CN102916067B - Building material type double-sided glass photovoltaic component and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Building material type double-sided glass photovoltaic component and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102916067B CN102916067B CN201110223696.0A CN201110223696A CN102916067B CN 102916067 B CN102916067 B CN 102916067B CN 201110223696 A CN201110223696 A CN 201110223696A CN 102916067 B CN102916067 B CN 102916067B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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Abstract
The invention discloses a building material type double-sided glass photovoltaic component, comprising a solar cell core panel, an upper protective layer and a lower protective layer which are arranged at the two sides of the solar cell core panel; the upper protective layer and the lower protective layer are curved glass with the same curvature, the solar cell core panel is made of flexible material, and the curvature of the solar cell core panel is the same to the curvature of the upper protective layer and the lower protective layer. The invention also discloses a manufacturing method for the building material type double-sided glass photovoltaic component. The solar cell core panel can be integrated with the upper protective layer and the lower protective layer into a whole, so that the building material type double-sided glass photovoltaic component is formed and has the features of high photoelectric conversion efficiency, stable performance, long service, safety and reliability, heat insulation, heat preservation, sound insulation, ultraviolet protection, breakage resistance and selective light transmission, certain lighting demand is met, the double-sided lighting power generation is also realized, meanwhile the appearance radian is attractive and elegant, the integration of solar energy and building is realized conveniently, and the building material type double-sided glass photovoltaic component is particularly applicable to various buildings such as a photovoltaic glass curtain wall with complicated curves and planes, a photovoltaic glass lighting roof, a photovoltaic parking shed and a photovoltaic bus shelter.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of photovoltaic component of building-material-type, particularly one can select that light-transmission type, photoelectric conversion efficiency are high, stable performance, life-span are long, safe and reliable, adopt flexible thin-film solar cell central layer and novel encapsulated technology, good looking appearance, conveniently realize building integration (BIPV), be particularly suitable for that the buildings such as complex-curved photovoltaic glass curtain wall, photovoltaic glass lighting roof and photovoltaic carport, photovoltaic waiting booth use, based on the building-material-type double-faced glass photovoltaic component of organic or inorganic base material.
Background technology
Solar photovoltaic technology develops into today, and the application of photovoltaic generation is more and more wider, and the application of building integration design (BIPV) is more and more universal, and becomes main trend gradually.As the southeast west vertical plane wall of solar energy power generating with roof or building combines, both reduce building energy consumption, in turn save installing space and the building decoration expense of solar components, and for example solar energy waiting booth, newsstand, awning etc.
What used together with building is all common crystal silicon solar battery assembly (comprising monocrystalline silicon and polysilicon solar cell), Thinfilm solar cell assembly (comprising the thin-film solar cells of amorphous silicon, polysilicon, microcrystal silicon, cadmium sulfide, cadmium telluride, GaAs, copper indium diselenide, Copper Indium Gallium Selenide, zinc phosphide or other multi-element compounds) in the past, and there is following shortcoming: 1, conventional solar module safety of structure is not high, can not, directly as building element, be only installing and Integration of building; 2, conventional solar module all adopts lighttight TPT (polyvinyl fluoride composite membrane) to do backboard protective material, and light transmission is very poor.Fig. 1 is common crystal silicon solar battery assembly and structural representation, and Fig. 2 is common amorphous silicon or other Thinfilm solar cell assemblies and structural representation.
Along with development and the market demand of solar-photovoltaic technology, occur that double-glass solar battery component is (also known as two glass photovoltaic component, main as building curtain wall), i.e. ultrawhite toughened glass+PVB/EVA glue+solar cell lamella+PVB/EVA glue+toughened glass, formed by laminating machine or the compacting of roll squeezer hot melt, described solar cell lamella is generally crystal silicon solar cell sheet, amorphous silicon solar cell module or other Thinfilm solar cell assemblies again.
As shown in Figure 3, be conventional crystalline silicon double-glass solar battery component and structural representation.There is following defect in conventional crystalline silicon double-glass solar battery component: 1, solar module is all plate, and style is single; 2, crystal silicon solar cell sheet is easily broken, is difficult to the photovoltaic module making radian (or radian is slightly large); 3, be not suitable for curved surface to install, require when meeting curved surface that radian design is as far as possible little and adopt the mode of polylith flat plate splicing, increasing installation difficulty and cost, and affect overall appearance; 4, it is in order to protect breakable crystal silicon chip, and often adopt thicker toughened glass to encapsulate, assembly mass area ratio is excessive, simultaneously higher to the requirement of strength of supporting construction, increases system cost; 5, by the spacing between adjustment crystalline silicon battery plate and reserved larger light-transmitting void meets the daylighting requirement of building, the energy output of unit are is reduced.
