WO2015001940A1 - 冷熱回収機能付きガス気化装置及び冷熱回収装置 - Google Patents
冷熱回収機能付きガス気化装置及び冷熱回収装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015001940A1 WO2015001940A1 PCT/JP2014/065647 JP2014065647W WO2015001940A1 WO 2015001940 A1 WO2015001940 A1 WO 2015001940A1 JP 2014065647 W JP2014065647 W JP 2014065647W WO 2015001940 A1 WO2015001940 A1 WO 2015001940A1
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- Prior art keywords
- intermediate medium
- refrigerant
- temperature
- evaporator
- heat
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
- F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
- F17C9/04—Recovery of thermal energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2225/0107—Single phase
- F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
- F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
- F17C2227/0323—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid in a closed loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
- F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
- F17C2227/0393—Localisation of heat exchange separate using a vaporiser
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/05—Regasification
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a gas vaporizer with a cold energy recovery function and a cold energy recovery device.
- an intermediate medium type gas vaporizer that vaporizes a low-temperature liquefied gas such as liquefied natural gas (LNG) using an intermediate medium.
- LNG liquefied natural gas
- an intermediate medium evaporator that evaporates the intermediate medium by exchanging heat between the heat source medium and the intermediate medium, and a low temperature liquefaction that vaporizes a low-temperature liquefied gas by the intermediate medium evaporated by the intermediate medium evaporator And a gas evaporator.
- Low temperature gas such as natural gas (NG) vaporized by the low temperature liquefied gas evaporator is supplied to the demand side.
- the intermediate-medium gas vaporizer disclosed in Patent Document 4 also functions as a cooler that uses the cold energy of LNG.
- the gas vaporizer is provided with a vaporization facility 81 in which an intermediate medium evaporator and a low-temperature liquefied gas evaporator are arranged in the same casing.
- a circulation circuit 84 in which the heat source medium circulates between the intermediate medium evaporator in the vaporization facility 81 and the use side heat exchanger 83 provided in the freezer 82 is formed.
- the heat source medium cooled by the intermediate medium evaporator of the vaporization equipment 81 circulates through the circulation circuit 84 and supplies cold heat to the use side heat exchanger 83.
- this gas vaporizer is provided with a backup evaporator 86. That is, in the low-temperature liquefied gas evaporator in the vaporization facility 81, it is not possible to secure an amount of natural gas corresponding to the demand amount from the demand side only by vaporizing natural gas according to the refrigeration load by the use side heat exchanger 83. There is a case. Therefore, a bypass 87 that bypasses the vaporization facility 81 is provided, and a backup evaporator 86 that evaporates the liquefied natural gas is provided in the bypass 87.
- the backup evaporator 86 since the backup evaporator 86 is provided, even if the LNG vaporization load exceeds the refrigeration load, an amount of natural gas corresponding to the NG demand is obtained. Gas can be generated and supplied to the demand side.
- the backup evaporator 86 needs to have a structure that can withstand extremely low temperatures, and is very expensive and large. For this reason, the intermediate-medium gas vaporizer disclosed in Patent Document 4 has a problem that it is expensive and large.
- the intermediate medium type gas vaporizer since the intermediate medium receives the cold heat of the low temperature liquefied gas, the recovery of the cold received by the intermediate medium from the low temperature liquefied gas improves the efficiency of the intermediate medium gas vaporizer. Is important above.
- JP-A-53-5207 Japanese Patent No. 3946398 JP 2000-227200 A JP 2011-179534 A
- An object of the present invention is to enable the intermediate medium to recover the cold received from the low-temperature liquefied gas while suppressing an increase in apparatus cost.
- a gas vaporizer with a cold recovery function includes an intermediate medium evaporator that evaporates at least a part of the intermediate medium by heat exchange between a heat source medium and the intermediate medium, and an intermediate vaporized by the intermediate medium evaporator.
- a low-temperature liquefied gas evaporator that vaporizes a low-temperature liquefied gas by a medium, and an intermediate medium liquefied by the low-temperature liquefied gas evaporator is taken out to the outside, and the intermediate medium is returned to the intermediate medium evaporator or the low-temperature liquefied gas evaporator.
- An intermediate medium flow path a refrigerant circulation circuit in which the refrigerant circulates, a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the intermediate medium flowing in the intermediate medium flow path and the refrigerant circulated in the refrigerant circulation circuit, and required cold heat Adjusting means for adjusting the amount of cold supplied from the intermediate medium to the refrigerant in the refrigerant circulation circuit according to the load.
