CN102916067A - Building material type double-sided glass photovoltaic component and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Building material type double-sided glass photovoltaic component and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102916067A CN102916067A CN2011102236960A CN201110223696A CN102916067A CN 102916067 A CN102916067 A CN 102916067A CN 2011102236960 A CN2011102236960 A CN 2011102236960A CN 201110223696 A CN201110223696 A CN 201110223696A CN 102916067 A CN102916067 A CN 102916067A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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Abstract
The invention discloses a building material type double-sided glass photovoltaic component, comprising a solar cell core panel, an upper protective layer and a lower protective layer which are arranged at the two sides of the solar cell core panel; the upper protective layer and the lower protective layer are curved glass with the same curvature, the solar cell core panel is made of flexible material, and the curvature of the solar cell core panel is the same to the curvature of the upper protective layer and the lower protective layer. The invention also discloses a manufacturing method for the building material type double-sided glass photovoltaic component. The solar cell core panel can be integrated with the upper protective layer and the lower protective layer into a whole, so that the building material type double-sided glass photovoltaic component is formed and has the features of high photoelectric conversion efficiency, stable performance, long service, safety and reliability, heat insulation, heat preservation, sound insulation, ultraviolet protection, breakage resistance and selective light transmission, certain lighting demand is met, the double-sided lighting power generation is also realized, meanwhile the appearance radian is attractive and elegant, the integration of solar energy and building is realized conveniently, and the building material type double-sided glass photovoltaic component is particularly applicable to various buildings such as a photovoltaic glass curtain wall with complicated curves and planes, a photovoltaic glass lighting roof, a photovoltaic parking shed and a photovoltaic bus shelter.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of photovoltaic component of building-material-type, particularly a kind of select light-transmission type, photoelectric conversion efficiency height, stable performance, life-span long, safe and reliable, adopt flexible thin-film solar cell central layer and novel encapsulated technology, good looking appearance, conveniently realize building integration (BIPV), be particularly suitable for that the buildings such as complex-curved photovoltaic glass curtain wall, photovoltaic glass lighting roof and photovoltaic carport, photovoltaic waiting booth are used, based on the building-material-type double-faced glass photovoltaic component of organic or inorganic base material.
Background technology
Solar photovoltaic technology develops into today, and the application of photovoltaic generation is more and more wider, and the application of building integration design (BIPV) is more and more universal, and becomes gradually main flow trend.Combine with west, the southeast vertical plane wall of roof or building such as solar energy power generating, both reduced building energy consumption, saved again installing space and the building decoration expense of solar components, and for example solar energy waiting booth, newsstand, awning etc.
All be common crystal silicon solar battery component (comprising monocrystalline silicon and polysilicon solar cell), Thinfilm solar cell assembly (thin-film solar cells that comprises amorphous silicon, polysilicon, microcrystal silicon, cadmium sulfide, cadmium telluride, GaAs, copper indium diselenide, Copper Indium Gallium Selenide, zinc phosphide or other multi-element compounds) with what build use in the past, and have following shortcoming: 1, conventional solar module safety of structure is not high, can not directly as building element, only be to install and Integration of building; 2, conventional solar module all adopts lighttight TPT (polyvinyl fluoride composite membrane) to do the backboard protective material, and light transmission is very poor.Fig. 1 is common crystal silicon solar battery component and structural representation, and Fig. 2 is common amorphous silicon or other Thinfilm solar cell assemblies and structural representation.
Development and the market demand along with solar-photovoltaic technology, the double-glass solar battery component occurs and (claimed again two glass photovoltaic components, main as building curtain wall), be ultrawhite toughened glass+PVB/EVA glue+solar cell lamella+PVB/EVA glue+toughened glass, form by laminating machine or the compacting of roll squeezer hot melt, described solar cell lamella is generally crystal silicon solar cell sheet, amorphous silicon solar cell module or other Thinfilm solar cell assemblies again.
As shown in Figure 3, be conventional crystalline silicon dual-glass glass solar module and structural representation.There is following defective in conventional crystalline silicon dual-glass glass solar module: 1, solar module all is plate, and style is single; 2, crystal silicon solar cell sheet is broken easily, is difficult to make the photovoltaic module of radian (or radian is slightly large); 3, be not suitable for curved surface and install, require the radian design as far as possible little and adopt the mode of polylith flat plate splicing when meeting curved surface, increase installation difficulty and cost, and affect overall appearance; 4, it often adopts thicker toughened glass to encapsulate in order to protect breakable crystal silicon chip, and the assembly mass area ratio is excessive, and the requirement of strength to supporting construction is higher simultaneously, increases system cost; 5, by adjusting spacing between crystalline silicon battery plate, and reserving larger printing opacity space and satisfy the daylighting requirement of building, reduced the energy output of unit are.