Due to toughened glass because internal stress causes glass surface out-of-flatness, and membrane uniformity and the quality of its surface coating can be affected, so amorphous silicon or other Thinfilm solar cell assemblies adopt: non-tempering ultra-clear glasses substrate+thin film solar pond lamella (repeatedly plated film and laser scribing)+PVB/EVA+TPT/ glass, then formed by laminating machine or the compacting of roll squeezer hot melt.Therefore amorphous silicon or other film double-glass solar battery components are generally on the front or the back side of amorphous silicon or other Thinfilm solar cell assemblies; the toughened glass being stained with protective effect with EVA/PVB glued membrane again forms, and its profile and structural representation are as illustrated in figures 4 and 4.There is following defect in traditional films double-glass solar battery component: 1, the masking mode of traditional films solar cell can not realize uniform coated on bending basal plane, makes amorphous silicon or other film double-sided glass solar battery components directly can not make flexure type; 2, be not suitable for curved surface to install, require when meeting curved surface that radian design is as far as possible little and adopt the mode of polylith flat plate splicing, increasing installation difficulty and cost, and affect overall appearance; 3, amorphous silicon or other thin-film solar cells all adopt lighttight AL film as back electrode, only have solar battery cell laser grooving and scribing gap can thoroughly trace light, whole assembly light transmission is very poor; 4, for meeting the daylighting requirement of building, general employing laser intersects delineates electrode A L (aluminium) film and thin film solar cell sheet layer, obtain much small battery unit and light-transmitting gap, so not only add the cost of laser grooving and scribing operation, also waste a lot of effective solar-electricity pool area.
Simultaneously, thin-film solar cells generally all adopts binode (PN+PN or PIN+PIN structure, P represents P-type conduction layer, I represents intrinsic layer, N represents N-type conductive layer) or the laminated construction form tied more, utilize the band gap difference of electronic potential (between material valence band and the conduction band) size of different knot layer (PN junction or PIN junction), absorb the photon of respective wavelength and produce photoelectric current, thus the absorption bands of the thin-film solar cells extended, improve photoelectric conversion efficiency.Many knots laminated construction of amorphous silicon or other thin-film solar cells as shown in Figure 5, as shown in Figure 5A, connect its equivalent circuit diagram successively by the solar cell tying layer up and down.Easily known by electric circuit knowledge, although the output voltage of thin-film solar cells is each knot layer voltage sum, its output current equals that electric current minimum when each knot layer exports separately.Meanwhile, the output voltage of solar cell is directly related with the band gap of material itself, and the change fluctuation with solar energy light intensity is less, and the change fluctuation of photoelectric current then with sun light intensity of solar cell is very large.So thin-film solar cells is by the impact of the mutual cascaded structure of internal junction layer, have lost more photoelectric current to a certain extent, thus decrease the photoelectric conversion efficiency of self.
Aesthetically building glass curtain wall is tending towards monolithic large scale or cambered design, so the solar module of routine all can not meet instructions for use.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above defect, the present invention aims to provide a kind of building-material-type double-faced glass photovoltaic component, and it is that one can select that light-transmission type, photoelectric conversion efficiency are high, stable performance, life-span are long, safe and reliable, adopt flexible thin-film solar cell central layer and novel encapsulated technology, good looking appearance, conveniently realize building integration (BIPV), be particularly suitable for all kinds of building such as arc photovoltaic curtain wall, photovoltaic lighting roof and photovoltaic carport, photovoltaic waiting booth etc. and use, based on the photovoltaic component of organic or inorganic base material.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
A kind of building-material-type double-faced glass photovoltaic component, comprises solar battery core board and is located at up-protective layer and the lower protective layer of solar battery core board both sides; It is characterized in that described up-protective layer and lower protective layer are the bend glass that bending curvature is identical, described solar battery core board is flexible material, and its bending curvature is also identical with the bending curvature of up-protective layer, lower protective layer.
Its further technical scheme is: be respectively equipped with glued membrane, lower glued membrane between described solar battery core board and up-protective layer, lower protective layer; The solar cell rete that described solar battery core board comprises flexible substrate and connects with flexible substrate.
Its further technical scheme is: described flexible substrate is metal forming or nonmetal flexible substrate; Described solar cell rete is thin-film solar cells layer; Described upper glued membrane, lower glued membrane are PVB film or EVA film.
Its further technical scheme is: described flexible substrate is provided with several through-hole structures, and described through-hole structure is circular hole, elliptical aperture, square hole, delthyrium, diamond hole or star-shaped aperture etc.; Described up-protective layer, lower protective layer are the bend glass of single curved, bending, composite bent, many curvatures, the form such as spherical crown surface or warp surface.
Its further technical scheme is: described up-protective layer is low iron ultrawhite toughened glass; Described lower protective layer is common toughened glass, flame resistant glass or semi-tempered glass.
Its further technical scheme is: described solar cell rete comprises upper conductive film, lower conductive film, and the P-I-N be located between upper conductive film and lower conductive film ties layer, described upper conductive film is transparency conducting film, described lower conductive film is transparency conducting film or AL (aluminium) film, and it is one deck or more than two layers that described P-I-N ties layer.
Its further technical scheme is: the solar cell rete on described solar battery core board is divided into several cell pieces, the lower conductive film of each cell piece is provided with the built-in end between the P-I-N layer being placed in flexible substrate and adjacent cell sheet, described P-I-N ties the conductive through holes that layer is provided with the lower conductive film built-in end for connecting upper conductive film and adjacent cell sheet, is provided with the electric conductor be integrated with upper conductive film in described conductive through holes.