- a cold heat recovery apparatus includes an intermediate medium evaporator that evaporates at least a part of the intermediate medium by heat exchange between the heat source medium and the intermediate medium, and an intermediate medium evaporated by the intermediate medium evaporator.
- a low-temperature liquefied gas evaporator that vaporizes a low-temperature liquefied gas
- a cold-heat recovery device that is used by being connected to an intermediate-medium gas vaporizer, one end of which can be connected to the low-temperature liquefied gas evaporator
- An intermediate medium flow path configured to be connectable to the intermediate medium evaporator at the other end, a refrigerant circulation circuit for circulating a refrigerant supplying cold to the use side, and the intermediate medium flow path
- a heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the intermediate medium and the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circulation circuit, and an adjustment that adjusts the amount of cold supplied from the intermediate medium to the refrigerant according to the cooling load required on the user side Mean
- a gas vaporizer with a cold recovery function (hereinafter simply referred to as a cold recovery gas vaporizer) 10 according to the present embodiment is an intermediate medium gas vaporizer (hereinafter simply vaporized) that generates a low-temperature gas. 12) and a cold energy recovery device 14 for recovering cold energy from the vaporizer 12.
- the vaporizer 12 is an apparatus for obtaining natural gas by vaporizing liquefied natural gas (LNG), which is a low-temperature liquefied gas.
- LNG liquefied natural gas
- the vaporizer 12 is not limited to a device that vaporizes LNG, and can be applied as a device that vaporizes a low-temperature liquefied gas such as ethylene, liquefied oxygen, or liquefied nitrogen.
- the vaporizer 12 is an intermediate medium type gas vaporizer 12.
- the vaporizer 12 includes an evaporator E1 and a vaporizer E2.
- the evaporator E1 is an intermediate medium evaporator that exchanges heat between the liquid intermediate medium 4 and the heat source medium to evaporate at least a part of the intermediate medium 4.
- the vaporizer E2 is a low-temperature liquefied gas vaporizer that exchanges heat between the liquefied natural gas and the gaseous intermediate medium 4 to vaporize the liquefied natural gas.
- propane is used as the intermediate medium 4.
- the intermediate medium 4 is not limited to propane.
- the intermediate medium 4 evaporates at room temperature such as propylene and alternative chlorofluorocarbon and does not solidify at a normal temperature (low temperature) (medium having a boiling point lower than the atmospheric temperature)
- a medium other than propane is used. It is also possible to do.
- seawater is used as the heat source medium, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- steam, hot water, or the like may be used as the heat source medium.
- the casing 18 of the evaporator E1 and the vaporizer E2 is constituted by a common casing 18. That is, a casing 18 having a hollow inside is provided, and a lower portion in the casing 18 is configured as an evaporator E1. Moreover, the upper part of the evaporator E1 in the casing 18 is configured as a vaporizer E2.
- the evaporator E1 has a heat transfer tube 19 arranged at a position immersed in the liquid intermediate medium 4 stored in the casing 18. One end (inflow end) of the heat transfer tube 19 is connected to an intake pipe 20 for taking in the heat source medium.
- the intake pipe 20 is provided with a heat source pump 21.
- the heat source pump 21 is a pump that is driven at a constant rotational speed and discharges a fixed amount of the heat source medium.
- the heat source pump 21 may be configured by a pump whose rotational speed can be controlled by an inverter.
- a discharge pipe 22 for discharging the heat source medium is connected to the other end (outflow end) of the heat transfer pipe 19.
- the heat source medium cooled by the intermediate medium 4 in the heat transfer tube 19 is discharged through the discharge tube 22. That is, in the vaporizer 12, the heat source medium system 23 through which the heat source medium flows is formed by the intake pipe 20, the heat transfer pipe 19 and the exhaust pipe 22 of the evaporator E1.
- the vaporizer E2 has a heat transfer tube 25 arranged above the heat transfer tube 19 of the evaporator E1.
- the liquefied natural gas in the heat transfer tube 25 is evaporated using the latent heat of condensation of the gaseous intermediate medium 4 in the casing 18 as a heat source.
- One end (inlet side end) of the heat transfer tube 25 is connected to an introduction pipe 28 for introducing liquefied natural gas.
- a flow rate adjustment valve 29 is provided in the introduction pipe 28.
