WO2015003497A1 - 一种滑动摩擦发电机、发电方法以及矢量位移传感器 - Google Patents
一种滑动摩擦发电机、发电方法以及矢量位移传感器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015003497A1 WO2015003497A1 PCT/CN2014/072244 CN2014072244W WO2015003497A1 WO 2015003497 A1 WO2015003497 A1 WO 2015003497A1 CN 2014072244 W CN2014072244 W CN 2014072244W WO 2015003497 A1 WO2015003497 A1 WO 2015003497A1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
- H02N1/04—Friction generators
Definitions
- the invention relates to a generator, and more particularly to a sliding friction generator for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, and a power generation method, and a vector displacement using the sliding friction generator sensor.
- a sliding friction electric generator is based on the mutual friction of two different triboelectric materials to generate surface charge transfer.
- all the reported sliding friction generators are based on the deposition of conductive metal on the surface of the triboelectric thin film material. The electrode layer, thereby achieving external output of electrical energy.
- the sliding friction generator of this structure is not only complicated in structure, but also causes an increase in the manufacturing cost of the device.
- the present invention provides a single-electrode sliding friction generator having a simple structure capable of converting mechanical energy of an external force into electric energy.
- the present invention provides a sliding friction generator, comprising: a friction layer, a lower surface of the friction layer contacts a first conductive layer; the first conductive layer is electrically connected to an equipotential;
- a second conductive layer disposed above the friction layer, a lower surface of the second conductive layer being disposed opposite to an upper surface of the friction layer;
- the upper surface material of the friction layer and the lower surface material of the second conductive layer have an electrode sequence difference.
- the first conductive layer is connected to a ground or an equipotential circuit through an external circuit that requires power supply.
- the first conductive layer is electrically connected to an equipotential by an external load.
- a lower surface of the second conductive layer is disposed in contact with an upper surface of the friction layer.
- the second conductive layer is not in contact with the friction layer when not subjected to an external force, and the lower surface of the second conductive layer is in contact with the upper surface of the friction layer under an external force.
- the upper surface material of the friction layer is an insulator.
- the insulator material is selected from the group consisting of polymeric materials.
- the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of polymethyl methacrylate, nylon, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, polyisobutylene, polyurethane elastic sponge, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl butyral, Polychloroprene, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, polybisphenol carbonate, polychloroether, polyvinylidene chloride, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyimide, polyvinyl chloride, poly Methyl siloxane, polytetrafluoroethylene.
- the friction layer has a thickness of 100 nm to 5 mm.
- the material of the lower surface of the second conductive layer is selected from the group consisting of metal, indium tin oxide or organic conductor.
- the metal is selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and an alloy formed of the above metal;
- the organic conductor is selected from the group consisting of polypyrrole, polyphenylene sulfide, and poly Phthalocyanine compounds, polyanilines and/or polythiophenes.
- the second conductive layer is a film material.
- the second conductive layer has a thickness of 10 nm to 5 mm.
- all or part of the lower surface of the second conductive layer and/or the upper surface of the friction layer are distributed with microstructures on the order of nanometer, micrometer or submicron, and the microstructures are nanowires, nanotubes, and nanometers. Particles, nanorods, nanoflowers, nanogrooves, microchannels, nanocones, microcones, nanospheres, and microspheres, as well as arrays formed from the foregoing structures, or embellishments or coatings of nanomaterials.
- the lower surface of the second conductive layer and/or the upper surface of the friction layer are chemically modified.
- the electrode sequence introduces a more electron-depleting functional group relative to the positive material surface, or a more electron-acceptable functional group on the surface of the material whose friction electrode sequence is relatively negative.
- a positive charge is introduced on the surface having a positive polarity
- a negative charge is introduced on the surface having a negative polarity
- the lower surface of the second conductive layer is a plane or a curved surface
- the upper surface of the friction layer is a flat surface or a curved surface.
- the lower surface of the second conductive layer and the upper surface of the friction layer are complementary surfaces.
- the upper surface of the friction layer is an uneven surface of the uneven structure
- the lower surface of the second conductive layer is an uneven surface of the uneven structure
- the second conductive layer and/or the friction layer is a flexible material or a hard material.
- the second conductive layer and/or the friction layer is an elastic material.
- the first substrate further includes a lower surface of the first conductive layer disposed on the first substrate; and/or a second substrate, an upper surface of the second conductive layer is disposed on the second base
- the friction layer is composed of a plurality of friction units, and an upper surface of the plurality of friction units forms an upper surface of the friction layer.
- the lower surface of the second conductive layer cannot simultaneously contact and rub against the upper surfaces of the adjacent two friction units.
- the friction unit has a shape of a strip or a square block.
- the plurality of friction units are arranged according to a preset pattern.
- the first conductive layer is composed of a plurality of first conductive units, and the plurality of first conductive units are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of friction units; each of the first conductive units is electrically connected to an equipotential .
- the second conductive layer is composed of a plurality of second conductive units, and a lower surface of the plurality of second conductive units forms a lower surface of the second conductive layer.
- the lower surfaces of the plurality of the second conductive units are in the same plane, and the upper surfaces of the plurality of the friction units are in the same plane.
- a lower surface of the plurality of the second conductive units, and a plurality of the friction units belongs to the same surface.
- the present invention also provides a vector displacement sensor including the generator, wherein a detecting device is connected between each of the conductive units and an equipotential, and the detecting device is configured to detect the electrical signal;
- a detecting device is connected between each of the conductive units and an equipotential, and the detecting device is configured to detect the electrical signal;
- the detecting device is a current or voltage detecting device, and the electrical signal is a current or voltage signal; or the detecting device is a light emitting component or a sound emitting component, and the light emitting component or the sound emitting component detects the electrical energy
- the signal outputs an optical signal or a sound signal.
