WO2014180282A1 - Solar vehicle sunroof and manufacturing method therefor - Google Patents

Solar vehicle sunroof and manufacturing method therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014180282A1
WO2014180282A1 PCT/CN2014/076728 CN2014076728W WO2014180282A1 WO 2014180282 A1 WO2014180282 A1 WO 2014180282A1 CN 2014076728 W CN2014076728 W CN 2014076728W WO 2014180282 A1 WO2014180282 A1 WO 2014180282A1
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Prior art keywords
glass
sunroof
solar
thin film
electrode
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PCT/CN2014/076728
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
杨立友
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上海硕拉投资管理合伙企业（有限合伙）
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Publication of WO2014180282A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014180282A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
    • H01L31/036—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes
    • H01L31/0392—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including thin films deposited on metallic or insulating substrates ; characterised by specific substrate materials or substrate features or by the presence of intermediate layers, e.g. barrier layers, on the substrate
    • H01L31/03926—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including thin films deposited on metallic or insulating substrates ; characterised by specific substrate materials or substrate features or by the presence of intermediate layers, e.g. barrier layers, on the substrate comprising a flexible substrate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/0224—Electrodes
    • H01L31/022466—Electrodes made of transparent conductive layers, e.g. TCO, ITO layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
    • H01L31/036—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes
    • H01L31/0392—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including thin films deposited on metallic or insulating substrates ; characterised by specific substrate materials or substrate features or by the presence of intermediate layers, e.g. barrier layers, on the substrate
    • H01L31/03921—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including thin films deposited on metallic or insulating substrates ; characterised by specific substrate materials or substrate features or by the presence of intermediate layers, e.g. barrier layers, on the substrate including only elements of Group IV of the Periodic System
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H01L31/0488—Double glass encapsulation, e.g. photovoltaic cells arranged between front and rear glass sheets
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • Solar energy is an inexhaustible new clean energy source. Compared with other new energy sources such as wind energy and nuclear energy, solar energy is suitable for large-scale grid-connected power generation because of the ubiquity of sunlight! It is also very suitable for distributed, small-scale applications.
  • the earliest small-scale applications of solar photovoltaic power generation can be traced back to solar panels on satellites.
  • solar panels are often placed on the roof of a building or installed on a variety of vehicles to supplement the daily energy consumption.
  • the solar panels used in automobiles are the most common, and the related technologies that are emerging one after another are disclosed by patents, and the typical ones are as follows: US Patent No. US2.0060073044, which is fixed on the window of a car.
  • the solar panel drives the fan in the vehicle to work, which can reduce the temperature inside the vehicle.
  • the US Patent No. US20120132245 proposes to bond a plurality of solar cells having a flexible substrate to the window glass to eliminate The weight that the car bears when placing solar panels on the roof.
  • the technology disclosed in the above patents utilizes a conventional crystalline silicon cell structure to insulate and divide the battery on the glass or the flexible polymer lining V3 ⁇ 4, the process is complicated, and the degree of integration with the automobile body is not high, which affects the overall automobile.
  • Beautiful. Thicker glass substrates, polymer substrates, and crystalline silicon have poor light transmission properties, and when combined with automotive windows, the brightness of the interior of the vehicle is reduced.
  • Thin-film solar cells have many advantages such as beautiful appearance, high degree of automation, flexibility, and transparency.
  • Thin film solar energy The combination of the battery and the sunroof of the car makes the process simpler, and also integrates the solar module with the car, improving the overall aesthetics.
  • As a thin film solar panel that can be used for a sunroof of a vehicle on the one hand, it is required to have good light transmittance to ensure the illumination brightness of the compartment, and on the other hand, it is required to have good bending performance, so as to be curved with the curved structure of the automobile sunroof glass. Closely fit.
  • the substrate of the thin film solar cell must be both transparent and bendable.
  • the substrate of the thin film solar panel can be selected according to specific requirements of any one of glass, polymer, ceramic and graphite, wherein the glass is a transparent substrate and has good light transmittance, and can be used for manufacturing transparent thin film solar cells, but existing
  • the thickness of the glass substrate selected by the thin film solar cell technology is generally greater than 3 mm, and has no bendability; and the polymer is a flexible substrate, which is easy to bend and fold, and is generally used for manufacturing flexible thin film solar panels, but polymers.
  • the substrate does not have both light transmission and high temperature resistance, that is, it cannot withstand 200. Above the process temperature of C, it is difficult to deposit a battery film thereon.
  • the existing thin film solar panel manufacturing equipment and processes are mostly built on a flat substrate, such as flat float glass, which makes the direct fabrication of thin film solar cells with a certain curvature. Difficulties. If a thin film solar panel is to be processed by performing a uniform coating on a curved substrate, it is necessary to make major changes to the coating equipment and process, which not only greatly increases the cost, but also has different bending structure faces. The shape and curvature of the arc, resulting in the adaptation of the design and process to the skylight glass of different bending amplitudes also have four limitations.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a solar vehicle sunroof, wherein the substrate of the thin film solar panel included in the solar vehicle sunroof has high flexibility and light transmittance, so that The solar vehicle sunroof has good light transmission and is easy to be processed, and has a uniform structure with uniform hooks.
  • the sunroof comprises a sunroof glass and a thin film solar panel, the thin film solar panel comprising a substrate, a first electrode on the substrate, a photoelectric conversion layer on the first electrode, and the photoelectric conversion layer a second electrode and a gate electrode, the substrate is an ultra-thin glass substrate, the ultra-thin glass substrate has a thickness of 0.11 mm, and the ultra-thin glass substrate has flexibility, and the minimum bending radius thereof is Up to 10 cm or less, the first electrode is continuously disposed on the substrate during formation.
  • the solar photovoltaic sunroof disclosed by the present invention has the beneficial effects that: the ultra-thin glass substrate having a thickness of 0,11 mm has an effect of increasing light transmittance, thereby improving light transmittance of the thin film solar panel, thereby The solar cell sunroof has good light transmittance; the transmittance of the photoelectric conversion layer is also increased by increasing the light transmittance of the substrate, and the efficiency of the thin film solar cell is higher than that of the existing thin film solar energy.
  • the battery is 1-2% higher; the ultra-thin glass substrate has better bendability, and can be conveniently used for fabricating solar vehicle sunroofs of various bending widths; the first electrode is continuously disposed on the substrate, Compared with the conventional method of dividing a plurality of battery blocks by using an insulating material on a substrate, the process is simple, and when applied to a solar vehicle sunroof, it can be closely combined with the curved sunroof glass to form a uniform and continuous integrated structure, which is more beautiful. Compared with the polymer substrate, the ultra-thin glass substrate also has the advantages of high temperature resistance and good environmental corrosion resistance.
  • the ultra-thin glass substrate has a bending radius of more than 30 cm, and the ultra-thin glass substrate has a thickness of 0.35 imm.
  • the beneficial effect is that, in the case that the required bending radius can be achieved, Thicker ultra-thin glass should be used as the substrate to increase the strength of the thin film solar panel.
  • the first electrode is a fully transparent film
  • the second electrode is a non-transparent film.
  • the first and second transparent electrodes have the same light transmittance and are all transparent films.
  • the materials of the first and second electrodes are transparent conductive oxides, and the transparent conductive oxide comprises one of zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium tin oxide and graphene.
  • the photoelectric conversion layer comprises one or more of amorphous silicon, microcrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon and single crystal silicon thin film, and the amorphous silicon, polycrystalline silicon or single crystal silicon thin film is formed to comprise a p-n or A single junction structure of a pin junction, or a multi-junction structure containing multiple p-n or p-i-n junctions.
  • the photoelectric conversion layer comprises one or more of a cadmium telluride film, a copper indium gallium tin film, and an organic semiconductor film.
  • the substrate has a bending radius greater than 1 m.
  • the skylight glass has a lower surface facing the inside of the vehicle and an upper surface facing the outside of the vehicle
  • the thin film solar panel is disposed on an upper surface of the skylight glass
  • the photoelectric conversion layer includes a P-type layer And an N-type layer, the P-type layer being disposed adjacent to the first electrode.
  • the sunroof glass has a lower surface facing the inside of the vehicle and an upper surface facing the outside of the vehicle
  • the thin film solar panel is disposed on a lower surface of the sunroof glass
  • the photoelectric conversion layer includes a P-type layer, N a type layer, the N-type layer being disposed adjacent to the first electrode.
  • the beneficial effect is that, since the mobility of electrons in the amorphous silicon film is greater than the mobility of the holes, in the photoelectric conversion layer including the p-I-N junction, the P-type layer is disposed on the side receiving the sunlight.
  • the electrons generated in the P-type layer will be collected by the electrodes at a greater distance across the I-layer, and the holes can be directly collected by the electrodes adjacent to the P-type layer, thereby increasing the collection rate of holes, thereby improving The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery.
  • the ultra-thin glass substrate has a thickness greater than 00,005 mm for increasing the mechanical strength of the thin film solar panel.
  • the ultra-thin glass substrate is a chemically tempered glass for The mechanical strength of the thin film solar panel is increased.
  • the gate electrode is connected to a vehicle power supply system and a load thereof through a wire, and the negative
  • the load includes at least one of a fan, a light, and an electronic entertainment system within the passenger compartment.
  • the sunroof glass is a rigid glass having a certain bending amplitude.
  • the sunroof glass is a rigid glass, a position of the thin film solar panel and the sunroof.
  • the sunroof glass is a rigid glass having no bending amplitude
  • the thin film solar battery panel is installed at a position corresponding to the sunroof glass.
  • the thin film solar panel has the same bending amplitude as the sunroof glass.
  • the invention also provides a method for manufacturing a solar vehicle sunroof, comprising the following steps:
  • the first electrode, the photoelectric conversion layer and the second electrode are respectively scribed by a laser to divide the thin film battery into a plurality of d, and connected in series and in parallel;
  • the thin film solar panel in the solar vehicle sunroof provided by the invention is continuous in the formation process of each layer of the film, but is cut into smaller battery cells by laser reticle in step S3 after the coating is completed. Therefore, the manufacturing process is simpler, the preparation efficiency is improved, and the film is too
  • the solar panel fits snugly into the curved skylight glass, providing an integrated structure for a more aesthetic appearance.
  • the solar cell sunroof provided by the invention provides a solar cell panel with a flexible ultra-thin glass substrate and a skylight glass directly combined by a bending process to form a solid solar panel with a certain curvature, The ultra-thin glass substrate is still in a flat form during the coating process, and the process conditions do not need to be changed.
  • the manufacturing method of the solar vehicle sunroof provided by the present invention is suitable for manufacturing solar vehicle sunroof of various bending widths.
  • the thin film solar panel is bonded to the skylight glass using a lamination process.
  • the thin film solar panel is bonded to the sunroof glass using a bonding process.
  • the first electrode is a fully transparent film
  • the second electrode is a non-translucent film.
  • the first and second electrodes have the same light transmittance and are all transparent films.
  • the materials of the first and second electrodes are transparent conductive oxides
  • the transparent conductive oxides include zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium tin oxide and graphite.
  • the process temperature for preparing the first and second electrodes is less than 600. C, to avoid deformation of the ultra-thin glass substrate.
  • the first and second electrodes are prepared by an LPCVD or APCVD method.
  • the photoelectric conversion layer comprises one or more of amorphous silicon, microcrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon and single crystal silicon thin film, and the amorphous silicon, microcrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon or single crystal silicon thin film is formed to comprise one A single junction structure of a pn junction or a pin junction, or a multijunction structure comprising a plurality of p-n junctions and p-i ⁇ junctions.
  • the process temperature for preparing the photoelectric conversion layer is lower than 600 ° C to avoid deformation of the ultra-thin glass substrate.
  • the photoelectric conversion layer is prepared by a PECVD method.
  • the photoelectric conversion layer comprises one or more of a cadmium telluride film, a copper indium gallium tin film, and an organic semiconductor film.
  • the sunroof glass has a lower surface facing the inside of the vehicle and an upper surface facing the outside of the vehicle.
  • the thin film solar cell panel is disposed on an upper surface of the skylight glass, and the photoelectric conversion layer includes a P-type layer and an N-type layer, and the P-type layer is disposed adjacent to the first electrode.
  • the ultra-thin glass substrate has a thickness greater than 0.5 mm for increasing the mechanical strength of the thin film solar panel.
  • the ultra-thin glass substrate is a chemically tempered glass for increasing the mechanical strength of the thin film solar panel.
  • the sunroof glass has a lower surface facing the inside of the vehicle and an upper surface facing the outside of the vehicle
  • the thin film solar panel is disposed on a lower surface of the skylight glass
  • the photoelectric conversion layer includes a P-type layer And an N-type layer disposed adjacent to the first electrode.
  • the laminating process is carried out in an autoclave, which is a curved vacuum lamination process.
  • the material of the lamination process is EVA, PVB or ionomer resin.
  • the bonding process uses a Vertak adhesive produced by DuPont.
  • the gate electrode is connected to the vehicle power supply system and a load thereof through a wire, and the load includes at least one of a fan, an illumination lamp and an electronic entertainment system in the vehicle compartment.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a preferred embodiment of a thin film solar panel included in a solar vehicle sunroof disclosed in the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the light absorptivity and the wavelength of light of an ultrathin glass substrate of different thicknesses.
  • Figure 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the bending stress and the bending radius of two thin ultra-thin glass substrates.
  • Fig. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the bending stress and the bending radius of an ultrathin glass substrate of various thicknesses.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a preferred embodiment of the solar vehicle sunroof disclosed in the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing a solar vehicle sunroof disclosed in the following. Concrete real way
  • a solar vehicle sunroof comprising a skylight glass and a thin film solar panel
  • the thin film solar panel comprising a substrate, a first electrode on the substrate, and a photovoltaic on the first electrode a conversion layer, a second electrode and a gate electrode on the photoelectric conversion layer
  • the substrate being an ultra-thin glass substrate, the ultra-thin glass substrate having a thickness of 0.1 to 1 mm, the ultra-thin glass substrate
  • the first electrode is continuously disposed on the substrate during the formation process.