Its further technical scheme is: the solar cell rete on described solar battery core board is divided into several cell pieces, for the tandem compound structure that single P-N junction or the cascaded structure of multiple P-N junction, single P-I-N ties or multiple P-I-N ties tandem compound structure, P-N junction and P-I-N tie, or it is the parallel connection mode of aforementioned structure.
A manufacture method for the two glass photovoltaic component of building-material-type, it comprises following manufacture process: 1, flexible substrate blanking, cleaning, oven dry; 2, the first nesa coating is made; 3, laser grooving and scribing conducting film is used on request; 4, aforesaid substrate is loaded " deposition clamp ", and preheating; 5, load PECVD (plasma reinforced chemical vapour deposition stove) after substrate preheating, carry out the deposition of P-N or P-I-N (or P-I-N/P-I-N) semiconductor junction; 6, deposited rear taking-up substrate and put into cooling chamber and cool at a slow speed; 7, laser grooving and scribing solar cell rete, is connected with the second nesa coating below to make the first nesa coating; 8, on aforesaid substrate face, the second nesa coating is made; 9, laser grooving and scribing second nesa coating is used on request; 10, repeat step 4,5,6, aforesaid substrate makes the second solar cell knot layer; 11, with laser, the second solar cell knot layer, the second nesa coating, the first solar cell knot layer are scratched; 12, on aforesaid substrate, the 3rd nesa coating is made; 13, with laser, the 3rd nesa coating, the second solar cell knot layer are scratched, realize whole plate by the sub-serial battery of several monomers; 14, output electrode is made; 15, IV test, tests the photovoltaic property of above-mentioned form film solar battery core board; 16, lower PVB/EVA glued membrane, flexible thin-film solar cell central layer, upper PVB/EVA glued membrane, upper cover glass are correctly stacked on lower cover glass; 17, by above-mentioned stack treat pressure assembly load vacuum bag vacuumize; 18, treat that air pressure kettle put into by pressure assembly by above-mentioned, temperature-pressure carries out operation laminated into type.
Its further technical scheme is: described flexible solar battery layer material is: the combination in any of membrane polysilicon, amorphous silicon, microcrystal silicon, nano TiO 2 crystal, cadmium sulfide, cadmium telluride, GaAs, copper indium diselenide, Copper Indium Gallium Selenide, zinc phosphide or other multi-element compounds inorganic or above-mentioned material
Or, for phthalocyanine compound, porphyrin, cyanines, polythiofuran derivative, polyphenylene ethylene base, Merlon, polyvinyl acetate, the polyethylene card azoles of p-type, the organic material such as diimide derivative, naphthalimide derivative, pyrene compound of N-shaped, or, be the solar cell of organic and inorganic doping system.
The present invention's beneficial effect is compared with prior art: the solar battery core board that the flexible thin-film solar cell that the present invention utilizes sub-inside battery solar cell to tie layer employing parallel way is made, can with upper, lower protective layer (bend glass) forms an entirety, it is high that formation has photoelectric conversion efficiency, stable performance, life-span is long, safe and reliable, both heat insulation, insulation, sound insulation, antiultraviolet, breakage-proof fall, the building-material-type double-faced glass photovoltaic component of printing opacity can be selected, both certain daylighting demand can have been met, can generate electricity by two-sided lighting light again, appearance radian is elegant in appearance simultaneously, conveniently realize building integration (BIPV), be particularly suitable for photovoltaic glass curtain wall that is complex-curved and plane, photovoltaic glass lighting roof and photovoltaic carport, all kinds of building such as photovoltaic waiting booth uses.
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the invention will be further described.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is common crystal silicon solar battery assembly floor map;
Figure 1A is the generalized section of Fig. 1;
Fig. 2 is common amorphous silicon or other Thinfilm solar cell assembly floor map;
Fig. 2 A is the generalized section of Fig. 2;
Fig. 3 is conventional crystalline silicon double-glass solar battery component floor map;
Fig. 3 A is the generalized section of Fig. 3;
Fig. 4 is conventional amorphous silicon or other film double-glass solar battery component floor map;
Fig. 4 A is the generalized section of Fig. 4;
Fig. 5 is conventional double junction non-crystal silicon or other film solar battery structure schematic diagrames;
Fig. 5 A is conventional many junction amorphous silicons or other film solar battery structure schematic diagrames;
Fig. 5 B is conventional many junction amorphous silicons or other thin-film solar cells schematic equivalent circuits;
Fig. 6 A is the two glass photovoltaic component schematic diagram of the present invention's single flexure plane formula building-material-type;
Fig. 6 B is the two glass photovoltaic component schematic diagram of bending curved face type building-material-type of the present invention;
Fig. 6 C is the two glass photovoltaic component schematic diagram of composite bent curved face type building-material-type of the present invention;
Fig. 6 D is the two glass photovoltaic component schematic diagram of spherical cap type many curvatures curved face type building-material-type of the present invention;
Fig. 6 E is the two glass photovoltaic component schematic diagram of distortion formula many curvatures curved face type building-material-type of the present invention;
Fig. 6 F is the two glass photovoltaic component schematic diagram one of metal foil substrate solar cell building-material-type of the present invention;
Fig. 6 G is the two glass photovoltaic component schematic diagram two of metal foil substrate solar cell building-material-type of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the two glass photovoltaic component detailed construction schematic diagram of building-material-type of the present invention;
Fig. 8 A is two glass photovoltaic component solar battery core board detailed construction one schematic diagram of building-material-type of the present invention;
Fig. 8 B is two glass photovoltaic component solar battery core board detailed construction two schematic diagram of building-material-type of the present invention;
Fig. 9 A to Fig. 9 C is the solar cell layer structural representation of the present invention's solar battery core board used;
The solar cell layer that Figure 10 A to Figure 10 C is respectively the present invention is unijunction, double-click, the three solar battery core board electrical block diagrams tied.