- a voltage dividing resistor is further included between each of the electrode units and the equipotential, and the voltage dividing resistor is connected in parallel or in series with the detecting device.
- the generator comprises 16 friction units, and the 16 friction units are arranged in groups of four, forming a cross structure in four directions, and the four friction units in each group are arranged in parallel and equidistant.
- the 16 friction units are long strips of polytetrafluoroethylene film, the friction unit has a width of 10 mm, a length of 2.5 cm, and a distance between the friction units of 2 mm.
- the present invention also provides a power generation method, including:
- the second conductive layer is relatively slidably rubbed against the upper surface of the friction layer, and causes a change in the friction area, and a current flows through the load.
- the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
- a single-electrode-based sliding friction generator was fabricated, and only one friction layer material having a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer material (for example, a polymer and a metal material) were used, and the first conductive layer material was used. Electrically connected to the equipotential, it can be made into a generator. The externally outputting electric energy can be realized by the sliding friction of the friction layer material and the second conductive layer material.
- the sliding friction generator of the present invention is a single-electrode sliding friction generator having a simple structure. 2.
- the first conductive layer (or the first conductive unit) of the sliding friction generator of the present invention needs to be electrically connected to the equipotential, and the second conductive layer does not need to be connected as long as the second conductive layer and the friction layer are ensured.
- the friction between the first conductive layer (or the first conductive unit) and the equipotential can be supplied by the sliding friction between the two and the frictional area during the friction. Generators of this type can be widely used on moving objects to convert mutual friction during movement into electrical energy, such as the collection of mechanical energy generated by friction between automobile tires and the ground, or in the field of touch screens.
- Each part of the sliding friction generator of the present invention can be made of a flexible material or an elastic material, and thus can be used in combination with a flexible device.
- the present invention provides a vector displacement sensor using a sliding friction generator, which is a self-driving sensor, which uses a friction layer composed of a plurality of friction units, and the second conductive layer slides or moves on the friction unit.
- the detecting device connected between the first conductive unit and the equipotential corresponding to the friction unit can detect the electrical signal without providing power to the sensor, mainly relying on the friction unit and the second conductive triggered by the object during the moving process.
- the electrical signal generated by the sliding friction between the layers can track the moving direction, moving distance and moving speed of the moving object, and can position the position of the object.
- the vector displacement sensor of the present invention does not require an additional power supply, and can be applied to small devices such as touch screens, and is particularly suitable for use in environments where power supply replacement is not convenient.
- the sliding friction generator of the present invention, and the vector displacement sensor using the sliding friction generator, the friction layer or the friction unit is made of an insulating material, and the material has a wide selection range, and the environment-friendly material can be used for large-area laying. It is a wide range of energy harvesting devices.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a typical structure of a sliding friction generator of the present invention
- 2 is a schematic view showing the power generation principle of the sliding friction generator of the present invention
- 3 is a schematic structural view of a generator in which a lower surface of a first conductive layer is disposed on a first substrate, and an upper surface of the second conductive layer is disposed on a second substrate;
- FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a generator having an upper surface of the friction layer and a lower surface of the second conductive layer being a curved surface;
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a generator having an upper surface of the friction layer and a lower surface of the second conductive layer which is an uneven surface of the uneven structure;
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a power generation process of a generator in which a friction layer is composed of a plurality of friction units
- FIG. 7 is a power generation process of a generator in which a friction layer is composed of a plurality of friction units, and a first conductive layer is composed of a plurality of first conductive units;
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a generator structure in which a second conductive layer is composed of a plurality of second conductive units
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a lower surface of a plurality of second conductive units, and a generator structure in which upper surfaces of the plurality of friction units belong to the same curved surface ;
- FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of one embodiment of a vector displacement sensor.
- DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is apparent that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts are within the scope of the present invention.
- the existing sliding friction generator generates electricity by converting surface frictional transfer between two kinds of triboelectric materials to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.
- This structure not only complicates the structure of the generator, but also requires two electrode layers for output generation.
- the electrical energy limits the application of friction generators.
- the present invention provides a single-electrode sliding friction generator, which is characterized in that surface charge is generated by mutual friction between a conductive material and a triboelectric material having a difference in electrode order, and the electrode layer of the triboelectric material is electrically connected. To equipotential, power is supplied to the load or external circuit connected between the electrode layer and the equipotential.
- the “friction electrode sequence” as used in the present invention refers to the order of the materials according to their degree of attraction to the charge.
- the negative charge on the friction surface is compared with the polarity of the friction electrode sequence.
- the positive material surface is transferred to the surface of the material that is more polar in the friction electrode sequence.
- the polymer material Teflon is in contact with the aluminum foil of the metal material, the aluminum foil is positively charged, that is, the electron power is weak, and the polymer material Teflon is negatively charged, so that the electron power is strong.
- the surface of the polymer nylon is positively charged, that is, the electron power is weak, and the aluminum foil is negatively charged, that is, the electron power is strong.
- this charge transfer is related to the surface work function of the material, and charge transfer is achieved by the transfer of electrons or ions on the contact surface.
- the friction electrode sequence is only an empirically based statistical result, that is, the further the difference between the two materials in the sequence, the greater the positive and negative charge generated after the contact and the probability of the sequence being coincident, and Actual results are affected by a variety of factors, such as material surface roughness, ambient humidity, and relative friction.
- the "contact charge” as used in the present invention refers to the charge on the surface of a material having a difference in polarity between two kinds of friction electrode sequences after contact friction and separation, and it is generally considered that the charge is only distributed on the surface of the material. The maximum depth of distribution is only about 10 nanometers. It should be noted that the sign of the contact charge is a sign of the net charge, that is, there may be a concentrated region of negative charge in a local region of the surface of the material with a positive contact charge, but the sign of the net charge of the entire surface is positive.
