WO2015001872A1 - プロジェクションボルトの溶接方法 - Google Patents
プロジェクションボルトの溶接方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015001872A1 WO2015001872A1 PCT/JP2014/063958 JP2014063958W WO2015001872A1 WO 2015001872 A1 WO2015001872 A1 WO 2015001872A1 JP 2014063958 W JP2014063958 W JP 2014063958W WO 2015001872 A1 WO2015001872 A1 WO 2015001872A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- melting
- steel plate
- initial
- welding
- volume
- Prior art date
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 149
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 29
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 403
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 393
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 278
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 278
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 47
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 32
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 20
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000003443 Unconsciousness Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004021 metal welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/14—Projection welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/002—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating specially adapted for particular articles or work
- B23K11/004—Welding of a small piece to a great or broad piece
- B23K11/0046—Welding of a small piece to a great or broad piece the extremity of a small piece being welded to a base, e.g. cooling studs or fins to tubes or plates
- B23K11/0053—Stud welding, i.e. resistive
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/16—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating taking account of the properties of the material to be welded
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
- B23K35/0288—Welding studs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B37/00—Nuts or like thread-engaging members
- F16B37/04—Devices for fastening nuts to surfaces, e.g. sheets, plates
- F16B37/06—Devices for fastening nuts to surfaces, e.g. sheets, plates by means of welding or riveting
- F16B37/061—Devices for fastening nuts to surfaces, e.g. sheets, plates by means of welding or riveting by means of welding
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a welding method for welding a projection bolt composed of a shaft portion, a diameter-enlarged portion formed integrally with the shaft portion, and a welding protrusion disposed in the center of the diameter-extended portion to a thin steel plate. It is related.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a projection constituted by a shaft portion, a diameter-enlarged portion formed integrally with the shaft portion, and a welding protrusion disposed at the center of the diameter-extended portion. It is described that a bolt is welded to a steel plate part by electric resistance welding.
- the projection bolt disclosed in Patent Document 1 has the shape shown in FIG. 10A.
- the projection bolt 20 is made of iron, and includes a shaft portion 21 in which a male screw is formed, a circular enlarged diameter portion 22 formed integrally with the shaft portion 21 and having a diameter larger than the diameter of the shaft portion 21, It is comprised by the circular welding protrusion 23 arrange
- the welding protrusion 23 is a circular raised shape portion having a smaller diameter than the enlarged diameter portion 22, and includes a tapered portion 24 having a small inclination angle and a top portion 25 having a sharp central portion on the distal end surface side. .
- the end surface of the enlarged diameter part 22 in parts other than the welding protrusion 23 is made into the taper surface 26 where the outer peripheral side became low.
- Patent Document 1 The invention described in Patent Document 1 (hereinafter referred to as the prior invention) has been put into practical use by Yoshitaka Aoyama and Shoji Aoyama, the inventors of the invention according to the present patent application.
- the inventors have succeeded in practical use of the prior invention by welding projection bolts to steel plate parts of an automobile body. That is, the welding protrusion 23 is welded to the steel plate part 27 at the center of the enlarged diameter portion 22, and the tapered surface 26 is in close contact with the surface of the steel plate part 27.
- the weld quality of a predetermined melted state and weld strength is ensured by such welding at the center and adhesion between the other parts, that is, “center welding / overall contact”.
- FIG. 10B The situation is shown in FIG. 10B.
- a receiving hole 29 is formed in the movable electrode 28 that moves forward and backward, and the projection bolt 20 is held by the movable electrode 28 by inserting the shaft portion 21 therein.
- a steel plate part 27 made of a high-strength steel plate is placed on the fixed electrode 30, and the welding projection 23 is pressed onto the steel plate part 27 by the advancement of the movable electrode 28, so that a welding current is applied. Thereby, the welding projection 23 and the steel plate part 27 are in a molten state, and the bolt 20 is welded to the steel plate part 27 as shown in the figure.
- the welded state shown in FIG. 10B is an abnormal mode.
- the melted portion 32 painted black is formed across the entire thickness of the steel plate part 27. That is, as viewed in the thickness direction of the steel plate part 27, the entire plate thickness is once melted and then solidified.
- Such an excessive melting phenomenon is likely to occur when the plate thickness is reduced to 0.65 mm or 0.7 mm, and a large amount of heat on the projection bolt 20 side with respect to a thin plate thickness having a small heat capacity. It is thought that this occurred due to the influence.
- the molten volume on the projection bolt 20 side is excessive with respect to the thin plate, and it is a thin plate even if the welding conditions such as the applied pressure, energization time and current value, and the volume of the molten metal are accurately controlled. Excessive melting occurs throughout the thickness.
- the melting range of the steel plate viewed in the thickness direction of the steel plate parts is limited to half or two thirds of the plate thickness, and the required welding is performed. Strength is secured. That is, the base material which is a non-melting part is left behind.
- the welding strength can be ensured in this way because the melting range is the region as described above, so that the base material part that has not been melted maintains the strength of the steel sheet itself, and the boundary area between the molten part and the non-melted part is This is considered to be because the bonding strength between the melted portion and the non-melted portion becomes a sufficient value due to widening.
- the melted portion (Nugget) 32 is solidified by rapid cooling after completion of energization, it becomes a martensite structure, has extremely high hardness, and is brittle.
- the tissue change portion appears as a satin portion in the figure.
- Such a satin place is generally known as a heat affected zone (HeatHAffected Zone / HAZ).
- This portion is indicated by reference numeral 33 and is not as brittle as the melted portion 32, but is more brittle than the base material portion.
- the present invention is provided in order to solve the above-mentioned problems.
- the projection bolt may be simply expressed as a bolt.
- a shaft portion on which a male screw is formed a circular enlarged portion formed integrally with the shaft portion and having a diameter larger than the diameter of the shaft portion, and an outer periphery on the end surface
- a circular welding having a circular initial melting portion having a taper portion with a small inclination angle that becomes lower on the side and a main melting portion connected to the initial melting portion, and being arranged at the center of the enlarged diameter portion on the side opposite to the shaft portion
- the projection bolt formed by the projection is welded to the steel plate component by electric resistance welding in a state where the welding projection is pressed between the pair of electrodes to the steel plate component made of thin steel plate,
- the pair of electrodes is configured such that an electrode for holding a projection bolt and an electrode on which a steel plate part is placed are arranged coaxially, Add the heat of fusion of the main melting part to the initial melting part that became a flat melting region in the initial stage of melting, or depending on the pressure of the molten metal contained between the main melting part
- melting heat addition adding the heat of fusion of the main melting portion to the initial melting portion that has become a flat melting region in the initial stage of melting. Further, in the above configuration, the progress of the melting of the steel plate part by the pressure of the molten metal confined between the main melting part and the non-melting part of the steel plate part is abbreviated as “use of pressure”.