  • the thin film solar cell panel includes a substrate 10, a first electrode 20 on the substrate, a photoelectric conversion layer 30 on the first electrode, and a second electrode on the photoelectric conversion layer 30. 40, further comprising a gate electrode 50 on the second electrode.
  • the substrate 10 is an ultra-thin glass substrate having a thickness of 0,11 mm, and the ultra-thin glass substrate has flexibility, and the minimum bending radius is up to 10 cm or less.
  • the first electrode 20 is continuously disposed on the substrate 10 during formation thereof.
  • the photoelectric conversion layer 30 includes an amorphous silicon p-type layer 31, an amorphous silicon intrinsic layer 32, and an amorphous silicon n-type layer 33, a first electrode 20 and a second electrode. 4 () are made of zinc oxide material.
  • the substrate 10 is selected from a variety of ultra-thin glass products from Coming Incorporated, such as Lotus Glass, Willow Glass, and Gorilla Glass.
  • Figure 2 shows the relationship between the light transmittance of an ultra-thin glass and the wavelength of light.
  • the light transmittances of three ultra-thin glasses with thicknesses of 0.05 mm, 0.1 ram and 0.2 mm are the same as the wavelength of light, and the transmittance is in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 350 nm.
  • the increase of the wavelength of the wave is large and rapidly increases rapidly and increases; when the wavelength of the light wave is longer than the visible light band of 335500 nnmm, the increase of the transmittance rate increases greatly.
  • the thickness of the ultra-thin thin glass glass is thicker for a specific wave wavelength.
  • a general selection of glass glass with a thickness of 33..22mmmm is used as a lining. Bottom bottom, as can be known from the above conclusions, the transmittance rate of the short-wavelength long-light light is much smaller than that of the ultra-thin thin glass glass.
  • the light transmissive property of the thin film film battery cell is relatively poor. .
  • the selection of the ultra-thin thin glass glass as the lining substrate has the effect of increasing the transmission rate of the added light.
  • the thinner glass fiber glass is selected as the backing substrate, and the absorption rate of the photo-electrical electro-conversion conversion layer on the short-wavelength band light is also The higher the height, the higher the efficiency efficiency of the thin film film solar cell can be increased by 11-22%. .
  • Figure 33 shows the relationship between the bending stress and the bending radius of the ultra-thin thin glass glass with two thicknesses and thicknesses.
  • the ultra-thin thin glass glass with a thickness of 00, 22 mmmm has a corresponding bending stress corresponding to any bending radius of the radius.
  • the average is larger than the ultra-thin thin glass glass with a thickness of 00..11mmmm. . Therefore, the thicker thickness of the glass glass is smaller and smaller, and the corresponding stress should be smaller and smaller as the corresponding radius of the same radius bends. The more it is easier and easier to do the bending and bending work, the more it is not easy to easily break and crack. .
  • the bending stress should be close to 00, and only when the radius of the bend is less than IICCkkmm, when it is close to 55eemm, the bending stress should be It is markedly rising. .
  • the minimum and minimum bending radius will be defined as the threshold value of the glass glass in a certain fixed processing bar condition.
  • the semi-radius diameter of the bending moment should be the stress, and the smaller the minimum half-radius diameter, the better the cocoa bendability of the glass frit. .
  • the ultra-thin thin glass glazing material of the above-mentioned 00, 11 mmmm has the most optimal bending and bending property performance, and the minimum and small bending radius of the radius can reach up to 1100 ccmm. Below. .
  • the ultra-thin thin glass glass to make the substrate bottom 1100 is that it is convenient to use a thin film film of a flat plane surface.
  • the solar solar energy battery pool plate processing and processing is formed into a curved curved electric battery pool plate having a certain arc curvature, and the ultra-thin thin glass having a small thickness and a small thickness is formed.
  • the glass glass cocoa has good bending and bending properties, and thus it can be made into a solar solar cell panel with a semi-radius diameter of dd and ⁇ . .
  • the ultra-thin thin glass glass with a specific thickness and thickness is selected according to the specific body thickness, and the curvature rate of the curved and curved electric battery cell assembly component determined by the final end is selected, The greater the curvature rate, the smaller the curvature should be selected.
  • the thinner the thickness of the ultra-thin glass selected the smaller the strength, and it is easy to break under pressure or rain. At the same time, it is easy to break and reduce the life during the manufacturing process.
  • Thicker glass is used as the substrate to enhance the strength of the substrate 10.
  • ⁇ is the maximum surface bending tensile stress, which is the thickness of the ultra-thin glass, ? is the bending radius, and E is the Young's modulus of the glass.
  • Figure 4 shows the relationship between the bending stress and the bending radius of ultrathin glass of various thicknesses. Referring to Fig. 4, the ultra-thin glass having a thickness of 1 mm or less has excellent bendability. When the bending radius is 30 cm, the maximum surface bending tensile stress of the ultra-thin glass having a thickness of (), 5 mm is about 60 MPa, and the ultra-thin glass having a thickness of 0, 3 mm is about 30 MPa.
  • the Young's modulus of the glass is 90GPa, and the maximum surface bending stress is 52. 5MPa.
  • the intrinsic strength of the glass is about 200 MPa, in practical applications, the maximum surface bending tensile stress of the ultra-thin glass is required to be around 50 MPa to prevent breakage due to surface defects. Therefore, ultra-thin glass with a thickness of 0,35 mm can meet this requirement.
  • the ultra-thin glass substrate has a bending radius greater than 30 em, and thus the ultra-thin glass substrate has a thickness of 0.35 - imm.
  • the thickness of the ultra-thin glass substrate is greater than 0.5 mm, or the ultra-thin glass substrate is subjected to: chemical tempering
  • the orangutan glass produced by Corning can be used.
  • the substrate 10 has a bending radius greater than lm.
  • an ultra-thin glass of 1 mm may be selected as the substrate 10.
  • the ultra-thin glass substrate also has a high temperature resistance and good environmental corrosion resistance with respect to the polymer substrate.
  • the first electrode 20 is continuously disposed on the substrate 10. Compared with the conventional method of dividing a plurality of battery blocks with an insulating material on the substrate, the process is simple, and when applied to a curved component, the curved structure can be Closely integrated into one, more beautiful.
  • the first electrode 20 and the second electrode 40 have the same light transmittance and are all transparent films.
  • the fully permeable film allows more sunlight to pass through the sunroof or building glass, helping to increase the brightness of the interior or interior of the car.
  • the first electrode 20 over the substrate 10 is a fully transparent film and the second electrode 40 over the photoelectric conversion layer is a non-transparent film.
  • the use of the non-transparent film as the second electrode 40 helps to reflect the light transmitted through the photoelectric conversion layer back into the photoelectric conversion layer, thereby improving the light absorptivity and further improving the cell efficiency.
  • the materials of the first electrode 20 and the second electrode 40 are both transparent conductive oxides.
  • the first electrode 20 and the second electrode 40 are both zinc oxide films.
  • the first and second electrodes further include one of zinc oxide, tin oxide or graphene.
  • the photoelectric conversion layer 3 () includes one or more of amorphous silicon, microcrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, and single crystal silicon thin film, and the amorphous silicon, microcrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, or single crystal silicon thin film is formed to include one p- A single junction structure of n or p-i-n junctions, or a multi-junction structure comprising a plurality of p-n or p i-n junctions.
  • the photoelectric conversion layer comprises one or more of a cadmium telluride film, a copper indium gallium tin film, and an organic semiconductor film.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of a solar vehicle sunroof disclosed in the present invention.
  • the solar vehicle sunroof includes: the thin film solar panel and the skylight glass 300.
  • the thin film solar panel includes an ultra-thin glass substrate 100 and a thin film battery pack 200 on the ultra-thin glass substrate, the thin film module 200 is composed of the first electrode, the photoelectric conversion layer, and The second electrode is constructed.
  • the photoelectric conversion layer includes a P-type layer 31 and an N-type layer 33. In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the photoelectric conversion layer further includes a layer between the P-type layer 31 and the N-type layer 33. Type I layer 32.
  • the automobile sunroof glass 300 has a lower surface 320 facing the interior of the vehicle and an upper surface facing the outside of the vehicle.
  • the thin film solar panel may be attached to the upper surface 310 of the automotive sunroof glass 300 or may be attached to the lower surface 320 of the sunroof glass 300.
  • the P-type layer 31 is disposed adjacent to the first electrode 20.
  • the N-type layer 33 is disposed adjacent to the first electrode 20. This causes the P-type layer 31 to always face the direction of the sunlight.
  • the mobility of electrons in the amorphous silicon film is greater than the mobility of the holes, the lifetime of the electrons is also greater than the lifetime of the holes, and the electrons generated in the P-type layer 31 pass through the layer by drift and diffusion to be collected by the electrodes;
  • the 11-type layer 33 receives light to generate carriers, the holes generated in the n-type layer 33 are easily lost when passing through the I layer due to the small mobility and lifetime. Therefore, the P-type layer 31 is always oriented toward the direction of sunlight to improve the collection rate of carriers, thereby improving the light energy conversion efficiency of the solar panel.
  • the sugar electrode (not shown) is connected to the vehicle power supply system and a load thereof via a wire, and the load includes at least a fan, an illumination lamp, and an electronic entertainment system in the vehicle compartment.
  • the load includes at least a fan, an illumination lamp, and an electronic entertainment system in the vehicle compartment.
  • the sunroof glass 300 is a rigid glass having a certain bending amplitude, and the thin film solar panel has the same bending amplitude as the sunroof glass.
  • the sunroof glass is a rigid glass
  • the thin film solar panel is different from the curvature of the sunroof glass
  • the thin film solar panel is installed in the skylight glass. Corresponding location.
  • the sunroof glass is a rigid glass having no bending amplitude
  • the thin film solar panel is mounted at a position corresponding to the sunroof glass.
  • the present invention also provides a method for manufacturing a solar vehicle sunroof.
  • the manufacturing method includes the following steps.
  • the first electrode, the photoelectric conversion layer and the second electrode are respectively scribed by a laser to divide the thin film battery into a plurality of smaller battery cells and connected in series and in parallel;
  • the thin film solar panel in the solar vehicle sunroof provided by the present invention is continuous in the formation process of each layer of the film, but is cut into smaller battery cells by laser reticle in step S3 after the coating is completed.
  • the manufacturing process is simpler, the preparation efficiency is improved, and the thin film solar panel is closely adhered to the curved skylight glass, and has an integrated structure, and the appearance is more beautiful.
  • the solar cell sunroof provided by the invention provides a solar cell panel with a flexible ultra-thin glass substrate and a skylight glass directly combined by bending treatment to form a solid solar panel with a certain curvature, due to the coating process.
  • the ultra-thin glass substrate is still in a flat form, and the process conditions do not need to be changed. This avoids the problems and extra costs that are usually encountered in the manufacture of curved plates, greatly increasing the equipment and The general applicability of the preparation process to skylight glass of various bending amplitudes. Therefore, the manufacturing method of the solar vehicle sunroof provided by the present invention is suitable for manufacturing solar vehicle sunroofs of various bending widths.
  • the thin film solar panel is combined with the skylight glass by a lamination process for encapsulating the thin film solar panel to isolate it from the surrounding environment and form a stable operation.
  • the lamination process is carried out in an autoclave or by lamination using a curved vacuum lamination process.
  • the material of the lamination process is EVA, PVB or away Sub-key resin.
  • the thin film solar panel is bonded to the sunroof glass using a bonding process to form a solar car sunroof that is stable for operation.
  • the bonding process uses a Vertak adhesive produced by DuPont.
  • the first electrode and the second electrode have the same light transmittance and are all transparent films. This improves the light transmission of the thin film solar panel.
  • the first electrode is a fully transparent film
  • the second electrode is a non-transparent film. The opaque film reflects the light transmitted through the photoelectric conversion layer, thereby improving the light absorption rate and efficiency of the battery.
  • the materials of the first electrode and the second electrode are both transparent conductive oxides, and the transparent conductive oxide is one of zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium tin oxide and graphite.
  • the photoelectric conversion layer includes one or more of amorphous silicon, microcrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, and single crystal silicon thin film.
  • the photoelectric conversion layer is made of amorphous silicon 11 A p-i- n type structure composed of a doped layer, an intrinsic layer and a p-type doped layer.
  • the photoelectric conversion layer comprises a p- n or p-i- n junction single junction structure formed of amorphous silicon, microcrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon or a single crystal silicon thin film, or a plurality of p- n junctions and p-i- Multi-junction structure of n-junction.
  • the photoelectric conversion layer includes one or more of a cadmium telluride film, a copper indium gallium tin film, and an organic semiconductor film.
  • the process temperature of the process for preparing the first, second electrode or the photoelectric conversion layer is close to a glass strain point, the ultra-thin glass is easily deformed, so that the process temperature should be kept away from the glass as much as possible.
  • Strain point The strain point of ultra-thin glass varies from 650 to 700 °C, and the strain points of other ultra-thin glass also vary within a similar range. Therefore, the process temperature of the process is lower than 600 ° C to prevent deformation of the ultra-thin glass substrate during deposition.
  • the process temperature of the LPCVD method for preparing a transparent oxide film is 180-210 ° C
  • the process temperature of the MOCVD method can be as low as 500 ° C
  • the process temperature of the APCVD method is about 450 ° C, which is used for preparation.
  • the temperature of the PECVD process of the silicon-based photoelectric conversion layer film is generally Below 300 ° C, the above process methods meet the process temperature of less than 600. C requirements. Therefore, the first and second electrodes are prepared by a LPCVD, MOCVD or APCVD process, and the photoelectric conversion layer is prepared by a PECVD process.