- the typical structure of the sliding friction generator of the present embodiment is shown in FIG. 1.
- the generator includes: a friction layer 100, the lower surface of the friction layer 100 is in contact with the first conductive layer 200, and the first conductive layer 200 is electrically connected to the equipotential 400; a second conductive layer 300 disposed above the layer 100, the lower surface of the second conductive layer 300 is disposed opposite to the upper surface of the friction layer 100; when the upper surface of the friction layer 100 and the lower surface of the second conductive layer 300 are relatively slidably rubbed, While the frictional area changes during the sliding process, an electrical signal is output between the first conductive layer 200 and the equipotential 400.
- the first conductive layer 200 is an electrode layer provided on the lower surface of the friction layer, that is, an electrode of the generator of the present invention.
- the friction layer 100 and the second conductive layer 200 have a friction electrode sequence difference in the external force.
- the surfaces rubbing against each other and changing the area in contact with each other it is possible to supply power to the load or the external circuit 400 connected between the electrode layer 200 and the equipotential 300.
- the working principle of the generator of the present invention, the structure and material of each part of the generator are described in detail below by taking the structure of FIG. 1 as an example.
- the working principle of the generator of the present invention is different between the friction layer 100 and the second conductive layer 300, and there is a difference in electron abilities between the two, and the friction layer 100 has a strong electron capability.
- the second conductive layer 300 is more likely to lose electrons
- the upper surface of the friction layer 100 is negatively charged
- the second conductive layer 300 is positive. Charge.
- Figure 2 a diagram.
- the sliding friction generator of the present invention is different from the existing sliding friction generator It is only necessary to provide a first conductive layer (ie, an electrode layer) on the lower surface of the friction layer, and another friction material layer is selected from the conductive material (ie, the second conductive layer) and the first conductive layer and an equipotential layer ( Ground or equal potential) electrical connection, the load or the external circuit is connected between the first conductive layer and the equipotential, and the output of the electrical energy generated by the generator does not need to be performed between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, the present invention
- the generator not only simplifies the preparation process, but is also a widely used sliding friction generator that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
- the difference in the friction electrode sequence between the friction layer 100 and the second conductive layer 300 is the key to generating an electrical signal.
- the friction layer material is preferably an insulator material, and the second conductive layer.
- the lower surface or all of them are electrically conductive materials.
- the insulator materials as the friction layer a polymer insulating material is preferred.
- polymeric materials can be used in the friction layer 100 of the present invention and have increasingly stronger electron-accepting power in the order of alignment: polymethyl methacrylate, nylon, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, polyisobutylene, polyurethane Elastic sponge, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl butyral, polychloroprene, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, polybisphenol carbonate, polychloroether, polyvinylidene chloride, poly Styrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyimide, polyvinyl chloride, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polytetrafluoroethylene.
- PDMS polydimethylsiloxane
- the appropriate polymer material can be selected as the friction layer 100 according to the order listed above in combination with a simple comparison experiment to obtain an optimum electrical signal output performance.
- the second conductive layer 300 merely provides a friction surface that rubs against the friction layer 100 in the generator, and does not function as an electrode layer. Therefore, the second conductive layer 300 may be entirely made of a conductive material as a whole, or only a thin layer of the lower surface thereof may be a conductive material.
- a conductive film is prepared as the second conductive layer 300 on the surface of the insulator material.
- the second conductive layer 200 may be a flat plate, a sheet or a film, wherein the film thickness may be selected from the range of 10 nm to 5 mm, preferably 100 n ⁇ to 500 ⁇ m.
- the metal film layer can be printed by existing magnetron sputtering, evaporation and printing. And other technologies to make.
- the thickness of the friction layer 100 has no significant effect on the implementation of the present invention.
- the preferred friction layer of the present invention is a film having a thickness of 100 nm to 5 mm, preferably 1 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ , more preferably 10 ⁇ m to 800 ⁇ m, more preferably 20 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, which are all in the present invention.
- the technical solutions are applicable.
- the first conductive layer 200 disposed on the lower surface of the friction layer 100 is an electrode layer of the generator of the present invention. When the electric field formed by the surface charge of the friction layer 100 is unbalanced, the first conductive layer 200 can pass the load or an external circuit that needs to be powered. Electrons are transmitted with the equipotential 400 to balance the charge of the friction layer 100.
- the conductive material selected for the first electrode layer 200 or the second electrode layer 300 may be selected from metal, indium tin oxide or organic conductors, and commonly used metals include gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium. And an alloy formed of the above metal; the organic conductor is generally a conductive polymer, including self-polypyrrole, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphthalocyanine compound, polyaniline and/or polythiophene. Since the first electrode layer 200 is an electrode layer and needs to have good contact with the friction layer 100, the first electrode layer can be prepared on the lower surface of the friction layer by a conventional technique such as magnetron sputtering, evaporation, and printing. Of course, it is also possible to use a thicker first electrode layer 100, such as a Cu or Al foil, to prepare a friction layer material on the surface thereof to achieve good contact between the first electrode layer and the friction layer.
- a thicker first electrode layer 100 such as a Cu or Al
- the first substrate 600 may be disposed on the lower surface of the first electrode layer 200 to enhance the strength of the generator.
- the second substrate 700 may be provided on the upper surface of the second conductive layer 300 to enhance the mechanical strength of the second conductive layer 300.
- the combination of the first substrate and the first conductive layer, and the combination of the second substrate and the second conductive layer may be performed by a conventional method, such as pasting, or may be performed by using techniques such as magnetron sputtering, evaporation, and printing.
- a layer of conductive material is prepared on the surface of the substrate.