- the flow rate adjusting valve 29 is controlled by the valve control unit 30 and adjusts the valve opening according to a signal from the valve control unit 30.
- the valve control unit 30 outputs a signal corresponding to the detection result detected by the flow rate detector 30a.
- the liquefied natural gas whose flow rate is adjusted by the flow rate adjusting valve 29 is introduced into the vaporizer E2.
- the other end (outlet end) of the heat transfer tube 25 is connected to the supply pipe 32.
- the natural gas evaporated in the heat transfer tube 25 is supplied to the demand side through the supply pipe 32. That is, in the vaporizer 12, a gas system 35 through which liquefied natural gas or natural gas flows is formed by the introduction pipe 28, the heat transfer pipe 25 of the vaporizer E2, and the supply pipe 32.
- a heater E3 is provided in the supply pipe 32.
- the natural gas in the supply pipe 32 is heated by the heat source medium flowing through the discharge pipe 22.
- the heater E3 can be omitted depending on the outlet gas temperature.
- the warmer E3 may be provided so as to heat the natural gas in the supply pipe 32 by a heat source medium flowing through the intake pipe 20.
- the casing 18 is provided with a pressure detection unit 38a as a state detection means and a state controller 38.
- the pressure detector 38a detects the pressure in the casing 18 (in the evaporator E1 and the vaporizer E2).
- the state controller 38 receives a signal corresponding to the detection value from the pressure detection unit 38a.
- the state controller 38 outputs a signal corresponding to the value detected by the pressure detector 38a.
- the state controller 38 is connected to a flow rate adjusting valve 39 provided in the discharge pipe 22 so as to be able to exchange electric signals.
- the flow rate adjustment valve 39 adjusts the valve opening degree so that the pressure in the casing 18 (in the evaporator E1 or in the vaporizer E2) is maintained within a predetermined range in accordance with the signal sent from the state controller 38. To do. That is, by adjusting the valve opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 39, the flow rate of the heat source medium flowing through the heat source medium system 23 changes. For this reason, when the pressure in the casing 18 changes, the pressure in the casing 18 (in the evaporator E1 or the vaporizer E2) is maintained at a substantially constant pressure by adjusting the valve opening. I have to.
- the state controller 38 and the flow rate adjustment valve 39 function as a heat source medium flow rate adjustment unit that adjusts the flow rate of the heat source medium according to the detection value of the pressure detection unit 38a.
- a temperature detection unit (not shown) that detects the temperature in the casing 18 (in the evaporator E1 or the vaporizer E2) may be provided.
- the temperature detection unit outputs a signal corresponding to the detected temperature.
- the flow rate adjustment valve 39 is opened so that the temperature in the casing 18 (in the evaporator E1 or in the vaporizer E2) is maintained within a predetermined range in accordance with a signal sent from the state controller 38. Adjust the degree.
- the state controller 38 may be connected to the heat source pump 21 so as to be able to exchange electric signals.
- the flow rate of the heat source medium can be adjusted by the valve opening degree of the flow rate adjusting valve 39 and the rotation speed of the heat source pump 21.
- the flow rate adjustment valve 39 and the heat source pump 21 function as a heat medium flow rate adjustment unit.
- the flow rate of the heat source medium may be adjusted only by the rotation speed of the heat source pump 21.
- the heat source pump 21 functions as a heat medium flow rate adjustment unit.
- the cold heat recovery device 14 is a device for recovering cold heat from the vaporizer 12.
- the cold heat recovery device 14 includes an intermediate medium flow path 40 configured to be connectable to the vaporizer 12, a refrigerant circulation circuit 42 in which a refrigerant is sealed, a heat exchanger 44 that exchanges heat between the intermediate medium and the refrigerant, Adjusting means 46 for adjusting the supply amount.
- the intermediate medium flow path 40 is configured to be connectable to the casing 18. That is, the casing 18 of the vaporizer 12 is formed with a first connection portion 18a and a second connection portion 18b that can connect both ends of the intermediate medium flow path 40 through which the intermediate medium 4 flows.
- the 1st connection part 18a is provided in the site
- the 2nd connection part 18b is located above the 1st connection part 18a, and the 2nd connection part 18b is provided in the site
- the first end portion 40 a that is one end portion of the intermediate medium flow path 40 is connected to a first connection portion 18 a formed at the bottom of the casing 18. Further, the second end portion 40 b that is the other end portion of the intermediate medium flow path 40 is connected to a second connection portion 18 b formed on the upper portion of the casing 18. That is, the intermediate medium flow path 40 is configured to take out the intermediate medium 4 in the evaporator E1 to the outside and return the intermediate medium 4 to the vaporizer E2.