- the problem in the present invention is solved by either a welding method including “melting heat addition” or a welding method including “pressure utilization”.
- Melting heat addition is performed by melting the steel plate part in the thickness direction by complementing the amount of heat from the main melting portion.
- use of pressure is performed by melting the steel plate part in the thickness direction by the pressure of the contained molten metal.
- melting heat addition and “pressure use” can be combined to be used as a simultaneous phenomenon.
- the welding protrusion is formed of an initial melting portion having a tapered portion with a small inclination angle whose outer peripheral side is lowered on the end surface and a main melting portion continuous with the initial melting portion, the melting portion of the initial melting portion is simultaneously melted. Progressively the surface of the steel plate part starts to melt. At the same time, melting proceeds in the main melting portion. At this time, if the volume of the initial melted portion is large, the amount of heat of fusion of the initial melted portion itself increases, so that the amount of melt on the steel sheet component side also increases in proportion thereto. In addition to the increase in the amount of melting on the steel sheet component side, a large amount of heat of fusion in the main melting part is introduced into the steel sheet part through the large initial melting part.
- the surface of the steel sheet component starts to melt simultaneously with the melting of the volume portion of the initial melting portion, and the melting also proceeds in the main melting portion.
- the volume of the initial melted portion is small, the amount of heat of fusion of the initial melted portion itself becomes small, so the amount of melt on the steel sheet component side also decreases in proportion thereto.
- the heat of fusion in the main melting portion is less injected into the steel plate component through the small volume initial melting portion.
- the amount of heat put into the steel plate part becomes too small and the melting in the thickness direction is slight. It becomes. That is, it is indispensable to set so that the volume of the initial melted portion is not too small with respect to the steel plate part.
- the volume of the initial melting part corresponds to the volume of the steel plate part.
- the volume of the steel plate part having the same diameter as that of the circular initial melting portion is made to correspond.
- the volume of the steel plate part having the same diameter as the circular initial melted part is the part that is most directly affected by the heat of the initial melted part.
- the present invention is important in that it has been found that the volume of the initial melted portion relative to the volume of the steel plate component having the same diameter as the circular initial melted portion directly affects the melting region of the steel plate component.
- the ratio of the volume of the initial melted portion to the volume of the steel plate part having the same diameter as that of the circular initial melted portion is set to a predetermined value.
- This predetermined ratio is 0.08 where the melting amount in the sheet thickness direction of the steel plate part becomes the lower limit predetermined value by adding the heat of fusion of the main melting part, and melting in the thickness direction of the steel sheet part by adding the melting heat of the main melting part The amount is set to 0.20 so as not to exceed the upper limit predetermined value.
- the volume of the steel plate part having the same diameter as the circular initial melted portion is abbreviated as “steel plate volume”.
- the ratio of the volume of the initial melting portion to the “steel plate volume” is changed from 0.08 at which the melting amount in the plate thickness direction of the steel plate component becomes the lower limit predetermined value by adding the heat of fusion of the main melting portion. Since the welding amount is set to 0.20 so that the amount of melting in the sheet thickness direction of the steel sheet part does not exceed the upper limit predetermined value by adding the heat of fusion, the melted part and the structure change part in the vicinity thereof are the entire thickness of the sheet.
- dissolved exists between the structure change part near a fusion
- this base material part fulfills the function of maintaining the strength as a steel plate part, and the weld joint strength of the bolt can be sufficiently secured.
- the bonding strength of this boundary area part can be kept high, and even if an external force in the bending direction acts on the bolt, it can be easily cracked, etc. Will not occur.
- the shape of the initial melted part before melting is a flat conical shape, but the conical shape disappears at the initial stage of melting and becomes a flat melting region integrated with the molten part of the surface part of the steel plate part.
- the phenomenon that the heat of fusion of the main melting part is added to the steel plate part or the heat of fusion of the main melting part is transferred to the steel plate part via the initial melting part is mainly in the flat melting region. This means that the melting heat of the melting part is transmitted, and then the heat is transferred to the non-melting region of the steel plate part, thereby expanding the melting range of the steel plate part.
- the numerical value of 0.08 to 0.20 set as described above is important for practical use in order to optimize the amount of melting in the plate thickness direction of the steel plate component. This is based on the basic phenomenon of “melting heat addition”.
- a gap is left between the vicinity of the outer periphery of the enlarged diameter portion and the surface of the steel sheet component, the lower surface of the enlarged diameter portion forming the void, the outer peripheral surface of the main melting portion, and the exposed portion of the melting portion
- the coating liquid can be adhered to the surface of the steel plate component by discharging the air in the gap.
- the gap between the outer periphery of the enlarged diameter portion and the surface of the steel plate part is too narrow, the fluid of the coating liquid in the gap cannot be obtained due to the viscosity of the coating liquid, so the air stagnating in the gap is discharged. Without being sealed, it will be contained in the coating liquid. There is a problem that rust is generated due to the enclosed air.
- the presence of the rust is caused by the presence of a gap that does not enclose bubbles with the coating liquid between the vicinity of the outer periphery of the enlarged diameter portion and the surface of the steel plate part.
- the problem is solved.
- the gap between the vicinity of the outer periphery of the enlarged diameter portion and the surface of the steel plate part can be secured as a sufficient space by the height dimension of the main melted portion in the thickness direction of the steel plate component, The inflow of liquid is actively performed. By such a flow, the air in the gap is discharged, and the coating liquid adheres to the surface of the enlarged diameter part, the main melting part, the exposed part of the melted part, the steel plate part, etc. that form the gap, and the bubbles are enclosed.
- the problem of rust generation as described above is eliminated.
- the ratio of the circular area of the initial melted portion to the plate thickness of the steel plate part is set to 100, for example, the ratio of the melted area to the plate thickness of the thin steel plate becomes large. Since such a large area of molten metal in a wide area is placed in a pressurized state, the internal pressure of the liquefied metal is kept low. For this reason, the amount of heat per unit area transferred from the molten metal to the non-molten portion of the steel sheet is reduced, and the amount of penetration of the non-molten portion in the thickness direction is reduced.
- the melting range in the surface direction of the thin steel sheet is increased, the heat of fusion is transmitted from a long outer periphery to a wide area, the amount of heat toward the sheet thickness direction is reduced, and the progress of penetration in the sheet thickness direction progresses. Alleviated. Therefore, when the ratio of the circular area of the initial melted portion to the plate thickness of the steel plate part is set to a large value such as 100, the progress of penetration in the plate thickness direction is mitigated, and excessive melting can be prevented. The welding strength is maintained properly.