- the generator may also include a first substrate or a second substrate, and the conductive layer is disposed on the substrate to support the conductive layer or to conduct the first or second conductive
- the layers are isolated from other devices.
- the material selection of the first substrate 600 and the second substrate 700 is not particularly limited and may be a conductor, an insulator or a semiconductor such as an aluminum plate or a silicon wafer.
- the first substrate 600 and the second substrate 700 may be a flexible substrate or a rigid substrate such as a rubber or glass plate.
- the lower surface of the second conductive layer 300 is distributed in whole or in part with microstructures on the order of nanometer, micrometer or submicron to increase the effective contact area of the friction layer 100 and the second conductive layer 300, and improve the two Surface charge density.
- the microstructures are preferably nanowires, nanotubes, nanoparticles, nanorods, nanoflowers, nanochannels, microchannels, nanocones, microcones, nanospheres, and microspheres, and arrays formed from the foregoing structures
- a nano-array composed of nanowires, nanotubes or nanorods may be a linear, cubic, or quadrangular pyramid-shaped array prepared by photolithography, plasma etching, or the like, each of such units in the array.
- the size is on the order of nanometers to micrometers, and the unit size and shape of the specific micro-nanostructure should not limit the scope of the invention. It is also possible to obtain the microstructure of the surface by means of an embellishment or coating of the nanomaterial on the upper surface of the friction layer 100 and/or the lower surface of the second conductive layer 300.
- One method is to introduce a more electron-releasing functional group (ie, a strong electron donating group) on the surface of the material having a relatively positive frictional electrode sequence for the friction layer 100 and the second conductive layer 300 that rub each other, or to be relatively negative in the friction electrode sequence.
- the surface of the material is introduced into a more readily available electronic functional group (strong electron-withdrawing electron group), which can further increase the amount of transfer of charge when sliding each other, thereby increasing the frictional charge density and the output power of the generator.
- Strong electron donating groups include: amino group, hydroxyl group, oxime group, etc.; strong electron withdrawing group includes: acyl group, carboxyl group, nitro group, sulfonic acid group and the like.
- the introduction of the functional group can be carried out by a conventional method such as plasma surface modification. For example, a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen can be used to generate a plasma at a certain power to introduce an amino group on the surface of the friction layer material.
- Another method is to introduce a positive charge on the surface of the positive polarity material and a negative charge on the surface of the negative polarity material for the friction layer 100 and the second conductive layer 300 that rub against each other.
- it can be achieved by chemical bonding.
- ethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) can be modified on the surface of the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) friction layer by a sol-gel method to make it negatively charged.
- the first conductive layer 200 described in the present invention is electrically connected to the equipotential 400, which is a device capable of providing a large amount of electric charge, and the equipotential may be a ground or an equipotential circuit.
- the electrical connection may be such that the first conductive layer 200 is connected to the equipotential by an external circuit that is loaded or needs to be powered, and the second conductive layer and the friction layer rub against each other to balance the charge of the surface of the second conductive layer with the surface of the friction layer. Destroyed, the charge in the equipotential 400 can be transferred to the first conductive layer through the load or an external circuit, i.e., the electrical signal is applied to the load or an external circuit that requires power.
- the first conductive layer 200 may be directly electrically connected to the equipotential through a load; the first conductive layer 200 may also be electrically connected to the equipotential through an external circuit that requires power supply, or may be connected in parallel with the external circuit by using a load.
- a conductive layer 200 is between the equal potential 400.
- the external circuit may be a simple resistor or a relatively complicated circuit, and is not particularly limited as long as the equipotential is electrically connected to the electrode layer, and the resistance is not zero.
- the external circuit that needs to be powered may be an electric appliance such as a lighting device.
- the friction layer 100 or the second conductive layer 300 may be a flexible material or a hard material, because the hardness of the material does not affect the sliding friction between the two, and the friction surface needs to maintain a plane. It can also be achieved by the support of other components, such as the embodiment of adding a substrate in FIG. Therefore, those skilled in the art can select the material hardness of the friction layer 100 and the second conductive layer 300 according to actual conditions.
- a generator made of a flexible material has the advantage that a soft and light friction layer or a second conductive layer is deformed by a slight external force, and this deformation causes two friction material layers (friction layer 100 and second conductive layer). The relative displacement of layer 200), thereby outputting an electrical signal outward by sliding friction.
- a substrate made of ultra-thin, soft, elastic and/or transparent polymer material can be used as a substrate for packaging to facilitate use and increase strength. It will be apparent that all of the structures disclosed herein can be constructed from corresponding supersoft and resilient materials to form a flexible sliding friction generator.
- the first conductive layer 200 can also be made of a flexible material to make the entire hair The motor is a flexible device.
- the upper surface of the friction layer 100 and the lower surface of the second conductive layer 300 are disposed in contact with each other, and whether or not an external force is applied thereto, the two are always in surface contact, under the action of an external force,
- the friction layer 100 and the second conductive layer 300 undergo relative sliding friction that is tangent to the contact surface.
- the friction layer 100 and the second conductive layer 300 may be disposed in a non-contact manner when not subjected to an external force, as long as the upper surface of the friction layer 100 and the second conductive layer 300 are under external force.
- the lower surface can be contacted and a relative sliding friction tangential to the contact surface can occur, and the friction layer 100 and the second conductive layer 300 can be completely separated without an external force.
- Such a design can satisfy the case where space power generation is required, and the friction process can have both contact friction and sliding friction.
- Conventional components for controlling the distance in the art may be employed.
- an insulating spring or the like is respectively connected to the lower surface of the first conductive layer 200 and the upper surface of the second conductive layer 300, but it is necessary to pay attention to the use.
- the spring should not limit the relative sliding between the friction layer 100 and the second conductive layer 200.