Accompanying drawing mark (part)
A thermotropism melts pressing direction S1 crystal silicon solar cell sheet
S2 toughened glass S3 contact conductor
S4 aluminum alloy frame S5 EVA/PVB glued membrane
S6 TPT diaphragm
T1 thin-film solar cells film T2 glass
T3 aluminum alloy frame T4 AL conductive electrode
T5 transparent conductive electrode T6 EVA/PVB glued membrane
T7 TPT diaphragm T8 thin film solar cell sheet layer
R1 crystal silicon solar cell sheet R2 toughened glass
R3 contact conductor R4 EVA/PVB glued membrane
A1 a-si solar cell film A2 glass
A3 AL conductive electrode A4 transparent conductive electrode
A5 thin film solar cell sheet layer A6 EVA/PVB glued membrane
A7 toughened glass
C1 positive pole C2 negative pole
C3 glass substrate C4 glass substrate
C5 battery C6 pole conducting film
The sub-battery of C7 negative conductive film D
Embodiment
In order to more fully understand technology contents of the present invention, below in conjunction with specific embodiment technical scheme of the present invention being introduced further and illustrating, but being not limited to this.
As shown in Fig. 6 A, Fig. 6 B, Fig. 6 C, Fig. 6 D, Fig. 6 E, be the structural representation of the single flexure plane formula of the two glass photovoltaic component of building-material-type of the present invention, bending curved face type, composite bent curved face type, spherical cap type many curvatures curved face type, distortion formula many curvatures curved face type respectively; Fig. 6 F is two glass photovoltaic component schematic diagram one, Fig. 6 G of metal foil substrate solar cell building-material-type of the present invention is the two glass photovoltaic component schematic diagram two of metal foil substrate solar cell building-material-type of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 7, be the detailed construction schematic diagram of the two glass photovoltaic component of building-material-type of the present invention.
As shown in Fig. 6 A, Fig. 6 B, Fig. 6 C, Fig. 6 D, Fig. 6 E, Fig. 7, comprise building-material-type two glass photovoltaic component 1, flexible thin-film solar cell central layer 2, light-transmitting gap 3, upper packaging protection glass 4, upper EVA/PVB glued membrane 5, lower EVA/PVB glued membrane 6, lower packaging protection glass 7.The two glass photovoltaic component 1 of building-material-type is the entirety be made up of flexible thin-film solar cell central layer 2, light-transmitting gap 3, upper packaging protection glass 4, upper EVA/PVB glued membrane 5, lower EVA/PVB glued membrane 6, lower packaging protection glass 7.
Upper packaging protection glass 4 is bending, a main daylighting and protection dual-use function, the low iron ultra-clear glasses of plane is adopted (to be softened as utilized glass heats by curved mould (a kind of specialty carries out the multipurpose die of glass bending) or special dies, and make it because Action of Gravity Field bends with die surface) be made into the bending-type of needs, carry out tempering again to form, the various forms of curved face type glass 4 such as single curved, bending, composite bent, many curvatures (as the form such as spherical crown surface, warp surface) can be obtained by different moulds; Lower dress cover glass 7 is also bending; and bend mode is identical with upper packaging protection glass 4 with production method glass, main rising is supported and protection dual-use function, can be made into common toughened glass, semi-tempered glass, flame resistant glass; reach both safety, object economical and practical again.
Light-transmitting gap 3 is used to meet the certain daylighting requirement of the two glass photovoltaic component of building-material-type of the present invention, that produce when being the thin-film solar cells of laser grooving and scribing transparent substrates or reserved when adopting the thin-film solar cells arrangement of polylith little metal foil substrate, then or the punching of block of metal paper tinsel substrate film solar cell formed.Because metal forming is generally light tight, so when demand fulfillment printing opacity requires, metal foil substrate thin-film solar cells can be made into the fritter of unit, arrange by certain arranging distance and the mutual connection in series-parallel of corresponding output electrode of drawing separately be made well solar battery core board, or metal foil substrate thin-film solar cells large for monoblock is rushed through hole (can not damage battery performance) by certain requirement, the shape of punching can square, circular, oval, rectangle, rhombus, triangle, star etc.Thus produce and both generated electricity, light-permeable again, and the building-material-type double-faced glass photovoltaic component of good looking appearance.