- plate thickness area ratio ratio of the circular area of the initial melted portion to the plate thickness of the steel plate part
- the “plate thickness area ratio” is set to 50, for example, the ratio of the molten area to the plate thickness of the thin steel plate is small. Since the molten metal of such a narrow area with a narrow area is put in a pressurized state, the internal pressure of the liquefied metal is kept high. For this reason, the amount of heat per unit area transmitted from the molten metal to the non-molten portion of the steel sheet is increased, and the amount of penetration of the non-molten portion in the thickness direction is increased. In addition, since the melting range in the plane direction of the thin steel sheet is reduced, the heat of fusion is transmitted from the short outer periphery to the narrow area, the amount of heat in the thickness direction is increased, and the progress of penetration in the thickness direction is promoted. Is done. Therefore, when the above-mentioned “plate thickness area ratio” is set to be as small as 50, the progress of penetration in the plate thickness direction is promoted, the melting depth becomes large, and the welding strength of the projection bolt is appropriately set. Kept.
- the molten metal is confined between the initial melted portion and the non-melted portion of the thin steel plate in the early stage of melting, and the main molten portion and the non-melted steel plate are not melted in the later stage of melting.
- the pressure state of the liquefied metal influences the progress of melting in the non-melting portion. That is, a phenomenon in which heat conduction is positively performed from the high-pressure molten metal to the non-molten portion, and a slow heat conduction from the low-pressure molten metal to the non-melted portion is an important point. Since such a phenomenon is developed as in the “plate thickness area ratio” exemplified above, excessive melting and under-melting in the plate thickness direction can be prevented, and appropriate welding strength can be ensured.
- plate thickness area ratio 100 and 50 exemplified as described above are important in practical use in order to optimize the amount of melting in the plate thickness direction of the steel plate parts. The selection is based on the basic phenomenon of “pressure use”.
- effect use and “melting heat addition” are the same in terms of the operational effect relating to the presence of a void between the vicinity of the outer periphery of the enlarged diameter portion and the surface of the steel plate part.
- the steel plate part having the same diameter as the circular initial melting part
- the ratio of the volume of the initial melted part to the volume of the steel is selected, or the melting of the steel sheet part is advanced by the pressure of the molten metal confined between the main melted part and the non-melted part of the steel sheet part.
- a projection bolt welding method is provided in which the ratio of the circular area of the initial melted portion to the plate thickness of the steel plate part is selected.
- the addition of the heat of fusion of the main melting portion to the initial melting portion that has become a flat melting region in the initial stage of melting means that the steel plate part having the same diameter as the circular initial melting portion is added.
- the ratio of the volume of the initial melting part to the volume is selected.
- the shape of the initial melted part before melting is a flat conical shape, but the conical shape disappears at the initial stage of melting and becomes a flat melting region integrated with the molten part of the surface part of the steel plate part.
- the phenomenon that the heat of fusion of the main melting part is added to the steel plate part or the heat of fusion of the main melting part is transferred to the steel plate part via the initial melting part is mainly in the flat melting region.
- the melting heat of the melting part is transmitted, and then the heat is transferred to the non-melting region of the steel plate part, and the melting range of the steel plate part is expanded.
- the relationship between the volume of the initial melted part and the volume of the steel plate part having the same diameter as that of the circular initial melted part is essential.
- the phenomenon described above is such that the molten metal is confined between the initial molten part and the non-molten part of the thin steel sheet in the initial stage of melting, and in the later stage of melting, Since it is in a state of being confined between the main melting portion and the non-melting portion of the thin steel plate, the pressure state of the liquefied metal influences the progress of melting of the non-melting portion. That is, a phenomenon in which heat conduction is positively performed from the high-pressure molten metal to the non-molten portion, and a slow heat conduction from the low-pressure molten metal to the non-melted portion is an important point.
- the ratio of the volume of the initial melted portion to the volume of the steel plate part having the same diameter as that of the circular initial melted portion is 0.08 to 0.20, or
- a projection bolt welding method is provided in which the ratio of the circular area of the initial melted portion to the plate thickness of the steel plate component is 45 to 105.
- the ratio of the volume of the initial melting portion to the “steel plate volume” is set to 0.08, so that the thickness of the steel sheet component in the thickness direction of the main melting portion is increased.
- the melting amount becomes the lower limit predetermined value.
- the ratio by setting the ratio to 0.20, the amount of melting in the sheet thickness direction of the steel sheet component by adding the heat of fusion in the main melting part becomes the upper limit predetermined value. Therefore, the melted portion and the structure change portion in the vicinity thereof are not formed over the entire plate thickness, and the unmelted base material portion is left between the structure change portion in the vicinity of the melt portion and the steel plate surface.
- this base material part fulfills the function of maintaining the strength as a steel plate part, and the weld joint strength of the bolt can be sufficiently secured.
- the bonding strength of this boundary area part can be kept high, and even if an external force in the bending direction acts on the bolt, it can be easily cracked, etc. Will not occur.
- plate thickness area ratio In the case of “use of pressure”, when the above-mentioned “plate thickness area ratio” is set to be as small as 45, the progress of the penetration in the plate thickness direction is promoted and the melt depth becomes large, and the projection bolt The welding strength is maintained properly.
- plate thickness area ratio is set to a large value such as 105, the progress of penetration in the plate thickness direction is mitigated, excessive melting can be prevented, and the welding bolt's welding strength can be maintained appropriately.
- both of “melting heat addition” and “use of pressure” are steel plate parts. Since it is common in the aspect of ensuring proper welding strength by preventing over- and under-melting in the plate thickness direction, it should be used as a simultaneous phenomenon by combining "melting heat addition” and "use of pressure” Can do.
- FIG. 3A It is a side view of a projection bolt. It is an enlarged view of the head part of the projection bolt in FIG. 1A. It is sectional drawing which shows the state which inserted
- Example 1A to 6 show Example 1 of the present invention based on “melting heat addition”.
- the shape of the iron projection bolt 1 is shown in FIG. 1A.
- the bolt 1 includes a shaft portion 2 on which a male screw is formed, a circular enlarged diameter portion 3 formed integrally with the shaft portion 2 and having a diameter larger than the diameter of the shaft portion 2, and the shaft portion 2. Is formed by a circular welding protrusion 4 arranged in the center of the enlarged diameter portion on the opposite side.
- Reference numeral 5 denotes a male screw formed on the outer peripheral surface of the shaft portion 2 and has a valley portion and a mountain portion.
- the welding protrusion 4 is composed of an initial melting portion 4A and a main melting portion 4B as shown in FIGS. 1A and 3A.
- the initial fusion part 4A is a flat conical part formed by providing a taper part 6 with a small taper inclination angle at the outer peripheral side of the end face of the welding projection 4 to be lowered.
- a sharp top portion 7 is formed at the center of the initial melting portion 4A.
- the main melting part 4B is a truncated cone shaped part formed in a state of being connected to the initial melting part 4A. Since the bolt 1 is subjected to mold molding, roll processing, and the like, when observed in an enlarged manner, the top portion 7 actually has a slightly rounded shape instead of a sharply pointed shape.
- FIG. 1B shows the dimensions and inclination angles of each part to facilitate understanding of the dimensional state of the example.
