WO2015011913A1 - ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 - Google Patents
ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015011913A1 WO2015011913A1 PCT/JP2014/003839 JP2014003839W WO2015011913A1 WO 2015011913 A1 WO2015011913 A1 WO 2015011913A1 JP 2014003839 W JP2014003839 W JP 2014003839W WO 2015011913 A1 WO2015011913 A1 WO 2015011913A1
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- peripheral
- laser light
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- reference element
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- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 83
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
- G02B5/0263—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties with positional variation of the diffusing properties, e.g. gradient or patterned diffuser
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K35/00—Instruments specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement of instruments in or on vehicles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
- G02B5/1861—Reflection gratings characterised by their structure, e.g. step profile, contours of substrate or grooves, pitch variations, materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
- G03B21/14—Details
- G03B21/20—Lamp housings
- G03B21/2006—Lamp housings characterised by the light source
- G03B21/2013—Plural light sources
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
- G03B21/14—Details
- G03B21/20—Lamp housings
- G03B21/2006—Lamp housings characterised by the light source
- G03B21/2033—LED or laser light sources
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
- H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
- H04N9/3129—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] scanning a light beam on the display screen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R2300/00—Details of viewing arrangements using cameras and displays, specially adapted for use in a vehicle
- B60R2300/20—Details of viewing arrangements using cameras and displays, specially adapted for use in a vehicle characterised by the type of display used
- B60R2300/205—Details of viewing arrangements using cameras and displays, specially adapted for use in a vehicle characterised by the type of display used using a head-up display
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0118—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
- G02B26/10—Scanning systems
- G02B26/105—Scanning systems with one or more pivoting mirrors or galvano-mirrors
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a head-up display device that projects a display image onto a projection surface of a moving body such as a vehicle and displays a virtual image of the display image so as to be visible from the room of the moving body.
- HUD device head-up display device
- laser light projected from a projector and incident on a screen member is diffused by a plurality of optical elements arranged in a lattice pattern.
- the laser light thus diffused and projected onto the projection surface is visually recognized by a viewer in the moving body room as a virtual image of the display image.
- the present disclosure has been made in view of such a point, and an object thereof is to provide a HUD device that suppresses luminance unevenness.
- one disclosed aspect is a head-up display device that displays a virtual image of a display image so as to be visible from the interior of the mobile body by projecting the display image onto the projection surface of the mobile body.
- Each optical element is formed with a curved surface having a common curved shape among convex curved and concave curved surfaces, and diffuses laser light emitted from the curved surface toward the projection surface.
- Each reference element The step amount between the respective peripheral element adjacent is different phases.
- the adjacent optical elements emit laser beams from the curved surfaces of the surface exhibiting a common curved shape among the convex curve and the concave curve. Accordingly, the intensity distribution of the diffracted light generated by the interference of the emitted light gives a diffraction peak of a plurality of orders corresponding to the outgoing angle.
- the amount of step formed by shifting the surface vertices of the curved surfaces in steps is different in each of the elements, so that diffraction is performed with the exit angle corresponding to the step amount as the center. A diffraction peak of light occurs.
- each reference element as the reference optical element has a difference in level difference between each of the peripheral elements that are adjacent optical elements. Therefore, the diffraction peak of the diffracted light which a reference element produces between each adjacent peripheral element can be shifted. Thereby, the brightness nonuniformity which a viewer who visually recognizes diffracted light as a virtual image feels can be suppressed.
- Another disclosed aspect includes an element set including a pair of a reference element and a peripheral element adjacent to each other in each arrangement direction in which the reference element and the peripheral element are alternately arranged two-dimensionally.
- the plurality of types of element sets having different step amounts between the reference element and the peripheral elements forming the arrangement are fixed in the arrangement direction for each arrangement direction.
- the arrangement order is fixed for each arrangement direction with respect to a plurality of types of element sets in which the step amounts between the reference element and the peripheral elements forming a pair are different.
- the reference element of each element set in each of the arrangement directions can generate a different level difference between a peripheral element forming the same element set and a peripheral element forming another adjacent element set. . Therefore, with respect to the diffracted light that is generated between the adjacent peripheral elements by the reference element, it is possible to exhibit the shifting action of the diffraction peak according to the difference in level difference over the entire two-dimensional array.
- the peripheral elements of each element set may cause a common step amount between the reference element forming the same element set and the reference element forming another adjacent element set. .
- the peripheral elements of each element set may cause a common step amount between the reference element forming the same element set and the reference element forming another adjacent element set.
- the effect of suppressing luminance unevenness can be enhanced by the shifting action of the diffraction peak viewed from the reference element and the shifting action of the diffraction peak viewed from the peripheral element.
- FIG. 6 is a view partially showing the screen member of the embodiment, and is a cross-sectional view taken along line VI-VI in FIG. 5.
- FIG. 6 is a view partially showing the screen member of the embodiment, and is a cross-sectional view taken along line VII-VII in FIG. 5.
- FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram illustrating the intensity distribution (a) of diffracted light and the centers (b) and (c) of diffraction peaks according to an embodiment.
- a HUD device 100 is mounted on a vehicle 1 as a “moving body” and is housed in an instrument panel 80.
- the HUD device 100 projects a display image 71 onto a windshield 90 that is a “display member” of the vehicle 1.
- the indoor side surface of the windshield 90 forms a projection surface 91 on which the display image 71 is projected in a curved concave shape or a flat planar shape.
- the windshield 90 may have an angle difference for suppressing the optical path difference between the indoor side surface and the outdoor side surface, or vapor deposition for suppressing the optical path difference.
- a film or film may be provided on the indoor side.
- the light flux of the image 71 reflected by the projection surface 91 reaches the eye point 61 of the viewer in the room.
- the viewer visually recognizes the virtual image 70 of the display image 71 formed in front of the windshield 90 by perceiving the light flux that has reached the eye point 61.
- the virtual image 70 can be visually recognized because the eye point 61 is positioned in the visual recognition region 60 of the viewer shown in FIG.
- the HUD device 100 displays the virtual image 70 of the display image 71 so as to be visible from inside the vehicle 1 as shown in FIG.
- the virtual image 70 an instruction display 70a of the traveling speed of the vehicle 1, an instruction display 70b of the traveling direction of the vehicle 1 by the navigation system, a warning display 70c related to the vehicle 1, and the like are displayed.