- a circulation pump 48 is provided in the intermediate medium flow path 40.
- the circulation pump 48 is constituted by a pump having a constant delivery amount.
- the circulation pump 48 is driven, the liquid intermediate medium 4 accumulated in the bottom of the casing 18 (in the evaporator E1) is sucked into the intermediate medium flow path 40.
- the intermediate medium 4 that has flowed through the intermediate medium flow path 40 is returned to the inside of the casing 18 (inside the vaporizer E2) through the second connection portion 18b.
- the intermediate medium 4 flowing through the intermediate medium flow path 40 is a liquid intermediate medium that is cooled and condensed by the vaporizer E2 to liquefied natural gas and is accumulated in the evaporator E1.
- the heat exchanger 44 is configured to exchange heat between the intermediate medium 4 flowing through the intermediate medium flow path 40 and the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant circulation circuit 42.
- the refrigerant is cooled by the intermediate medium. That is, the cold energy of the intermediate medium 4 is supplied to the refrigerant through the heat exchanger 44.
- the refrigerant circulation circuit 42 is provided with a use side heat exchanger 50 and a refrigerant pump 52.
- the use side heat exchanger 50 is arrange
- the refrigerant pump 52 By driving the refrigerant pump 52, the refrigerant circulates in the refrigerant circulation circuit 42 between the heat exchanger 44 and the use-side heat exchanger 50. Cold heat received from the intermediate medium in the heat exchanger 44 is supplied to the internal air in the use side heat exchanger 50. Thereby, the air in a store
- the latent heat of the refrigerant may be used during heat exchange, or sensible heat may be used.
- the adjusting means 46 includes a refrigerant flow rate adjusting unit 55 and a temperature adjusting unit 58.
- the refrigerant flow rate adjusting unit 55 performs control for adjusting the circulation amount of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circulation circuit 42.
- the temperature adjustment unit 58 performs control for adjusting the temperature of the refrigerant so that the temperature of the refrigerant cooled in the heat exchanger 44 falls within a predetermined range.
- the refrigerant flow rate adjustment unit 55 includes a flow rate adjustment valve 54 and a valve controller 56. Moreover, the refrigerant
- the refrigerant circulation amount in the refrigerant circulation circuit 42 is adjusted.
- the valve opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 54 By adjusting the valve opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 54, the amount of cold received by the refrigerant from the intermediate medium 4 can be adjusted in the heat exchanger 44. As a result, in the use side heat exchanger 50, the amount of cold heat supplied to the internal air can be adjusted.
- the temperature adjustment unit 58 includes a temperature detection unit 58a for detecting the temperature of the refrigerant, an adjustment valve 58b for adjusting the flow rate of the intermediate medium in the intermediate medium flow path 40, and an adjustment valve 58b according to the detection result of the temperature detection unit 58a. And a valve control unit 58c for controlling.
- the temperature detector 58a is configured to detect the temperature of the refrigerant cooled by the intermediate medium by the heat exchanger 44 in the refrigerant circulation circuit 42. That is, the temperature detection unit 58a detects the refrigerant temperature upstream of the use side heat exchanger 50 in the refrigerant circulation circuit 42, and the temperature of the refrigerant from the heat exchanger 44 toward the use side heat exchanger 50 is detected. To detect.
- the valve control unit 58c is configured to output a signal corresponding to the detection value in the temperature detection unit 58a.
- the adjusting valve 58b adjusts the valve opening based on the signal sent from the valve control unit 58c.
- the valve opening degree of the adjustment valve 58b is adjusted, the flow rate of the intermediate medium 4 flowing from the casing 18 into the intermediate medium flow path 40 is adjusted.
- the heat exchanger 44 the amount of cold heat supplied from the intermediate medium 4 to the refrigerant is also adjusted.
- the temperature of the refrigerant that has passed through the heat exchanger 44 is adjusted so as to be within a predetermined range. That is, the temperature adjustment unit 58 can control the refrigerant temperature within a predetermined range by adjusting the valve opening degree of the adjustment valve 58 b provided in the intermediate medium flow path 40.
- the intermediate medium 4 exists in a saturated state.