Upper EVA/PVB glued membrane 5 and lower EVA/PVB glued membrane 6 can select EVA adhesive film or PVB glued membrane.EVA (being the abbreviation of Ethylene ethene Vinyl vinyl Acetate acetate) is the sticking compound cutan of a kind of thermosetting, it has many-sided superiority such as low melting point, adhesion strength are strong, good endurance, light transmittance are high, and transparent EVA film as thick in 0.38mm meets: performance index are as follows: 1) tensile strength>=17MPa; 2) transmission of visible light>=87%; 3) elongation at break>=650%; 4) mist degree 0.6%; 5) adhesive strength>=2kg/cm
2; 6) water absorption rate≤0.15%; 7) ultraviolet cutoff rate 98.5%; 8) radioresistance, thermal endurance, moisture-proof, impact resistance, canister shot bag impact property are all qualified.PVB (i.e. PolyVinyl Butyral Film, polyvinyl butyral film) be a kind of thermoplastic resin film, add plasticizer production by PVB resin to form, have recoverable processing, reusable feature, its fail safe, weatherability, thermal endurance, bonding force etc. are all better than EVA adhesive film.
When adopting the substrate of the flexible substrate (as polyimides) of light-permeable as the two glass photovoltaic component solar battery core board of building-material-type of the present invention, because each layer conducting film is also all printing opacity, so the two glass photovoltaic component of building-material-type of the present invention can two-sided lighting light generating.Simultaneously because solar cell knot layer also possesses certain light transmission, therefore the two glass photovoltaic component of building-material-type of the present invention both can generate electricity in daylighting, can pass through again the light of proper proportion, met certain lighting demand.
Fig. 8 A is two glass photovoltaic component solar battery core board detailed construction one schematic diagram of building-material-type of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 8 A, flexible thin-film solar cell central layer 2 specifically comprises flexible substrate 8, first conducting film 9, first solar cell layer 10, second conducting film 11, insulating barrier 12, the 3rd conducting film 13, second solar cell layer 14, the 4th conducting film 15.Flexible substrate 8 can adopt machinery, mechanics, surface property good and high temperature resistant, corrosion resistant inorganic material (as stainless steel foil, titanium foil etc.) or organic material (as the polyimide of light-permeable, the polyarylsulfone (PAS) of light-permeable, polyetherimides, polybenzimidazoles class, polysiloxane-based, polyphenylene sulfide, poly(ethylene oxide) class, polyetheretherketone or other high molecular polymers, or the combination of above-mentioned material), when flexible substrate 8 adopts metal forming, between substrate 8 and the first conducting film, at least should lay a layer insulating, first conducting film 9, second conducting film 11, the 3rd conducting film 13, the 4th conducting film 15 are all that light transmission is good, resistivity is low, the conducting film of good mechanical property, one of oxide and composite multi-component oxide thereof or the combination of In (indium), Sn (tin), Zn (zinc) and Cd (cadmium) can be adopted, also can select to mix In (indium), the Sn (tin) of AL (aluminium), one of the oxide and composite multi-component oxide thereof of Zn (zinc) and Cd (cadmium) or combination, described insulating barrier 12 can adopt that electrical insulating property is good, the inorganic of light-permeable (as silica or other materials and combination), organic material (as the polyarylsulfone (PAS) of polyimide, light-permeable or other materials and combination), or the combination of organic-inorganic material, the material of the first solar cell layer 10 and the second solar cell layer 14 can adopt inorganic (as membrane polysilicon, amorphous silicon, microcrystal silicon, nano TiO 2 crystal, cadmium sulfide, cadmium telluride, GaAs, copper indium diselenide, Copper Indium Gallium Selenide, zinc phosphide, or other multi-element compounds, or combinations thereof) or adopt organic material (as the phthalocyanine compound of p-type, porphyrin, cyanines, polythiofuran derivative, polyphenylene ethylene base, Merlon, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene card azoles, the diimide derivative of N-shaped, naphthalimide derivative, pyrene compound), or it is organic, inorganic doping system (as DSSC).
The two glass photovoltaic component solar battery core board of building-material-type of the present invention can adopt the plated film modes such as magnetron sputtering, metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), vapour deposition method to make nesa coating, make thin-film solar cells knot layer with employing enhancement mode plasma auxiliary chemical vapor deposition method (PECVD), concrete technology flow process is as follows: 1, flexible substrate blanking, cleaning, oven dry; 2, the first nesa coating is made; 3, laser grooving and scribing conducting film is used on request; 4, aforesaid substrate is loaded " deposition clamp ", and preheating; 5, load PECVD (plasma reinforced chemical vapour deposition stove) after substrate preheating, carry out the deposition of P-N or P-I-N (or P-I-N/P-I-N) semiconductor junction; 6, deposited rear taking-up substrate and put into cooling chamber and cool at a slow speed; 7, laser grooving and scribing solar cell rete, is connected with the second nesa coating below to make the first nesa coating; 8, on aforesaid substrate face, the second nesa coating is made; 9, on request with laser grooving and scribing second nesa coating and the first solar cell knot layer; 10, on aforesaid substrate, insulating barrier is made; 11, with laser grooving and scribing, insulating barrier, the second nesa coating and the first solar cell knot layer is scratched; 12, the 3rd nesa coating is made; 13, with laser grooving and scribing the 3rd nesa coating; 14, repeat step 4,5,6, aforesaid substrate makes the second solar cell knot layer; 15, with laser, the second solar cell knot layer, the 3rd nesa coating, insulating barrier are scratched; 16, on aforesaid substrate, the 4th nesa coating is made; 17, with laser, the 4th nesa coating, the second solar cell knot layer, the 3rd nesa coating, insulating barrier, the second nesa coating and the first solar cell knot layer are scratched, realize whole plate by the sub-serial battery of several monomers; 18, output electrode is made; 19, IV test, tests the photovoltaic property of above-mentioned form film solar battery core board.