- the generator of this design can be used in combination with other products, and the friction layer 100 and the second conductive layer 200 can be respectively connected to two mutually separated components of other products, and the intermittent contact (or proximity) of the two components is utilized. ) and relative sliding to drive the generator to work, thus achieving intermittent power generation.
- the upper surface of the friction layer 100 or the lower surface of the second conductive layer 300 may be a flat surface (see FIGS. 1 and 3) or a curved surface.
- the lower surface of the friction layer 100 of the curved structure or the upper surface of the electrode layer 200 can also achieve relative sliding friction.
- the lower surface of the friction layer and the upper surface of the conductive layer are both planar or curved to ensure the two Close contact.
- the friction layer 110 has an arc shape as a whole.
- the upper surface of the friction layer 110 is curved
- the second conductive layer 310 has an arc shape as a whole.
- the lower surface of the second conductive layer 310 is an arc.
- the first conductive layer 210 disposed on the lower surface of the friction layer 110 is connected to the ground through the load or the external circuit 510. Under the action of the external force F, the upper surface of the friction layer 110 and the lower surface of the second conductive layer 310 are brought into contact with each other. When the surface is tangent to the relative sliding friction, and When the friction area is changed, a current flowing through the load 510 connected between the first conductive layer 210 and the ground flows.
- the upper surface of the friction layer 110 and the lower surface of the second conductive layer 310 are curved surfaces having complementary shapes, for example, curved surfaces having the same curvature, to ensure the maximum contact area between the second conductive layer 310 and the friction layer 110, and the external force F Under the action, when the upper surface of the friction layer 110 and the lower surface of the second conductive layer 310 are slidable relative to the contact surface, a higher output current can be generated.
- both the upper surface of the friction layer and the lower surface of the second conductive layer are smooth and flat surfaces, and such a structure requires a relatively large sliding space between the friction layer and the second conductive layer, and When the difference between the size of the friction layer and the second conductive layer is large, the requirement of the change of the contact area during the friction between the friction layer and the second conductive layer cannot be satisfied. Therefore, in the generator of the present invention, the upper surface of the friction layer and the lower surface of the second conductive layer may be prepared as an uneven surface, and the lower surface of the friction layer and the upper surface of the electrode layer are incomplete when the friction layer and the electrode layer slide each other. Contact, referring to FIG.
- the upper surface of the friction layer 120 is an uneven surface of the uneven structure
- the lower surface of the second conductive layer 320 is an uneven surface of the uneven structure
- the first conductive layer 220 disposed on the lower surface of the friction layer 120 is loaded.
- 520 is connected to the equipotential 420.
- the upper surface of the friction layer or the lower surface of the second conductive layer is small, and the uneven surface is prepared on the upper surface of the friction layer and the lower surface of the second conductive layer, under external force.
- the change in the friction area can be satisfied, so that the mechanical energy of the external force can be converted into electric energy.
- the upper surface of the friction layer is equal in size to the lower surface of the second conductive layer to ensure that the contact area can be maximized during the mutual sliding process. More preferably, the upper surface of the friction layer and the lower surface area and shape of the second conductive layer are identical.
- the friction layer may be composed of a plurality of friction units, the upper surfaces of the plurality of friction units collectively forming an upper surface of the friction layer; and the upper surface of the friction unit and the second conductive layer
- the lower surface is relatively slid while the frictional area changes during the sliding process, and an electrical signal is output between the first conductive layer and the equipotential.
- the lower surface of all the friction units is disposed on the first conductive layer.
- the friction layer is rubbed
- the units 131, 132, 133 and 134 are constituted, the upper surfaces of the friction units 131, 232, 333 and 434 collectively constituting the upper surface of the electrode layer, and the lower surfaces of the friction units 131, 232, 333 and 434 are disposed on the first conductive layer 230
- the first conductive layer 230 is connected to the ground through the resistor 530.
- the size of the second conductive layer 330 may be smaller than the size of the friction unit or larger than the size of the friction unit.
- the lower surface of the second conductive layer cannot be adjacent to the same.
- the upper surfaces of the two friction units are in contact with and rubbed.
- the working process of the generator is described by taking the size of the second conductive layer 330 and the size of the friction unit as an example.
- the lower surface of the second conductive layer 330 and the friction unit 131 The upper surface (i.e., the upper surface of the friction layer) contacts and can slide relative to each other without being in contact with the friction units 132, 133, and 134. Since the friction cell material and the second conductive layer material have electrode sequence differences, the lower surface of the second conductive layer 330 has a positive charge, and the upper surface of the friction unit 131 has a negative charge, as shown in FIG.
- the electrons flow from the first conductive layer 230 to the ground, as shown in the figure. 6 shows a current flowing through the resistor 530 connected between the first conductive layer 230 and the ground. If the detecting device is connected between the first conductive layer and the ground, the pulse electrical signal can be detected until the second When the conductive layer 330 is completely separated from the friction unit 131 and continues to slide, no current flows through the resistor 530, see FIG. 6 c.
- the second conductive layer 330 continues to slide to the right side with respect to the friction unit 131, and when the lower surface of the second conductive layer 330 is in contact with the upper surface of the friction unit 132 and the contact area with the upper surface of the friction unit 132 is the largest, in the second The lower surface of the conductive layer 330 has a positive charge, and the upper surface of the friction unit 132 is negatively charged, see FIG.
- the second conductive layer 330 continues to slide to the right side with respect to the friction unit 132, and after the contact area of the second conductive layer 330 and the friction unit 132 is changed, the electrons flow from the first conductive layer 230 to the ground, as shown in FIG. 6.
- the generator of such a structure can be applied to a case where a second conductive layer is provided on an object fixed and moved by the friction layer to generate electricity.