Abstract

A solar vehicle sunroof and a manufacturing method therefor. The solar vehicle sunroof comprises a sunroof glass (300) and a thin-film solar cell panel (200). The thin-film solar cell panel (200) comprises a substrate (10), a first electrode (20) arranged on the substrate, a photovoltaic conversion layer (30) arranged on the first electrode (20), a second electrode (40) arranged on the photovoltaic conversion layer (30), and a gate electrode (50). The substrate (10) is an ultrathin glass substrate. The thickness of the ultrathin glass substrate is between 0.1 and 1 mm. The ultrathin glass substrate is provided with bendability. The minimum bending radius of the ultrathin glass substrate is 10 cm or less. The first electrode (20) is continuously arranged on the substrate (10) during a formation process. The provided solar vehicle sunroof is provided with great light transmittance and can be processed and manufactured at an increased easiness. The manufacturing method for the sunroof is provided with general applicability and can be used at an increased degree of convenience in manufacturing the solar vehicle sunroof having various bending amplitudes.

Description

太阳能是一种取之不尽， 用之不竭的新型清洁能源。 与风能、 核能等其 他新型能源相比， 由于阳光无处不在， 太阳能除了适合大规 并网发电以夕！、， 也非常适合于做分散、 小规模的应用。 太阳能光伏发电最早的小规模应用可 追溯到人造卫星上的太阳能电池板。 如今， 人们通常将太阳能电池板放置在 建筑物屋顶上， 或安装于各种交通工具上以补充日常耗能的不足。 其中， 用 于汽车的太阳能电池板是最普 的， 每年有层出不穷的相关技术通过专利公 开， 典型的如下述两例： 公开号为 US2.0060073044 的美国专利提出， 用固定 于汽车车窗上的太阳能电池板驱动车内的风扇工作， 能起到降 ^车内温度的 作用； 公开号为 US20120132245的美国专利提出， 将具有柔性衬底的多个太 阳能电池粘合于车窗玻璃上， 可以消除在车顶放置太阳能电池板时车所承受 的重量。  Solar energy is an inexhaustible new clean energy source. Compared with other new energy sources such as wind energy and nuclear energy, solar energy is suitable for large-scale grid-connected power generation because of the ubiquity of sunlight! It is also very suitable for distributed, small-scale applications. The earliest small-scale applications of solar photovoltaic power generation can be traced back to solar panels on satellites. Today, solar panels are often placed on the roof of a building or installed on a variety of vehicles to supplement the daily energy consumption. Among them, the solar panels used in automobiles are the most common, and the related technologies that are emerging one after another are disclosed by patents, and the typical ones are as follows: US Patent No. US2.0060073044, which is fixed on the window of a car. The solar panel drives the fan in the vehicle to work, which can reduce the temperature inside the vehicle. The US Patent No. US20120132245 proposes to bond a plurality of solar cells having a flexible substrate to the window glass to eliminate The weight that the car bears when placing solar panels on the roof.
然而上述专利公开的技术均是利用传统的晶硅电池结构， 将玻璃或柔性 的聚合物衬 V¾上的电池进行绝缘分割， 工艺较为复杂， 与汽车本体的结合程 度也不高， 影响汽车的整体美观。 较厚的玻璃衬底、 聚合物衬底和晶硅的透 光性都不好， 与汽车车窗结合以后会降低车厢内的光照亮度。  However, the technology disclosed in the above patents utilizes a conventional crystalline silicon cell structure to insulate and divide the battery on the glass or the flexible polymer lining V3⁄4, the process is complicated, and the degree of integration with the automobile body is not high, which affects the overall automobile. Beautiful. Thicker glass substrates, polymer substrates, and crystalline silicon have poor light transmission properties, and when combined with automotive windows, the brightness of the interior of the vehicle is reduced.
近.年来出现了一些新的技术， 将薄膜太阳能电池用于汽车天窗， 如申请 号为 CN201220357230的中国实用新型专利所公开的技术。薄膜太阳能电池有 外观漂亮、 生产自动化程度高、 可弯曲、 可透明等多种优势。 将薄膜太阳能 电池与汽车天窗相结合， 工艺较为简单， 也使得太阳能组件与汽车一体化， 提高了整体美观性。 作为能用于汽车天窗的薄膜太阳能电池板， 一方面要求 其具有良好的透光性以保证车厢的照明亮度， 另一方面又要求其有良好的弯 曲性能， 以便和汽车天窗玻璃的弯曲结构面紧密贴合。 为满足这两方面的需 求， 所述薄膜太阳能电池 的衬底必须是既透明又可弯曲的。 Recently, some new technologies have emerged, using thin film solar cells for automotive sunroofs, such as those disclosed in Chinese utility model patents with the application number CN201220357230. Thin-film solar cells have many advantages such as beautiful appearance, high degree of automation, flexibility, and transparency. Thin film solar energy The combination of the battery and the sunroof of the car makes the process simpler, and also integrates the solar module with the car, improving the overall aesthetics. As a thin film solar panel that can be used for a sunroof of a vehicle, on the one hand, it is required to have good light transmittance to ensure the illumination brightness of the compartment, and on the other hand, it is required to have good bending performance, so as to be curved with the curved structure of the automobile sunroof glass. Closely fit. To meet the needs of both, the substrate of the thin film solar cell must be both transparent and bendable.
薄膜太阳能电池板的衬底可以根据具体需求选择玻璃、 聚合物、 陶瓷和 石墨中的任何一种， 其中玻璃为透明衬底， 透光性好， 可用于制造透明的薄 膜太阳能电池， 但现有的薄膜太阳能电池技术选用的玻璃衬底的厚度一般大 于 3mm, 不具有可弯曲性； 而聚合物为柔性衬底， 容易弯曲和折叠， 一般用 于制造可弯曲的薄膜太阳能电池板， 但聚合物衬底大都不同时具有透光性和 耐高温性， 即无法经受 200。C以上的工艺温度， 因而难以在上面沉积电池薄 膜。  The substrate of the thin film solar panel can be selected according to specific requirements of any one of glass, polymer, ceramic and graphite, wherein the glass is a transparent substrate and has good light transmittance, and can be used for manufacturing transparent thin film solar cells, but existing The thickness of the glass substrate selected by the thin film solar cell technology is generally greater than 3 mm, and has no bendability; and the polymer is a flexible substrate, which is easy to bend and fold, and is generally used for manufacturing flexible thin film solar panels, but polymers. The substrate does not have both light transmission and high temperature resistance, that is, it cannot withstand 200. Above the process temperature of C, it is difficult to deposit a battery film thereon.
另外 , 现有的薄膜太阳能电 ^板制造.设备和工艺绝大多数都是建立在平 面衬底上的， 如平板浮法玻璃等， 这使得直接制造具有一定弯曲弧度的薄膜 太阳能电池存在很大的困难。 如果要通过在弯曲衬底上进行均勾镀膜来加工 制造薄膜太阳能电池板， 则需要对镀膜设备和工艺做较大的改动， 这不仅会 使成本大幅度提高， 而且由于不同弯曲结构面具有不同的形状和弯曲弧度， 导致所述设 ^和工艺对不同弯曲幅度的天窗玻璃的适应程度也有 4艮大的局限 性。  In addition, the existing thin film solar panel manufacturing equipment and processes are mostly built on a flat substrate, such as flat float glass, which makes the direct fabrication of thin film solar cells with a certain curvature. Difficulties. If a thin film solar panel is to be processed by performing a uniform coating on a curved substrate, it is necessary to make major changes to the coating equipment and process, which not only greatly increases the cost, but also has different bending structure faces. The shape and curvature of the arc, resulting in the adaptation of the design and process to the skylight glass of different bending amplitudes also have four limitations.
综上所述， 现有的太阳能汽车天窗技术所使用的薄膜太阳能电池板的玻 璃的衬底一般较厚， 可弯曲性较差， 不能满足制作太阳能汽车天窗的弯曲度 需求， 并且现有的薄膜太阳能电池板的制备工艺艮难将其直接加工为具有一 定弯曲弧度的电池板， 因而无法应用于制备太阳能汽车天窗。 发明内容 针对现有技术存在的问题， 本发明的目的在于提供一种太阳能汽车天窗， 所述太阳能汽车天窗所包含的薄膜太阳能电池板的衬底具有较高的可弯曲性 和光透射率， 使.得所述太阳能汽车天窗具有良好的透光性且 容易制作加工， 并具有均勾连续的一体结构。 In summary, the glass substrate of the thin-film solar panel used in the existing solar vehicle sunroof technology is generally thick and has poor bendability, and cannot meet the bending requirements of the solar vehicle sunroof, and the existing film The preparation process of the solar panel is difficult to directly process it into a panel having a certain curvature, and thus cannot be applied to the preparation of a solar vehicle sunroof. Summary of the invention In view of the problems existing in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a solar vehicle sunroof, wherein the substrate of the thin film solar panel included in the solar vehicle sunroof has high flexibility and light transmittance, so that The solar vehicle sunroof has good light transmission and is easy to be processed, and has a uniform structure with uniform hooks.
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种太阳能汽车天窗的制作方法， 所述制作 方法具有普遍适用性， 能较为方便的用于制作具有各种弯曲幅度的太阳能汽 一种太阳能汽车天窗， 所述太阳能汽车天窗包括天窗玻璃和薄膜太阳能 电池板， 所述薄膜太阳能电池板包括衬底、 位于所述衬底上的第一电极、 位 于所述第一电极上的光电转换层、 位于所述光电转换层上的第二电极和栅电 极， 所述衬底为超薄玻璃衬底， 所述超薄玻璃村底的厚度为 0.1 1mm, 所述超 薄玻璃衬底具有可弯曲性， 其最小弯曲半径可达 10cm以下， 所述第一电极在 形成过程中连续设置在所述衬底上。  Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a solar vehicle sunroof, which has universal applicability and can be conveniently used for making a solar vehicle sunroof having various bending amplitudes. The sunroof comprises a sunroof glass and a thin film solar panel, the thin film solar panel comprising a substrate, a first electrode on the substrate, a photoelectric conversion layer on the first electrode, and the photoelectric conversion layer a second electrode and a gate electrode, the substrate is an ultra-thin glass substrate, the ultra-thin glass substrate has a thickness of 0.11 mm, and the ultra-thin glass substrate has flexibility, and the minimum bending radius thereof is Up to 10 cm or less, the first electrode is continuously disposed on the substrate during formation.
本发明所公开的太阳能汽车天窗的有益效果在于： 所述厚度为 0, 1 1mm 的超薄玻璃衬底具有增加透光率的效果， 提高了所述薄膜太阳能电池板的透 光性， 进而使得所述太阳能电池天窗具有良好的透光性； 通过增加所述衬底 的透光率还提高了所述光电转换层的吸收率， ^吏得所述薄膜太阳能电池的效 率比现有的薄膜太阳能电池高 1-2%; 所述超薄玻璃衬底的可弯曲性较好， 能 够方便的用于制作各种弯曲幅度的太阳能汽车天窗； 所述第一电极连续设置 在所述衬底上， 相对于传统的在衬底上用绝缘物质分割出多个电池块而言， 工艺简单， 在应用于太阳能汽车天窗时， 能与弯曲的天窗玻璃紧密结合形成 均匀连续的一体结构， 较为美观。 与聚合物衬底相比， 所述超薄玻璃衬底还 具有耐高温， 隔绝环境侵蚀性能好的优点。  The solar photovoltaic sunroof disclosed by the present invention has the beneficial effects that: the ultra-thin glass substrate having a thickness of 0,11 mm has an effect of increasing light transmittance, thereby improving light transmittance of the thin film solar panel, thereby The solar cell sunroof has good light transmittance; the transmittance of the photoelectric conversion layer is also increased by increasing the light transmittance of the substrate, and the efficiency of the thin film solar cell is higher than that of the existing thin film solar energy. The battery is 1-2% higher; the ultra-thin glass substrate has better bendability, and can be conveniently used for fabricating solar vehicle sunroofs of various bending widths; the first electrode is continuously disposed on the substrate, Compared with the conventional method of dividing a plurality of battery blocks by using an insulating material on a substrate, the process is simple, and when applied to a solar vehicle sunroof, it can be closely combined with the curved sunroof glass to form a uniform and continuous integrated structure, which is more beautiful. Compared with the polymer substrate, the ultra-thin glass substrate also has the advantages of high temperature resistance and good environmental corrosion resistance.
优选的， 所述超薄玻璃衬底的弯曲半径大于 30cm, 所述超薄玻璃衬底的 厚度为 0.35 imm。 其有益效果在于， 在能够达到所需的弯曲半径的情况下， 应尽可能选用较厚的超薄玻璃做衬底以增加所述薄膜太阳能电 板的强度。 可选的， 所述第一电极为全透明薄膜， 所述第二电极为非全透明薄膜。 优选的， 所述第一、 第二透明电极的透光性相等， 且均为全透明薄膜。 优选的， 所述第一、 第二电极的材料均为透明导电氧化物， 所述透明导 电氧化物包括氧化锌、 氧化锡、 氧化铟锡和石墨烯中的一种。 Preferably, the ultra-thin glass substrate has a bending radius of more than 30 cm, and the ultra-thin glass substrate has a thickness of 0.35 imm. The beneficial effect is that, in the case that the required bending radius can be achieved, Thicker ultra-thin glass should be used as the substrate to increase the strength of the thin film solar panel. Optionally, the first electrode is a fully transparent film, and the second electrode is a non-transparent film. Preferably, the first and second transparent electrodes have the same light transmittance and are all transparent films. Preferably, the materials of the first and second electrodes are transparent conductive oxides, and the transparent conductive oxide comprises one of zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium tin oxide and graphene.