Because toughened glass causes the glass surface out-of-flatness because of internal stress, and can affect membrane uniformity and the quality of its surface coating, so amorphous silicon or other Thinfilm solar cell assemblies adopt: non-tempering ultra-clear glasses substrate+thin film solar pond lamella (repeatedly plated film and laser scribing)+PVB/EVA+TPT/ glass forms by laminating machine or the compacting of roll squeezer hot melt again.So amorphous silicon or other film double-glass solar battery components generally are on the front or the back side of amorphous silicon or other Thinfilm solar cell assemblies; the toughened glass that is stained with again protective effect with the EVA/PVB glued membrane forms, and its profile and structural representation are shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 4 A.There is following defective in conventional film double-glass solar battery component: 1, the masking mode of conventional thin-film solar cells can not realize uniform coated at the basal plane of bending, so that amorphous silicon or other film double-sided glass solar battery components can not directly be made flexure type; 2, be not suitable for curved surface and install, require the radian design as far as possible little and adopt the mode of polylith flat plate splicing when meeting curved surface, increase installation difficulty and cost, and affect overall appearance; 3, amorphous silicon or other thin-film solar cells all adopt lighttight AL film as back electrode, only have the laser grooving and scribing gap of solar battery cell can be thoroughly the light of trace, whole assembly light transmission is very poor; 4, for satisfying the daylighting requirement of building, general laser intersection delineation electrode A L (aluminium) film and the thin film solar cell sheet layer of adopting, obtain a lot of small battery unit and printing opacity gaps, so not only increase the cost of laser grooving and scribing operation, also wasted a lot of effectively solar-electricity pool areas.
Simultaneously, thin-film solar cells generally all adopts binode (PN+PN or PIN+PIN structure, P represents the P-type conduction layer, I represents intrinsic layer, N represents the N-type conductive layer) or the laminated construction form of tying more, utilize band gap (difference of electronic potential between material valence band and the conduction band) sizes of different knot layers (PN junction or PIN knot), absorb the photon of respective wavelength and produce photoelectric current, thereby the absorption bands of the thin-film solar cells of extending, improved photoelectric conversion efficiency.Many knots laminated construction of amorphous silicon or other thin-film solar cells as shown in Figure 5, its equivalent circuit diagram is shown in Fig. 5 A, the solar cell of knot layer is connected successively up and down.Easily known by electric circuit knowledge, tie layer voltage sum although the output voltage of thin-film solar cells is each, that electric current of minimum when its output current equals the independent output of each knot layer.Simultaneously, the output voltage of solar cell is directly related with the band gap of material itself, and is less with the variation fluctuation of solar energy light intensity, and the photoelectric current of the solar cell then variation fluctuation with sun light intensity is very large.So thin-film solar cells is subjected to the impact of the mutual cascaded structure of internal junction layer, has lost to a certain extent more photoelectric current, thereby reduced the photoelectric conversion efficiency of self.
The building glass curtain wall is tending towards monolithic large scale or arc design on attractive in appearance, so conventional solar module all can not satisfy instructions for use.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above defective, the present invention aims to provide a kind of building-material-type double-faced glass photovoltaic component, it be a kind of select light-transmission type, photoelectric conversion efficiency height, stable performance, life-span long, safe and reliable, adopt flexible thin-film solar cell central layer and novel encapsulated technology, good looking appearance, conveniently realize building integration (BIPV), be particularly suitable for all kinds of buildings such as arc photovoltaic curtain wall, photovoltaic lighting roof and photovoltaic carport, photovoltaic waiting booth etc. use, based on the photovoltaic component of organic or inorganic base material.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
A kind of building-material-type double-faced glass photovoltaic component comprises solar battery core board and is located at upper protective layer and the lower protective layer of solar battery core board both sides; It is characterized in that described upper protective layer and lower protective layer are the identical bend glass of bending curvature, described solar battery core board is flexible material, and its bending curvature also bending curvature with upper protective layer, lower protective layer is identical.
Its further technical scheme is: be respectively equipped with glued membrane, lower glued membrane between described solar battery core board and upper protective layer, the lower protective layer; The solar cell rete that described solar battery core board comprises flexible substrate and connects with flexible substrate.