- the diameter (crest diameter) of the shaft portion 2 is 5.5 mm
- the length of the shaft portion 2 is 24.5 mm
- the diameter and thickness of the enlarged diameter portion 3 are 13.2 mm and 1.0 mm, respectively. It is.
- the diameter of the end face (tapered portion 6) of the welding protrusion 4 is 9.0 mm
- the height (thickness) of the initial melting portion 4A is 0.32 mm
- the height (thickness) of the main melting portion 4B is 0.00.
- the inclination angle ⁇ of 9 mm and the taper portion 6 is 4.5 degrees.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the bolt 1 is welded to the steel plate part 8.
- the movable electrode 9 is advanced and retracted by an air cylinder or an advancing / retracting output type electric motor (not shown).
- a receiving hole 10 is opened in the longitudinal direction of the movable electrode 9 at the center of the end face, and a permanent magnet 11 is attached to the inner part.
- the steel plate component 8 is placed on a fixed electrode 12 arranged coaxially with the movable electrode 9.
- FIG. 2 shows a state in which the movable electrode 9 holding the bolt 1 has advanced and the welding projection 4 is being pressed against the steel plate component 8.
- the top portion 7 and the tapered portion 6 in the vicinity thereof are recessed into the surface of the steel plate component 8 by this pressurization, although not shown.
- the tip end portion of the taper portion 6 of the initial melting portion 4A slightly bites into the surface of the steel plate component 8, and the contact area between the welding projection 4 and the steel plate component 8 is increased. In this state, a welding current is applied and welding to the steel plate part 8 is performed.
- the relationship of the volume of the partial shape part of the projection bolt 1 with respect to the volume of the predetermined part of the steel plate part 8 is closely related to the molten state in the steel plate part 8. That is, it is the relationship between the volume of the steel plate part 8 having the same diameter as the circular initial melting part 4A and the volume of the initial melting part 4A.
- the steel plate part 8 having the same diameter as the circular initial melting portion 4A is a disc portion 8A, and this volume is the above-described “steel plate volume”.
- the steel plate component 8 here has a plate thickness of 0.65 mm.
- the volume of the disc portion 8A is 41.33 mm 3 .
- the initial melting part 4A has a volume of 6.79 mm 3 because its height is 0.32 mm and the diameter is 9.0 mm as described above. Therefore, the ratio of the volume of the initial molten portion 4A to the volume of the disc portion 8A, that is, the “steel plate volume” is 0.16.
- the applied pressure by the movable electrode 9, that is, the applied pressure of the welding projection 4 to the steel plate part 8 is 2300 N
- the welding current is 14000 A
- the energization time is 8 cycles.
- the energization time of 8 cycles is the time from the start of energization to the start of melting of the initial melted part 4A after the elapse of a predetermined time and the subsequent end of melting of the main melted part 4B.
- One cycle is 1/60 second.
- the setting range of each condition is a pressure of 2000 to 3000 N, a welding current of 10,000 to 15000 A, and an energization time of 5 to 10 cycles.
- FIG. 4A is an initial stage of energization in which a welding current is energized in the pressed state of FIG. 2, and the vicinity of the top portion 7 and the corresponding steel plate part 8 (disc portion 8A) are slightly melted. This melting point is indicated by reference numeral 14.
- the melted portion 14 expands into a circular shape in the radial direction by a substantially planar melting range due to the inclination angle of the tapered portion 6. This expanded transient is shown in FIG. 4B.
- the melting of the main melting portion 4B is started simultaneously following the melting of the entire initial melting portion 4A.
- the entire surface of the steel plate part 8 corresponding to the circular range of the initial melting part 4A that is, the part close to the surface of the disk part 8A is melted by the melting of the initial melting part 4A.
- the main melted portion 4B is not melted in the entire thickness direction, and is in a range from one half to one third as viewed in the thickness direction of the main melted portion 4B. Is melted.
- the above-mentioned welding conditions such as the applied pressure, current value, and energization time are determined so that melting in such a range is performed in the main melting portion 4B.
- the heat of melting in the main melting portion 4B is added to the melting heat of the initial melting portion 4A and charged into the steel plate component 8, and the melting range state in the steel plate component 8 is ensured appropriately.
- the shape before melting of the initial melting portion 4A is a flat conical shape as shown in the figure, but the conical shape disappears at the initial stage of melting and becomes integrated with the melting portion of the surface portion of the steel plate part 8. It is a flat melting zone.
- the phenomenon that the melting heat of the main melting portion 4B is added to the steel plate component 8 or the melting heat of the main melting portion 4B is transferred to the steel plate component 8 via the initial melting portion 4A is as described above. This means that the melting heat of the main melting part 4B is transmitted to the flat melting region and then transferred to the non-melting region (solid phase) of the steel plate component 8 to expand the melting range of the steel plate component 8.
- FIG. 4D is a partial enlarged cross-sectional view showing the state of the structure after completion of the welding, and the blacked-out portion is the melted portion 14, which is the nugget described above. And the part which appears in the vicinity of the fusion
- the tissue change portion 15 is shown with a satin finish in the drawing.
- Reference numeral 16 denotes a non-melting portion in the disc portion 8A, which is formed by the structure changing portion 15 and the base material 17 of the steel plate not subjected to thermal influence, and the thickness thereof is indicated by T1.
- the thickness of the base material 17 alone is indicated by T2.
- the above melting process proceeds by a combined melting phenomenon of the initial melting part 4A and the main melting part 4B.
- the surface of the steel plate part 8 starts to melt simultaneously with the melting of the volume portion of the initial melting portion 4A.
- melting proceeds in the main melting portion 4B.
- the volume of the initial melted part 4A is large, the heat of fusion of the initial melted part 4A itself is increased, so the amount of melt on the steel plate part 8 side is also increased in proportion thereto.
- a large amount of heat of fusion in the main melting part 4B is introduced into the steel plate part 8 through the large initial melting part 4A.
- the surface of the steel plate component 8 starts to melt simultaneously with the melting of the volume portion of the initial melting portion 4A, and the melting also proceeds in the main melting portion 4B.
- the heat of fusion of the initial melted part 4A itself becomes small, so the amount of melt on the steel plate part 8 side also decreases in proportion thereto.
- the heat of fusion in the main melting part 4B is less injected into the steel sheet part 8 through the small initial melting part 4A.
- the amount of heat input to the steel plate component 8 becomes too small, and melting in the thickness direction Is a little. That is, it is indispensable to set the volume of the initial melting portion 4A so as not to be too small with respect to the steel plate part 8.
- the volume ratio of the initial melting part 4A to the disk part 8A is an important factor.
- the volume ratio is set to 0.16 as in this example, the amount of heat of fusion of the initial melting portion 4A itself and the amount of heat supplied from the main melting portion 4B are appropriately converged, and the steel component 8 side is melted.