优选的， 所述光电转换层包括非晶硅、 微晶硅、 多晶硅和单晶硅薄膜中 的一种或多种， 所述非晶硅、 多晶硅或单晶硅薄膜形成包含一个 p- n或 p i n 结的单结结构， 或包含多个 p- n或 p- i- n结的多结结构。  Preferably, the photoelectric conversion layer comprises one or more of amorphous silicon, microcrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon and single crystal silicon thin film, and the amorphous silicon, polycrystalline silicon or single crystal silicon thin film is formed to comprise a p-n or A single junction structure of a pin junction, or a multi-junction structure containing multiple p-n or p-i-n junctions.
优选的， 所述光电转换层包括碲化镉薄膜、 铜铟镓锡薄膜和有机半导体 薄膜中的一种或多种。  Preferably, the photoelectric conversion layer comprises one or more of a cadmium telluride film, a copper indium gallium tin film, and an organic semiconductor film.
优选的， 所述衬底的弯曲半径大于 1 m。  Preferably, the substrate has a bending radius greater than 1 m.
优选的 , 所述.天窗玻璃具有朝向车内的下表面以及.朝向车外的上表面， 所述薄膜太阳能电池板设置在所述天窗玻璃的上表面上， 所述光电转换层包 括 P型层、 N型层， 所述 P型层紧邻所述第一电极设置。 优选的， 所述天窗 玻璃具有朝向车内的下表面以及朝向车外的上表面， 所述薄膜太阳能电池板 设置在所述天窗玻璃的下表面上， 所述光电转换层包括 P型层、 N型层， 所 述 N型层紧邻所述第一电极设置。 其有益效果在于， 由于非晶硅薄膜中电子 的迁移率大于空穴的迁移率，在包含 p— I— N结的光电转换层中 ,将所述 P型层 设置于接受太阳光照射的一面，所述 P型层中产生的电子将跨越 I层运动更远 的距离而被电极收集， 而空穴可以直接被紧邻 P型层的电极所收集， 提高了 空穴的收集率， 从而提高了电池的光电转换效率。  Preferably, the skylight glass has a lower surface facing the inside of the vehicle and an upper surface facing the outside of the vehicle, the thin film solar panel is disposed on an upper surface of the skylight glass, and the photoelectric conversion layer includes a P-type layer And an N-type layer, the P-type layer being disposed adjacent to the first electrode. Preferably, the sunroof glass has a lower surface facing the inside of the vehicle and an upper surface facing the outside of the vehicle, the thin film solar panel is disposed on a lower surface of the sunroof glass, and the photoelectric conversion layer includes a P-type layer, N a type layer, the N-type layer being disposed adjacent to the first electrode. The beneficial effect is that, since the mobility of electrons in the amorphous silicon film is greater than the mobility of the holes, in the photoelectric conversion layer including the p-I-N junction, the P-type layer is disposed on the side receiving the sunlight. The electrons generated in the P-type layer will be collected by the electrodes at a greater distance across the I-layer, and the holes can be directly collected by the electrodes adjacent to the P-type layer, thereby increasing the collection rate of holes, thereby improving The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery.
优选的， 所述超薄玻璃衬底的厚度大于 0„5mm, 用以增加所述薄膜太阳 能电池板的机械强度。 优选的， 所述超薄玻璃衬底为经过化学钢化处理的玻 璃， 用以增加所述薄膜太阳能电池板的机械强度。  Preferably, the ultra-thin glass substrate has a thickness greater than 0 „5 mm for increasing the mechanical strength of the thin film solar panel. Preferably, the ultra-thin glass substrate is a chemically tempered glass for The mechanical strength of the thin film solar panel is increased.
优选的， 所述柵电极通过导线与汽车电源系统及其一负载连接， 所述负 载包括车厢内的风扇、 照明灯和电子娱乐系统中的至少一种。 Preferably, the gate electrode is connected to a vehicle power supply system and a load thereof through a wire, and the negative The load includes at least one of a fan, a light, and an electronic entertainment system within the passenger compartment.
优选的， 所述天窗玻璃为具有一定弯曲幅度的刚性玻璃。  Preferably, the sunroof glass is a rigid glass having a certain bending amplitude.
优选的， 所述天窗玻璃为刚性玻璃， 所述薄膜太阳能电池板与所述天窗 的位置。  Preferably, the sunroof glass is a rigid glass, a position of the thin film solar panel and the sunroof.
优选的， 所述天窗玻璃为没有弯曲幅度的刚性玻璃， 所述薄膜太阳能电 池板安装在与所述天窗玻璃相对应的位置。  Preferably, the sunroof glass is a rigid glass having no bending amplitude, and the thin film solar battery panel is installed at a position corresponding to the sunroof glass.
优选的， 所述薄膜太阳能电池板与所述天窗玻璃弯曲幅度相同。  Preferably, the thin film solar panel has the same bending amplitude as the sunroof glass.
本发明还提供了一种太阳能汽车天窗的制作方法， 其包含如下步骤： The invention also provides a method for manufacturing a solar vehicle sunroof, comprising the following steps:
51. 提供一成型的汽车天窗玻璃，和一超薄玻璃衬底， 所述超薄玻璃衬底 的厚度为 0,1- lmm， 所述超薄玻璃衬底具有可弯曲性； 51. Providing a molded automotive sunroof glass, and an ultra-thin glass substrate having a thickness of 0,1-lmm, the ultra-thin glass substrate having flexibility;
52. 在所述超薄玻璃衬底上沉积依次沉积第一电极、光电转换层和第二电 极， 以形成薄膜电池组；  52. Depositing a first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer, and a second electrode on the ultra-thin glass substrate to form a thin film battery;
53. 用激光分别对所述第一电极、光电转换层和第二电极进行刻线， 用以 将所述薄膜电池组分割成诸多较 d、的电池单元并做串联和并联连接；  53. The first electrode, the photoelectric conversion layer and the second electrode are respectively scribed by a laser to divide the thin film battery into a plurality of d, and connected in series and in parallel;
54. 对所述薄膜电池组做激光或化学刻蚀处理，用以提高所述薄膜电池组 的透光性；  54. Performing a laser or chemical etching treatment on the thin film battery pack to improve light transmittance of the thin film battery pack;
55. 设置柵电极， 形成薄膜太阳能电池板；  55. setting a gate electrode to form a thin film solar panel;
56. 将所述薄膜太阳能电池板与所述天窗玻璃结合，使得所述薄膜电池组 被封装于所述超薄玻璃衬底与所述天窗玻璃之间， 形成可工作的太阳能汽车 天窗。  56. Combining the thin film solar panel with the sunroof glass such that the thin film battery pack is packaged between the ultra-thin glass substrate and the sunroof glass to form a workable solar car sunroof.
本发明所提供的太阳能汽车天窗的制作方法的有益效果为：  The beneficial effects of the solar vehicle sunroof manufacturing method provided by the invention are as follows:
本发明所提.供的太阳能汽车天窗中的薄膜太阳能电池板在各层薄膜在形 成过程中都是连续的， 只是在镀膜完成之后的步骤 S3中才用激光刻线切割成 较小的电池单元， 因而制作工艺更为简单， 提高了制备效率， 也使得薄膜太 阳能电池板与弯曲的天窗玻璃紧密贴合， 呈一体化结构， 外表更为美观。 本发明所提.供的太阳能汽车天窗的制作方法将具有可弯曲超薄玻璃衬底 的所述太阳能电池板与天窗玻璃通过弯曲处理直接结合， 形成牢固的具有一 定弧度的太阳能电池板， 由于在镀膜过程中超薄玻璃衬底仍处于平面形式， 工艺条件都不需要做任何改变， 避免了通常在制造弯曲电池板时所遇到的问 题和额外成本的增加， 极大的增加了设备和制备工艺方法对各种弯曲幅度的 天窗玻璃的普遍适用性。 因此， 本发明所提供的太阳能汽车天窗的制作方法 适用于制造各种弯曲幅度的太阳能汽车天窗。 The thin film solar panel in the solar vehicle sunroof provided by the invention is continuous in the formation process of each layer of the film, but is cut into smaller battery cells by laser reticle in step S3 after the coating is completed. Therefore, the manufacturing process is simpler, the preparation efficiency is improved, and the film is too The solar panel fits snugly into the curved skylight glass, providing an integrated structure for a more aesthetic appearance. The solar cell sunroof provided by the invention provides a solar cell panel with a flexible ultra-thin glass substrate and a skylight glass directly combined by a bending process to form a solid solar panel with a certain curvature, The ultra-thin glass substrate is still in a flat form during the coating process, and the process conditions do not need to be changed. This avoids the problems and additional cost that are usually encountered in the manufacture of curved panels, greatly increasing the equipment and preparation. The general applicability of the process to skylight glass of various bending widths. Therefore, the manufacturing method of the solar vehicle sunroof provided by the present invention is suitable for manufacturing solar vehicle sunroof of various bending widths.
优选的， 使用层压工艺将所述薄膜太阳能电池板与所述天窗玻璃结合。 优选的， 使用粘结工艺将所述薄膜太阳能电池板与所述天窗玻璃粘合在一起。  Preferably, the thin film solar panel is bonded to the skylight glass using a lamination process. Preferably, the thin film solar panel is bonded to the sunroof glass using a bonding process.
可选的， 所述第一电极为全透明薄膜， 所述第二电极为非全半透明薄膜。 优选的， 所述第一、 第二电极的透光性相等， 且均为全透明薄膜。  Optionally, the first electrode is a fully transparent film, and the second electrode is a non-translucent film. Preferably, the first and second electrodes have the same light transmittance and are all transparent films.
优选的， 所述第一、 第二电极的材料均为透明导电氧化物， 所述透明导 电氧化物包括氧化锌、 氧化锡、 氧化铟锡和石墨缔中的 种。  Preferably, the materials of the first and second electrodes are transparent conductive oxides, and the transparent conductive oxides include zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium tin oxide and graphite.
优选的， 用于制备所述第一、 第二电极的工艺温度低于 600。C, 用以避免 所述超薄玻璃衬底发生形变。 进一步优选的， 所述第一、 第二电极用 LPCVD 或 APCVD方法制备。  Preferably, the process temperature for preparing the first and second electrodes is less than 600. C, to avoid deformation of the ultra-thin glass substrate. Further preferably, the first and second electrodes are prepared by an LPCVD or APCVD method.
优选的， 所述光电转换层包括非晶硅、 微晶硅、 多晶硅和单晶硅薄膜中 的一种或多种， 所述非晶硅、 微晶硅、 多晶硅或单晶硅薄膜形成包含一个 p-n 结或 p i n结的单结结构， 或形成包含多个 p- η结及 p- i η结的多结结构。  Preferably, the photoelectric conversion layer comprises one or more of amorphous silicon, microcrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon and single crystal silicon thin film, and the amorphous silicon, microcrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon or single crystal silicon thin film is formed to comprise one A single junction structure of a pn junction or a pin junction, or a multijunction structure comprising a plurality of p-n junctions and p-i η junctions.
优选的， 用于制备所述光电转换层的工艺温度低于 600°C, 用以避免所述 超薄玻璃衬底发生形变。 可选的， 所述光电转换层用 PECVD方法制备。  Preferably, the process temperature for preparing the photoelectric conversion layer is lower than 600 ° C to avoid deformation of the ultra-thin glass substrate. Optionally, the photoelectric conversion layer is prepared by a PECVD method.
优选的， 所述光电转换层包括碲化镉薄膜、 铜铟镓锡薄膜和有机半导体 薄膜中的一种或多种。  Preferably, the photoelectric conversion layer comprises one or more of a cadmium telluride film, a copper indium gallium tin film, and an organic semiconductor film.
优选的， 所述天窗玻璃具有朝向车内的下表面以及朝向车外的上表面， 所述薄膜太阳能电池板设置在所述天窗玻璃的上表面上， 所述光电转换层包 括 P型层、 N型层， 所述 P型层紧邻所述第一电极设置。 Preferably, the sunroof glass has a lower surface facing the inside of the vehicle and an upper surface facing the outside of the vehicle. The thin film solar cell panel is disposed on an upper surface of the skylight glass, and the photoelectric conversion layer includes a P-type layer and an N-type layer, and the P-type layer is disposed adjacent to the first electrode.
优选的， 所述超薄玻璃衬底的厚度大于 0.5mm , 用以增加所述薄膜太阳 能电池板的机械强度。  Preferably, the ultra-thin glass substrate has a thickness greater than 0.5 mm for increasing the mechanical strength of the thin film solar panel.
优选的， 所述超薄玻璃衬底为经过化学钢化处理的玻璃， 用以增加所述 薄膜太阳能电池板的机械强度。  Preferably, the ultra-thin glass substrate is a chemically tempered glass for increasing the mechanical strength of the thin film solar panel.
优选的， 所述天窗玻璃具有朝向车内的下表面以及朝向车外的上表.面， 所述薄膜太阳能电池板设置在所述天窗玻璃的下表面上， 所述光电转换层包 括 P型层、 N型层， 所述 N型层紧邻所述第一电极设置。  Preferably, the sunroof glass has a lower surface facing the inside of the vehicle and an upper surface facing the outside of the vehicle, the thin film solar panel is disposed on a lower surface of the skylight glass, and the photoelectric conversion layer includes a P-type layer And an N-type layer disposed adjacent to the first electrode.
优选的， 所述层压工艺在高压釜中进行， 所述层压工艺为曲面真空层压 法。  Preferably, the laminating process is carried out in an autoclave, which is a curved vacuum lamination process.
优选的， 所述层压工艺的材料选用 EVA、 PVB或离子键树脂。  Preferably, the material of the lamination process is EVA, PVB or ionomer resin.