- a plurality of friction units are disposed on the road surface, and the lower surfaces of all the friction units are disposed on the first conductive layer, the first conductive layer is connected to the equipotential by a load or the like, and the second conductive layer is disposed on the vehicle, and is driven by the vehicle.
- Second guide in the process The electrical layer can be slidably rubbed against the friction unit to provide an electrical signal for the load or the like.
- the generator of the present embodiment can also be applied to touch screen technology for touch positioning and motion detection.
- the shape of the friction unit may be any shape, and it is preferable that the plurality of friction units have the same shape and size, for example, all of a strip shape or a square block shape.
- the plurality of friction units may be arranged in any manner, preferably in a predetermined pattern, and the preset patterns may be actually required patterns such as a square, a rectangle, a ring, a cross or the like. For example, they are arranged in four directions along the cross. In other embodiments, preferably, the lower surface of the friction layer cannot simultaneously contact and rub against the upper surfaces of the adjacent two sub-electrodes.
- the first conductive layer may also be composed of a plurality of first conductive units, and the plurality of first conductive units are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of friction units, that is, the lower surfaces of each of the friction units are Contacting a first conductive unit; each of the first conductive units is electrically connected to an equipotential.
- the first conductive layer is composed of first conductive units 231, 232, 233, and 234, and corresponds to the friction units 131, 132, 133, and 134, which respectively constitute the friction layer, and each of the first conductive units passes through the resistor 530. Connect to the ground. Output terminals A1, A2, A3 and A4 may also be drawn between each of the first conductive elements and the resistors for connecting the detecting means to detect whether there is an electrical signal between the respective first conductive elements and the ground.
- the lower surface of the second conductive layer 330 is in contact with the upper surface of the friction unit 131 and is relatively slidable, and is not in contact with the friction units 132, 133, and 134.
- the lower surface of the second conductive layer 330 has a positive charge
- the upper surface of the friction unit 131 has a negative charge, as shown in FIG.
- the second conductive layer 330 slides to the right relative to the friction unit 131 by the external force F and changes the contact area of the second conductive layer 330 with the friction unit 131
- electrons flow from the first conductive unit 231 to the ground, as shown in the figure. 7 shows a current flowing through the resistor 530 connected between the first conductive unit 231 and the ground, and the output terminal A1 connected between the first conductive unit 231 and the ground is connected to the detecting device to detect the pulsed electric current.
- the signal until the second conductive layer 330 is completely slid away from the friction unit 131, no current flows through the resistor 530, see FIG. 7 c.
- the second conductive layer 330 continues to slide to the right with respect to the friction unit 131, when the lower surface of the second conductive layer 330 is in contact with the upper surface of the friction unit 132 and the second conductive layer is in the sliding process.
- the lower surface of 330 has a positive charge
- the upper surface of the friction unit 132 is negatively charged until the lower surface of the second conductive layer 330 has the largest contact area with the upper surface of the friction unit 132 due to the positive charge on the lower surface of the second conductive layer 330.
- the negative charges on the upper surface of the friction unit 132 are balanced with each other, so that there is no charge flow between the first conductive unit 232 disposed on the lower surface of the friction unit 132 and the ground, see FIG.
- the second conductive layer 330 continues to slide to the right side with respect to the friction unit 132 and changes the contact area of the second conductive layer 330 with the friction unit 132, a positive charge is generated on the first conductive unit 232 due to electrostatic induction, so that the connection is A current flows through the resistor 530 between the first conductive unit 232 and the ground, and the flow direction of the current flows from the first conductive unit 232 to the ground, similar to the diagram of b in FIG.
- the substrate 630 may be a semiconductor or an insulator, preferably an insulator such as an insulating substrate such as plexiglass.
- the generator of such a structure can be applied to a case where a second conductive layer is provided on an object fixed and moved by the friction layer to generate electricity.
- a plurality of friction units and a first conductive unit disposed on a lower surface of the friction unit are disposed on the road surface, each of the first conductive units is connected to an equipotential by a load or the like, and the second conductive layer is disposed on the vehicle, during the running of the vehicle
- the two conductive layers may be slidably rubbed against the friction unit to provide an electrical signal for the load or the like.
- the generator of the present embodiment can also be applied to touch screen technology for touch positioning and motion detection.
- the shape of the friction unit may be any shape, and it is preferable that the plurality of friction units have the same shape and size, for example, all of a strip shape or a square strip shape.
- the plurality of friction units may be arranged in any manner, preferably in a predetermined pattern, and the preset patterns may be actually required patterns such as a square, a rectangle, a ring, a cross or the like. For example, they are arranged in four directions along the cross. In other embodiments, preferably, the lower surface of the second conductive layer cannot simultaneously contact and rub against the upper surfaces of the adjacent two friction units.
- the second conductive layer may be composed of a plurality of second conductive units, and the lower surfaces of the plurality of second conductive units form a lower surface of the second conductive layer, and the upper surface of the friction unit
- the lower surface of the two conductive units is disposed in contact with each other and can be relatively slid.
- the first conductive layer can be integral, and the contact is disposed on the lower surface of the plurality of friction units.
- the first conductive layer can also adopt a plurality of first conductive units, and the plurality of A one-to-one contact of the conductive unit and the friction unit is disposed on a lower surface of each of the friction units, and the first conductive layer or each of the first conductive units is connected to the ground through a resistor, and the working principle is similar to that in FIG. 6 or FIG. No longer detailed here Description. Referring to FIG.
- the friction layer is composed of a plurality of friction units 131, 132, 133 and 134, and a plurality of friction units are disposed on the first conductive layer 230, and upper surfaces of the plurality of friction units form an upper surface of the friction layer;
- the layer is composed of a plurality of second conductive units 331, 332, 333 and 334, a lower surface of the plurality of second conductive units forms a lower surface of the second conductive layer, and an upper surface of the plurality of second conductive units is disposed on the second substrate 730
- the second substrate 730 is configured to support the plurality of second conductive units such that the lower surface of the second conductive layer is in contact with the upper surface of the friction layer and is relatively slidable.