- the HUD device 100 includes a laser scanner 10, a controller 29, a screen member 30, and an optical system 40 in a housing 50.
- the laser scanner 10 that is a “projector” has a light source unit 13, a light guide unit 20, and a micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) 26.
- MEMS micro electro mechanical system
- the light source unit 13 includes three laser projection units 14, 15, 16 and the like.
- Each laser projection unit 14, 15, 16 projects single-wavelength laser beams having different hues in accordance with a control signal from an electrically connected controller 29.
- the laser projection unit 14 projects, for example, red laser light that appears in a peak wavelength range of 600 to 650 nm (preferably 640 nm).
- the laser projection unit 15 projects blue laser light that appears in a peak wavelength range of 430 to 470 nm (preferably 450 nm).
- the laser projection unit 16 projects, for example, green laser light that appears in a peak wavelength range of 490 to 530 nm (preferably 515 nm).
- various colors can be reproduced by additively mixing the three colors of laser beams projected from the laser projection units 14, 15, and 16.
- the light guide 20 includes three collimating lenses 21, dichroic filters 22, 23, 24, a condenser lens 25, and the like.
- Each of the collimating lenses 21 is arranged at an interval of, for example, 0.5 mm on the laser light projection side with respect to the corresponding laser projection unit 14, 15, 16.
- Each collimating lens 21 collimates the laser light into parallel light by refracting the laser light from the corresponding laser projection unit 14, 15, 16.
- the dichroic filters 22, 23, and 24 are arranged at intervals of, for example, 4 mm on the projection side of the laser projection units 14, 15, and 16 with respect to the corresponding collimating lenses 21.
- Each dichroic filter 22, 23, 24 reflects a laser beam having a specific wavelength and transmits a laser beam having a wavelength other than the laser beam that has passed through the corresponding collimator lens 21.
- the dichroic filter 22 disposed on the projection side of the laser projection unit 14 transmits red laser light and reflects laser light of other colors.
- the dichroic filter 23 disposed on the projection side of the laser projection unit 15 reflects blue laser light and transmits laser light of other colors.
- the dichroic filter 24 arranged on the projection side of the laser projection unit 16 reflects green laser light and transmits laser beams of other colors.
- the dichroic filter 23 is disposed on the green laser beam reflection side of the dichroic filter 24 with an interval of, for example, 6 mm. Further, the dichroic filter 22 is disposed at an interval of, for example, 6 mm on the blue laser light reflection side and the green laser light transmission side by the dichroic filter 23. Further, a condensing lens 25 is disposed, for example, at an interval of 4 mm on the transmission side of the red laser light and the reflection side of the blue laser light and the green laser light by the dichroic filter 22.
- the condensing lens 25 is a plano-convex lens having a flat entrance surface and a convex exit surface.
- the condenser lens 25 focuses the incident laser beam on the incident surface by refraction. As a result, the laser light that has passed through the condenser lens 25 is emitted toward the MEMS 26.
- the MEMS 26 includes a first scanning mirror 27, a second scanning mirror 28, and driving units (not shown) for the scanning mirrors 27 and 28.
- a thin reflective surface 27b is formed by aluminum metal vapor deposition or the like.
- a thin-film reflective surface 28b is formed by metal deposition of aluminum or the like.
- the drive unit of the MEMS 26 individually drives the scanning mirrors 27 and 28 around the rotation shafts 27a and 28a in accordance with a control signal from an electrically connected controller 29.
- the central part of the second scanning mirror 28 constituting the final stage of the laser scanner 10 is arranged with a spacing of, for example, 100 mm with respect to the scanning surface 31 of the screen member 30.
- the laser light sequentially incident on the scanning mirrors 27 and 28 from the condenser lens 25 is sequentially reflected by the reflecting surfaces 27b and 28b and projected onto the scanning surface 31.
- the controller 29 is a control circuit composed of a processor and the like.
- the controller 29 intermittently pulse-projects the laser light by outputting a control signal to each laser projection unit 14, 15, 16.
- the controller 29 outputs a control signal to the drive units of the scanning mirrors 27 and 28, thereby changing the projection direction of the laser light onto the scanning surface 31 in the arrow direction of FIG. 4 along the plurality of scanning lines Ls.
- the display image 71 is drawn by moving the region O on which the laser beam is projected in a circular spot shape on the scanning surface 31 as shown in FIG. That is, the laser light projected from the laser scanner 10 becomes a display image 71 by scanning the scanning surface 31 in the horizontal direction x and the vertical direction y.
- the display image 71 is formed on the scanning plane 31 as 60 frames per second as an image having 480 pixels in the horizontal direction x and 240 pixels in the vertical direction y.
- the horizontal direction x of the scanning surface 31 coincides with the horizontal direction of the vehicle 1.
- the vertical direction y of the scanning surface 31 may be inclined with respect to the vertical direction of the vehicle 1 as shown in FIG. 2 or may coincide with the vertical direction.
- the reflective screen member 30 is formed by evaporating aluminum on the surface of a resin substrate or a glass substrate.
- the screen member 30 is disposed above the laser scanner 10 in the vehicle 1 (see FIGS. 1 and 2).
- the screen member 30 is formed by two-dimensionally arranging a plurality of optical elements 32 as micromirrors in a lattice shape with a horizontal direction x and a vertical direction y. Therefore, in the following, the horizontal direction x and the vertical direction y are collectively referred to as arrangement directions x and y.
- the screen member 30 constitutes a scanning surface 31 by the surface of each optical element 32 (specifically, a curved surface 33 described in detail later).
- the surface of each optical element 32 reflects the laser light projected on the scanning surface 31 to diffuse and emit the laser light.
- the diameter of the projection region O onto which the laser beam is projected on the scanning surface 31 is set to a half value or more with respect to the minimum element width among the element widths of the optical elements 32, for example.
- Each optical element 32 may be formed as a single unit as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, or may be formed separately and held on a common substrate.
- the optical system 40 includes a concave mirror 42 and a drive unit (not shown) for the concave mirror 42.
- the concave mirror 42 is formed by evaporating aluminum on the surface of a resin substrate or a glass substrate.
- the concave mirror 42 reflects the laser light diffused on the scanning surface 31 by the reflecting surface 42 a, thereby guiding the laser light toward the projection surface 91 and projecting the display image 71. That is, the concave mirror 42 forms an optical path from which the diffused laser light is guided from the scanning surface 31 to the projection surface 91.