优选.的, 所述粘结工艺选用杜邦公司生产的 "文泰科"（Vertak )粘结剂。 优选的， 所述柵电极通过导线与汽车电源系统及其一负载连.接， 所述负 载包括车厢内的风扇、 照明灯和电子娱乐系统中的至少一种。 附图说明  Preferably, the bonding process uses a Vertak adhesive produced by DuPont. Preferably, the gate electrode is connected to the vehicle power supply system and a load thereof through a wire, and the load includes at least one of a fan, an illumination lamp and an electronic entertainment system in the vehicle compartment. DRAWINGS
图 1为本发明所公开的太阳能汽车天窗所包含的薄膜太阳能电^板的一 种优选的实施例的结构示意图。  BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a preferred embodiment of a thin film solar panel included in a solar vehicle sunroof disclosed in the present invention.
图 2为不同厚度的超薄玻璃衬底的光吸收率与光波长的变化关系图。 图 3为两种较薄的超薄玻璃衬底的弯曲应力与弯曲半径的变化关系图。 图 4为多种厚度的超薄玻璃衬底的弯曲应力与弯曲半径的变化关系图。 图 5 为本发明所公开的太阳能汽车天窗的一种优选的实施例的结构示意 图。  Fig. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the light absorptivity and the wavelength of light of an ultrathin glass substrate of different thicknesses. Figure 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the bending stress and the bending radius of two thin ultra-thin glass substrates. Fig. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the bending stress and the bending radius of an ultrathin glass substrate of various thicknesses. Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a preferred embodiment of the solar vehicle sunroof disclosed in the present invention.
图 6为本^ _明所公开的太阳能汽车天窗的制作方法的流程图。 具体实族方式 FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing a solar vehicle sunroof disclosed in the following. Concrete real way
以下将结合附图所示的具体实施方式对本发明进行详细描述， 但这些实 施方式并不限制本发明， 本领域的普通技术人员根据这些实施方式所做出的 结构、 方法、 或功能上的变换均包含在本发明的保护范围内。  The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the specific embodiments shown in the drawings, but these embodiments do not limit the invention, and the structure, method, or function of All are included in the scope of protection of the present invention.
一种太阳能汽车天窗， 所述太阳能汽车天窗包括天窗玻璃和薄膜太阳能 电池板， 所述薄膜太阳能电池板包括衬底、 位于所述衬底上的第一电极、 位 于所述第一电极上的光电转换层、 位于所述光电转换层上的第二电极和柵电 极， 所述衬底为超薄玻璃衬底， 所述超薄玻璃衬底的厚度为 0.1- 1mm, 所述超 薄玻璃衬底具有可弯曲性， 其最小弯曲半径可达 10cm以下， 所述第一电极在 形成过.程中连续设置在所述衬底上。  A solar vehicle sunroof comprising a skylight glass and a thin film solar panel, the thin film solar panel comprising a substrate, a first electrode on the substrate, and a photovoltaic on the first electrode a conversion layer, a second electrode and a gate electrode on the photoelectric conversion layer, the substrate being an ultra-thin glass substrate, the ultra-thin glass substrate having a thickness of 0.1 to 1 mm, the ultra-thin glass substrate The first electrode is continuously disposed on the substrate during the formation process.
图 1为本发明的一种优选的实施例中， 所述太阳能汽车天窗所包含的薄 膜太阳能电池板的结构示意图。 参照图 1 , 所述薄膜太阳能电池板包括衬底 10、 位于衬底上的第一电极 20、 位于所述第一电极上的光电转换层 30、 位于 所述光电转换层 30上的第二电极 40, 还包括所述第二电极上的柵电极 50。 所述衬底 10为超薄玻璃衬底， 所述超薄玻璃衬底的厚度为 0, 1 1mm, 所述超 薄玻璃衬底具有可弯曲性， 其最小弯曲半径可达 10cm以下。 所述第一电极 20在其中形成过程中连续设置在所述村底 10上。如图 1所示的本发明优选的 实施例， 光电转换层 30包括非晶硅 p型层 31、 非晶硅本征层 32和非晶硅 n 型层 33 , 第一电极 20和第二电极 4()均由氧化锌材料制成。  BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a thin film solar panel included in the solar vehicle sunroof in a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 1, the thin film solar cell panel includes a substrate 10, a first electrode 20 on the substrate, a photoelectric conversion layer 30 on the first electrode, and a second electrode on the photoelectric conversion layer 30. 40, further comprising a gate electrode 50 on the second electrode. The substrate 10 is an ultra-thin glass substrate having a thickness of 0,11 mm, and the ultra-thin glass substrate has flexibility, and the minimum bending radius is up to 10 cm or less. The first electrode 20 is continuously disposed on the substrate 10 during formation thereof. As shown in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the photoelectric conversion layer 30 includes an amorphous silicon p-type layer 31, an amorphous silicon intrinsic layer 32, and an amorphous silicon n-type layer 33, a first electrode 20 and a second electrode. 4 () are made of zinc oxide material.
所述衬底 10选用美国康宁公司 ( Coming Incorporated ) 的多款超薄玻璃 产品， 如莲花玻璃 （Lotus Glass ) , 柳条玻璃 （ Willow Glass )， 和猩摆玻璃 ( Gorilla Glass )。 图 2给出了超薄玻璃的光透射率和光波长的关系。 参照图 2 , 三种厚度分别为 0.05mm, 0.1 ram和 0.2mm的超薄玻璃的光透射率随光波 长的变化关系是相同的， 在光波长为 200nm到 350nm的波段内， 透射率随着 波波长长的的增增大大而而迅迅速速增增大大；； 当当光光波波长长大大于于 335500nnmm的的可可见见光光波波段段时时，， 透透射射率率的的增增 大大变变慢慢，， 并并逐逐渐渐饱饱和和为为一一个个大大于于 9900%%的的常常数数。。 但但在在上上述述 220000-- 335500nnmm的的光光波波段段 内内，， 对对于于特特定定的的波波长长，， 所所述述超超薄薄玻玻璃璃的的厚厚度度越越小小其其透透射射率率越越大大。。 在在现现有有的的薄薄 膜膜太太阳阳能能电电池池技技术术中中，， 一一般般选选用用厚厚度度为为 33..22mmmm的的玻玻璃璃做做衬衬底底，， 由由上上述述结结论论可可 知知，， 其其对对短短波波长长光光的的透透射射率率远远小小于于超超薄薄玻玻璃璃，， 导导致致薄薄膜膜电电池池的的透透光光性性较较差差。。 因因此此选选用用超超薄薄玻玻璃璃做做衬衬底底具具有有增增加加光光透透射射率率的的效效果果。。 另另外外，， 选选用用越越薄薄的的玻玻璃璃 做做衬衬底底，， 所所述述光光电电转转换换层层对对短短波波段段光光的的吸吸收收率率也也越越高高，， 从从而而可可以以使使薄薄膜膜太太阳阳 能能电电池池的的效效率率提提高高 11--22%%。。 The substrate 10 is selected from a variety of ultra-thin glass products from Coming Incorporated, such as Lotus Glass, Willow Glass, and Gorilla Glass. Figure 2 shows the relationship between the light transmittance of an ultra-thin glass and the wavelength of light. Referring to Fig. 2, the light transmittances of three ultra-thin glasses with thicknesses of 0.05 mm, 0.1 ram and 0.2 mm are the same as the wavelength of light, and the transmittance is in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 350 nm. The increase of the wavelength of the wave is large and rapidly increases rapidly and increases; when the wavelength of the light wave is longer than the visible light band of 335500 nnmm, the increase of the transmittance rate increases greatly. Slowly, and gradually gradually saturate and become a number of often larger than 9900%. . However, in the optical wave band segment of the above-mentioned 220000-335500 nnmm, the thickness of the ultra-thin thin glass glass is thicker for a specific wave wavelength. The smaller the smaller the smaller the transmittance rate, the larger the transmission rate. . In the existing thin film film solar solar cell technology, a general selection of glass glass with a thickness of 33..22mmmm is used as a lining. Bottom bottom, as can be known from the above conclusions, the transmittance rate of the short-wavelength long-light light is much smaller than that of the ultra-thin thin glass glass. The light transmissive property of the thin film film battery cell is relatively poor. . Therefore, the selection of the ultra-thin thin glass glass as the lining substrate has the effect of increasing the transmission rate of the added light. . In addition, the thinner glass fiber glass is selected as the backing substrate, and the absorption rate of the photo-electrical electro-conversion conversion layer on the short-wavelength band light is also The higher the height, the higher the efficiency efficiency of the thin film film solar cell can be increased by 11-22%. .
图图 33显显示示了了两两种种厚厚度度的的超超薄薄玻玻璃璃的的弯弯曲曲应应力力与与其其弯弯曲曲半半径径的的关关系系。。 参参照照 图图 33 ,, 厚厚度度为为 00,,22mmmm的的超超薄薄玻玻璃璃其其对对应应于于任任何何弯弯曲曲半半径径的的弯弯曲曲应应力力均均大大于于厚厚 度度为为 00..11mmmm的的超超薄薄玻玻璃璃。。 因因此此玻玻璃璃的的厚厚度度越越小小，， 对对应应于于同同一一弯弯曲曲半半径径其其弯弯曲曲 应应力力就就越越小小，， 当当对对其其做做弯弯曲曲加加工工时时就就越越容容易易，， 也也越越不不容容易易发发生生破破裂裂。。 对对应应于于 00..11mmmm的的超超薄薄玻玻璃璃，，在在弯弯曲曲半半径径为为 1100-- 33(())ccmm的的较较大大范范围围内内，，弯弯曲曲应应力力趋趋近近于于 00,, 只只有有当当弯弯曲曲半半径径小小于于 IICCkkmm,, 接接近近 55eemm时时，， 弯弯曲曲应应力力才才有有了了显显著著上上升升。。 将将最最小小 弯弯曲曲半半径径定定义义为为在在一一定定加加工工条条件件下下，， 玻玻璃璃在在达达到到一一特特定定的的阈阈值值应应力力时时的的弯弯曲曲 半半径径，， 则则最最小小半半径径越越小小，， 玻玻璃璃的的可可弯弯曲曲性性越越好好。。 如如果果用用最最小小弯弯曲曲半半径径来来表表征征 超超薄薄玻玻璃璃弯弯曲曲性性的的优优良良程程度度，， 由由图图 33可可知知，， 所所述述 00,,11mmmm的的超超薄薄玻玻璃璃具具有有最最优优 的的弯弯曲曲性性能能，， 其其最最小小弯弯曲曲半半径径可可达达 1100ccmm以以下下。。  Figure 33 shows the relationship between the bending stress and the bending radius of the ultra-thin thin glass glass with two thicknesses and thicknesses. . Referring to Figure 33, the ultra-thin thin glass glass with a thickness of 00, 22 mmmm has a corresponding bending stress corresponding to any bending radius of the radius. The average is larger than the ultra-thin thin glass glass with a thickness of 00..11mmmm. . Therefore, the thicker thickness of the glass glass is smaller and smaller, and the corresponding stress should be smaller and smaller as the corresponding radius of the same radius bends. The more it is easier and easier to do the bending and bending work, the more it is not easy to easily break and crack. . For the ultra-thin thin glass glass corresponding to 00..11mmmm, within a relatively large range of the radius of the radius of the radius of 1100--33 (()) ccmm, The bending stress should be close to 00, and only when the radius of the bend is less than IICCkkmm, when it is close to 55eemm, the bending stress should be It is markedly rising. . The minimum and minimum bending radius will be defined as the threshold value of the glass glass in a certain fixed processing bar condition. The semi-radius diameter of the bending moment should be the stress, and the smaller the minimum half-radius diameter, the better the cocoa bendability of the glass frit. . For example, if the semi-radius diameter of the smallest bend is used to characterize the excellent good degree of goodness of the ultra-thin thin glass glass, it can be known from FIG. The ultra-thin thin glass glazing material of the above-mentioned 00, 11 mmmm has the most optimal bending and bending property performance, and the minimum and small bending radius of the radius can reach up to 1100 ccmm. Below. .
因因此此选选用用超超薄薄玻玻璃璃做做衬衬底底 1100的的另另一一功功效效是是可可以以方方便便的的将将平平面面的的薄薄膜膜太太阳阳 能能电电池池板板加加工工成成具具有有一一定定弧弧度度的的弯弯曲曲电电池池板板，， 而而厚厚度度较较小小的的超超薄薄玻玻璃璃可可弯弯曲曲 性性好好 ,, 从从而而可可以以制制成成弯弯曲曲半半径径较较 dd、、的的太太阳阳能能电电池池板板。。 具具体体选选用用何何种种厚厚度度的的超超 薄薄玻玻璃璃，， 取取决决于于最最终终的的弯弯曲曲电电池池组组件件的的曲曲率率，， 曲曲率率越越大大，， 则则应应选选用用最最小小弯弯曲曲
Figure imgf000011_0001
Therefore, another alternative effect of using the ultra-thin thin glass glass to make the substrate bottom 1100 is that it is convenient to use a thin film film of a flat plane surface. The solar solar energy battery pool plate processing and processing is formed into a curved curved electric battery pool plate having a certain arc curvature, and the ultra-thin thin glass having a small thickness and a small thickness is formed. The glass glass cocoa has good bending and bending properties, and thus it can be made into a solar solar cell panel with a semi-radius diameter of dd and Φ. . The ultra-thin thin glass glass with a specific thickness and thickness is selected according to the specific body thickness, and the curvature rate of the curved and curved electric battery cell assembly component determined by the final end is selected, The greater the curvature rate, the smaller the curvature should be selected.
Figure imgf000011_0001
但是在实际应用中， 选用的超薄玻璃厚度越小， 其强度也越小， 很容易 界压力或雨水冲刷下发生破损。 同时在制造过.程中也容易破碎， 降低生 更厚的玻璃做衬底， 以增强所述衬底 10的强度。 However, in practical applications, the smaller the thickness of the ultra-thin glass selected, the smaller the strength, and it is easy to break under pressure or rain. At the same time, it is easy to break and reduce the life during the manufacturing process. Thicker glass is used as the substrate to enhance the strength of the substrate 10.