Its further technical scheme is: described flexible substrate is metal forming or nonmetal flexible substrate; Described solar cell rete is the thin-film solar cells layer; Described upper glued membrane, lower glued membrane are PVB film or EVA film.
Its further technical scheme is: described flexible substrate is provided with several through-hole structures, and described through-hole structure is circular hole, elliptical aperture, square hole, delthyrium, diamond hole or star-shaped aperture etc.; Described upper protective layer, lower protective layer are the bend glass of the forms such as single curved, bending, composite bent, many curvatures, spherical crown surface or warp surface.
Its further technical scheme is: described upper protective layer is low iron ultrawhite toughened glass; Described lower protective layer is common toughened glass, flame resistant glass or semi-tempered glass.
Its further technical scheme is: described solar cell rete comprises upper conductive film, lower conductive film, and the P-I-N that is located between upper conductive film and the lower conductive film ties layer, described upper conductive film is transparency conducting film, described lower conductive film is transparency conducting film or AL (aluminium) film, and described P-I-N knot layer is one deck or more than two layers.
Its further technical scheme is: the solar cell rete on the described solar battery core board is divided into several cell pieces, the lower conductive film of each cell piece is provided with the built-in end between the P-I-N layer that places flexible substrate and adjacent cell sheet, described P-I-N knot layer is provided with the conduction perforation for the lower conductive film built-in end that connects upper conductive film and adjacent cell sheet, is provided with the electric conductor that is integrated with upper conductive film in the described conduction perforation.
Its further technical scheme is: the solar cell rete on the described solar battery core board is divided into several cell pieces, be the tandem compound structure of single P-N ties or the cascaded structure of a plurality of P-N knot, single P-I-N knot or a plurality of P-I-N tie tandem compound structure, P-N knot and P-I-N knot, or be the parallel connection mode of aforementioned structure.
The manufacture method of the two glass photovoltaic components of a kind of building-material-type, it comprises following manufacture process: 1, flexible substrate blanking, cleaning, oven dry; 2, make the first nesa coating; 3, use on request the laser grooving and scribing conducting film; 4, aforesaid substrate is packed into " deposition clamp ", and preheating; 5, the PECVD (plasma reinforced chemical vapour deposition stove) that packs into after the substrate preheating carries out the deposition of P-N or P-I-N (or P-I-N/P-I-N) semiconductor junction; 6, deposited rear taking-up substrate and put into cooling chamber and cool off at a slow speed; 7, laser grooving and scribing solar cell rete is so that the first nesa coating is connected with the second nesa coating of back; 8, make the second nesa coating at the aforesaid substrate face; 9, use on request laser grooving and scribing the second nesa coating; 10, repeating step 4,5,6 is made the second solar cell knot layer at aforesaid substrate; 11, with laser the second solar cell knot layer, the second nesa coating, the first solar cell knot layer are scratched; 12, make the 3rd nesa coating at aforesaid substrate; 13, with laser the 3rd nesa coating, the second solar cell knot layer are scratched, realize that whole plate is by the sub-battery series connection of several monomers; 14, make output electrode; 15, IV tests, and tests the photovoltaic property of above-mentioned form film solar battery core board; 16, lower PVB/EVA glued membrane, flexible thin-film solar cell central layer, upper PVB/EVA glued membrane, upper cover glass correctly are stacked on the lower cover glass; 17, the above-mentioned assembly to be pressed that stacks is packed into vacuum bag vacuumizes; 18, assembly above-mentioned to be pressed is put into air pressure kettle, operation laminated into type is carried out in the pressurization of heating.
Its further technical scheme is: described flexible solar battery layer material is: the combination in any of membrane polysilicon, amorphous silicon, microcrystal silicon, nano TiO 2 crystal, cadmium sulfide, cadmium telluride, GaAs, copper indium diselenide, Copper Indium Gallium Selenide, zinc phosphide or other multi-element compounds inorganic or above-mentioned material
Or, phthalocyanine compound, porphyrin, cyanines, polythiofuran derivative, polyphenylene ethylene base, Merlon, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene card azoles for p-type, the organic materials such as the diimide derivative of N-shaped, naphthalimide derivative, pyrene compound, or, be the solar cell of organic and inorganic doping system.