- the reflection surface 42a is formed as a smooth curved surface having a concave central portion in a direction away from the scanning surface 31 and the projection surface 91, so that the display image 71 can be enlarged and projected.
- the drive unit of the optical system 40 drives the concave mirror 42 to swing around the swing shaft 42b of FIG. 1 in accordance with a control signal from the controller 29 electrically connected.
- the visual recognition area 60 is also moved up and down as the imaging position of the virtual image 70 of the projected display image 71 is moved up and down.
- the position of the visual recognition area 60 is defined in consideration of the eyelips 62.
- the iris 62 represents a space area where the eye point 61 can exist when an arbitrary viewer seated in the driver's seat is assumed in the vehicle 1. In view of this, it is assumed that the visual recognition area 60 that moves up and down in response to the swing of the concave mirror 42 enters at least a part of the iris 62 within the range of the swing.
- the optical system 40 may be provided with optical elements other than the concave mirror 42 instead of or in addition to the concave mirror 42. Further, the laser beam diffused by each optical element 32 may be projected directly onto the projection surface 91 without providing the optical system 40 (concave mirror 42).
- each optical element 32 exhibits a convex curved shape that curves in a convex shape as a common curved shape, thereby forming a curved surface 33 such as an arc convex surface.
- the curved surface 33 of each optical element 32 protrudes to the side facing the laser scanner 10 and the optical system 40 in the direction z (see also FIG. 2) orthogonal to the arrangement directions x and y, and the most protruding point is the surface vertex 34. .
- the optical elements 32 adjacent to each other in the arrangement directions x and y form the boundary 35 between each other by overlapping the contours (outer edges) of the curved surfaces 33 with each other.
- the peak pitch d represented by the distance between the surface vertices 34 of the adjacent optical elements 32 is a value common to all the optical elements 32 (that is, substantially the same value).
- the curvature radius of the curved surface 33 of each optical element 32 is a common value (that is, substantially the same value) on the longitudinal section passing through the surface vertex 34.
- the shift amount in the direction z from the surface vertex 34 to the boundary 35 (that is, the inflection point in the longitudinal section of FIGS. 6 and 7) is referred to as a sag amount.
- the sag amount is indicated by reference numerals SA1, SA2, SA3, SA4, SA5, SB, SC, SD, SE, and SF.
- the difference in the sag amount in the direction z that is, the shift amount given by the surface vertices 34 and 34 shifting in a step shape in the direction z is referred to as a step amount.
- each sag amount SA1, SA2, SA3, SA4, SA5, SB, SC, SD, SE, SF and each step amount ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, ⁇ 4. ⁇ 5 is greatly exaggerated.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive research on the screen member 30 that diffuses and emits laser light by the curved surface 33 of each optical element 32. As a result, the laser beams emitted from the curved surfaces 33 of the adjacent optical elements 32 interfere with each other, thereby generating diffracted light having an intensity distribution that gives a diffraction peak of a plurality of orders according to the emission angle.
- the present inventors have obtained the knowledge that luminance unevenness is caused by the above.
- each optical element 132 has the same dimensional design.
- a common sag amount S is given to each optical element 132, so that the step amounts between the adjacent optical elements 132 are all set to substantially zero.
- the laser beams are emitted from the curved surfaces 133 of the adjacent optical elements 132 at the emission angle ⁇ (see FIG. 10) and interfere with each other, so that the optical path length difference ⁇ L is generated between the laser beams. appear.
- the optical path length difference ⁇ L is expressed by Equation 1 below using a peak pitch d common to all the optical elements 132 under the approximation of sin ⁇ [rad].
- the optical path length difference ⁇ L is an angle difference ⁇ (see FIG. 10) of the emission angle ⁇ that changes by the wavelength ⁇ , that is, the emission angle ⁇ of which the order of the diffraction peak changes by 1.
- the angle difference ⁇ is expressed by the following Equation 2 using the peak pitch d under the approximation of sin ⁇ .
- the intensity distribution corresponds to the angle difference ⁇ of the emission angle ⁇ . That is, the diffraction peaks of the diffracted light generated between the optical element 132 and the adjacent elements 132 on both sides of the optical element 132 are centered on the emission angle ⁇ from 0 to ⁇ ⁇ , and thus overlap each other to increase the intensity.
- the diffraction valley of the diffracted light generated by one optical element 132 between the adjacent elements 132 on both sides is centered on the exit angle ⁇ from ⁇ / 2 to ⁇ and the exit angle ⁇ from ⁇ / 2 to ⁇ . Therefore, it is difficult to strengthen each other even if they overlap each other.
- the diffraction valley means a portion that is a valley between diffraction peaks in the intensity distribution of diffracted light.
- the intensity distribution shown in FIG. 11 is obtained.
- the intensity distribution of FIG. 11 relating to one of the arrangement directions x and y the diffracted light generated by one optical element 132 between the adjacent elements 132 on both sides is shown by a two-dot chain line graph, and the overlapping of the diffracted lights is shown. The result is shown by a solid line graph.
- the intensity difference I increases. Therefore, a viewer who visually recognizes the diffracted light as the virtual image 70 feels uneven brightness corresponding to the large intensity difference I.
- each optical element 32 of the present embodiment includes a plurality of reference elements 32A serving as a reference and a plurality of adjacent elements 32B, 32C, 32D, adjacent to the periphery of each reference element 32A. 32E and 32F.
- These reference elements 32A and a plurality of types of peripheral elements 32B, 32C, 32D, 32E, and 32F surrounding them have different dimensional designs.
- the arrangement form of the reference element 32A and the peripheral elements 32B, 32C, 32D, 32E, and 32F is schematically shown, and the alphabet at the end of the code is included in the outline of each element. Only shown.
- a pair of the reference element 32A and the peripheral element 32B adjacent to each other forms a first element set P1.
- jp is defined as an integer of 0 or more
- jm is defined as an integer of 1 or more
- the wavelength of the laser beam is defined as ⁇
- ⁇ ⁇ 1 is defined as a numerical value that satisfies the condition that is larger than ⁇ / 32 and smaller than ⁇ / 32.
- the step amount ⁇ 1 is expressed by Equation 3 or Equation 4 below.
- the sag amount SA1 corresponding to the step amount ⁇ 1 is given to the reference element 32A between the surface vertex 34 of itself and the peripheral element 32B of the same set P1.