一般的， 超薄玻璃弯曲时表面的弯曲张应力与其厚度的关系为:  In general, the relationship between the bending tensile stress of the surface and the thickness of the ultra-thin glass is:
其中 σ·为最大表面弯曲张应力， 为超薄玻璃的厚度， ?为弯曲半径， E为 玻璃的杨氏模量。 图 4给出了更多种厚度的超薄玻璃的弯曲应力和弯曲半径 的关系。 参照图 4, 厚度在 1mm以下的超薄玻璃的可弯曲性都非常好。 在弯 曲半径为 30cm时， 厚度为（),5mm的超薄玻璃的最大表面弯曲张应力约为 60MPa, 厚度为 0,3mm的超薄玻璃的约为 30MPa。 若选用（).35mm的超薄玻 璃， 根据上述公式， 代入玻璃的杨氏模量 90GPa， 可知其最大表面弯曲张应 力为 52。5MPa。 虽然玻璃的本征强度约达 200MPa， 但在实际应用中要求超薄 玻璃的最大表面弯曲张应力在 50MPa附近， 以防止因表面缺陷造成的破碎。 因此， 厚度为 0,35mm的超薄玻璃可以满足这.种要求。 Where σ· is the maximum surface bending tensile stress, which is the thickness of the ultra-thin glass, ? is the bending radius, and E is the Young's modulus of the glass. Figure 4 shows the relationship between the bending stress and the bending radius of ultrathin glass of various thicknesses. Referring to Fig. 4, the ultra-thin glass having a thickness of 1 mm or less has excellent bendability. When the bending radius is 30 cm, the maximum surface bending tensile stress of the ultra-thin glass having a thickness of (), 5 mm is about 60 MPa, and the ultra-thin glass having a thickness of 0, 3 mm is about 30 MPa. If the ().35mm ultra-thin glass is selected, according to the above formula, the Young's modulus of the glass is 90GPa, and the maximum surface bending stress is 52. 5MPa. Although the intrinsic strength of the glass is about 200 MPa, in practical applications, the maximum surface bending tensile stress of the ultra-thin glass is required to be around 50 MPa to prevent breakage due to surface defects. Therefore, ultra-thin glass with a thickness of 0,35 mm can meet this requirement.
在.^ ^明优选的实施例中， 所述超薄玻璃衬底的弯曲半径大于 30em， 因 此所述超薄玻璃衬底的厚度为 0.35- imm。 在本发明的进一步优选的实施例 中， 为增强所述超薄玻璃衬底的机械强度， 所述超薄玻璃衬底的厚度大于 0.5mm, 或所述超薄玻璃村底为经过：化学钢化处理的玻璃，例如可以选用康宁 公司出产的猩猩玻璃。  In a preferred embodiment, the ultra-thin glass substrate has a bending radius greater than 30 em, and thus the ultra-thin glass substrate has a thickness of 0.35 - imm. In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to enhance the mechanical strength of the ultra-thin glass substrate, the thickness of the ultra-thin glass substrate is greater than 0.5 mm, or the ultra-thin glass substrate is subjected to: chemical tempering For the treated glass, for example, the orangutan glass produced by Corning can be used.
在本发明优选的实施例中， 所述衬底 10的弯曲半径大于 lm, 参照图 4, 此时可以选用 1mm的超薄玻璃作为所述村底 10。  In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the substrate 10 has a bending radius greater than lm. Referring to Figure 4, an ultra-thin glass of 1 mm may be selected as the substrate 10.
相对于聚.合物衬底， 所述超薄玻璃衬底还具有耐高温， 隔绝环境侵蚀性 能好的 点。  The ultra-thin glass substrate also has a high temperature resistance and good environmental corrosion resistance with respect to the polymer substrate.
第一电极 20连续设置在衬底 10上， 相对于传统的在衬底上用绝缘物质 分割出多个电池块而言， 工艺简单， 在应用于弯曲组件时， 能够与弯曲结构 紧密结合为一体， 较为美观。 The first electrode 20 is continuously disposed on the substrate 10. Compared with the conventional method of dividing a plurality of battery blocks with an insulating material on the substrate, the process is simple, and when applied to a curved component, the curved structure can be Closely integrated into one, more beautiful.
第一电极 20与第二电极 40的透光性相等， 且均为全透明薄膜。 全透性 薄膜使得更多的阳光能透过汽车天窗或建筑物玻璃， 有助于提高车厢内或室 内的照明亮度。  The first electrode 20 and the second electrode 40 have the same light transmittance and are all transparent films. The fully permeable film allows more sunlight to pass through the sunroof or building glass, helping to increase the brightness of the interior or interior of the car.
在本发明的其他实施例中， 位于衬底 10之上的第一电极 20为全透明薄 膜， 位于光电转换层之上的第二电极 40为非全透明薄膜。 使用非全透明薄膜 做第二电极 40有助于将透过光电转换层的光反射回光电转换层中， 提高了光 吸收率， 进而提高了电池效率。  In other embodiments of the invention, the first electrode 20 over the substrate 10 is a fully transparent film and the second electrode 40 over the photoelectric conversion layer is a non-transparent film. The use of the non-transparent film as the second electrode 40 helps to reflect the light transmitted through the photoelectric conversion layer back into the photoelectric conversion layer, thereby improving the light absorptivity and further improving the cell efficiency.
第一电极 20与第二电极 40的材料均为透明导电氧化物， 如图 1所示的 本.发明的一种优选的实施例中， 第一电极 20与第二电极 40均为氧化锌薄膜， 在本发明的其他优选的实施例中， 所述第一、 第二电极还包括氧化锌， 氧化锡 或石墨烯中的一种。  The materials of the first electrode 20 and the second electrode 40 are both transparent conductive oxides. In a preferred embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 1, the first electrode 20 and the second electrode 40 are both zinc oxide films. In other preferred embodiments of the present invention, the first and second electrodes further include one of zinc oxide, tin oxide or graphene.
光电转换层 3()包括非晶硅、 微晶硅、 多晶硅和单晶硅薄膜中的一种或多 种， 所述非晶硅、 微晶硅、 多晶硅或单晶硅薄膜形成包含一个 p- n或 p- i- n结 的单结结构， 或包含多个 p- n或 p i- n结的多结结构。  The photoelectric conversion layer 3 () includes one or more of amorphous silicon, microcrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, and single crystal silicon thin film, and the amorphous silicon, microcrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, or single crystal silicon thin film is formed to include one p- A single junction structure of n or p-i-n junctions, or a multi-junction structure comprising a plurality of p-n or p i-n junctions.
在本发明其他俛选的实施例中， 所述光电转换层包括碲化镉薄膜、 铜铟 镓锡薄膜和有机半导体薄膜中的一种或多种。  In other alternative embodiments of the invention, the photoelectric conversion layer comprises one or more of a cadmium telluride film, a copper indium gallium tin film, and an organic semiconductor film.
图 5为本发明所公开的太阳能汽车天窗的一种优选的实施方式的示意图， 参照图 5, 所述太阳能汽车天窗包括:所述薄膜太阳能电池板和天窗玻璃 300。 所述薄膜太阳能电池板包括超薄玻璃衬底 100和位于所述超薄玻璃衬底上的 薄膜电池组 200, 所述薄膜电^组 200由所述第一电极、 所述光电转换层和所 述第二电极构成。 所述光电转换层包括 P型层 31、 N型层 33 , 在本发明的某 些优选的实施方式中， 所述光电转换层还包括位于所述 P型层 31、 N型层 33 之间的 I型层 32。  FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of a solar vehicle sunroof disclosed in the present invention. Referring to FIG. 5, the solar vehicle sunroof includes: the thin film solar panel and the skylight glass 300. The thin film solar panel includes an ultra-thin glass substrate 100 and a thin film battery pack 200 on the ultra-thin glass substrate, the thin film module 200 is composed of the first electrode, the photoelectric conversion layer, and The second electrode is constructed. The photoelectric conversion layer includes a P-type layer 31 and an N-type layer 33. In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the photoelectric conversion layer further includes a layer between the P-type layer 31 and the N-type layer 33. Type I layer 32.
所述汽车天窗玻璃 300具有朝向车内的下表面 320以及朝向车外的上表 面 310 , 所述薄膜太阳能电池板可以贴合在所述汽车天窗玻璃 300的上表面 310上， 也可以贴合在所述天窗玻璃 300的下表面 320上。 参照图 5和图 1 , 当所述薄膜太阳能电池板贴合在所述天窗玻璃 300的上表面 310时， 所述 P 型层 31紧邻所述第一电极 20设置。 当所述薄膜太阳能电池板贴合在所述天 窗玻璃 300的下表面 320时， 所述 N型层 33紧邻所述第一电极 20设置。 这 样使得所述 P型层 31始终朝着太阳光的方向。 由于非晶硅薄膜中电子的迁移 率大于空穴的迁移率， 电子的寿命也大于空穴的寿命， P型层 31中产生的电 子能通过漂移和扩散运动穿过 1层从而被电极收集； 但如果 11型层 33接受光 照产生载流子， n型层 33中产生的空穴由于迁移率和寿命较小， 艮容易在穿 过 I层的时候 i 合而被损失掉。 因此所述 P型层 31始终朝着太阳光的方向 有利于提高载流子的收集率， 进而提高太阳能电池板的光能量转换效率。 The automobile sunroof glass 300 has a lower surface 320 facing the interior of the vehicle and an upper surface facing the outside of the vehicle. The thin film solar panel may be attached to the upper surface 310 of the automotive sunroof glass 300 or may be attached to the lower surface 320 of the sunroof glass 300. Referring to FIG. 5 and FIG. 1, when the thin film solar cell panel is attached to the upper surface 310 of the sunroof glass 300, the P-type layer 31 is disposed adjacent to the first electrode 20. When the thin film solar cell panel is attached to the lower surface 320 of the sunroof glass 300, the N-type layer 33 is disposed adjacent to the first electrode 20. This causes the P-type layer 31 to always face the direction of the sunlight. Since the mobility of electrons in the amorphous silicon film is greater than the mobility of the holes, the lifetime of the electrons is also greater than the lifetime of the holes, and the electrons generated in the P-type layer 31 pass through the layer by drift and diffusion to be collected by the electrodes; However, if the 11-type layer 33 receives light to generate carriers, the holes generated in the n-type layer 33 are easily lost when passing through the I layer due to the small mobility and lifetime. Therefore, the P-type layer 31 is always oriented toward the direction of sunlight to improve the collection rate of carriers, thereby improving the light energy conversion efficiency of the solar panel.
在本发明优选的实施例中， 所述.糖电极（图中未示）通过导线与汽车电 源系统及其一负载连接， 所述负载包括车厢内的风扇、 照明灯和电子娱乐系 统中的至少一种。  In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sugar electrode (not shown) is connected to the vehicle power supply system and a load thereof via a wire, and the load includes at least a fan, an illumination lamp, and an electronic entertainment system in the vehicle compartment. One.
在本发明一种犹选的实施例中， 所述天窗玻璃 300为具有一定弯曲幅度 的刚性玻璃， 所述薄膜太阳能电池板与所述天窗玻璃弯曲幅度相同。  In an embodiment of the present invention, the sunroof glass 300 is a rigid glass having a certain bending amplitude, and the thin film solar panel has the same bending amplitude as the sunroof glass.
在本发明另一种优选的实施例中， 所述天窗玻璃为刚性玻璃， 所述薄膜 太阳能电池板与所述天窗玻璃的弯曲幅度不同， 所述薄膜太阳能电池板安装 在与所述天窗玻璃相对应的位置。  In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sunroof glass is a rigid glass, the thin film solar panel is different from the curvature of the sunroof glass, and the thin film solar panel is installed in the skylight glass. Corresponding location.
在本发明其他优选的实施例中， 所述天窗玻璃为没有弯曲幅度的刚性玻 璃， 所述薄膜太阳能电池板安装在与所述天窗玻璃相对应的位置。  In other preferred embodiments of the invention, the sunroof glass is a rigid glass having no bending amplitude, and the thin film solar panel is mounted at a position corresponding to the sunroof glass.
本发明还提供了一种太阳能汽车天窗的制作方法， 参照图 6, 所述制作方 法包括如下步  The present invention also provides a method for manufacturing a solar vehicle sunroof. Referring to FIG. 6, the manufacturing method includes the following steps.
S1. 提供一成型的汽车天窗玻璃，和一超薄玻璃衬底， 所述超薄玻璃衬底 的厚度为 0,1- lmm， 所述超薄玻璃衬底具有可弯曲性； 52. 在所述超薄玻璃衬底上沉积依次沉积第一电极、光电转换层和第二电 极， 以形成薄膜电池组； S1. Providing a molded automobile sunroof glass, and an ultra-thin glass substrate, wherein the ultra-thin glass substrate has a thickness of 0,1-lmm, and the ultra-thin glass substrate has flexibility; 52. Depositing a first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer, and a second electrode on the ultra-thin glass substrate to form a thin film battery;
53. 用激光分别对所述第一电极、光电转换层和第二电极进行刻线， 用以 将所述薄膜电池组分割成诸多较小的电池单元并做串联和并联连接;  53. The first electrode, the photoelectric conversion layer and the second electrode are respectively scribed by a laser to divide the thin film battery into a plurality of smaller battery cells and connected in series and in parallel;
54. 对所述薄膜电池组做激光或化学刻蚀处理，用以提高所述薄膜电池组 的透光性；  54. Performing a laser or chemical etching treatment on the thin film battery pack to improve light transmittance of the thin film battery pack;
55. 设置柵电极， 形成薄膜太阳能电池板；  55. setting a gate electrode to form a thin film solar panel;
56. 将所述薄膜太阳能电 ^板与所述天窗玻璃结合，使得所述薄膜电池组 被封装于所述超薄玻璃衬底与所述天窗玻璃之间， 形成可工作的太阳能汽车 天窗。  56. Combining the thin film solar panel with the sunroof glass such that the thin film battery pack is packaged between the ultra-thin glass substrate and the sunroof glass to form a workable solar car sunroof.