The present invention's beneficial effect compared with prior art is: the solar battery core board that the present invention utilizes sub-inside battery solar cell knot layer to adopt the flexible thin-film solar cell of parallel way to make; can be with upper; lower protective layer (bend glass) consists of an integral body; formation has the photoelectric conversion efficiency height; stable performance; life-span is long; safe and reliable; both heat insulation; insulation; sound insulation; antiultraviolet; breakage-proofly fall; can select the building-material-type double-faced glass photovoltaic component of printing opacity; both can satisfy certain daylighting demand; but again two-sided lighting light generating; the appearance radian is elegant in appearance simultaneously; conveniently realize building integration (BIPV), be particularly suitable for the photovoltaic glass curtain wall on complex-curved and plane; photovoltaic glass lighting roof and photovoltaic carport; all kinds of buildings such as photovoltaic waiting booth are used.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is common crystal silicon solar battery component floor map;
Figure 1A is the generalized section of Fig. 1;
Fig. 2 is common amorphous silicon or other Thinfilm solar cell assembly floor map;
Fig. 2 A is the generalized section of Fig. 2;
Fig. 3 is conventional crystalline silicon dual-glass glass solar module floor map;
Fig. 3 A is the generalized section of Fig. 3;
Fig. 4 is conventional amorphous silicon or other film double-glass solar battery component floor map;
Fig. 4 A is the generalized section of Fig. 4;
Fig. 5 is conventional double junction non-crystal silicon or other film solar battery structure schematic diagrames;
Fig. 5 A is conventional many junction amorphous silicons or other film solar battery structure schematic diagrames;
Fig. 5 B is conventional many junction amorphous silicons or other thin-film solar cells schematic equivalent circuits;
Fig. 6 A is the two glass photovoltaic component schematic diagrames of the single flexure plane formula of the present invention building-material-type;
Fig. 6 B is the two glass photovoltaic component schematic diagrames of bending curved face type building-material-type of the present invention;
Fig. 6 C is the two glass photovoltaic component schematic diagrames of composite bent curved surface formula building-material-type of the present invention;
Fig. 6 D is the two glass photovoltaic component schematic diagrames of many curvatures of spherical cap type curved face type building-material-type of the present invention;
Fig. 6 E is that the present invention twists the two glass photovoltaic component schematic diagrames of many curvatures of formula curved face type building-material-type;
Fig. 6 F is the two glass photovoltaic component schematic diagrames one of metal foil substrate solar cell building-material-type of the present invention;
Fig. 6 G is the two glass photovoltaic component schematic diagrames two of metal foil substrate solar cell building-material-type of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the two glass photovoltaic component detailed construction schematic diagrames of building-material-type of the present invention;
Fig. 8 A is two glass photovoltaic component solar battery core board detailed construction one schematic diagrames of building-material-type of the present invention;
Fig. 8 B is two glass photovoltaic component solar battery core board detailed construction two schematic diagrames of building-material-type of the present invention;
Fig. 9 A to Fig. 9 C is the solar cell layer structural representation of the used solar battery core board of the present invention;
The solar cell layer that Figure 10 A to Figure 10 C is respectively the present invention is the solar battery core board electrical block diagram of unijunction, double-click, three knots.
Accompanying drawing sign (part)
A thermotropism fusion pressure direction S1 crystal silicon solar cell sheet processed
S2 toughened glass S3 contact conductor
S4 aluminum alloy frame S5 EVA/PVB glued membrane
S6 TPT diaphragm
T1 thin-film solar cells film T2 glass
T3 aluminum alloy frame T4 AL conductive electrode
T5 transparent conductive electrode T6 EVA/PVB glued membrane
T7 TPT diaphragm T8 thin film solar cell sheet layer
R1 crystal silicon solar cell sheet R2 toughened glass
R3 contact conductor R4 EVA/PVB glued membrane
A1 a-si solar cell film A2 glass
A3 AL conductive electrode A4 transparent conductive electrode
A5 thin film solar cell sheet layer A6 EVA/PVB glued membrane
A7 toughened glass
The anodal C2 negative pole of C1
C3 glass substrate C4 glass substrate
C5 battery C6 utmost point conducting film
The sub-battery of C7 negative pole conducting film D
Embodiment
In order to more fully understand technology contents of the present invention, below in conjunction with specific embodiment technical scheme of the present invention is further introduced and explanation, but be not limited to this.
Shown in Fig. 6 A, Fig. 6 B, Fig. 6 C, Fig. 6 D, Fig. 6 E, be respectively single flexure plane formula, bending curved face type, composite bent curved surface formula, many curvatures of spherical cap type curved face type of the two glass photovoltaic components of building-material-type of the present invention, the structural representation of many curvatures of distortion formula curved face type; Fig. 6 F is the two glass photovoltaic component schematic diagrames one of metal foil substrate solar cell building-material-type of the present invention, and Fig. 6 G is the two glass photovoltaic component schematic diagrames two of metal foil substrate solar cell building-material-type of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 7, be the detailed construction schematic diagram of the two glass photovoltaic components of building-material-type of the present invention.