- the quantity is set as shown in FIG. 4D. That is, a state where the non-melting portion 16 and the base material 17 are appropriately placed can be secured.
- the volume of the initial melted part 4A is excessive or too small with respect to the volume of the steel plate part 8, so that the volume of the initial melted part 4A is reduced to the steel plate part.
- a predetermined range is set in correlation with the volume on the 8th side, and the amount of heat that is insufficient for proper melting of the steel plate parts is supplementarily supplied from the main melting portion 4B.
- the volume of the initial melting portion 4A in a range that does not cause any harm to the initial melting of the steel plate component 8 is set in correlation with the “steel plate volume”, and the amount of heat that is insufficient for the proper melting of the steel plate component 8 is the main melting portion 4B.
- the heat of fusion of the main melting part 4B as described above is complementarily supplied to the steel plate part 8 via the initial melting part 4A, it is necessary to adjust the amount of melting of the main melting part 4B. In other words, if the amount of added heat from the main melting part 4B becomes excessive, excessive melting occurs in the steel plate part 8. Moreover, if the amount of added heat from the main melting part 4B becomes too small, the steel plate part 8 becomes undermelted.
- the volume of the main melting part 4B having the dimensions shown in FIG. 1B is about 58.54 mm 3 , and is about one half to three minutes of about 58.54 mm 3 continuously with the melting of the initial melting part 4A. 1 is melted. This half to one-third melting is seen in the thickness direction of the steel plate part 8.
- the reason why “about” is given as about 58.54 mm 3 is that the outer peripheral surface of the main melting portion 4B is a tapered surface.
- the thickness T1 of the non-molten portion 16 is 0.4 mm,
- the thickness T2 was 0.3 mm.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a relationship between the ratio of the volume of the initial melted portion to the “steel plate volume” and T1 and T2.
- T1 is 0.4 mm and T2 is 0.3 mm. This value is appropriate for the amount of penetration of the steel plate part 8 in the thickness direction and the thickness of the base material 17.
- the gap C between the vicinity of the outer periphery of the enlarged diameter portion 3 and the surface of the steel plate part 8 is such that no bubbles are enclosed by the coating liquid after welding is completed. Is kept.
- This gap C is 0.5 mm. Further, the size of the gap C can be adjusted to 0.4 mm or 0.6 mm by changing the welding conditions such as the applied pressure, the current value, and the energizing time.
- Correlation lines T1 and T2 in FIG. 5 are formed by connecting the values of T1 and T2 obtained by sequentially changing the volume ratio in this way.
- T1 and T2 can be set to various values by changing the volume ratio.
- T1 is excessive, that is, in the thickness direction of the melted portion 14.
- the amount of penetration may be insufficient, or only the central part of the initial melting part 4A may be melted and the entire initial melting part may not be melted. Therefore, a predetermined welding strength cannot be ensured. That is, the volume ratio 0.08 is the lower limit predetermined value.
- T1 becomes too small, so that the thickness of the base material 17 becomes extremely small, or T1 becomes substantially zero, and a predetermined welding strength is ensured. It will not be possible. That is, the volume ratio of 0.20 is the upper limit predetermined value.
- T1 and T2 corresponding to the lower limit predetermined value 0.08 are 0.62 mm and 0.56 mm, respectively.
- T1 and T2 corresponding to the upper limit predetermined value 0.20 are 0.18 mm and 0.11 mm, respectively.
- the plate thickness is 0.65 mm.
- the thickness is within the range of 0.6 mm to 1 mm. It was confirmed that T1 and T2 can be properly secured in the thin plate.
- the volume of the main melting part 4B is about 58.54 mm 3 with respect to the volume of 6.79 mm 3 of the initial melting part 4A. From the viewpoint that the heat of fusion from the main melting part 4B is supplied to the steel plate part 8 in a complementary manner via the initial melting part 4A, the volume of the initial melting part 4A is 10 to 20% of the volume of the main melting part 4B. It is preferable to set in the range. If it is 10%, melting heat can be sufficiently supplied, and the strength and rigidity of the root portion of the shaft portion 2 can be sufficiently maintained. On the other hand, if it exceeds 20%, the melting heat supply may become excessive, and the material of the root portion of the shaft portion 2 becomes excessive, which is disadvantageous in terms of cost.
- the shape of the initial melting portion 4A is a conical shape having a tapered portion 6 and a top portion 7, but may be a spherical shape instead.
- a portion corresponding to the top portion 7 is pressed against the steel plate part 8, and melting is started from this pressed portion.
- the other welding processes are the same as those of the conical shape.
- Example 1 The important point in Example 1 is the point at which the volume of the initial melted part 4A corresponds to the volume of the steel plate part 8.
- the volume of the steel plate component 8 having the same diameter as that of the circular initial melting portion 4A is made to correspond.
- the volume of the steel plate part 8 having the same diameter as that of the circular initial melting part 4A is a part that is most directly affected by heat with respect to the melting start of the initial melting part 4A. In this way, by separating the steel plate part 8 as a circular portion corresponding to the initial melting part 4A, the thermal influence from the initial melting part 4A side can be quantitatively specified.
- the volume of the initial melting portion 4A relative to the volume of the steel plate component 8 having the same diameter as the circular initial melting portion 4A directly affects the melting region of the steel plate component 8, and a good molten state of the steel plate component 8 is obtained. It is secured.
- the shape before melting of the initial melting portion 4A is a flat conical shape, but the conical shape disappears at the initial stage of melting, and a flat melting region (integrated with the melting portion of the surface portion of the steel plate part 8) ( 4C). Due to the phenomenon that the melting heat of the main melting part 4B is added to the steel plate part 8, that is, the melting heat of the main melting part 4B is transferred to the steel plate part 8 via the initial melting part 4A. The melting heat of the main melting portion 4B is transmitted to the flat melting region, and then is transferred to the non-melting region of the steel plate component 8, so that the melting range of the steel plate component 8 is appropriately expanded.
- the ratio of the volume of the initial melting portion 4A to the “steel plate volume” is 0.08, at which the melting amount in the thickness direction of the steel plate component 8 becomes the lower limit predetermined value by the fusion heat addition of the main melting portion 4B. Since welding is performed in a state where the melting amount in the plate thickness direction of the steel plate part 8 is set to 0.20 which does not exceed the upper limit predetermined value by adding the heat of fusion of the main melting portion 4B, the melting portion 14 and the structure in the vicinity thereof The change portion 15 is not formed over the entire plate thickness, and the unmelted base material portion 17 is left between the structure change portion 15 in the vicinity of the melting portion 14 and the steel plate surface.
- the base material portion 17 fulfills the function of maintaining the strength as the steel plate part 8, and the weld joint strength of the bolt 1 can be sufficiently secured.
- the bonding strength of this boundary area portion can be kept high, and even if an external force in the bending direction acts on the bolt 1. No cracks occur.