本发明所提供的太阳能汽车天窗中的薄膜太阳能电池板在各层薄膜在形 成过程中都是连续的， 只是在镀膜完成之后的步驟 S3中才用激光刻线切割成 较小的电池单元， 因而制作工艺更为简单， 提高了制备效率， 也使得薄膜太 阳能电池板与弯曲的天窗玻璃紧密贴合， 呈一体化结构， 外表更为美观。  The thin film solar panel in the solar vehicle sunroof provided by the present invention is continuous in the formation process of each layer of the film, but is cut into smaller battery cells by laser reticle in step S3 after the coating is completed. The manufacturing process is simpler, the preparation efficiency is improved, and the thin film solar panel is closely adhered to the curved skylight glass, and has an integrated structure, and the appearance is more beautiful.
本发明所提供的太阳能汽车天窗的制作方法将具有可弯曲超薄玻璃衬底 的所述太阳能电池板与天窗玻璃通过弯曲处理直接结合， 形成牢固的具有一 定弧度的太阳能电池板， 由于在镀膜过程中超薄玻璃衬底仍处于平面形式， 工艺条件都不需要做任何改变， 避.免了通常在制造弯曲电^板时所遇到的问 题和额外成本的增加， 极大的增加了设备和制备工艺方法对各种弯曲幅度的 天窗玻璃的普遍适用性。 因此， 本发明所提供的太阳能汽车天窗的制作方法 适用于制造各种弯曲幅度的太阳能汽车天窗。  The solar cell sunroof provided by the invention provides a solar cell panel with a flexible ultra-thin glass substrate and a skylight glass directly combined by bending treatment to form a solid solar panel with a certain curvature, due to the coating process. The ultra-thin glass substrate is still in a flat form, and the process conditions do not need to be changed. This avoids the problems and extra costs that are usually encountered in the manufacture of curved plates, greatly increasing the equipment and The general applicability of the preparation process to skylight glass of various bending amplitudes. Therefore, the manufacturing method of the solar vehicle sunroof provided by the present invention is suitable for manufacturing solar vehicle sunroofs of various bending widths.
在本发明优选的实施方式中， 使用层压工艺将所述薄膜太阳能电池板与 所述天窗玻璃结合， 用以封装所述薄膜太阳能电池板， 使其与周围环境相隔 绝， 并形成可稳定工作的太阳能汽车天窗。 所述层压工艺在高压釜中进行， 或釆用曲面真空层压法进行层压。 所述层压工艺的材料选用 EVA、 PVB或离 子键树脂。 In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thin film solar panel is combined with the skylight glass by a lamination process for encapsulating the thin film solar panel to isolate it from the surrounding environment and form a stable operation. Solar car sunroof. The lamination process is carried out in an autoclave or by lamination using a curved vacuum lamination process. The material of the lamination process is EVA, PVB or away Sub-key resin.
在本发明其他俛选的实施方式中， 采用粘结工艺将所述薄膜太阳能电池 板与所述天窗玻璃相结合， 形成可稳定工作的太阳能汽车天窗。 所述粘结工 艺选用杜邦公司生产的 "文泰科" （ Vertak )粘结剂。  In other alternative embodiments of the invention, the thin film solar panel is bonded to the sunroof glass using a bonding process to form a solar car sunroof that is stable for operation. The bonding process uses a Vertak adhesive produced by DuPont.
在本发明优选的实施方式中， 所述第一电极和第二电极的透光性相等， 且均为全透明薄膜。 这提高了薄膜太阳能电池板的透光性。 在本发明的其他 实施方式中， 所述第一电极为全透明薄膜， 所述第二电极为非透明薄膜。 所 述非透明薄膜可以将透过光电转换层的光反射回去， 提高了电池的光吸收率 和效率.。  In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first electrode and the second electrode have the same light transmittance and are all transparent films. This improves the light transmission of the thin film solar panel. In another embodiment of the invention, the first electrode is a fully transparent film, and the second electrode is a non-transparent film. The opaque film reflects the light transmitted through the photoelectric conversion layer, thereby improving the light absorption rate and efficiency of the battery.
所述第一电极与第二电极的材料均为透明导电氧化物 ., 所述透明导电氧 化物为氧化锌、 氧化锡、 氧化铟锡和石墨婦中的一种。  The materials of the first electrode and the second electrode are both transparent conductive oxides, and the transparent conductive oxide is one of zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium tin oxide and graphite.
光电转换层包括非晶硅、 微晶硅、 多晶硅和单晶硅薄膜中的一种或多种， 如图 1所示的本发明的优选的实施例中， 光电转换层为由非晶硅 11型摻杂层、 本征层和 p型摻杂层构成的 p— i— n型结构。一般的，光电转换层包含由非晶硅、 微晶硅、 多晶硅或单晶硅薄膜形成的 p— n或 p— i— n结单结结构， 或多个 p— n结 及 p- i- n结的多结结构。 在本发明的其他优选的实施例中， 所述光电转换层包 括碲化镉薄膜、 铜铟镓锡薄膜和有机半导体薄膜中的一种或多种。 The photoelectric conversion layer includes one or more of amorphous silicon, microcrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, and single crystal silicon thin film. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention as shown in FIG. 1, the photoelectric conversion layer is made of amorphous silicon 11 A p-i- n type structure composed of a doped layer, an intrinsic layer and a p-type doped layer. Generally, the photoelectric conversion layer comprises a p- n or p-i- n junction single junction structure formed of amorphous silicon, microcrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon or a single crystal silicon thin film, or a plurality of p- n junctions and p-i- Multi-junction structure of n-junction. In other preferred embodiments of the present invention, the photoelectric conversion layer includes one or more of a cadmium telluride film, a copper indium gallium tin film, and an organic semiconductor film.
当用于制备所述第一、 第二电极或所述光电转换层的工艺方法的工艺温 度接近玻璃应变点 （ strain point )时， 超薄玻璃容易产生变形， 因而应该尽可 能使工艺温度远离玻璃应变点。 超薄玻璃的应变点的变化范围为 650- 700 °C, 其他超薄玻璃的应变点也在类似的范围内变动。 因此， 所述工艺方法的工艺 温庹 _低于 600 °C, 以防止所述超薄玻璃衬底在沉积过.程中发生变形。  When the process temperature of the process for preparing the first, second electrode or the photoelectric conversion layer is close to a glass strain point, the ultra-thin glass is easily deformed, so that the process temperature should be kept away from the glass as much as possible. Strain point. The strain point of ultra-thin glass varies from 650 to 700 °C, and the strain points of other ultra-thin glass also vary within a similar range. Therefore, the process temperature of the process is lower than 600 ° C to prevent deformation of the ultra-thin glass substrate during deposition.
一般的， 用于制备透明氧化物薄膜的 LPCVD方法的工艺温度为 180- 210°C， MOCVD方法的工艺温度可低至 500°C， 而 APCVD方法的工艺温 度在 450°C 左右， 用于制备硅基光电转换层薄膜的 PECVD的工艺温度一般 在 300°C以下， 以上工艺方法都满足工艺温度小于 600。C的要求。 因此， 所 述第一、 第二电极用 LPCVD、 MOCVD或 APCVD工艺方法制备， 所述光电 转换层用 PECVD工艺方法制备。 Generally, the process temperature of the LPCVD method for preparing a transparent oxide film is 180-210 ° C, the process temperature of the MOCVD method can be as low as 500 ° C, and the process temperature of the APCVD method is about 450 ° C, which is used for preparation. The temperature of the PECVD process of the silicon-based photoelectric conversion layer film is generally Below 300 ° C, the above process methods meet the process temperature of less than 600. C requirements. Therefore, the first and second electrodes are prepared by a LPCVD, MOCVD or APCVD process, and the photoelectric conversion layer is prepared by a PECVD process.
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例披露如上， 但本发明并非限定于此。 任何本 领域技术人员， 在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内， 均可作各种更动与修改， 人员而言， 显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节， 而且在不背离本发 明的精神或基本特征的情况下， 能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。 因此， 无论从哪一点来看， 均应将实施例看作是示范性的， 而且是非限制性的， 本 发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定， 因此旨在将落在权利要求 的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化嚢括在本发明内。 不应将权利要求中 此外， 应当理解， 虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述， 但并非每个实 施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案， 说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起. 见， 本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体， 各实施例中的技术方案也 可以经适当组合， 形成本领域技术 Λ·员可以理解的其他实施方式。 此外， 应 当理解， 虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述， 但并非每个实施方式仅包含 一个独立的技术方案， 说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚.起见， 本领域技 术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体， 各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组 合， 形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。  Although the invention has been disclosed above in the preferred embodiments, the invention is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and it is obvious that the invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and without departing from the invention. The present invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the present embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims All changes in the meaning and scope of equivalent elements are included in the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that the description is not to be construed as a single embodiment of the invention, and the description of the specification is merely for clarity. See, The skilled person should have the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in the respective embodiments can also be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art. In addition, it should be understood that although the description is described in terms of embodiments, not every embodiment includes only one independent technical solution, and the description of the specification is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a In general, the technical solutions in the embodiments may also be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

WO 2014/180282 . ^ 丄、 PCT/CN2014/076728  WO 2014/180282 . ^ 丄, PCT/CN2014/076728
杈 利 要 求 书  要利要要
1. —种太阳能汽车天窗， 所述太阳能汽车天窗包括天窗玻璃和薄膜太阳能电 池板， 其特征在于， 所述薄膜太阳能电池板包括衬底、 位于所述衬底上的 第一电极、 位于所述第一电极上的光电转换层、 位于所述光电转换层上的 第二电极和柵电极, 所述衬底为超薄玻璃衬底， 所述超薄玻璃衬底的厚度 为（).1- lmm， 所述超薄玻璃衬底具有可弯曲性， 其最小弯曲半径可达 l Oem 以下， 所述第一电极在形成过程中连续设置在所述衬底上。 1. A solar vehicle sunroof, the solar vehicle sunroof comprising a skylight glass and a thin film solar panel, wherein the thin film solar panel comprises a substrate, a first electrode on the substrate, located at a photoelectric conversion layer on the first electrode, a second electrode and a gate electrode on the photoelectric conversion layer, the substrate is an ultra-thin glass substrate, and the thickness of the ultra-thin glass substrate is (1. Lmm, the ultra-thin glass substrate has flexibility, and the minimum bending radius is up to 10 Oem, and the first electrode is continuously disposed on the substrate during formation.
2. 如权利要求 1所述的太阳能汽车天窗， 其特征在于， 所述超薄玻璃衬底的 弯曲半径大于 30em , 所述超薄玻璃衬底的厚度为 0,35- lmm。  The solar vehicle sunroof according to claim 1, wherein the ultra-thin glass substrate has a bending radius of more than 30em, and the ultra-thin glass substrate has a thickness of 0, 35-lmm.
3. 如权利要求 1所述的太阳能汽车天窗， 其特征在于， 所述第一电极为所述 第一电极为全透明薄膜， 所述第二电极为非全透明薄膜。  The solar vehicle sunroof according to claim 1, wherein the first electrode is a fully transparent film, and the second electrode is a non-transparent film.
4. 如权利要求 1所述的太阳能汽车天窗， 其特征在于， 所述第一、 第二电极 的透光性相等， 且均为全透明薄膜。  The solar vehicle sunroof according to claim 1, wherein the first and second electrodes have the same light transmittance and are all transparent films.
5. 如权利要求 2至 4中任一项所述的太阳能汽车天窗， 其特征在于， 所述第 一、 第二电极的材料均为透明导电氧化物， 所述透明导电氧化物包括氧化 锌、 氧化锡、 氧化铟锡和石墨烯中的一种。  The solar vehicle sunroof according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the materials of the first and second electrodes are transparent conductive oxides, and the transparent conductive oxide comprises zinc oxide. One of tin oxide, indium tin oxide, and graphene.
6. 如权利要求 5所述的太阳能汽车天窗， 其特征在于， 所述光电转换层包括 非晶硅、 微晶硅、 多晶硅和单晶硅薄膜中的一种或多种， 所述非晶硅、 微 晶硅、 多晶硅或单晶硅薄膜形成包含一个 p- n结或 p- i n结的单结结构， 或 形成包含多个 p- 11结及 p- i- n结的多结结构。  The solar vehicle sunroof according to claim 5, wherein the photoelectric conversion layer comprises one or more of amorphous silicon, microcrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, and single crystal silicon thin film, the amorphous silicon The microcrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon or single crystal silicon film forms a single junction structure comprising a p-n junction or a p-in junction, or a multi-junction structure comprising a plurality of p- 11 junctions and p-i-n junctions.
7. 如权刹要求 5所述的太阳能汽车天窗， 其特征在于， 所述光电转换层包括 碲化镉薄膜、 铜铟镓.锡薄膜和有机半导体薄膜中的一种或多种。  7. The solar vehicle sunroof according to claim 5, wherein the photoelectric conversion layer comprises one or more of a cadmium telluride film, a copper indium gallium film, a tin film, and an organic semiconductor film.