- the intermediate medium 4 condensed in the vaporizer E ⁇ b> 2 is stored at the bottom in the casing 18.
- the liquid intermediate medium 4 accumulated in the casing 18 (in the evaporator E1) exchanges heat with the heat source medium flowing into the heat transfer pipe 19 of the evaporator E1 through the intake pipe 20. By this heat exchange, at least a part of the liquid intermediate medium 4 evaporates.
- the heat source medium is cooled (received cold) by the intermediate medium 4 and flows into the discharge pipe 22.
- the heat source medium is further cooled by natural gas in the heater E ⁇ b> 3 and discharged from the discharge pipe 22.
- the heat source pump 21 of the intake pipe 20 sends out a fixed amount of heat source medium.
- control is performed so that the pressure in the casing 18 is maintained at a constant pressure.
- the state controller 38 detects a pressure drop in the casing 18, the state controller 38 executes control to increase the valve opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 39 of the discharge pipe 22. Thereby, the flow volume of the heat source medium supplied to the evaporator E1 increases, and the pressure drop in the casing 18 can be suppressed. Thereby, the pressure in the casing 18 is maintained at a constant pressure.
- the intermediate medium 4 flowing through the intermediate medium flow path 40 exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the refrigerant circulation circuit 42 in the heat exchanger 44.
- the intermediate medium 4 cooled in the heat exchanger 44 returns to the casing 18 through the second connection portion 18 b of the casing 18.
- the intermediate medium 4 becomes gaseous by being flushed, and is introduced into the casing 18 (in the vaporizer E2).
- the intermediate medium 4 may be set to vaporize by exchanging heat with the refrigerant. In this case, the gaseous or gas-liquid mixed intermediate medium 4 is introduced into the casing 18 (in the vaporizer E21).
- the refrigerant cooled by the intermediate medium 4 in the heat exchanger 44 cools the internal air in the use side heat exchanger 50, and then returns to the heat exchanger 44. In the refrigerant circulation circuit 42, this circulation of the refrigerant is repeated.
- the refrigerant circulation amount is adjusted in accordance with the cooling load within the range of the vaporization load, while the refrigerant temperature is adjusted to be maintained substantially constant. This adjustment operation will be specifically described below.
- the temperature sensor 62 provided in the use side heat exchanger 50 detects the temperature of the internal air.
- the refrigerant flow rate adjustment unit 55 determines the flow rate adjustment valve 54 of the refrigerant circulation circuit 42 based on the signal received from the temperature sensor 62. Control is performed to increase the valve opening.
- the amount of refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit 42 increases.
- the refrigerant temperature rises accordingly. This is because the amount of refrigerant increases with respect to the amount of cold received from the heat exchanger 44.
- the temperature detector 58a detects this.
- the valve control unit 58c outputs a signal corresponding to the temperature detection value, and the adjustment valve 58b of the intermediate medium flow path 40 operates to receive this signal and increase the valve opening.
- the flow rate of the intermediate medium 4 flowing through the intermediate medium flow path 40 increases, and the amount of cold heat supplied from the intermediate medium 4 to the refrigerant in the heat exchanger 44 increases.
- the temperature of the refrigerant flowing from the heat exchanger 44 toward the use side heat exchanger 50 is lowered, and the refrigerant temperature is maintained within a predetermined temperature range.
- the state controller 38 provided in the casing 18 outputs a signal for reducing the valve opening degree of the flow rate adjusting valve 39 when the pressure detector 38a detects a pressure increase.
- the amount of cold supplied to the refrigerant increases, the amount of cold supplied to the heat source medium (indirect LNG vaporization complementary heat amount) is reduced accordingly. As a total, cold energy is recovered by the refrigerant and a heat medium is supplied within the vaporization load range.
- the valve controller 56 decreases the valve opening degree of the flow rate adjusting valve 54 of the refrigerant circulation circuit 42. Thereby, the refrigerant circulation amount is reduced.
- the valve control unit 58c reduces the valve opening degree of the adjustment valve 58b of the intermediate medium flow path 40.
- the state controller 38 increases the valve opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 39 of the discharge pipe 22. As a result, the amount of cold heat supplied from the intermediate medium 4 to the heat source medium can be increased, and an increase in pressure in the casing 18 can be suppressed.
- the vaporizer E2 vaporizes the amount of the low-temperature liquefied gas according to the demand for the low-temperature gas.