- the generator of such a structure is formed with a generator set formed by a plurality of generator units, and when the second substrate 730 drives the plurality of second conductive units to slide relative to the plurality of friction units, the first conductive layer 230 is connected between the ground and the ground. A current flows through the resistor 530.
- the distance between the plurality of second conductive units and the plurality of friction units it is possible to cause relative friction friction between the friction unit and the second conductive unit as much as possible and the contact area is maximized.
- the second surface may be
- the two substrates 730 and the first conductive layer 230 are designed as other structures such that the lower surfaces of the plurality of second conductive units are located on the curved surface (for example, a cylindrical surface, a prism surface, etc.) while the upper surfaces of the plurality of friction units are on the same curved surface. That is, the lower surface of the plurality of second conductive units and the upper surfaces of the plurality of friction units all belong to the same curved surface.
- the second substrate 730 is a cylinder and a plurality of second conductive layers.
- the cells 331, 332, 333 and 334 are evenly distributed on the cylindrical surface of the second substrate 730, and the lower surfaces of the plurality of second conductive units (ie, the surface away from the second substrate 730) are also located on the same cylindrical surface;
- the conductive layer 230 has a cylindrical structure, and the lower surfaces of the plurality of friction units 131, 132, 133, and 134 are disposed on the inner surface of the cylindrical first conductive layer 230, and the upper surfaces of the plurality of friction units are also located at the same time.
- the lower surface of the second conductive unit is on the cylindrical surface; the first conductive layer 230 is electrically connected to the ground through the resistor 530.
- the lower surface of the plurality of second conductive units and the upper surface of the plurality of friction units are all in the same cylindrical surface, and the first conductive layer 230 drives the plurality of friction units and the second substrate 730 to drive more
- the second conductive unit undergoes sliding friction in the direction of the arrow and the friction area changes, an alternating current flows through the resistor 530. If the output is pulled out at both ends of the resistor and the load is connected, it can be negative. Power supply.
- the generator composed of a plurality of friction units can convert the mechanical energy of the external force into electrical energy, and can also be applied to the detection of the sliding position or the sliding distance of the moving object.
- the friction composed of a plurality of friction units is used.
- the layer is set as a stationary (or relatively stationary) surface
- the second conductive layer is a moving object
- the lower surface of each friction unit is respectively placed in contact with a first conductive unit
- each of the first conductive units is connected to the ground through a test device.
- the sliding of the moving object on the surface of the friction layer generates relative friction between the friction unit and the second conductive layer, and when the contact area changes, the corresponding test device connected to the first conductive unit can detect the electrical signal, thereby Determine the position of the moving object.
- the moving direction of the moving object can also be determined.
- an output terminal (Al, A2, A3 and A4) is drawn between each of the first conductive units and the resistor 530.
- the moving object 330 ie, the second conductive layer
- the preferred moving object 330 can only be in contact with one friction unit, and the output end A1 is not detected when the moving object 330 is in contact with the friction unit 131 and does not slide relative to each other.
- the electric signal shown as a in FIG. 7
- the moving object 330 slides to the right side with respect to the friction unit and changes the contact area
- the output end A1 detects an electric signal (shown in FIG.
- the output terminal A1 does not detect an electrical signal when the moving object completely leaves the friction unit 131.
- the moving object 330 continues to slide to the right side, and when the contact area with the friction unit 132 is the largest and the contact area changes, an electrical signal can be detected at the output terminal A2 until the contact area of the moving object with the friction unit 132 does not change.
- the sliding position, the sliding direction, and the sliding distance of the moving object can be determined based on the position of the friction unit corresponding to the detection signal of the detecting device connected to the output terminals A1 and A2. Therefore, the sliding friction generator of the present invention can accurately position the moving direction and the displacement distance of the object, and is a vector displacement sensor that detects the moving object.
- a displacement sensor converts a mechanical displacement into a linear or arbitrary function of a resistance or voltage output through a potentiometer element.
- the vector displacement sensor is developed on the basis of the displacement sensor. It can be used not only to determine the direction in which the object moves, but also to determine the position at which the object moves.
- the existing vector displacement sensors are mainly based on resistance change type and magnetostrictive type sensors to achieve accurate positioning of displacement. External power supply is essential for the normal operation of these sensors, relying on vector displacement of external energy supply. Sensors are not only difficult to maintain when used in harsh conditions, but are also difficult to use in future energy crises.
- the vector displacement sensor of the generator of the invention is a self-driving displacement sensor without external power supply, and has the advantages of simple structure, low preparation cost, and fundamentally solving the dependence of the displacement sensor on the external power source, and can work stably for a long time. .
- the present invention provides a vector displacement sensor including the above-mentioned sliding friction generator in which the friction layer is composed of a plurality of friction units and the first conductive layer is composed of a plurality of first conductive units.
- a lower surface of each of the friction units is in contact with one of the first conductive units, and a detecting device is connected between each of the first conductive units and an equipotential, and the detecting device is configured to detect the electricity a signal; when a sliding friction occurs between the upper surface of the friction layer and the lower surface of the second conductive layer and the friction area is changed, the position of the second conductive layer can be determined according to the position of the detecting device that detects the electrical signal Or determining the sliding distance, the sliding direction or the sliding speed of the second conductive layer according to the position of the detecting device that sequentially detects the electrical signal.
- the plurality of friction units and their corresponding first conductive units may be arranged on the surface of the substrate to fix the plurality of friction units.