8. 如权利要求 7所述的太阳能汽车天窗， 其特征在于， 所述衬底的弯曲半径 大于 lm0 8. The solar vehicle sunroof according to claim 7, wherein the bending radius of the substrate Greater than lm 0
9. 如权利要求 8所述的的太阳能汽车天窗， 其特征在于， 所述天窗玻璃具有 朝向车内的下表面以及朝向车外的上表面， 所述薄膜太阳能电池板设置在 所述天窗玻璃的上表面上， 所述光电转换层包括 P型层、 N型层， 所述 P 型层紧邻所述第一电极设置。  9. The solar vehicle sunroof according to claim 8, wherein the sunroof glass has a lower surface facing the inside of the vehicle and an upper surface facing the outside of the vehicle, and the thin film solar panel is disposed on the sunroof glass On the upper surface, the photoelectric conversion layer includes a P-type layer and an N-type layer, and the P-type layer is disposed adjacent to the first electrode.
10.如权利要求 8所述的太阳能汽车天窗， 其特征在于， 所述天窗玻璃具有朝 向车内的下表面以及朝向车外的上表面， 所述薄膜太阳能电池板.设置在所 述天窗玻璃的下表面上， 所述光电转换层包括 P型层、 N型层， 所述 N型 层紧邻所述第一电极设置。  The solar vehicle sunroof according to claim 8, wherein the sunroof glass has a lower surface facing the inside of the vehicle and an upper surface facing the outside of the vehicle, the thin film solar panel being disposed on the sunroof glass On the lower surface, the photoelectric conversion layer includes a P-type layer and an N-type layer, and the N-type layer is disposed adjacent to the first electrode.
11.如权利要求 8所述的太阳能电池天窗， 其特征在于， 所述超薄玻璃衬底的 厚度大于 0。5mm , 用以增加所述薄膜太阳能电池板的机械强度。  The solar cell sunroof according to claim 8, wherein the ultra-thin glass substrate has a thickness greater than 0.5 mm for increasing the mechanical strength of the thin film solar panel.
12.如权刹要求 8所述的太阳能电池天窗， 其特征在于， 所述超薄玻璃衬底为 经过化学铜化处理的玻璃， 用以增加所述薄膜太阳能电池板的机械强度。  12. The solar cell sunroof according to claim 8, wherein the ultra-thin glass substrate is a chemically copperized glass for increasing the mechanical strength of the thin film solar panel.
13„如权利要求 1所述的太阳能汽车天窗， 其特征在于， 所述柵电极通过导线 与汽车电源系统及其一负载连接， 所述负载包括车厢内的风扇、 照明灯和 电子娱乐系统中的至少一种。  The solar vehicle sunroof according to claim 1, wherein the gate electrode is connected to a vehicle power supply system and a load thereof via a wire, the load including a fan in the vehicle compartment, an illumination lamp, and an electronic entertainment system. At least one.
14.如权^要求 1所述的太阳能汽车天窗， 其特征在于， 所述天窗玻璃为具有 一定弯曲幅度的刚性玻璃。  The solar vehicle sunroof according to claim 1, wherein the sunroof glass is a rigid glass having a certain bending width.
15.如权利要求 1所述的太阳能汽车天窗， 其特征在于， 所述天窗玻璃为刚性 玻璃， 所述薄膜太阳能电池板与所述天窗玻璃的弯曲幅度不同， 所述薄膜 太阳能电池板安装在与所述天窗玻璃相对应的位置。  The solar vehicle sunroof according to claim 1, wherein the sunroof glass is a rigid glass, and the thin film solar panel is different from the curved glass of the sunroof glass, and the thin film solar panel is installed in The corresponding position of the sunroof glass.
16.如权利要求 1 所述的太阳能汽车天窗， 其特征在于， 所述天窗玻璃为没有 弯曲幅度的剛性玻璃， 所述薄膜太阳能电池板安装在与所述天窗玻璃相对 应的位置。The solar vehicle sunroof according to claim 1, wherein the sunroof glass is not A rigid glass of a bending width, the thin film solar panel being mounted at a position corresponding to the sunroof glass.
,如权利要求 14所述的太阳能汽车天窗， 其特征在于， 所述薄膜太阳能电池 板.与所述天窗玻璃弯曲幅度相同。The solar vehicle sunroof according to claim 14, wherein the thin film solar cell panel has the same bending amplitude as the sunroof glass.
.如权^要求 1- Π中任一项所述的太阳能汽车天窗， 其制作方法包括：The solar vehicle sunroof according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the manufacturing method comprises:
51. 提.供一成型的汽车天窗玻璃， 和一超薄玻璃衬底， 所述超薄玻璃衬底 的厚度为 0.1-1瞧, 所迷超薄玻璃衬底具有可弯曲性; 51. For a molded automotive sunroof glass, and an ultra-thin glass substrate, the ultra-thin glass substrate has a thickness of 0.1-1 瞧, and the ultra-thin glass substrate has flexibility;
52. 在所述超薄玻璃衬底上沉积依次沉积第一电极、 光电转换层和第二电 极， 以形成薄膜电池组；  52. Depositing a first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer, and a second electrode on the ultra-thin glass substrate to form a thin film battery;
53. 用激光分别对所述第一电极、 光电转换层和第二电极.进行刻线， 用以 将所述薄膜电池组分割成诸多较小的电^单元并做串联和并联连接； 53. The first electrode, the photoelectric conversion layer and the second electrode are respectively scribed by a laser to divide the thin film battery into a plurality of smaller electric units and connected in series and in parallel;
54. 对所述薄膜电池组做激光或化学刻蚀处理， 用以提高所述薄膜电池组 的透光性； 54. Performing a laser or chemical etching treatment on the thin film battery pack to improve light transmittance of the thin film battery pack;
55. 设置栅电极， 形成薄膜太阳能电池板;  55. setting a gate electrode to form a thin film solar panel;
56. 将所述薄膜太阳能电池板与所述天窗玻璃结合， 使得所述薄膜电池组 被封装于所述超薄玻璃衬底与所述天窗玻璃之间， 形成可工作的太阳能汽 车天窗。 56. Combining the thin film solar panel with the sunroof glass such that the thin film battery pack is packaged between the ultra-thin glass substrate and the sunroof glass to form a operable solar vehicle sunroof.
.如权刹要求 18所述的太阳能汽车天窗的制作方法， 其特征在于，使用层压 工艺将所述薄膜太阳能电池板与所述天窗玻璃结合。 A method of fabricating a solar vehicle sunroof according to claim 18, wherein the thin film solar panel is bonded to the sunroof glass using a lamination process.
。如权利要求 18所述的太阳能汽车天窗的制作方法， 其特征在于，使用粘结 工艺将所述薄膜太阳能电池板与所述天窗玻璃粘合在一起。. A method of fabricating a solar vehicle sunroof according to claim 18, wherein said thin film solar panel is bonded to said sunroof glass using a bonding process.
,如权利要求 20所述的太阳能汽车天窗的制作方法， 其特征在于， 所述第一 电极为全透明薄膜， 所述第二电极为非全半透明薄膜。 The method of manufacturing a solar vehicle sunroof according to claim 20, wherein said first The electrode is a fully transparent film, and the second electrode is a non-translucent film.
如权利要求 20所述的太阳能汽车天窗的制作方法，其特征在于，所述第一、 第二电极的透光性相等， 且均为全透明薄膜。 A method of fabricating a solar vehicle sunroof according to claim 20, wherein said first and second electrodes have equal light transmittance and are all transparent films.
如权利要求 2] [或 22所述的太阳能汽车天窗的制作方法， 其特征在于， 所 述第一、 第二电极的材料均为透明导电氧化物， 所述透明导电氧化物包括 氧化锌、 氧化锡、 氧化铟锡和石墨烯中的一种。 The method for fabricating a solar vehicle sunroof according to claim 2, wherein the materials of the first and second electrodes are transparent conductive oxides, and the transparent conductive oxide comprises zinc oxide and oxidation. One of tin, indium tin oxide, and graphene.
如权利要求 23所述的太阳能汽车天窗的制作方法， 其特征在于， 用于制备 所述第一、 第二电极的工艺温度低于 600 C， 用以避免所述超薄玻璃衬底 发生形变。 The method of fabricating a solar vehicle sunroof according to claim 23, wherein a process temperature for preparing said first and second electrodes is lower than 600 C to prevent deformation of said ultra-thin glass substrate.
如权利要求 24所述的太阳能汽车天窗的制作方法，其特征在于，所述第一、 第二电极用 LPCVD或 APCVD方法制备。 A method of fabricating a solar vehicle sunroof according to claim 24, wherein said first and second electrodes are prepared by an LPCVD or APCVD method.
如权刹要求 25所述的太阳能汽车天窗的制作方法， 其特征在于， 所述光电 转换层包括非晶硅、 微晶硅、 多晶硅和单晶硅薄膜中的一种或多种， 所述 非晶硅、 微晶硅、 多晶硅或单晶硅薄膜形成包含一个 p- n结或 p- i- n结的单 结结构， 或形成包含多个 p n结及 p- i 11结的多结结构。 The method for fabricating a solar vehicle sunroof according to claim 25, wherein the photoelectric conversion layer comprises one or more of amorphous silicon, microcrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, and single crystal silicon thin film, and the non- The crystalline silicon, microcrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon or single crystal silicon thin film forms a single junction structure comprising a p-n junction or a p-i-n junction, or a multi-junction structure comprising a plurality of pn junctions and p-i 11 junctions.
如权利要求 26所述的太阳能汽车天窗的制作方法， 其特征在于， 用于制备 所述光电转换层的工艺温度低于 600 C， 用以避免所述超薄玻璃衬底发生 形变。 A method of fabricating a solar vehicle sunroof according to claim 26, wherein a process temperature for preparing said photoelectric conversion layer is lower than 600 C to prevent deformation of said ultra-thin glass substrate.
如权利要求 27所述的太阳能汽车天窗的制作方法， 其特征在于， 所述光电 转换层用 PECVD方法制备。 The method of fabricating a solar vehicle sunroof according to claim 27, wherein said photoelectric conversion layer is prepared by a PECVD method.
如权利要求 28所述的太阳能电池天窗的制作方法， 其特征在于， 所述光电 转换层包括碲化镉薄膜、铜铟镓锡薄膜和有机半导体薄膜中的一种或多种。 ,如权利要求 18所述的太阳能电池天窗的制作方法， 其特征在于， 所述天窗 玻璃具有朝向车内的下表面以及朝向车外的上表面， 所述薄膜太阳能电池 板设置在所述天窗玻璃的上表面上， 所述光电转换层包括 P型层、 N型层， 所述 P型层紧邻所述第一电极设置。The method of fabricating a solar cell sunroof according to claim 28, wherein the photoelectric conversion layer comprises one or more of a cadmium telluride film, a copper indium gallium tin film, and an organic semiconductor film. The method for manufacturing a solar cell sunroof according to claim 18, wherein the sunroof glass has a lower surface facing the inside of the vehicle and an upper surface facing the outside of the vehicle, and the thin film solar panel is disposed on the sunroof glass On the upper surface, the photoelectric conversion layer includes a P-type layer and an N-type layer, and the P-type layer is disposed adjacent to the first electrode.
L如权^要求 30所述的太阳能电池天窗的制作方法， 其特征在于， 所述超薄 玻璃衬底的厚度大于 0.5imm ,用以增加所述薄膜太阳能电池板的机械强度。The method for fabricating a solar cell sunroof according to claim 30, wherein the ultra-thin glass substrate has a thickness greater than 0.5 imm for increasing the mechanical strength of the thin film solar panel.
,如权利要求 30所述的太阳能电池天窗的制作方法， 其特征在于， 所述超薄 玻璃衬底为经过化学钢化处理的玻璃， 用以增加所述薄膜太阳能电池板的 机械强度。 The method for fabricating a solar cell sunroof according to claim 30, wherein the ultra-thin glass substrate is a chemically tempered glass for increasing the mechanical strength of the thin film solar panel.
.如权利要求 18所述的太阳能电池天窗的制作方法， 其特征在于， 所述天窗 玻璃具有朝向车内的下表面以及朝向车外的上表面, 所述薄膜太阳能电池 板设置在所述天窗玻璃的下表面上， 所述光电转换层包括 P型层、 N型层， 所述 N型层紧邻所述第一电极设置。  The method of manufacturing a solar cell sunroof according to claim 18, wherein the sunroof glass has a lower surface facing the inside of the vehicle and an upper surface facing the outside of the vehicle, and the thin film solar panel is disposed on the sunroof glass On the lower surface, the photoelectric conversion layer includes a P-type layer and an N-type layer, and the N-type layer is disposed adjacent to the first electrode.
。如权利要求 19所述的太阳能汽车天窗的制作方法， 其特征在于， 所述层压 工艺在高压釜中进行， 所述层压工艺为曲面真空层压法。 . A method of manufacturing a solar vehicle sunroof according to claim 19, wherein said laminating process is carried out in an autoclave, and said laminating process is a curved vacuum lamination method.
5.如权利要求 34所述的太阳能汽车天窗的制作方法， 其特征在于， 所述层压 工艺的材料选用 EVA、 PVB或离子键树脂。The method of manufacturing a solar vehicle sunroof according to claim 34, wherein the material of the laminating process is EVA, PVB or ionomer resin.
6.如权刹要求 20所述的太阳能汽车天窗的制作方法， 其特征在于， 所述粘结 工艺选用杜邦公司生产的 "文泰科" 粘结剂。 6. The method for manufacturing a solar vehicle sunroof according to claim 20, wherein the bonding process uses a "Ventaco" binder produced by DuPont.
。如权利要求 35或 36中任一项所述的太阳能汽车天窗的制作方法， 其特征 在于， 所述櫥电极通过导线与汽车电源系统及其一负载连 -接， 所述负载包 括车厢内的风扇、 照明灯和电子娱乐系统中的至少一种。  . The method for manufacturing a solar vehicle sunroof according to any one of claims 35 to 36, wherein the cabinet electrode is connected to the vehicle power supply system and a load thereof via a wire, and the load includes a fan in the vehicle compartment. At least one of a lighting, an electronic entertainment system.
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