Fig. 8 B is two glass photovoltaic component solar battery core board detailed construction two schematic diagram of building-material-type of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 8 B, flexible thin-film solar cell central layer 2 specifically comprises flexible substrate 8, first conducting film 9, first solar cell layer 10, second conducting film 11, second solar cell layer 14, the 3rd conducting film 15.The same for describing of each structure sheaf.Note: the polarity of the first solar cell layer 10 and the second solar cell layer 11 is arranged symmetrically with around the second conductive layer 11 simultaneously, share the second conductive layer 11 to carry out electric energy output to make the first solar cell layer 10 and the second solar cell layer 11.
The production method of the two glass photovoltaic component solar battery core board detailed construction two of building-material-type of the present invention and technological process with structure one, but structure two is simpler than structure one, production method and technological process easy, cost of manufacture is low.Its technological process made is as follows: 1, flexible substrate blanking, cleaning, oven dry; 2, the first nesa coating is made; 3, laser grooving and scribing conducting film is used on request; 4, aforesaid substrate is loaded " deposition clamp ", and preheating; 5, load PECVD (plasma reinforced chemical vapour deposition stove) after substrate preheating, carry out the deposition of P-N or P-I-N (or P-I-N/P-I-N) semiconductor junction; 6, deposited rear taking-up substrate and put into cooling chamber and cool at a slow speed; 7, laser grooving and scribing solar cell rete, is connected with the second nesa coating below to make the first nesa coating; 8, on aforesaid substrate face, the second nesa coating is made; 9, laser grooving and scribing second nesa coating is used on request; 10, repeat step 4,5,6, aforesaid substrate makes the second solar cell knot layer; 11, with laser, the second solar cell knot layer, the second nesa coating, the first solar cell knot layer are scratched; 12, on aforesaid substrate, the 3rd nesa coating is made; 13, with laser, the 3rd nesa coating, the second solar cell knot layer are scratched, realize whole plate by the sub-serial battery of several monomers; 14, output electrode is made; 15, IV test, tests the photovoltaic property of above-mentioned form film solar battery core board.
Fig. 9 A to Fig. 9 C is the solar cell layer structural representation of the present invention's solar battery core board used.
As shown in Figure 9 A, solar cell layer comprises the first type layer 16, Second-Type layer 17; As shown in Figure 9 B, solar cell layer comprises the first type layer 16, intrinsic layer 18, Second-Type layer 17; As shown in Figure 9 C, solar cell layer comprises the first type layer 16, intrinsic layer 18, Second-Type layer 17, first type layer 19, intrinsic layer 20, Second-Type layer 21; First type layer can be p-type electric-conducting layer, and Second-Type layer is N-shaped conductive layer, or the first type layer can be N-shaped conductive layer, and Second-Type layer is p-type electric-conducting layer.
The first solar cell layer 10 in above-mentioned Fig. 8 A and Fig. 8 B and the second solar cell layer 14 can be the structure of Fig. 9 A or the structure of Fig. 9 B, or the lamination of the structure of the lamination of the structure of Fig. 9 A battery layers of two Fig. 9 A structures (i.e. series connection) or Fig. 9 B (i.e. the battery layers series connection of two Fig. 9 B structures), above-mentioned both or the stack combinations of many persons.
Figure 10 A to Figure 10 C is solar cell layer is unijunction, binode, the three solar battery core board electrical block diagrams tied.
First solar cell layer 10 of the solar battery core board of the two glass photovoltaic component of building-material-type of the present invention and the second solar cell layer 11 can adopt parallel way to form a solar subcells (by laser separation and as the solar cell of the series unit of formation thin-film solar cells group string).The output voltage of solar cell depends mainly on the band gap (bandwidth between conduction band and valence band) of material itself, and change very little with sunray power, but the output current of solar cell but depends mainly on the sunray intensity acted on it, and changes very greatly with sunray power.The lamination solar cell (as Fig. 9 A structure or Fig. 9 B structure) of different large spatia zonularis absorbs the light of different wave length, though output voltage values is different separately, but all in an order of magnitude, and the intensity distribution of the light of each wavelength very uneven (energy of light is very uneven with Wavelength Assignment) in sunray, there is a big difference to make the output current numerical value of each lamination solar cell, each lamination solar cell of traditional films solar cell is all series connection simultaneously, though output voltage increases, but output current can only be as the criterion with the current value that numerical value is minimum, thus cause contributing more photoelectric current to have a greatly reduced quality to solar cell power output, directly reduce power output and the conversion efficiency of solar cell.