Such as Fig. 6 A, Fig. 6 B, Fig. 6 C, Fig. 6 D, Fig. 6 E, shown in Figure 7, comprise the two glass photovoltaic components 1 of building-material-type, flexible thin-film solar cell central layer 2, printing opacity gap 3, upper packaging protection glass 4, upper EVA/PVB glued membrane 5, lower EVA/PVB glued membrane 6, lower encapsulation cover glass 7.The two glass photovoltaic components 1 of building-material-type are the integral body that is made of flexible thin-film solar cell central layer 2, printing opacity gap 3, upper packaging protection glass 4, upper EVA/PVB glued membrane 5, lower EVA/PVB glued membrane 6, lower encapsulation cover glass 7.
Upper packaging protection glass 4 is crooked, main daylighting and the protection dual-use function of rising, adopt the low iron ultra-clear glasses on plane (softening as utilizing glass heats by curved mould (a kind of specialty is carried out the multiplex mould of glass bending) or special dies, and make it because of Action of Gravity Field crooked with die surface) be made into the bending-type that needs, carry out again tempering and form, can make the various forms of curved face type glass 4 such as single curved, bending, composite bent, many curvatures (such as forms such as spherical crown surface, warp surfaces) by different moulds; Lower dress cover glass 7 also is crooked; and bend mode and production method glass are identical with upper packaging protection glass 4, and main supporting and the protection dual-use function of rising can be made into common toughened glass, semi-tempered glass, flame resistant glass; reach both safety, again economical and practical purpose.
Upper EVA/PVB glued membrane 5 and lower EVA/PVB glued membrane 6 can be selected EVA glued membrane or PVB glued membrane.EVA (being the abbreviation of Ethylene ethene Vinyl vinyl Acetate acetate) is the sticking compound cutan of a kind of thermosetting, it has many-sided superiority such as low melting point, adhesion strength are strong, good endurance, light transmittance height, and the transparent EVA film thick such as 0.38mm satisfies: performance index are as follows: 1) tensile strength 〉=17MPa; 2) transmission of visible light 〉=87%; 3) elongation at break 〉=650%; 4) mist degree 0.6%; 5) adhesive strength 〉=2kg/cm
26) water absorption rate≤0.15%; 7) the ultraviolet cutoff rate 98.5%; 8) radioresistance, thermal endurance, moisture-proof, impact resistance, canister shot bag impact property are all qualified.PVB (is PolyVinyl Butyral Film, polyvinyl butyral film) be a kind of thermoplastic resin film, to add plasticizer production by the PVB resin to form, have recoverable processing, reusable characteristics, its fail safe, weatherability, thermal endurance, bonding force etc. all are better than the EVA glued membrane.
The flexible substrate (such as polyimides) that adopts light-permeable is during as the substrate of the two glass photovoltaic component solar battery core boards of building-material-type of the present invention, because each layer conducting film also all is printing opacity, so but the two glass photovoltaic component two-sided lighting light generatings of building-material-type of the present invention.While also possesses certain light transmission because of solar cell knot layer, so but the both daylighting generatings of the two glass photovoltaic components of building-material-type of the present invention can through the light of proper proportion, be satisfied certain lighting demand again.
Fig. 8 A is two glass photovoltaic component solar battery core board detailed construction one schematic diagrames of building-material-type of the present invention.