- the sag amount SB corresponding to the step amount ⁇ 1 is given to the peripheral element 32B with the reference element 32A of the same set P1.
- ⁇ 1 ⁇ (8jp + 1) / 16 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ + ⁇ 1 (Formula 3)
- ⁇ 1 ⁇ (8jm ⁇ 1) / 16 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ + ⁇ 1 (Formula 4)
- a pair of the reference element 32A and the peripheral element 32C adjacent to each other forms a second element set P2.
- the step amount ⁇ 2 is expressed as an odd number of 1 or more
- the wavelength of the laser beam is defined as ⁇
- ⁇ is larger than ⁇ / 32
- ⁇ / 32 ⁇ 2 is defined as a numerical value satisfying a smaller condition.
- the step amount ⁇ 2 is expressed by Equation 5 below.
- the sag amount SA2 corresponding to the step amount ⁇ 2 is given to the reference element 32A between the surface vertex 34 of itself and the peripheral element 32C of the same set P2.
- the sag amount SC corresponding to the step amount ⁇ 2 is given to the peripheral element 32C between the reference element 32A of the same set P2.
- ⁇ 2 (k / 8) ⁇ ⁇ + ⁇ 2 (Formula 5)
- a pair of the reference element 32A and the peripheral element 32D adjacent to each other constitutes a third element set P3.
- lp is defined as an integer greater than or equal to
- lm is defined as an integer greater than or equal to 1
- the wavelength of the laser beam is defined as ⁇ .
- ⁇ 3 is defined as a numerical value that satisfies the condition that is larger than ⁇ / 32 and smaller than ⁇ / 32. Under these definitions, the step amount ⁇ 3 is expressed by the following Equation 6 or Equation 7.
- the sag amount SA3 corresponding to the step amount ⁇ 3 is given to the reference element 32A between the surface vertex 34 of itself and the peripheral element 32D of the same set P3.
- a sag amount SD corresponding to the step amount ⁇ 3 is given to the peripheral element 32D with the reference element 32A of the same set P3.
- ⁇ 3 ⁇ (8lp + 3) / 16 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ + ⁇ 3
- ⁇ 3 ⁇ (8lm ⁇ 3) / 16 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ + ⁇ 3
- Example 7 In each of the arrangement directions x and y, a pair of the reference element 32A and the peripheral element 32E adjacent to each other forms a fourth element set P4.
- the step amount ⁇ 4 is expressed by the following mathematical formula 8.
- the sag amount SA4 corresponding to the step amount ⁇ 4 is given to the reference element 32A between the surface vertex 34 of itself and the peripheral element 32E of the same set P4.
- the peripheral element 32E is given a sag amount SE corresponding to the step amount ⁇ 4 between the reference element 32A of the same set P4.
- n is defined as an integer of 0 or more
- the wavelength of the laser beam is defined as ⁇ , and is larger than ⁇ / 32
- ⁇ / 32 ⁇ 5 is defined as a numerical value satisfying a smaller condition.
- the step amount ⁇ 5 is expressed by the following formula 9.
- the sag amount SA5 corresponding to the step amount ⁇ 5 is given to the reference element 32A between the surface vertex 34 of itself and the peripheral element 32F of the same set P5.
- a sag amount SF corresponding to the step amount ⁇ 5 is given to the peripheral element 32F with respect to the reference element 32A of the same set P5.
- ⁇ 5 (n / 2) ⁇ ⁇ + ⁇ 5 (Equation 9)
- i 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
- the correlation between the element set Pi, the step amount ⁇ i, and the sag amounts SAi, SB, SC, SD, SE, SF is shown in FIG. The relationship is as shown schematically.
- a plurality of types of element sets Pi classified with different step amounts ⁇ i according to Equations 3 to 9 are arranged in a fixed order for each of the arrangement directions x and y in this embodiment. That is, the arrangement order of the element sets Pi in the horizontal direction x is fixed in the order of P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5 from the left side to the right side in FIGS. On the other hand, the arrangement order of the element sets Pi in the vertical direction y is fixed in the order of P4, P1, P3, P5, and P2 from the upper side to the lower side in FIGS.
- an arrangement form in which the reference element 32A and any of the peripheral elements 32B, 32C, 32D, 32E, and 32F are alternately arranged appears in each arrangement direction x and y.
- the peripheral elements 32B, 32C, 32D, 32E, and 32F are sandwiched between the reference elements 32A from both sides in any arrangement direction x and y by a fixed arrangement order.
- the number of arrangements of the reference element 32A and the peripheral elements 32B, 32C, 32D, 32E, and 32F is fixed to the five peripheral elements 32A, 32C, 32D, 32E, and the reference element 32A. There is one 32F.
- the reference element 32A of each element set Pi is also between peripheral elements 32B, 32C, 32D, 32E, and 32F of another element set Pi whose arrangement order is adjacent as shown in FIGS. , Step amounts ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, ⁇ 4, and ⁇ 5.
- the reference element 32A of each element set Pi differs in the step amount ⁇ i from the peripheral elements 32B, 32C, 32D, 32E, and 32F adjacent in any direction x and y.
- the peripheral elements 32B, 32C, 32D, 32E, and 32F of each element set Pi are also connected to the reference element 32A of another element set Pi that is adjacent to the reference element 32A of the same element set Pi.
- step amount ⁇ i Due to the step amount ⁇ i, the thickness of the screen member 30 at the surface vertex 34 of the curved surface 33 of the reference element 32A is different from the thickness of the screen member 30 at the surface vertex 34 of all the curved surfaces 33 of the adjacent optical elements 32. . Note that it is preferable to secure the element width of each of the peripheral elements 32B, 32C, 32D, 32E, and 32F by setting the step amount ⁇ i to 1.2 ⁇ m or less.
- the sag amount SAi from the peripheral elements 32B, 32C, 32D, 32E, 32F forming the same element set Pi to its own surface vertex 34 is the corresponding step amount ⁇ i. It is different depending on.
- the reference element 32A of each element set Pi corresponds to the area from the peripheral elements 32B, 32C, 32D, 32E, and 32F of another element set Pi that are adjacent to each other to the surface vertex 34 of the element set Pi.
- the sag amount SAi differs depending on the step amount ⁇ i.
- the boundary 35 interposed between the reference element 32A and each of the peripheral elements 32B, 32C, 32D, 32E, and 32F so as to provide such a sag amount SAi is indicated by a line as shown in FIGS. It is formed in a shape.
