via the first switch L1, and power is supplied from the EDLC 128 to the electrical component 122 via the fifth switch L5, the second switch L2, and the first switch L1.
- FIG. 25 shows a connection state when the vehicle power supply system 100 is restarted.
- the power control unit 114 receives the first signal
- the first switch L1 is turned off
- the second switch L2 and the fifth switch L5 are turned on
- the sixth switch L6 is turned off according to the table shown in FIG. Is done.
- power is supplied from the secondary battery 126 to the starter 116 via the second switch L2
- power is also supplied from the EDLC 128 to the starter 116 via the fifth switch L5.
- the bypass path for directly connecting the lead storage battery and the starter since the bypass path for directly connecting the lead storage battery and the starter is provided, when the engine cannot be restarted due to the abnormality of the hybrid power supply, the lead storage battery can supply power to the starter. In addition, since power is supplied from the lead storage battery to the starter, the reliability can be further improved. In addition, since the bypass path is provided separately from the path where the inter-power switch is disposed, even if the inter-power switch fails, power can be supplied from the lead storage battery to the starter. Further, when the engine is started by turning on the ignition switch of the vehicle, the bypass switch is turned on and the switch between power supplies is turned off, so that power can be supplied to the starter even at a low temperature.
- the fourth switch L4 is connected to the secondary battery 126.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the fourth switch L4 may be omitted. According to this modification, the configuration of the vehicle power supply system 100 can be simplified.
- the first fuse F1 and the second fuse F2 are connected.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- at least one of the first fuse F1 and the second fuse F2 may be omitted. According to this modification, the configuration of the vehicle power supply system 100 can be simplified.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の実施例を具体的に説明する前に、概要を述べる。実施例1は、アイドリングストップ機能およびエネルギー回生機能を有する車両に搭載される車両用電源システムに関する。アイドリングストップ機能は、車両停止時に自動的にエンジンを停止させ、発進時に自動的にエンジンを再始動させる機能である。エネルギー回生機能は、主に減速する際の車両の運動エネルギーによりオルタネータを作動させ、オルタネータが発電したエネルギーにより車両用電源システム等に電力を供給する機能である。アイドリングストップ機能によって、車両停止時にオルタネータ稼動も停止されるので、燃費が改善される。
次に、本発明の実施例2を説明する。実施例2は、実施例1と同様に、鉛蓄電池、二次電池、EDLCが並列に接続された車両用電源システムに関する。実施例1における車両用電源システムでは、第2スイッチを介して二次電池がスタータに接続されているが、実施例2における車両用電源システムでは、第2スイッチを介さず二次電池がスタータに接続される。第2スイッチを介さないので、二次電池からスタータへ電力を供給する際の損失が小さくなる。以下では、実施例1との差異を中心に説明する。
次に、本発明の実施例3を説明する。実施例3は、これまでと同様に、鉛蓄電池、二次電池、EDLCが並列に接続された車両用電源システムに関する。これまでは、始動時・再始動時失敗後の再始動時、通常時のいずれにおいても、第1スイッチL1がオンにされる。つまり、鉛蓄電池からスタータ、電装品へ至る経路は一種類である。一方、実施例3では、始動時・再始動時失敗後の再始動時に鉛蓄電池からスタータへ電力を供給するためのバイパス経路が別途設けられる。このバイパス経路は、通常時に使用されない。
次に、本発明の実施例4を説明する。実施例4は、これまでと同様に、鉛蓄電池、二池、EDLCが並列に接続された車両用電源システムに関する。また、実施例4は、実施例3と同様に、バイパス経路を備える。実施例3では、二次電池が第2スイッチを介さずにスタータに接続されているのに対して、実施例4では、EDLCが第2スイッチを介さずにスタータに接続されている。これは、実施例1にバイパス経路を追加することに相当する。
Claims (20)
- 鉛蓄電池と、
前記鉛蓄電池を除く二次電池とキャパシタとが並列接続されるハイブリッド電源と、
前記ハイブリッド電源と前記鉛蓄電池とを並列接続する電源間スイッチと、
前記ハイブリッド電源と前記鉛蓄電池との電力供給を制御する電源制御部とを備え、
前記ハイブリッド電源は、車両のエンジンを始動させるためのスタータに接続されるとともに、スタータを除く一般負荷に前記電源間スイッチを介して接続され、
前記鉛蓄電池は、一般負荷に接続されるとともに、前記電源間スイッチを介してスタータに接続されることを特徴とする車両用電源システム。 - 前記電源制御部は、エンジンが再始動する場合、前記電源間スイッチをオフさせることと特徴とする請求項1に記載の車両用電源システム。
- 前記電源制御部は、エンジンが再始動する際に、前記ハイブリッド電源による再始動でない場合、前記鉛蓄電池から優先的にスタータへ電力を供給させ、再始動させることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車両用電源システム。