Shown in Fig. 8 A, flexible thin-film solar cell central layer 2 specifically comprises flexible substrate 8, the first conducting film 9, the first solar cell layer 10, the second conducting film 11, insulating barrier 12, the 3rd conducting film 13, the second solar cell layer 14, the 4th conducting film 15.Flexible substrate 8 can adopt machinery, mechanics, surface property to reach well high temperature resistant, corrosion resistant inorganic material (such as stainless steel foil, titanium foil etc.) or organic material (such as the polyarylsulfone (PAS) of the polyimide of light-permeable, light-permeable, polyetherimides, polybenzimidazoles class, polysiloxane-based, polyphenylene sulfide, poly(ethylene oxide) class, polyetheretherketone or other high molecular polymers, or the combination of above-mentioned material); When flexible substrate 8 adopts metal forming, should lay a layer insulating at least between substrate 8 and the first conducting film; The first conducting film 9, the second conducting film 11, the 3rd conducting film 13, the 4th conducting film 15 all are that light transmission is good, resistivity is low, the conducting film of good mechanical property, can adopt one of the oxide of In (indium), Sn (tin), Zn (zinc) and Cd (cadmium) and composite multi-component oxide thereof or combination, also can select to mix one of the oxide of In (indium), Sn (tin), Zn (zinc) and Cd (cadmium) of AL (aluminium) and composite multi-component oxide thereof or make up; Described insulating barrier 12 can adopt that electrical insulating property is good, the inorganic of light-permeable (such as silica or other materials and combination), organic material (such as polyarylsulfone (PAS) or other materials and the combination of polyimide, light-permeable), or the combination of organic-inorganic material; The material of the first solar cell layer 10 and the second solar cell layer 14 can adopt inorganic (such as membrane polysilicon, amorphous silicon, microcrystal silicon, the nano TiO 2 crystal, cadmium sulfide, cadmium telluride, GaAs, copper indium diselenide, Copper Indium Gallium Selenide, zinc phosphide, or other multi-element compounds, or combinations thereof) or adopt organic material (such as the phthalocyanine compound of p-type, porphyrin, cyanines, polythiofuran derivative, the polyphenylene ethylene base, Merlon, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene card azoles, the diimide derivative of N-shaped, naphthalimide derivative, or organic pyrene compound),, inorganic doping system (such as DSSC).
The two glass photovoltaic component solar battery core boards of building-material-type of the present invention can adopt the plated film modes such as magnetron sputtering, metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), vapour deposition method to make nesa coating, make thin-film solar cells knot layer with employing enhancement mode plasma auxiliary chemical vapor deposition method (PECVD), the concrete technology flow process is as follows: 1, flexible substrate blanking, cleaning, oven dry; 2, make the first nesa coating; 3, use on request the laser grooving and scribing conducting film; 4, aforesaid substrate is packed into " deposition clamp ", and preheating; 5, the PECVD (plasma reinforced chemical vapour deposition stove) that packs into after the substrate preheating carries out the deposition of P-N or P-I-N (or P-I-N/P-I-N) semiconductor junction; 6, deposited rear taking-up substrate and put into cooling chamber and cool off at a slow speed; 7, laser grooving and scribing solar cell rete is so that the first nesa coating is connected with the second nesa coating of back; 8, make the second nesa coating at the aforesaid substrate face; 9, on request with laser grooving and scribing the second nesa coating and the first solar cell knot layer; 10, make insulating barrier at aforesaid substrate; 11, with laser grooving and scribing insulating barrier, the second nesa coating and the first solar cell knot layer are scratched; 12, make the 3rd nesa coating; 13, with laser grooving and scribing the 3rd nesa coating; 14, repeating step 4,5,6 is made the second solar cell knot layer at aforesaid substrate; 15, with laser the second solar cell knot layer, the 3rd nesa coating, insulating barrier are scratched; 16, make the 4th nesa coating at aforesaid substrate; 17, with laser the 4th nesa coating, the second solar cell knot layer, the 3rd nesa coating, insulating barrier, the second nesa coating and the first solar cell knot layer are scratched, realize that whole plate is by the sub-battery series connection of several monomers; 18, make output electrode; 19, IV tests, and tests the photovoltaic property of above-mentioned form film solar battery core board.
Fig. 8 B is two glass photovoltaic component solar battery core board detailed construction two schematic diagrames of building-material-type of the present invention.
Shown in Fig. 8 B, flexible thin-film solar cell central layer 2 specifically comprises flexible substrate 8, the first conducting film 9, the first solar cell layer 10, the second conducting film 11, the second solar cell layer 14, the 3rd conducting film 15.Narration for each structure sheaf is the same.Note simultaneously: the polarity of the first solar cell layer 10 and the second solar cell layer 11 is to be arranged symmetrically with around the second conductive layer 11, carries out electric energy output so that the first solar cell layer 10 and the second solar cell layer 11 share the second conductive layer 11.