- the sag amounts SB, SC, SD, SE, between the reference element 32A forming the same element set Pi and its own surface vertex 34 are displayed.
- SF differs depending on the corresponding step amount ⁇ i.
- the corresponding steps between the reference element 32A of the adjacent element set Pi and its own surface vertex 34 are displayed.
- the sag amounts SB, SC, SD, SE, SF are different depending on the amount ⁇ i.
- the peak pitch d of the peripheral elements 32B, 32C, 32D, 32E, and 32F with respect to the reference element 32A is set as described above so that the sag amounts SB, SC, SD, SE, and SF are generated. It is common.
- the laser beams are emitted from the curved surfaces 33 of the adjacent optical elements 32 at the emission angle ⁇ (see FIG. 14) and interfere with each other, so that an optical path length difference ⁇ L is generated in the laser beams.
- the optical path length difference ⁇ L is expressed by the following Expression 10 or Expression 11 using an approximation of sin ⁇ [rad] and a peak pitch d sufficiently larger than any of the step amounts ⁇ i.
- Formula 10 is established between each peripheral element 32B, 32C, 32D, 32E, and 32F and the adjacent reference element 32A on one side thereof (for example, the right side in FIGS. 6 and 7) for each of the arrangement directions x and y. To do.
- the mathematical expression 11 is between each peripheral element 32B, 32C, 32D, 32E, 32F and the adjacent reference element 32A on the opposite side (for example, the left side in FIGS. 6 and 7).
- the angle difference ⁇ of the emission angle ⁇ at which the optical path length difference ⁇ L changes by the wavelength ⁇ (see FIG. 14), that is, the angle difference ⁇ of the emission angle ⁇ at which the order of the diffraction peak changes by 1, is the same as in the comparative example. It is represented by the following formula 12 using the peak pitch d.
- the wavelengths ⁇ constituting the mathematical expressions 3 to 9 and 12 are set for at least one color of laser light.
- the wavelength ⁇ is preferably the peak wavelength of the green laser beam having high visibility or the peak wavelength of the red laser beam having a large diffraction angle.
- the intensity distribution corresponds to the angle difference ⁇ of the emission angle ⁇ as shown in FIG. That is, the diffraction peaks generated between the peripheral elements 32B, 32C, 32D, 32E, and 32F and the adjacent reference element 32A on one side in accordance with Expressions 10 and 12 are shifted by 2 ⁇ ⁇ i ⁇ ⁇ / ⁇ with respect to 0. From the 0th-order diffraction angle ⁇ 0, the emission angle ⁇ is generated for each ⁇ ⁇ .
- the diffraction peaks generated between the peripheral elements 32B, 32C, 32D, 32E, and 32F and the adjacent reference element 32A on the opposite side according to the mathematical expressions 11 and 12 are ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ i ⁇ ⁇ / ⁇ From the shifted 0th-order diffraction angle - ⁇ 0, the emission angle ⁇ is generated around ⁇ ⁇ .
- the diffraction peaks of the diffracted light generated between the peripheral elements 32B, 32C, 32D, 32E, and 32F and the reference element 32A have been observed.
- the diffraction peaks of diffracted light generated between the reference element 32A and the peripheral elements 32B, 32C, 32D, 32E, and 32F will be viewed.
- the diffraction peak generated between the reference element 32A and the adjacent peripheral elements 32B, 32C, 32D, 32E, and 32F is ⁇ / 16 ⁇ ⁇ corresponding to different step amounts ⁇ i. Deviations in intensity distribution.
- ⁇ ⁇ is a deviation from ⁇ / 16 to ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, ⁇ 4, ⁇ 5 of the corresponding equations 3 to 9 for each of the adjacent peripheral elements 32B, 32C, 32D, 32E, 32F of the reference element 32A. It depends on your needs. 16 and later-described FIG. 17 show a case where ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, ⁇ 4, and ⁇ 5 are all 0, that is, when ⁇ ⁇ is all 0, for easy understanding of the description. .
- the diffraction peak generated between the reference element 32A and the one adjacent peripheral element 32C is different from that of the other adjacent peripheral elements 32B, 32D, 32E, and 32F. It overlaps with the diffraction valley that occurs between them.
- a to e in FIG. 15 correspond to a to e in FIG. 16, respectively.
- FIGS. 15 and 16 and FIG. 17 described later only the case of Equation 3 with respect to ⁇ 1 and only the case of Equation 6 with respect to ⁇ 3 are shown, but in both cases of Equation 4 with respect to ⁇ 1 and Equation 7 with respect to ⁇ 3, Similar results are obtained.
- the diffracted light generated by the reference element 32A between the adjacent peripheral elements 32B, 32C, 32D, 32E, and 32F is superimposed for each of the arrangement directions x and y as shown in FIG.
- the intensity distribution shown in FIG. 17 is obtained.
- the diffracted light generated by the reference element 32A between the adjacent peripheral elements 32B, 32C, 32D, 32E, and 32F is shown by a two-dot chain line graph.
- the result of superimposing these diffracted lights is shown by a solid line graph.
- the intensity difference I is as small as possible between the emission angle ⁇ at the center of each diffraction peak and the emission angle ⁇ between the centers. Therefore, a viewer who visually recognizes the diffracted light as the virtual image 70 is less likely to feel uneven brightness according to such a small intensity difference I.
- the adjacent optical elements 32 emit laser beams from the curved surfaces 33 of the surface having a common convex curved form, and therefore the intensity distribution of the diffracted light generated by the interference of the emitted light has an emission angle ⁇ .
- the step amount ⁇ i formed by shifting the surface vertices 34 of the curved surface 33 in a step shape is different in each of the elements 32, so that the corresponding step amount ⁇ i is determined.
- a diffraction peak of diffracted light is generated around the emission angle ⁇ .
- each reference element 32A as the reference optical element 32 is in phase with each of the peripheral elements 32B, 32C, 32D, 32E, and 32F that are adjacent optical elements 32. It has different step amount ⁇ i. Thereby, the diffraction peak of the diffracted light generated between the adjacent peripheral elements 32B, 32C, 32D, 32E, and 32F by the reference element 32A can be shifted according to the different step amounts ⁇ i. Thereby, the brightness nonuniformity which a viewer who visually recognizes diffracted light as a virtual image feels can be suppressed.
- the reference element 32A and the peripheral elements 32B, 32C, 32D, 32E, and 32F are alternately two-dimensionally arranged in the directions x and y, and the reference element 32A and any of the peripheral elements adjacent to each other.