- cold energy is supplied to the intermediate medium 4 by the liquefied natural gas to liquefy the intermediate medium 4. Therefore, cold heat can be supplied from the liquefied natural gas to the intermediate medium 4 within the range of the vaporization load of the liquefied natural gas.
- cold heat is supplied from the intermediate medium 4 to the refrigerant in the refrigerant circulation circuit 42 via the heat exchanger 44, and this cold heat is supplied to the use-side heat exchanger 50. Therefore, the cold heat received by the intermediate medium 4 from the liquefied natural gas can be recovered.
- the amount of cold supplied to the use side via the use side heat exchanger 50 is the amount of heat within the range of the vaporization load of the liquefied natural gas.
- the adjusting means 46 adjusts the amount of cold supply according to the required cooling load. For this reason, when the required cooling load is small, the amount of cooling heat taken out from the refrigerant circuit 42 can be reduced. In other words, within the range of the liquefied natural gas vaporization load required from the demand side, an amount of cold heat corresponding to the cold load can be extracted from the refrigerant circulation circuit 42 and supplied to the use side.
- the cold-heat recovery gas vaporizer 10 can be used as an auxiliary cooling device.
- This embodiment is not based on the premise that all the required cooling load is covered, unlike the conventional liquefied natural gas vaporizer used in a refrigerated warehouse or the like, and therefore it is not necessary to provide a backup evaporator in addition to the vaporizer E2. . Therefore, the apparatus cost as the gas vaporizer 10 can be suppressed.
- the refrigerant flow rate adjusting unit 55 adjusts the refrigerant circulation amount of the refrigerant circulation circuit 42 according to the cooling load on the use side. Thereby, the amount of cold supplied to the use side is adjusted. At this time, cold energy is supplied to the utilization side in the utilization side heat exchanger 50, and the temperature of the refrigerant heated by the internal air changes. Then, the temperature adjustment unit 58 performs control for adjusting the temperature of the refrigerant so that the temperature of the refrigerant cooled in the heat exchanger 44 falls within a predetermined range. Thereby, the temperature of the refrigerant that is cooled by the intermediate medium in the heat exchanger 44 and supplies cold energy to the use side can be kept within a predetermined range. As a result, it is possible to accurately control the amount of cold supplied to the user side.
- the temperature and pressure of the intermediate medium 4 introduced into the vaporizer E2 fluctuate. To do. Then, the state controller 38 detects the temperature or pressure in the vaporizer E2. Further, the flow rate adjustment valve 39 adjusts the flow rate of the heat source medium according to the detection result by the pressure detection unit 38a of the state controller 38 so that it is within a predetermined range. Therefore, the temperature or pressure of the intermediate medium 4 in the vaporizer E2 is maintained so as to be within a predetermined range. Therefore, the temperature of the low temperature gas vaporized by the vaporizer E2 can be maintained within a predetermined range.
- the refrigerant flow rate adjusting unit 55 since the refrigerant flow rate adjusting unit 55 is provided, the amount of cold supplied to the refrigerant through the intermediate medium 4 is adjusted. In this case, the amount of cold supplied from the liquefied natural gas to the refrigerant through the intermediate medium 4 changes according to the amount of cold supplied from the intermediate medium 4 to the refrigerant. At this time, the amount of heat supplied to the intermediate medium 4 is adjusted by adjusting the flow rate of the heat source medium. For this reason, the change in the amount of cold supplied from the intermediate medium to the refrigerant can be absorbed by adjusting the amount of heat supplied by the heat source medium. As a result, the flow rate and temperature of the low temperature gas vaporized by the vaporizer E2 can be maintained within a predetermined range.
- the circulation pump 48 is provided in the intermediate medium flow path 40, and the intermediate medium is forced to flow through the intermediate medium flow path 40 by driving the circulation pump 48.
- the intermediate medium flow path 40 may be configured such that the intermediate medium 4 flows by a thermosiphon method. In this case, as shown in FIG. 2, the circulation pump 48 of the intermediate medium flow path 40 can be omitted. In this case, the intermediate medium flowing through the intermediate medium flow path 40 is set to evaporate in the heat exchanger 44.
- the liquid intermediate medium flows in from the casing 18, and the intermediate medium is vaporized in the intermediate medium flow path 40, so that it is returned to the casing 18.
- the refrigerant is cooled in the heat exchanger 44, and the temperature is raised by heating the refrigerant in the use side heat exchanger 50.