- 前記二次電池と前記キャパシタとを並列接続する電源内スイッチをさらに備え、
前記二次電池は、スタータに接続され、
前記キャパシタは、前記電源内スイッチを介してスタータに接続され、
前記二次電池は、前記電源間スイッチに接続されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車両用電源システム。 - 前記二次電池と前記キャパシタとを並列接続する電源内スイッチをさらに備え、
前記二次電池は、前記電源内スイッチを介してスタータに接続され、
前記鉛蓄電池は、前記電源間スイッチと前記電源内スイッチとを介して、スタータに接続されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車両用電源システム。 - 前記電源制御部は、エンジンが再始動する場合、前記電源間スイッチをオフさせ、前記電源内スイッチをオンさせることを特徴とする請求項4または請求項5に記載の車両用電源システム。
- 前記電源制御部は、車両に設置された車両制御部に接続されるとともに、前記車両制御部から、再始動が示された第1信号、あるいは前記ハイブリッド電源による再始動でないことが示された第2信号を入力可能であり、
前記電源制御部は、第1信号を入力した場合、前記電源間スイッチをオフさせ、前記電源内スイッチをオンさせ、
前記電源制御部は、第2信号を入力した場合、前記電源間スイッチをオンさせ、前記電源内スイッチをオフさせることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の車両用電源システム。 - 前記電源制御部は、車両のイグニッションスイッチがオンされることによってエンジンが始動する場合に、前記電源間スイッチをオンさせることを特徴とする請求項4から請求項7のいずれかに記載の車両用電源システム。
- 一端が前記二次電池に接続し、他端がスタータと前記電源間スイッチと前記電源内スイッチに接続する二次電池接続スイッチをさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の車両用電源システム。
- 前記電源間スイッチと前記電源内スイッチを回避しながら、前記鉛蓄電池とスタータ並列接続するバイパススイッチをさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項4または請求項5に記載の車両用電源システム。
- 前記電源制御部は、車両に設置された車両制御部に接続されるとともに、前記車両制御部から、再始動が示された第1信号、あるいは前記ハイブリッド電源による再始動でないことが示された第2信号を入力可能であり、
前記電源制御部は、第1信号を入力した場合、前記電源間スイッチと前記バイパススイッチとをオフさせ、前記電源内スイッチをオンさせ、
前記電源制御部は、第2信号を入力した場合、前記バイパススイッチをオンさせ、前記電源間スイッチと前記電源内スイッチをオフさせることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の車両用電源システム。 - 前記キャパシタが、前記電源内スイッチを介してスタータに接続される場合において、一端が前記二次電池に接続し、他端がスタータと前記電源間スイッチと前記電源内スイッチに接続する二次電池接続スイッチをさらに備え、
前記電源制御部は、第2信号を入力した場合、前記二次電池接続スイッチをオフにさせることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の車両用電源システム。 - 前記二次電池が、前記電源内スイッチを介してスタータに接続される場合において、一端が前記キャパシタに接続し、他端がスタータと前記電源内スイッチと前記バイパススイッチに接続するキャパシタ接続スイッチをさらに備え、
前記電源制御部は、第2信号を入力した場合、前記キャパシタ接続スイッチをオフにさせることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の車両用電源システム。 - 前記電源制御部は、車両のイグニッションスイッチがオンされることによってエンジンが始動する場合に、前記バイパススイッチをオンさせるとともに、前記電源間スイッチと前記電源内スイッチをオフさせることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の車両用電源システム。
- 前記電源内スイッチとは並列に接続されるプリチャージ回路をさらに備え、
前記電源制御部は、前記二次電池と前記キャパシタとの間の並列電流を制限するための電流制限モードにおいて、前記電源内スイッチをオフさせるとともに、前記プリチャージ回路をオンさせ、
前記電源制御部は、電流制限モードより大きい並列電流を流すための大電流モードにおいて、前記電源内スイッチをオンさせるとともに、前記プリチャージ回路をオフまたはオンさせることを特徴とする請求項4または請求項5に記載の車両用電源システム。 - 前記電源制御部は、前記二次電池の蓄電電圧と前記キャパシタの蓄電電圧に応じて、電流制限モードあるいは大電流モードを選択することによって、前記二次電池の蓄電エネルギーを前記キャパシタに蓄電させることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の車両用電源システム。
- 前記キャパシタに並列接続される放電スイッチをさらに備え、
前記電源制御部は、車両のイグニッションスイッチがオフされることによって、前記電源内スイッチをオフさせ、かつ前記放電スイッチをオンさせることによって、前記キャパシタを強制放電させることを特徴とする請求項4または請求項5に記載の車両用電源システム。 - 前記ハイブリッド電源は、車両の機械的運動エネルギーにより発電するオルタネータに、前記電源間スイッチを介して接続され前記電源制御部は、前記電源間スイッチをオンさせ、前記電源内スイッチをオフすることによって、前記オルタネータによって発電された電力を前記二次電池に蓄電させることを特徴とする請求項4または請求項5に記載の車両用電源システム。
- 前記二次電池は、ニッケル水素電池またはリチウムイオン電池であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車両用電源システム。
- 前記鉛蓄電池は、前記二次電池より容量が大きいことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車両用電源システム。
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Cited By (11)
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JP2016174475A (ja) * | 2015-03-17 | 2016-09-29 | 日立化成株式会社 | 蓄電システム |
CN106394249A (zh) * | 2015-07-31 | 2017-02-15 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | 车辆电源装置 |
JP2017053313A (ja) * | 2015-09-11 | 2017-03-16 | 日産自動車株式会社 | エンジン始動方法、エンジン始動装置 |
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CN105324274A (zh) | 2016-02-10 |
JP6367805B2 (ja) | 2018-08-01 |
US10029572B2 (en) | 2018-07-24 |
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JPWO2015015743A1 (ja) | 2017-03-02 |
US20170106758A1 (en) | 2017-04-20 |
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