Production method and the technological process isostructure one of the two glass photovoltaic component solar battery core board detailed construction two of building-material-type of the present invention, but structure two is one simpler than structure, production method and technological process are easy, and cost of manufacture is low.The technological process of its making is as follows: 1, flexible substrate blanking, cleaning, oven dry; 2, make the first nesa coating; 3, use on request the laser grooving and scribing conducting film; 4, aforesaid substrate is packed into " deposition clamp ", and preheating; 5, the PECVD (plasma reinforced chemical vapour deposition stove) that packs into after the substrate preheating carries out the deposition of P-N or P-I-N (or P-I-N/P-I-N) semiconductor junction; 6, deposited rear taking-up substrate and put into cooling chamber and cool off at a slow speed; 7, laser grooving and scribing solar cell rete is so that the first nesa coating is connected with the second nesa coating of back; 8, make the second nesa coating at the aforesaid substrate face; 9, use on request laser grooving and scribing the second nesa coating; 10, repeating step 4,5,6 is made the second solar cell knot layer at aforesaid substrate; 11, with laser the second solar cell knot layer, the second nesa coating, the first solar cell knot layer are scratched; 12, make the 3rd nesa coating at aforesaid substrate; 13, with laser the 3rd nesa coating, the second solar cell knot layer are scratched, realize that whole plate is by the sub-battery series connection of several monomers; 14, make output electrode; 15, IV tests, and tests the photovoltaic property of above-mentioned form film solar battery core board.
Fig. 9 A to Fig. 9 C is the solar cell layer structural representation of the used solar battery core board of the present invention.
Shown in Fig. 9 A, solar cell layer comprises the first type layer 16, Second-Type layer 17; Shown in Fig. 9 B, solar cell layer comprises the first type layer 16, intrinsic layer 18, Second-Type layer 17; Shown in Fig. 9 C, solar cell layer comprises the first type layer 16, intrinsic layer 18, Second-Type layer 17, the first type layer 19, intrinsic layer 20, Second-Type layer 21; The first type layer can be the p-type electric-conducting layer, and the Second-Type layer is the N-shaped conductive layer, or the first type layer can be the N-shaped conductive layer, and the Second-Type layer is the p-type electric-conducting layer.
The first solar cell layer 10 among above-mentioned Fig. 8 A and Fig. 8 B and the second solar cell layer 14 can be the structure of Fig. 9 A or the structure of Fig. 9 B, or the lamination of the structure of the lamination of the structure of Fig. 9 A (i.e. the battery layers of two Fig. 9 A structures series connection) or Fig. 9 B (i.e. the battery layers of two Fig. 9 B structures series connection), or above-mentioned both or many persons' lamination makes up.
Figure 10 A to Figure 10 C is that solar cell layer is the solar battery core board electrical block diagram of unijunction, binode, three knots.
The first solar cell layer 10 of the solar battery core board of the two glass photovoltaic components of building-material-type of the present invention and the second solar cell layer 11 can adopt parallel way to consist of a solar subcells (by the solar cell that laser is cut apart, also conduct consists of the series unit of thin-film solar cells group string).The output voltage of solar cell depends mainly on the band gap (bandwidth between conduction band and valence band) of material itself, and change very littlely with the sunray power, but the output current of solar cell but depends mainly on the sunray intensity that acts on it, and changes very greatly with the sunray power.The lamination solar cell (such as Fig. 9 A structure or Fig. 9 B structure) of different large spatia zonularises absorbs different wave length, though output voltage values is different separately, but all in an order of magnitude, and the light intensity of each wavelength distributes very inhomogeneous (energy of light is very inhomogeneous with Wavelength Assignment) in the sunray, so that the output current numerical value of each lamination solar cell there is a big difference, each lamination solar cell of conventional thin-film solar cells is all connected simultaneously, though output voltage increases, but output current can only be as the criterion with the current value of numerical value minimum, thereby cause the more photoelectric current of solar cell power output contribution is had a greatly reduced quality, directly reduced power output and the conversion efficiency of solar cell.
So, the sub-inside battery lamination solar cell of thin-film solar cells is together in parallel, take full advantage of the electric current of each lamination solar cell, be conducive to promote power output and the conversion efficiency of solar cell.When ground floor solar cell layer, second solar cell layer of the sub-inside battery of thin-film solar cells all adopt many knots (a plurality of P-N knots or P-I-N knot) laminated construction simultaneously, whole thin-film solar cells will consist of the first solar cell layer and the second solar cell layer in series by a plurality of single P-N knots or P-I-N knot, enough become sub-battery by the first solar cell layer with the second solar cell layer parallel connection again, then consisted of the thin-film solar cells of an integral body by sub-battery series connection.