- a pair of 32B, 32C, 32D, 32E, and 32F is defined as each element set Pi.
- the arrangement order is arranged for each of the arrangement directions x and y. Is fixed.
- the reference element 32A of each element set Pi in each of the arrangement directions x and y is adjacent to any one of the peripheral elements 32B, 32C, 32D, 32E, and 32F forming the same element set Pi, and another adjacent element.
- Different step amounts ⁇ i may occur between any of the peripheral elements 32B, 32C, 32D, 32E, and 32F that form the set Pi. Therefore, with respect to the diffracted light generated between the adjacent peripheral elements 32B, 32C, 32D, 32E, and 32F by the reference element 32A, the shifting action of the diffraction peak corresponding to the different step amount ⁇ i is performed in the entire two-dimensional array. Can demonstrate.
- peripheral elements 32B, 32C, 32D, 32E, and 32F of each element set Pi are between the reference element 32A that forms the same element set Pi in each of the arrangement directions x and y in which the arrangement order is fixed.
- a common step amount ⁇ i may occur between the reference element 32A forming the adjacent separate element set Pi.
- the diffraction peak of the diffracted light generated between the reference element 32A and the peripheral elements 32B, 32C, 32D, 32E, 32F is ⁇ / 16 ⁇ Shift by ⁇ .
- the difference I becomes as small as possible. Therefore, it is possible to enhance the suppression effect of the luminance unevenness felt by the viewer due to the intensity difference I of the diffracted light.
- the peak wavelength of the green laser light that appears in the range of 490 to 530 nm among the laser beams of a plurality of colors is expressed as ⁇ in Equations 3 to 9 and 12.
- the diffraction peak for the wavelength can be shifted.
- the peak wavelength of the red laser beam appearing in the range of 600 to 650 nm among the laser beams of a plurality of colors is defined as ⁇ in Expressions 3 to 9 and 12.
- the diffraction peak can be shifted with respect to the wavelength. In this case, it is possible to suppress luminance unevenness in a color that becomes more conspicuous as the diffraction angle becomes larger.
- a different sag amount SAi corresponding to the step amount ⁇ i is generated between the adjacent peripheral elements 32B, 32C, 32D, 32E, and 32F.
- a linear boundary 35 is interposed. According to this, the occurrence of incident light loss and ghost superposition due to laser light diffraction at the boundary 35 is suppressed by the linear boundary 35, and the luminance unevenness felt by the viewer is also suppressed by the different step amount ⁇ i. It becomes possible.
- each of the peripheral elements 32B, 32C, 32D, 32E, and 32F adjacent to each reference element 32A has a peak pitch d common to the adjacent reference element 32A and a different sag. It has the quantities SB, SC, SD, SE, SF.
- different sag amounts SAi depending on the step amount ⁇ i can surely occur in each reference element 32A via the linear boundary 35.
- the structure in which the step amount ⁇ i is made different is simplified by sharing the peak pitch d, and the luminance unevenness felt by the viewer can be suppressed by the difference in step amount ⁇ i.
- any one of the peripheral elements 32B, 32C, 32D, 32E, and 32F (the peripheral element 32F in the example of FIG. 18) is formed on the screen member 30 as shown in FIG. It does not have to be.
- the step amount ⁇ i between the element formed on the screen member 30 among the peripheral elements 32B, 32C, 32D, 32E, and 32F and the reference element 32A is in accordance with the corresponding expression among Expressions 3 to 9. Maybe or not. However, even in this case, it is necessary to make the amount of steps different between each reference element 32A and each of its adjacent peripheral elements.
- peripheral elements may be formed on the screen member 30 in addition to the peripheral elements 32B, 32C, 32D, 32E, and 32F.
- the step amount ⁇ i between the peripheral elements 32B, 32C, 32D, 32E, and 32F and the reference element 32A may or may not follow Equations 3 to 9.
- a concave curved curved surface 1033 such as an arc concave surface as shown in FIG. It may be formed on the surface.
- the curved surface 1033 on the surface of each optical element 1032 is recessed to the opposite side to the laser scanner 10 and the optical system 40 in the direction z orthogonal to the directions x and y, and the most recessed point is defined as a surface vertex 1034.
- the structure similar to the above-mentioned embodiment is employ
- curved surfaces 33 and 1033 are formed on the surfaces of the optical elements 32 and 1032 as microlenses by transmitting the laser light projected on the scanning surface 31 and diffusing and emitting the laser light. May be.
- the reference element 32 ⁇ / b> A and the peripheral elements 32 ⁇ / b> B, 32 ⁇ / b> C, 32 ⁇ / b> D, 32 ⁇ / b> E, and 32 ⁇ / b> F may be adjacent to each other via a step-like boundary 35.
- the sag amounts of the peripheral elements with respect to the reference element 32A may be different or may be common.
- different radii of curvature in the horizontal direction x and the vertical direction y may be set for the same optical element 32, 1032. Furthermore, as a modified example 8, different curvature radii may be set between the adjacent optical elements 32 and 1032.
- a single scanning mirror that can rotate about two axes may be employed as the MEMS 26 of the laser scanner 10 that is a “projector”.
- an element other than the windshield 90 may be adopted as the “display member” that forms the projection surface 91 of the vehicle 1.
- the element is affixed to the indoor side surface of the windshield 90 or windshield A combiner or the like formed separately from 90 may be adopted.
- the present disclosure may be applied to various moving bodies (transport equipment) such as a ship other than the vehicle 1 or an airplane.