So, the sub-inside battery lamination solar cell of thin-film solar cells is together in parallel, takes full advantage of the electric current of each lamination solar cell, be conducive to the power output and the conversion efficiency that promote solar cell.When simultaneously the ground floor solar cell layer of the sub-inside battery of thin-film solar cells, the second solar cell layer all adopt many knots (multiple P-N junction or P-I-N knot) laminated construction, whole thin-film solar cells forms the first solar cell layer and the second solar cell layer in series by being tied by multiple single P-N junction or P-I-N, enough become sub-battery by the first solar cell layer with the second solar cell layer parallel connection again, then form an overall thin-film solar cells by sub-serial battery.
The two glass photovoltaic component of building-material-type of the present invention because of profile irregular, the laminating machine making conventional solar module can not be adopted to process, but the structure of the two glass photovoltaic component of building-material-type of the present invention and with material, very close with curved toughened rubber-laminated vacuum glass with the cement on double sides glass of glass industry routine, and bending furnace (or the bending furnace improved and mould), annealing furnace, the doubling air pressure kettle (or improve glass laminating air pressure kettle) producing curved toughened rubber-laminated vacuum glass can be adopted to produce.The concrete mode of production and technological process as follows: 1) upper and lower two blocks of glass stack and heat hot bending simultaneously; 2) slowly to anneal after hot bending cooling; 3) tempering is carried out by needing the glass of tempering to put into annealing furnace; 4) enter dust free room after cooling, lighting surface glass lays successively EVA/PVB glued membrane, flexible thin-film solar cell central layer (carrying out contact conductor), EVA/PVB glued membrane, support cover glass (note daylighting glass when laying with thin-film solar cells by light direction); 5, above-mentioned volt component to be calendered is loaded on vacuum bag, vacuumizes; 6, take out above-mentioned volt component to be calendered, put into air pressure kettle, closing lid also heats; 7, the humidity in adjustable pressure still, ensures the reliability that glued membrane is bonding; When 8 volt components to be calendered rise to uniform temperature, pressurize in air pressure kettle, carry out the compacting of photovoltaic component.Meanwhile, the two glass photovoltaic component of the building-material-type of simple surface profile also can adopt roller press hot melt to suppress.
In a word, the present invention utilizes the flexible solar battery central layer that the flexible thin-film solar cell of sub-inside battery solar cell layer employing parallel way is made, can with upper, lower protective layer (bend glass) forms an entirety, and it is high that formation has photoelectric conversion efficiency, stable performance, life-span is long, safe and reliable, both heat insulation, insulation, sound insulation, antiultraviolet, breakage-proof fall, printing opacity can be selected again, meet certain daylighting demand, and can generate electricity by two-sided lighting light, the building-material-type double-faced glass photovoltaic component that appearance radian is elegant in appearance simultaneously, the shape of various complexity can be processed to, the more convenient solar module that realizes is consistent with building on curved surface, accomplish building integration, not only save solar energy fabricating yard and building curtain wall cost, according to daylighting or use occasion, can controlled respectively with on material and solar battery core board preparation simultaneously, made it to meet good in economic efficiency, photoelectric conversion rate is high, safe and reliable, realize photovoltaic generation simultaneously, building curtain wall is decorated, the function of each side such as fire safety.
Aforementioned is all of the present invention illustrating, not as limit, the present invention is equally applicable to the two glass photovoltaic component of building-material-type of plane, and two glass photovoltaic components of the thin-film solar cells only adopting single or multiple semiconductor junction (P-N junction or P-I-N knot) or the sub-battery of the serial solar energy combined of P-N junction and P-I-N knot to form.
In sum, the solar battery core board that the flexible thin-film solar cell that the present invention utilizes sub-inside battery solar cell to tie layer employing parallel way is made, can with upper, lower protective layer (bend glass) forms an entirety, it is high that formation has photoelectric conversion efficiency, stable performance, life-span is long, safe and reliable, both heat insulation, insulation, sound insulation, antiultraviolet, breakage-proof fall, the building-material-type double-faced glass photovoltaic component of light-permeable, both certain daylighting demand can have been met, can generate electricity by two-sided lighting light again, appearance radian is elegant in appearance simultaneously, conveniently realize building integration (BIPV), be particularly suitable for photovoltaic glass curtain wall that is complex-curved and plane, photovoltaic glass lighting roof and photovoltaic carport, all kinds of building such as photovoltaic waiting booth uses.
Although general principle of the present invention, structure, method are set forth by above-mentioned specific embodiment, under the prerequisite not departing from main idea of the present invention, according to above-described inspiration, those of ordinary skill in the art can not need to pay creative work can implement conversion/alternative form or combination, repeats no more herein.