- a detecting device is respectively connected between each of the first conductive units and the equipotential.
- the detecting device can record and generate The position of the friction unit of the current signal, correspondingly, determines the position of the friction unit that produces sliding friction with the second conductive layer, and thus the position of the second conductive layer can be determined.
- the second conductive layer is slidably rubbed with the two friction units, two detecting devices successively detect the electrical signals, and the second conductive can be determined according to the position, distance and time of the detecting device that sequentially detects the electrical signals.
- the moving distance, the moving direction and the moving speed of the layer realize the displacement sensing of the moving object (the second conductive layer).
- the plurality of detecting means may form a detecting system in which the positional correspondence of each of the detecting means and the friction unit may be set in advance.
- the detecting means may be a current or voltage detecting means for outputting a current or voltage signal when there is a current between the first conductive unit and the equipotential.
- the detecting device may also be a light-emitting component or a sound-emitting component that can generate sound, light, or the like after being energized, such as a buzzer or an LED lamp, when the light-emitting component Or the sounding element can output an optical signal or a sound signal when receiving the electrical signal.
- the vector displacement sensor of the present invention can also be connected to a computer processing system.
- the computer system records the corresponding positional relationship between each detecting device and the plurality of friction units, and the time when each detecting device detects the electrical signal, and can be conveniently based on the recorded information. Calculate the sliding distance, sliding direction or sliding speed of the friction layer.
- the vector displacement sensor of the present invention it is also possible to include a voltage dividing resistor between each of the first conductive units and the equipotential, and the voltage dividing resistor can adjust the current or voltage between the first conductive unit and the equipotential.
- the voltage dividing resistor can be connected in parallel or in series with the detecting device.
- each of the first conductive units may be connected to the same equipotential (for example, ground) through a voltage dividing resistor, and a detecting device is connected between each of the first conductive units and the voltage dividing resistor; when disposed on the moving object When the lower surface of the second conductive layer is slidingly rubbed against the upper surface of the friction unit and the friction area is changed, since the detecting device, the first conductive unit and the friction unit are in one-to-one correspondence, the detecting device according to the detected detection signal Ability to sense the position of moving objects.
- the present invention also provides a power generation method, including the steps:
- the second conductive layer is relatively slidably rubbed against the upper surface of the friction layer, and causes a change in the friction area, and a current flows through the load.
- the material of the friction layer and the material of the second conductive layer have a friction electrode sequence difference.
- the materials and structures of the friction layer, the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer involved may be the same materials and structures as the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer of the friction layer in the generator mentioned in the present invention, here Not repeating.
- Example 2 Preparation of a Vector Displacement Sensor Based on Sliding Friction Generator
- a plexiglass 10 cm long and 10 cm thick and 1.59 mm thick was used as a substrate material for a sensor using a generator.
- 16 aluminum electrode strips were fabricated as the first conductive unit on the surface of the substrate, and the first conductive unit had a width of 10 mm and a length of 3 cm.
- the distance between the first conductive units is 2 mm, and the 16 first conductive units are arranged in groups of four, forming a cross structure in four directions, and the four first conductive units in each group are arranged in parallel and equidistantly.
- a PTFE film is adhered to each of the first conductive units by using a conductive adhesive as a friction unit.
- the width of the friction unit is 10 mm, the length is 2.5 cm, the thickness is 200 ⁇ m, and the distance between adjacent friction units is 2. Mm, 16 friction units are also grouped in groups of four, forming a cross structure in four directions, and four friction units in each group are arranged in parallel and equidistant.
- Each of the first conductive units is connected by a copper wire, and is connected to a voltage dividing resistor R. The other end of the voltage dividing resistor is grounded, and an output terminal 01 is drawn between each of the first conductive units and the voltage dividing resistor. 16, the specific connection circuit is shown in Figure 11, the output is used to collect electrical signals.
- the 16 output terminals are respectively connected to the detecting device, and real-time acquisition of the output signals of the 16 first conductive units is realized by the detecting device.
- An aluminum piece having a length of 2 cmX and a width of 2 cmX and a thickness of 1 mm was cut as a second conductive layer and placed in a middle blank in which a plurality of electrode strips were patterned. When the second conductive layer slides in any direction, it will slide frictionally with the Teflon friction unit and change the contact area, thereby outputting an electric signal to the outside of the output.
- the above embodiment shows that the positioning of the moving direction and position of the object can be achieved by collecting the signals at the output.
- the vector displacement sensor directly utilizes a single-electrode sliding friction generator as a triggering sensor, which does not require external power supply, can effectively save energy, and can work stably for a long time.
- the vector displacement sensor provided by the present invention can be as needed
- the plurality of friction units are set to any shape, and can be set in a large area, and can be conveniently applied in an environment where power is not convenient to use in the field.
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EP14823154.1A EP3021476B1 (en) | 2013-07-11 | 2014-02-19 | Sliding-friction power generator, power generation method and vector displacement sensor |
KR1020167003465A KR101821585B1 (ko) | 2013-07-11 | 2014-02-19 | 슬라이드 마찰식 발전기, 발전 방법 및 벡터 변위 센서 |
JP2016524658A JP6356791B2 (ja) | 2013-07-11 | 2014-02-19 | スライド摩擦式発電機、発電方法及びベクトル変位センサ |
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CN104283453B (zh) | 2017-02-15 |
EP3021476B1 (en) | 2019-12-11 |
CN104283453A (zh) | 2015-01-14 |
JP2016526870A (ja) | 2016-09-05 |
KR20160053913A (ko) | 2016-05-13 |
JP6356791B2 (ja) | 2018-07-11 |
EP3021476A1 (en) | 2016-05-18 |
EP3021476A4 (en) | 2017-03-01 |
KR101821585B1 (ko) | 2018-01-24 |
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