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Abstract
Description
以下、HUD装置100の全体的な特徴を説明する。図1に示すようにHUD装置100は、レーザスキャナ10、コントローラ29、スクリーン部材30及び光学系40を、ハウジング50内に備えている。
次に、光学素子32の詳細な特徴を説明する。
ΔL=d・θ …(数式1)
α=λ/d …(数式2)
これら数式1,2に基いて、比較例での光路長差ΔLが0,±λとなるとき、即ち回折ピークの次数が0,±1となるときの各配列方向x,yの強度分布を図10に示す。図10に示す如く、強度分布は、出射角θの角度差αに応じている。即ち、一光学素子132がその両側の隣接素子132との間で生じさせる回折光の回折ピークは、0から±α毎の出射角θを中心に生じるため、互いに重なって強度を強め合う。また、一光学素子132が両側隣接素子132との間で生じさせる回折光の回折バレーは、α/2からα毎の出射角θと-α/2から-α毎の出射角θとを中心に生じるため、互いに重なっても強度を強め合い難い。尚、回折バレーとは、回折光の強度分布において回折ピーク間の谷間となる部分を、意味する。
δ1={(8jp+1)/16}・λ+ε1 …(数式3)
δ1={(8jm-1)/16}・λ+ε1 …(数式4)
配列方向x,yの夫々において、互いに隣接する基準素子32Aと周辺素子32Cとの対は、第二素子組P2を構成している。この対をなす素子32A,32C間での段差量δ2を表すために、1以上の奇数としてkを定義し、レーザ光の波長をλと定義し、-λ/32よりも大きく且つλ/32よりも小さい条件を満たす数値としてε2を定義する。これらの定義の下において段差量δ2は、下記の数式5により表される。ここで基準素子32Aには、自身の面頂点34と同一組P2の周辺素子32Cとの間にて、段差量δ2に対応したサグ量SA2が与えられている。それと共に周辺素子32Cには、同一組P2の基準素子32Aとの間にて、段差量δ2に対応したサグ量SCが与えられている。
δ2=(k/8)・λ+ε2 …(数式5)
配列方向x,yの夫々において、互いに隣接する基準素子32Aと周辺素子32Dとの対は、第三素子組P3を構成している。この対をなす素子32A,32D間での段差量δ3を表すために、0以上の整数としてlpを定義し、1以上の整数としてlmを定義し、レーザ光の波長をλと定義し、-λ/32よりも大きく且つλ/32よりも小さい条件を満たす数値としてε3を定義する。これらの定義の下において段差量δ3は、下記の数式6又は数式7により表される。ここで基準素子32Aには、自身の面頂点34と同一組P3の周辺素子32Dとの間にて、段差量δ3に対応したサグ量SA3が与えられている。それと共に周辺素子32Dには、同一組P3の基準素子32Aとの間にて、段差量δ3に対応したサグ量SDが与えられている。
δ3={(8lp+3)/16}・λ+ε3 …(数式6)
δ3={(8lm-3)/16}・λ+ε3 …(数式7)
配列方向x,yの夫々において、互いに隣接する基準素子32Aと周辺素子32Eとの対は、第四素子組P4を構成している。この対をなす素子32A,32E間での段差量δ4を表すために、1以上の奇数としてmを定義し、レーザ光の波長をλと定義し、-λ/32よりも大きく且つλ/32よりも小さい条件を満たす数値としてε4を定義する。これらの定義の下において段差量δ4は、下記の数式8により表される。ここで基準素子32Aには、自身の面頂点34と同一組P4の周辺素子32Eとの間にて、段差量δ4に対応したサグ量SA4が与えられている。それと共に周辺素子32Eには、同一組P4の基準素子32Aとの間にて段差量δ4に対応したサグ量SEが与えられている。
δ4=(m/4)・λ+ε4 …(数式8)
配列方向x,yの夫々において、互いに隣接する基準素子32Aと周辺素子32Fとの対は、第五素子組P5を構成している。この対をなす素子32A,32F間での段差量δ5を表すために、0以上の整数としてnを定義し、レーザ光の波長をλと定義し、-λ/32よりも大きく且つλ/32よりも小さい条件を満たす数値としてε5を定義する。これらの定義の下において段差量δ5は、下記の数式9により表される。ここで基準素子32Aには、自身の面頂点34と同一組P5の周辺素子32Fとの間にて、段差量δ5に対応したサグ量SA5が与えられている。それと共に周辺素子32Fには、同一組P5の基準素子32Aとの間にて、段差量δ5に対応したサグ量SFが与えられている。
δ5=(n/2)・λ+ε5 …(数式9)
ここで、i=1,2,3,4,5としたとき、素子組Piと段差量δiとサグ量SAi,SB,SC,SD,SE,SFとの間の相関関係は、図13に模式的に示すような関係となる。かかる相関関係下、数式3~9に従う段差量δiが相異ならされて分類される複数種類の素子組Piは、本実施形態では、配列方向x,y毎に固定された順序で並んでいる。即ち、水平方向xにおける素子組Piの並び順序は、図5,12の左側から右側へ向かってP1,P2,P3,P4,P5の順に固定されている。また一方、垂直方向yにおける素子組Piの並び順序は、図5,12の上側から下側へ向かってP4,P1,P3,P5,P2の順に固定されている。
ΔL=d・θ-2・δi …(数式10)
ΔL=d・θ+2・δi …(数式11)
α=λ/d …(数式12)
尚、複数色のレーザ光をレーザスキャナ10より投射する本実施形態では、数式3~9,12を構成する波長λは、少なくとも一色のレーザ光について設定される。例えば一色のレーザ光にについて設定する場合には、視感度の高い緑色レーザ光のピーク波長、あるいは回折角の大きな赤色レーザ光のピーク波長を、波長λとすることが好ましい。また、二色以上のレーザ光について設定する場合には、それら二色以上の各ピーク波長λ毎に数式3~9を成立させることが好ましい。
以上説明した本実施形態の作用効果を、以下に説明する。
以上、本開示の一実施形態について説明したが、本開示は、当該実施形態に限定して解釈されるものではなく、本開示の要旨を逸脱しない範囲内において種々の実施形態に適用することができる。
Claims (8)
- 移動体(1)の投影面(91)に表示画像(71)を投影することにより、前記表示画像の虚像(70)を前記移動体の室内から視認可能に表示するヘッドアップディスプレイ装置であって、
前記表示画像となるレーザ光を投射する投射器(10)と、
格子状に配列される複数の光学素子(32,1032)を、有し、前記投射器から前記光学素子に入射される前記レーザ光を拡散して前記投影面側に導くスクリーン部材(30)とを、備え、
各前記光学素子は、凸状湾曲及び凹状湾曲のうち共通の湾曲形態を呈する湾曲面(33,1033)を、表面に形成し、当該湾曲面から前記投影面側に出射させる前記レーザ光を、拡散し、
各前記光学素子は、基準となる複数の基準素子(32A)と、各前記基準素子の周辺に複数ずつ隣接する周辺素子(32B,32C,32D,32E,32F)とを有し、
各前記基準素子と、隣接する前記周辺素子の夫々とは、前記湾曲面の面頂点(34,1034)同士が段差状にずれており、
各前記基準素子と、隣接する前記周辺素子の夫々との間における段差量(δi,δ1,δ2,δ3,δ4,δ5)は、相異なっているヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。 - 前記基準素子と前記周辺素子とが交互に二次元配列される各配列方向(x,y)において、互いに隣接する前記基準素子と前記周辺素子との対からなる素子組を備え、
対をなす前記基準素子及び前記周辺素子間での前記段差量が相異なる複数種類の前記素子組(Pi,P1,P2,P3,P4,P5)は、前記配列方向毎に並び順序が固定される請求項1に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。 - 各前記光学素子は、前記湾曲面での反射により前記レーザ光を拡散して出射し、
0以上の整数としてjp,lp,nを定義し、1以上の整数としてjm,lmを定義し、1以上の奇数としてk,mを定義し、前記レーザ光の波長をλと定義し、-λ/32よりも大きく且つλ/32よりも小さい条件を満たす数値としてε1,ε2,ε3,ε4,ε5を定義したとき、各前記素子組は、