- the evaporator E1 and the vaporizer E2 are provided in the common casing 18, but the present invention is not limited to this structure. That is, the evaporator E1 and the vaporizer E2 may be formed separately and independently, and the separately formed evaporator E1 and vaporizer E2 may be connected by piping.
- the second connection portion 18b is provided at a portion of the casing 18 that constitutes the vaporizer E2, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the 2nd connection part 18b may be provided in the site
- an amount of the low-temperature liquefied gas corresponding to the demand for the low-temperature gas is vaporized.
- cold heat is supplied to the intermediate medium by the low-temperature liquefied gas, and the intermediate medium is liquefied. Therefore, cold heat can be supplied from the low temperature liquefied gas to the intermediate medium within the range of the vaporization load of the low temperature liquefied gas.
- cold heat is supplied from the intermediate medium to the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit via the heat exchanger. The cold supplied to the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit can be supplied to the use side.
- the amount of cold supplied is the amount of heat within the vaporization load range of the low-temperature liquefied gas.
- the adjusting means adjusts the amount of supplied cold heat according to the required cooling load. For this reason, when the required cooling load is small, the amount of cooling heat taken out from the refrigerant circuit can be reduced. In other words, an amount of cold heat corresponding to the cold load can be extracted from the refrigerant circulation circuit within the required vaporization load range.
- a low-temperature liquefied gas vaporizer can be used as an auxiliary cooling device.
- this embodiment unlike conventional low-temperature liquefied gas vaporizers used in refrigerated warehouses, etc., it is not premised on that all required cooling loads are covered, so it is necessary to provide a backup evaporator in addition to the low-temperature liquefied gas evaporator There is no. Therefore, the apparatus cost as an intermediate-medium gas vaporizer can be suppressed.
- the cold load in the warehouse is recovered by recovering the cold heat of the low-temperature liquefied gas while supplying the low-temperature gas vaporized from the low-temperature liquefied gas to the demand side, such as a low-temperature liquefied gas vaporizer used in a freezer warehouse etc.
- the conventional vaporizer that covers the above, an amount of the heat source medium necessary for vaporizing the low-temperature liquefied gas corresponding to the required amount of the low-temperature gas is supplied. For this reason, the case where the vaporization load requested
- the conventional apparatus requires a backup evaporator for vaporizing the low-temperature liquefied gas that bypasses the vaporization facility for supplying cold into the warehouse.
- the low-temperature liquefied gas is vaporized according to the required vaporization load, while the cold heat is only taken out from the refrigerant circulation circuit within the range. Therefore, it is not always possible to supply the amount of cooling according to the required amount of cooling, but it is not necessary to provide a backup evaporator.
- the adjustment means adjusts the refrigerant circulation amount in the refrigerant circulation circuit, so that the amount of cold extracted from the refrigerant circulation circuit can be reduced. For this reason, cold heat can be taken out as much as necessary. Note that the vaporization load exceeding the cooling load can be adjusted by the heat source medium flowing in the heat source medium flow path.
- the adjusting means includes a refrigerant flow rate adjusting unit that adjusts a circulation amount of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circulation circuit, and a refrigerant flow rate so that a temperature of the refrigerant cooled in the heat exchanger falls within a predetermined range. It is preferable that a temperature adjustment unit that performs control for adjusting the temperature is included.
- the amount of cold supplied to the user side is adjusted by adjusting the refrigerant circulation amount of the refrigerant circulation circuit in accordance with the cold load on the user side.
- the temperature adjustment unit performs control for adjusting the temperature of the refrigerant so that the temperature of the refrigerant cooled in the heat exchanger falls within a predetermined range.
- the temperature of the refrigerant that is cooled by the intermediate medium in the heat exchanger and supplies cold energy to the user side can be kept within a predetermined range. As a result, it is possible to accurately control the amount of cold supplied to the user side.
- the gas vaporizer with the cold recovery function is detected by a state detecting means for detecting a temperature or pressure of an intermediate medium for vaporizing the low temperature liquefied gas by the low temperature liquefied gas evaporator, and detected by the state detecting means.
- a heat source medium flow rate adjustment unit that adjusts the flow rate of the heat source medium according to the detection result of the state detection unit so that the temperature or the pressure falls within a predetermined range.
- the temperature and pressure of the intermediate medium introduced into the low-temperature liquefied gas evaporator vary.