- the volume of the initial melting part 4A is set in the range of 10 to 20% of the volume of the main melting part 4B, and if 10%, the melting heat can be sufficiently supplied from the main melting part 4B to the steel plate part 8, The strength and rigidity of the root portion of the shaft portion 2 can be sufficiently maintained.
- a gap is left between the vicinity of the outer periphery of the enlarged diameter portion and the surface of the steel sheet component, the lower surface of the enlarged diameter portion forming the void, the outer peripheral surface of the main melting portion, and the exposed portion of the melting portion
- the coating liquid can be adhered to the surface of the steel plate component by discharging the air in the gap.
- the gap C between the outer periphery of the enlarged diameter portion 3 and the surface of the steel plate part is too narrow, the fluidity of the coating liquid in the gap C cannot be obtained due to the viscosity of the coating liquid. Will be contained in the coating liquid without being discharged. There is a problem that rust is generated due to the enclosed air.
- the air in the gap C is discharged, and the coating liquid is applied to the lower surface of the enlarged diameter part 3 forming the gap C, the outer peripheral surface of the main melting part 4B, the exposed part of the melting point 14, the steel plate part 8, etc. It adheres to the surface (refer to FIG. 4D) and bubbles are not enclosed, and the above-mentioned problem of rust generation is solved.
- FIGS. 1A, 1B, 2 and FIGS. 6 to 9 show Example 2 of the present invention based on “pressure utilization”. 1A, 1B, 2 and 6 are also common to the first embodiment in the second embodiment. In addition, FIGS. 7A to 7D reproduce the same figures as FIGS. 4A to 4D for easy reading.
- the shape of the iron projection bolt 1 is shown in FIG. 1A.
- the bolt 1 includes a shaft portion 2 on which a male screw is formed, a circular enlarged diameter portion 3 formed integrally with the shaft portion 2 and having a diameter larger than the diameter of the shaft portion 2, and the shaft portion 2. Is formed by a circular welding protrusion 4 arranged in the center of the enlarged diameter portion on the opposite side.
- Reference numeral 5 denotes a male screw formed on the outer peripheral surface of the shaft portion 2 and has a valley portion and a mountain portion.
- the welding protrusion 4 is composed of an initial melting portion 4A and a main melting portion 4B as shown in FIGS. 1A and 7A.
- the initial fusion part 4A is a flat conical part formed by providing a taper part 6 with a small taper inclination angle at the outer peripheral side of the end face of the welding projection 4 to be lowered.
- a sharp top portion 7 is formed at the center of the initial melting portion 4A.
- the main melting part 4B is a truncated cone shaped part formed in a state of being connected to the initial melting part 4A. Since the bolt 1 is subjected to mold molding, roll processing, and the like, when observed in an enlarged manner, the top portion 7 actually has a slightly rounded shape instead of a sharply pointed shape.
- FIG. 1B shows the dimensions and inclination angles of each part to facilitate understanding of the dimensional state of the example.
- the diameter (crest diameter) of the shaft portion 2 is 5.5 mm
- the length of the shaft portion 2 is 24.5 mm
- the diameter and thickness of the enlarged diameter portion 3 are 13.2 mm and 1.0 mm, respectively. It is.
- the diameter of the end face (tapered portion 6) of the welding protrusion 4 is 9.0 mm
- the height (thickness) of the initial melting portion 4A is 0.32 mm
- the height (thickness) of the main melting portion 4B is 0.00.
- the inclination angle ⁇ of 9 mm and the taper portion 6 is 4.5 degrees.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the bolt 1 is welded to the steel plate part 8.
- the movable electrode 9 is advanced and retracted by an air cylinder or an advancing / retracting output type electric motor (not shown).
- a receiving hole 10 is opened in the longitudinal direction of the movable electrode 9 at the center of the end face, and a permanent magnet 11 is attached to the inner part.
- the steel plate component 8 is placed on a fixed electrode 12 arranged coaxially with the movable electrode 9.
- FIG. 2 shows a state in which the movable electrode 9 holding the bolt 1 has advanced and the welding projection 4 is being pressed against the steel plate component 8.
- the top portion 7 and the tapered portion 6 in the vicinity thereof are recessed into the surface of the steel plate component 8 by this pressurization, although not shown.
- the tip end portion of the taper portion 6 of the initial melting portion 4A slightly bites into the surface of the steel plate component 8, and the contact area between the welding projection 4 and the steel plate component 8 is increased. In this state, a welding current is applied and welding to the steel plate part 8 is performed.
- the plate thickness of the steel plate component 8 is in the range of 0.6 mm to 1 mm.
- the applied pressure by the movable electrode 9, that is, the applied pressure of the welding projection 4 to the steel plate part 8 is 2300 N
- the welding current is 14000 A
- the energization time is 8 cycles.
- the energization time of 8 cycles is the time from the start of energization to the start of melting of the initial melted part 4A after the elapse of a predetermined time and the subsequent end of melting of the main melted part 4B.
- One cycle is 1/60 second.
- the setting range of each condition is a pressure of 2000 to 3000 N, a welding current of 10,000 to 15000 A, and an energization time of 5 to 10 cycles.
- FIGS. 7A to 7D show the welding process. Although FIGS. 7A to 7C are cross-sectional views, hatching of the cross-sectional portions is not shown for easy viewing.
- board thickness of the steel plate component 8 here is 0.65 mm, and is a normal high-tensile steel plate.
- FIG. 7A is an initial stage of energization in which a welding current is energized in the pressed state of FIG. 2, and the vicinity of the top portion 7 and the corresponding steel plate part 8 (disk portion 8A) are slightly melted. This melting point is indicated by reference numeral 14.
- the liquefied molten metal in the molten portion 14 is in a state of being confined between the initial melting portion 4A and the non-melting portion of the steel plate part 8 because the pressing force of the movable electrode 9 acts.
- the melted portion 14 expands into a circular shape in the radial direction by a substantially planar melting range due to the inclination angle of the tapered portion 6. This expanded transient is shown in FIG. 7B. Also here, the melting point 14 is in a state of being confined between the initial melting part 4A and the non-melting part of the steel plate part 8.
- the melting of the main melting portion 4B is started simultaneously following the melting of the entire initial melting portion 4A.
- the entire surface of the steel plate part 8 corresponding to the circular range of the initial melted part 4A, that is, the part close to the surface of the disk part 8A is melted by the melting of the initial melted part 4A.
- the main melting portion 4B is not melted in the entire thickness direction, but is in a range from one half to one third as viewed in the thickness direction of the main melting portion 4B. Is melted.
- the above-mentioned welding conditions such as the applied pressure, current value, and energization time are determined so that melting in such a range is performed in the main melting portion 4B.
- the shape before melting of the initial melting portion 4A is a flat conical shape as shown in the figure, but the conical shape disappears at the initial stage of melting and becomes integrated with the melting portion of the surface portion of the steel plate part 8. It is a flat melting zone 14.