対をなす前記基準素子及び前記周辺素子(32B)間での前記段差量(δ1)が数式{(8jp+1)/16}・λ+ε1、又は数式{(8jm-1)/16}・λ+ε1にて表される第一素子組(P1)と、
対をなす前記基準素子及び前記周辺素子(32C)間での前記段差量(δ2)が数式(k/8)・λ+ε2にて表される第二素子組(P2)と、
対をなす前記基準素子及び前記周辺素子(32D)間での前記段差量(δ3)が数式{(8lp+3)/16}・λ+ε3、又は数式{(8lm-3)/16}・λ+ε3にて表される第三素子組(P3)と、
対をなす前記基準素子及び前記周辺素子(32E)間での前記段差量(δ4)が数式(m/4)・λ+ε4にて表される第四素子組(P4)と、
対をなす前記基準素子及び前記周辺素子(32F)間での前記段差量(δ5)が数式(n/2)・λ+ε5にて表される第五素子組(P5)とを備える請求項2に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。 - 前記投射器は、ピーク波長が490~530nmの範囲に現れる緑色レーザ光を含んだ複数色の前記レーザ光を、投射し、
前記緑色レーザ光のピーク波長を前記λとする請求項3に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。 - 前記投射器は、ピーク波長が600~650nmの範囲に現れる赤色レーザ光を含んだ複数色の前記レーザ光を、投射し、
前記赤色レーザ光のピーク波長を前記λとする請求項3又は4に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。 - 各前記基準素子において、線状の境界を介して隣接する前記周辺素子の夫々と前記面頂点との間には、前記段差量に応じて相異なるサグ量(SAi,SA1,SA2,SA3,SA4,SA5)を有する請求項1~5の何れか一項に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。
- 各前記基準素子は、隣接する前記周辺素子の夫々との間に、共通のピークピッチ(d)を有し、それら隣接する前記周辺素子同士には、相異なるサグ量(SB,SC,SD,SE,SF)を有する請求項6に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。
- 移動体(1)の投影面(91)に表示画像(71)を投影することにより、前記表示画像の虚像(70)を前記移動体の室内から視認可能に表示するヘッドアップディスプレイ装置であって、
前記表示画像となるレーザ光を投射する投射器(10)と、
前記投射器が投射する前記レーザ光を拡散して前記投影面に至る光路に導くスクリーン部材(30)とを、備え、
前記スクリーン部材は、格子状に配列された複数の光学素子からなり、
前記複数の光学素子は、それぞれ湾曲面(33,1033)を有し、
前記複数の光学素子は、前記湾曲面の面頂点(34,1034)における前記スクリーン部材の厚さが、隣接する光学素子全ての前記湾曲面の面頂点における前記スクリーン部材の厚さと異なる基準素子(32A)と、前記基準素子を取り囲む複数種類の周辺素子(32B,32C,32D,32E,32F)とを含むヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。
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US14/906,275 US9835774B2 (en) | 2013-07-24 | 2014-07-22 | Head-up display device |
KR1020167001468A KR101848186B1 (ko) | 2013-07-24 | 2014-07-22 | 헤드업 디스플레이 장치 |
DE112014003428.2T DE112014003428T5 (de) | 2013-07-24 | 2014-07-22 | Head-up-Anzeigevorrichtung |
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JP6172400B2 (ja) | 2014-09-03 | 2017-08-02 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 画像表示装置 |
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WO2018066912A1 (ko) * | 2016-10-05 | 2018-04-12 | 엘지이노텍(주) | 헤드업 디스플레이 장치 |
CN108427192A (zh) * | 2017-02-13 | 2018-08-21 | 怡利电子工业股份有限公司 | 窄角扩散片抬头显示设备 |
JP6880244B2 (ja) * | 2018-01-25 | 2021-06-02 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 投映像表示用部材、ウインドシールドガラスおよびヘッドアップディスプレイシステム |
JP2019158991A (ja) | 2018-03-09 | 2019-09-19 | 株式会社リコー | 表示装置、表示システムおよび移動体 |
JP7058912B2 (ja) * | 2018-03-19 | 2022-04-25 | 矢崎総業株式会社 | ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 |
WO2020071053A1 (en) * | 2018-10-05 | 2020-04-09 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Optical element, display device, display system, and mobile object |
JP2020071305A (ja) * | 2018-10-30 | 2020-05-07 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 頭部装着型表示装置 |
TWI676823B (zh) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-11-11 | 中強光電股份有限公司 | 抬頭顯示裝置 |
JP7472629B2 (ja) | 2020-04-28 | 2024-04-23 | 船井電機株式会社 | 投光装置および移動体用投光装置 |
JP2021174739A (ja) | 2020-04-30 | 2021-11-01 | 船井電機株式会社 | 投光装置および車両用投光装置 |
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WO2024004289A1 (ja) * | 2022-06-29 | 2024-01-04 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 光学系、及び、画像表示装置 |
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CN105408804B (zh) | 2018-05-29 |
KR20160019965A (ko) | 2016-02-22 |
JP6213010B2 (ja) | 2017-10-18 |
KR101848186B1 (ko) | 2018-04-11 |
US9835774B2 (en) | 2017-12-05 |
DE112014003428T5 (de) | 2016-04-28 |
CN105408804A (zh) | 2016-03-16 |
JP2015025874A (ja) | 2015-02-05 |
US20160170099A1 (en) | 2016-06-16 |
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