- the state detection means detects the temperature or pressure in the low-temperature liquefied gas evaporator, and the heat source medium flow rate adjusting unit adjusts the heat source medium according to the detection result by the state detection means so that it is within a predetermined range. Adjust the flow rate. Accordingly, the temperature or pressure of the intermediate medium in the low-temperature liquefied gas evaporator is maintained within a predetermined range. Therefore, the temperature of the low temperature gas vaporized by the low temperature liquefied gas evaporator can be maintained within a predetermined range.
- the amount of cold supplied to the refrigerant through the intermediate medium is adjusted.
- the amount of cold supplied from the low-temperature liquefied gas to the refrigerant through the intermediate medium changes according to the amount of cold supplied from the intermediate medium to the refrigerant.
- the flow rate of the heat source medium by adjusting the flow rate of the heat source medium, the amount of cold heat absorbed by the heat source medium from the intermediate medium (indirect low-temperature liquefied gas vaporization complementary heat amount) is adjusted.
- the change in the amount of cold supplied to the refrigerant can be absorbed by adjusting the flow rate of the heat source medium.
- the flow rate and temperature of the low temperature gas vaporized by the low temperature liquefied gas evaporator can be maintained within a predetermined range.
- the cold energy recovery apparatus of the present embodiment has a low temperature by using an intermediate medium evaporator that evaporates at least a part of the intermediate medium by heat exchange between the heat source medium and the intermediate medium, and an intermediate medium evaporated by the intermediate medium evaporator.
- a heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the medium and the refrigerant that circulates in the refrigerant circulation circuit, and an adjustment unit that adjusts the amount of cold supplied from the intermediate medium to the refrigerant according to the cooling load required on the use side And be prepared That.
- the intermediate medium flow path is connected to the low temperature liquefied gas evaporator and the intermediate medium evaporator, whereby the cold energy can be recovered from the intermediate medium type gas vaporizer.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (4)
- 熱源媒体と中間媒体との熱交換によって前記中間媒体の少なくとも一部を蒸発させる中間媒体蒸発器と、
前記中間媒体蒸発器で蒸発した中間媒体によって低温の液化ガスを気化させる低温液化ガス蒸発器と、
前記低温液化ガス蒸発器で液化した中間媒体を外部に取り出し、該中間媒体を前記中間媒体蒸発器又は前記低温液化ガス蒸発器に戻す中間媒体流路と、
冷媒が循環する冷媒循環回路と、
前記中間媒体流路を流れる中間媒体と前記冷媒循環回路を循環する冷媒との間で熱交換を行う熱交換器と、
要求される冷熱負荷に応じて、中間媒体から前記冷媒循環回路の冷媒に供給される冷熱量を調整する調整手段と、を備える冷熱回収機能付きガス気化装置。 - 前記調整手段には、前記冷媒循環回路内の冷媒の循環量を調整する冷媒流量調整部と、前記熱交換器において冷却された冷媒の温度が所定範囲内に収まるように、冷媒の温度を調整するための制御を行う温度調整部と、が含まれている請求項1に記載の冷熱回収機能付きガス気化装置。
- 前記低温液化ガス蒸発器で低温液化ガスを気化させるための中間媒体の温度又は圧力を検出する状態検出手段と、
前記状態検出手段で検出された温度又は圧力が所定範囲に収まるように、前記状態検出手段の検出結果に応じて熱源媒体の流量を調整する熱源媒体流量調整部と、を備えている請求項1又は2に記載の冷熱回収機能付きガス気化装置。 - 熱源媒体と中間媒体との熱交換によって前記中間媒体の少なくとも一部を蒸発させる中間媒体蒸発器と、前記中間媒体蒸発器で蒸発した中間媒体によって低温の液化ガスを気化させる低温液化ガス蒸発器と、を備えた中間媒体式ガス気化装置に接続されて使用される冷熱回収装置であって、
一端部が前記低温液化ガス蒸発器に接続可能に構成されるとともに、他端部が前記中間媒体蒸発器に接続可能に構成される中間媒体流路と、
利用側に冷熱を供給する冷媒が循環する冷媒循環回路と、
前記中間媒体流路を流れる中間媒体と前記冷媒循環回路を循環する冷媒との間で熱交換を行う熱交換器と、
要求される冷熱負荷に応じて、中間媒体から冷媒に供給される冷熱量を調整する調整手段と、を備える冷熱回収装置。
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