- FIG. 7D is a partial enlarged cross-sectional view showing the structure state after the completion of welding, and the blacked-out portion is the melted portion 14, which is the above-described nugget. And the part which appears in the vicinity of the fusion
- the tissue change portion 15 is shown with a satin finish in the drawing.
- Reference numeral 16 denotes a non-melting portion in the disc portion 8A, which is formed by the structure changing portion 15 and the base material 17 of the steel plate not subjected to thermal influence, and the thickness thereof is indicated by T1.
- the thickness of the base material 17 alone is indicated by T2.
- board thickness of the steel plate component 8 is 0.65 mm as mentioned above.
- the circular area of the initial melting part 4A is 63.59 mm 2 calculated from the diameter dimension 9 mm shown in FIG. 1B.
- the ratio of the circular area of the initial melted portion to the plate thickness of the steel plate component that is, the “plate thickness area ratio” is 97.83.
- the plate thickness of 0.65 mm is changed to 0.7 mm and the “plate thickness area ratio” is obtained, it is 90.81.
- the thickness T1 of the non-molten portion 16 is 0.62 mm
- the thickness T2 of the material 17 was 0.55 mm.
- the thickness T1 of the non-molten portion 16 is 0.55 mm and the thickness of the base material 17 T2 was 0.48 mm.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relationship between the ratio of the circular area of the initial melted portion to the plate thickness of the steel plate part (“plate thickness area ratio”) and T1, T2.
- T1 and T2 in the case of “plate thickness area ratio” 90.81 and 97.83 are as described above. These values are appropriate in terms of the amount of penetration in the thickness direction of the steel plate part 8 and the thickness of the base material 17.
- the gap C between the vicinity of the outer periphery of the enlarged diameter portion 3 and the surface of the steel plate part 8 is such that no bubbles are enclosed by the coating liquid after welding is completed. Is kept.
- This gap C is 0.5 mm. Further, the size of the gap C can be adjusted to 0.4 mm or 0.6 mm by changing the welding conditions such as the applied pressure, the current value, and the energizing time.
- the diameter of the initial melting part 4A is 9 mm
- the plate thickness is 0.7 mm
- the “plate thickness area ratio” is 90.81.
- the thickness T1 of the non-melting portion 16 is 0.55 mm
- the thickness T2 of the base material 17 is 0.48 mm
- 8C and 8D the diameter of the initial melted portion is 6.5 mm
- the plate thickness is 0.7 mm
- the “plate thickness area ratio” is 47.38.
- the thickness T1 of the non-melting portion 16 is 0.24 mm
- the thickness T2 of the base material 17 is 0.18 mm.
- 8A to 8D are cross-sectional views, but hatching is not described for easy understanding.
- the melting process from FIGS. 8A to 8B is the same as that described with reference to FIGS. 7A to 7D.
- the melted portion 14 is confined between the main melted portion 4B and the non-melted portion 16 of the thin steel plate, and the pressure of the molten metal is maintained high by the movable electrode 9 moving forward under pressure.
- the pressure of the molten metal is kept low. By such a pressure state, the progress of melting in the thickness direction of the thin steel plate is alleviated, and excessive melting is avoided. That is, in FIGS. 8A to 8B, the ratio of the melting area to the plate thickness of the thin steel plate is large.
- the melting process from FIG. 8C to 8D is the same as described according to FIGS. 7A to 7D.
- the melted portion 14 is confined between the main melted portion 4B and the non-melted portion 16 of the thin steel plate, and the pressure of the molten metal is maintained high by the movable electrode 9 moving forward under pressure.
- the pressure of the molten metal is maintained high.
- the progress of melting in the thickness direction of the thin steel plate is promoted, and the melting depth is increased. That is, in FIGS. 8C to 8D, the ratio of the melting area to the plate thickness of the thin steel plate is small.
- the internal pressure of the liquefied metal is kept high. For this reason, the amount of heat per unit area transferred from the molten metal to the non-molten portion of the thin steel plate is increased, and the amount of penetration in the thickness direction of the non-molten portion is increased.
- the thickness of the steel plate part is obtained by obtaining an appropriate melting depth by preventing abnormal melting, that is, melting of the entire plate thickness. .6 mm to 1 mm.
- abnormal melting that is, melting of the entire plate thickness. .6 mm to 1 mm.
- the upper limit predetermined value is less than 45.
- the lower limit predetermined value is a value not exceeding 105.
- the welding strength test of the bolt 1 welded with the “plate thickness area ratio” as 90.81 and 97.83 described above was performed. As shown in FIG. 6, as a result of a test in which the steel plate part 8 is fixed with a jig (not shown) and the bolt 1 is pulled in the axial direction, the base material 17 and the melted portion 14 are broken from the steel plate part 8 in a sheared state. Then, it is recognized that the hole 8B corresponds to the disk portion 8A, and it is determined that the welding strength is sufficient. This breakage occurs when the pulling force is in the range of 3000 to 3500N.
- the shape of the initial melting portion 4A is a conical shape having a tapered portion 6 and a top portion 7, but may be a spherical shape instead.
- a portion corresponding to the top portion 7 is pressed against the steel plate part 8, and melting is started from this pressed portion.
- the other welding processes are the same as those of the conical shape.
- plate thickness area ratio When the ratio of the circular area of the initial melting portion 4A to the plate thickness of the steel plate part 8 (“plate thickness area ratio”) is set to 100, for example, the ratio of the melt area to the plate thickness of the thin steel plate 8 is large. It becomes. Since such a wide area of the molten metal 14 in a large area is placed in a pressurized state, the internal pressure of the liquefied metal is kept low. For this reason, the amount of heat per unit area transferred from the molten metal 14 to the non-molten portion 16 of the steel plate 8 is reduced, and the amount of penetration of the non-molten portion 16 in the thickness direction is reduced.
- the melting range in the surface direction of the thin steel plate 8 is increased, the heat of fusion is transmitted from the long outer periphery to a wide area, and the amount of heat toward the plate thickness direction is reduced, so that the melting progresses in the plate thickness direction. Is alleviated. Therefore, when the ratio of the circular area of the initial melted portion 4A to the plate thickness of the steel plate component 8 is set as large as 100, the progress of penetration in the plate thickness direction is relaxed, and excessive melting can be prevented, The welding strength of the projection bolt 1 is maintained properly.
- the “plate thickness area ratio” is set to 50, for example, the ratio of the molten area to the plate thickness of the thin steel plate 8 becomes small. Since the molten metal 14 in such a narrow area having a small area is placed in a pressurized state, the internal pressure of the liquefied metal is kept high. For this reason, the amount of heat per unit area transmitted from the molten metal 14 to the non-molten portion 16 of the steel plate 8 is increased, and the amount of penetration of the non-molten portion 16 in the plate thickness direction is increased.