Claims (9)
1. a manufacture method for the two glass photovoltaic component of building-material-type, it comprises following manufacture process:
1, flexible substrate blanking, cleaning, oven dry;
2, the first nesa coating is made;
3, laser grooving and scribing conducting film is used on request;
4, substrate is loaded " deposition clamp ", and preheating;
5, load plasma reinforced chemical vapour deposition stove after substrate preheating, carry out the deposition of P-N or P-I-N or P-I-N/P-I-N semiconductor junction;
6, deposited rear taking-up substrate and put into cooling chamber and cool at a slow speed;
7, laser grooving and scribing solar cell rete, is connected with the second nesa coating below to make the first nesa coating;
8, on aforesaid substrate face, the second nesa coating is made;
9, laser grooving and scribing second nesa coating is used on request;
10, repeat step 4,5,6, aforesaid substrate makes the second solar cell knot layer;
11, with laser, the second solar cell knot layer, the second nesa coating, the first solar cell knot layer are scratched;
12, on aforesaid substrate, the 3rd nesa coating is made;
13, with laser, the 3rd nesa coating, the second solar cell knot layer are scratched, realize whole plate by the sub-serial battery of several monomers;
14, output electrode is made;
15, IV test, the photovoltaic property of test form film solar battery core board;
16, lower PVB/EVA glued membrane, flexible thin-film solar cell central layer, upper PVB/EVA glued membrane, upper cover glass are correctly stacked on lower cover glass;
17, by above-mentioned stack treat pressure assembly load vacuum bag vacuumize;
18, treat that air pressure kettle put into by pressure assembly by above-mentioned, temperature-pressure carries out operation laminated into type.
2. the manufacture method of the two glass photovoltaic component of a kind of building-material-type according to claim 1, is characterized in that described solar cell layer material is:
The combination in any of membrane polysilicon, amorphous silicon, microcrystal silicon, nano TiO 2 crystal, cadmium sulfide, cadmium telluride, GaAs, copper indium diselenide, Copper Indium Gallium Selenide, zinc phosphide or above-mentioned material,
Or,
For phthalocyanine compound, porphyrin, cyanines, polythiofuran derivative, polyphenylene ethylene base, Merlon, polyvinyl acetate, the polyethylene card azoles of p-type, the diimide derivative of N-shaped, naphthalimide derivative, pyrene compound organic material,
Or,
For the solar cell of organic and inorganic doping system.
3. the manufacture method of the two glass photovoltaic component of a kind of building-material-type according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that described building-material-type double-faced glass photovoltaic component comprises solar battery core board and is located at up-protective layer and the lower protective layer of solar battery core board both sides; It is characterized in that described up-protective layer and lower protective layer are the bend glass that bending curvature is identical, described solar battery core board is flexible material, and its bending curvature is also identical with the bending curvature of up-protective layer, lower protective layer; Glued membrane, lower glued membrane is respectively equipped with between described solar battery core board and up-protective layer, lower protective layer; The solar cell rete that described solar battery core board comprises flexible substrate and connects with flexible substrate.
4. the manufacture method of the two glass photovoltaic component of a kind of building-material-type according to claim 3, is characterized in that described flexible substrate is metal forming or nonmetal flexible substrate; Described solar cell rete is thin-film solar cells layer; Described upper glued membrane, lower glued membrane are PVB film or EVA film.
5. the manufacture method of the two glass photovoltaic component of a kind of building-material-type according to claim 4, it is characterized in that described flexible substrate is provided with several through-hole structures, described through-hole structure is circular hole, elliptical aperture, square hole, delthyrium, diamond hole or star-shaped aperture; Described up-protective layer, lower protective layer are the bend glass of single curved, bending, composite bent, many curvatures, spherical crown surface or warp surface form.
6. the manufacture method of the two glass photovoltaic component of a kind of building-material-type according to claim 3, is characterized in that described up-protective layer is low iron ultrawhite toughened glass; Described lower protective layer is common toughened glass, flame resistant glass or semi-tempered glass.
7. the manufacture method of the two glass photovoltaic component of a kind of building-material-type according to claim 4, it is characterized in that described solar cell rete comprises upper conductive film, lower conductive film, and the P-I-N be located between upper conductive film and lower conductive film ties layer, described upper conductive film is transparency conducting film, described lower conductive film is transparency conducting film or aluminium film, and it is one deck or more than two layers that described P-I-N ties layer.
8. the manufacture method of the two glass photovoltaic component of a kind of building-material-type according to claim 7, it is characterized in that the solar cell rete on described solar battery core board is divided into several cell pieces, the lower conductive film of each cell piece is provided with the built-in end between the P-I-N layer being placed in flexible substrate and adjacent cell sheet, described P-I-N ties the conductive through holes that layer is provided with the lower conductive film built-in end for connecting upper conductive film and adjacent cell sheet, is provided with the electric conductor be integrated with upper conductive film in described conductive through holes.
9. the manufacture method of the two glass photovoltaic component of a kind of building-material-type according to claim 7, it is characterized in that the solar cell rete on described solar battery core board is divided into several cell pieces, for the tandem compound structure that single P-N junction or the cascaded structure of multiple P-N junction, single P-I-N ties or multiple P-I-N ties tandem compound structure, P-N junction and P-I-N tie, or it is the parallel connection mode of aforementioned structure.
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