- the melting range in the surface direction of the thin steel plate 8 is reduced, the heat of fusion is transmitted from the short outer periphery to the narrow region, the amount of heat toward the plate thickness direction is increased, and the progress of penetration in the plate thickness direction is increased. Promoted. Therefore, when the above-mentioned “plate thickness area ratio” is set to be as small as 50, the progress of penetration in the plate thickness direction is promoted, the melt depth becomes large, and the welding strength of the projection bolt 1 is appropriate. To be kept.
- the phenomenon described above is such that the molten metal 14 is contained between the initial molten portion 4A and the non-molten portion 16 of the thin steel plate 8 in the early stage of melting, and the main molten portion 4B in the later stage of melting. Since it is in a state of being confined between the non-melting portions 16 of the thin steel plate, the pressure state of the liquefied metal influences the progress of melting of the non-melting portion 16. That is, an important point is that a high-pressure molten metal actively conducts heat to the non-molten portion 16 and a low-pressure molten metal slowly conducts heat to the non-molten portion 16. Since such a phenomenon is developed as in the “plate thickness area ratio” exemplified above, excessive melting and under-melting in the plate thickness direction can be prevented, and appropriate welding strength can be ensured.
- the above-mentioned “melting heat addition” or “pressure utilization” can prevent over-melting or under-melting of a thin steel sheet, and electric resistance welding can be performed with a bolt in a good state. It can be used in a wide range of industrial fields, such as car body welding processes and sheet metal welding processes for home appliances.
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Abstract
Description
前記一対の電極は、プロジェクションボルトを保持する電極と鋼板部品が載置される電極が同軸で配置された状態で構成され、
溶融初期の段階で平たい溶融域となった初期溶融部に主溶融部の溶融熱を加算するか、または、主溶融部と鋼板部品の非溶融部との間に封じ込められた溶融金属の圧力によって鋼板部品の溶融を進行させることによって鋼板部品の板厚方向における過剰溶融や過少溶融を防止し、
溶接完了後において、前記拡径部の外周近傍と鋼板部品表面との間に、空隙を存置させて、前記空隙を形成する拡径部の下面、主溶融部の外周面、溶融箇所の露出部、鋼板部品の表面などに、該空隙内の空気を排出して塗料液が付着できるようにすることを特徴とするプロジェクションボルトの溶接方法が提供される。
2 軸部
3 拡径部
4 溶着用突起
4A 初期溶融部
4B 主溶融部
6 テーパ部
7 頂部
8 鋼板部品
8A 円板部分
8B 抜け穴
14 溶融箇所(溶融金属または溶融域)
15 組織変化部分(熱影響部)
16 非溶融部
17 母材部分
T1 非溶融部の厚さ寸法
T2 母材部分の厚さ寸法
C 空隙
Claims (3)
- 雄ねじが形成された軸部と、この軸部と一体的に形成され軸部の直径よりも大径とされた円形の拡径部と、端面に外周側が低くなる小さな傾斜角のテーパ部を有する円形の初期溶融部とこの初期溶融部に連なる主溶融部からなるとともに前記軸部とは反対側の拡径部中央に配置されている円形の溶着用突起によって形成されたプロジェクションボルトを、一対の電極間で前記溶着用突起を薄鋼板製の鋼板部品に加圧した状態で、当該鋼板部品に電気抵抗溶接で溶接するものであり、
前記一対の電極は、プロジェクションボルトを保持する電極と鋼板部品が載置される電極が同軸で配置された状態で構成され、
溶融初期の段階で平たい溶融域となった初期溶融部に主溶融部の溶融熱を加算するか、または、主溶融部と鋼板部品の非溶融部との間に封じ込められた溶融金属の圧力によって鋼板部品の溶融を進行させることによって鋼板部品の板厚方向における過剰溶融や過少溶融を防止し、
溶接完了後において、前記拡径部の外周近傍と鋼板部品表面との間に、空隙を存置させて、前記空隙を形成する拡径部の下面、主溶融部の外周面、溶融箇所の露出部、鋼板部品の表面などに、該空隙内の空気を排出して塗料液が付着できるようにすることを特徴とするプロジェクションボルトの溶接方法。 - 前記溶融初期の段階で平たい溶融域となった初期溶融部に主溶融部の溶融熱を加算することを、円形の初期溶融部と同じ直径の鋼板部品の体積に対する初期溶融部の体積の比を選定して行うか、または、前記主溶融部と鋼板部品の非溶融部との間に封じ込められた溶融金属の圧力によって鋼板部品の溶融を進行させることを、鋼板部品の板厚に対する初期溶融部の円形面積の比を選定して行う請求項1記載のプロジェクションボルトの溶接方法。
- 前記円形の初期溶融部と同じ直径の鋼板部品の体積に対する初期溶融部の体積の比が、0.08~0.20とされているか、または、前記鋼板部品の板厚に対する初期溶融部の円形面積の比が、45~105とされている請求項2記載のプロジェクションボルトの溶接方法。
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US14/901,325 US10646952B2 (en) | 2013-07-02 | 2014-05-27 | Projection bolt welding method |
CA2916590A CA2916590C (en) | 2013-07-02 | 2014-05-27 | Projection bolt welding method |
EP14820353.2A EP3017903B1 (en) | 2013-07-02 | 2014-05-27 | Projection bolt welding method |
CN201480035898.4A CN105339122B (zh) | 2013-07-02 | 2014-05-27 | 凸出螺栓的焊接方法 |
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JP2013170770A JP5532466B1 (ja) | 2013-08-01 | 2013-08-01 | 薄鋼板へのプロジェクションボルト溶接方法 |
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US20190201998A1 (en) * | 2013-10-04 | 2019-07-04 | Structural Services, Inc. | Machine vision robotic stud welder |
EP3928909A1 (de) | 2017-01-30 | 2021-12-29 | Newfrey LLC | Schweisselement und schweissverfahren zum verbinden eines schweisselements mit einem werkstück |
DE102018206074A1 (de) * | 2018-04-20 | 2019-10-24 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Schweißelektrode sowie Verfahren zum elektrischen Verschweißen einer Kugel |
CN109578420A (zh) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-04-05 | 佛山市巨隆金属制品有限公司 | 焊接铝螺母及其焊接方法 |
US11383319B2 (en) | 2019-09-05 | 2022-07-12 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method of joining steel having different resistivities |
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US10646952B2 (en) | 2020-05-12 |
CN105339122A (zh) | 2016-02-17 |
CN105339122B (zh) | 2018-02-23 |
EP3017903A1 (en) | 2016-05-11 |
EP3017903B1 (en) | 2023-07-12 |
EP3017903A4 (en) | 2017-03-22 |
CA2916590A1 (en) | 2015-01-08 |
US20160136752A1 (en) | 2016-05-19 |
CA2916590C (en) | 2022-03-29 |
HUE063230T2 (hu) | 2024-01-28 |
ZA201508663B (en) | 2019-10-30 |
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