The two glass photovoltaic components of building-material-type of the present invention are irregular because of profile, can not adopt the laminating machine of making conventional solar module to process, but the structure of the two glass photovoltaic components of building-material-type of the present invention and use material, very close with curved toughened rubber-laminated vacuum glass with the cement on double sides glass of glass industry routine, and can adopt bending furnace (or improved bending furnace and mould), annealing furnace, the doubling air pressure kettle (or improved glass laminating air pressure kettle) of producing curved toughened rubber-laminated vacuum glass to produce.The concrete mode of production and technological process are as follows: 1) upper and lower two blocks of glass stack and heat simultaneously hot bending; 2) slowly annealing cooling behind the hot bending; 3) will need the glass of tempering to put into annealing furnace and carry out tempering; 4) enter dust free room after the cooling, on glassly lay successively EVA/PVB glued membrane, flexible thin-film solar cell central layer (having carried out contact conductor), EVA/PVB glued membrane at lighting surface, support cover glass (note when laying daylighting glass with the light direction that is subjected to thin-film solar cells); 5, above-mentioned volt member to be calendered is loaded on vacuum bag, vacuumizes; 6, take out above-mentioned volt member to be calendered, put into air pressure kettle, closing lid and heating; 7, the humidity in the adjustable pressure still guarantees the bonding reliability of glued membrane; When 8 volt members to be calendered rise to uniform temperature, give pressurization in the air pressure kettle, carry out the compacting of photovoltaic component.Simultaneously, the two glass photovoltaic components of the building-material-type of simple surface profile also can adopt the compacting of roller press hot melt.
In a word; the flexible solar battery central layer that the present invention utilizes sub-inside battery solar cell layer to adopt the flexible thin-film solar cell of parallel way to make; can be with upper; lower protective layer (bend glass) consists of an integral body; formation has the photoelectric conversion efficiency height; stable performance; life-span is long; safe and reliable; both heat insulation; insulation; sound insulation; antiultraviolet; breakage-proofly fall; can select printing opacity again; satisfy certain daylighting demand; but and two-sided lighting light generating; while appearance radian building-material-type double-faced glass photovoltaic component elegant in appearance; can be processed to the shape of various complexity; more convenient realization solar module is consistent with building on curved surface; accomplish building integration; solar energy fabricating yard and building curtain wall cost have not only been saved; simultaneously can be according to daylighting or use occasion; on with material and solar battery core board preparation, controlled respectively; make it to satisfy good in economic efficiency; photoelectric conversion rate is high; safe and reliable, realize simultaneously photovoltaic generation; building curtain wall is decorated; the function of the each side such as fire safety.
Aforementioned all is of the present invention illustrating, not as limit, the present invention is equally applicable to the building-material-type pair glass photovoltaic components on plane, and only adopts single or multiple semiconductor junctions (P-N knot or P-I-N knot) or two glass photovoltaic components of the thin-film solar cells of the sub-battery formation of the serial solar energy that combines of P-N knot and P-I-N knot.
In sum; the solar battery core board that the present invention utilizes sub-inside battery solar cell knot layer to adopt the flexible thin-film solar cell of parallel way to make; can be with upper; lower protective layer (bend glass) consists of an integral body; formation has the photoelectric conversion efficiency height; stable performance; life-span is long; safe and reliable; both heat insulation; insulation; sound insulation; antiultraviolet; breakage-proofly fall; the building-material-type double-faced glass photovoltaic component of light-permeable; both can satisfy certain daylighting demand; but again two-sided lighting light generating; the appearance radian is elegant in appearance simultaneously; conveniently realize building integration (BIPV), be particularly suitable for the photovoltaic glass curtain wall on complex-curved and plane; photovoltaic glass lighting roof and photovoltaic carport; all kinds of buildings such as photovoltaic waiting booth are used.
Although basic principle of the present invention, structure, method are set forth by above-mentioned specific embodiment, under the prerequisite that does not break away from main idea of the present invention, according to above-described inspiration, those of ordinary skills can not need to pay creative work can implement conversion/alternative form or combination, repeats no more herein.
Claims (10)
1. building-material-type double-faced glass photovoltaic component comprises solar battery core board and is located at upper protective layer and the lower protective layer of solar battery core board both sides; It is characterized in that described upper protective layer and lower protective layer are the identical bend glass of bending curvature, described solar battery core board is flexible material, and its bending curvature also bending curvature with upper protective layer, lower protective layer is identical.
2. a kind of building-material-type double-faced glass photovoltaic component according to claim 1 is characterized in that being respectively equipped with between described solar battery core board and upper protective layer, the lower protective layer glued membrane, lower glued membrane; The solar cell rete that described solar battery core board comprises flexible substrate and connects with flexible substrate.
3. a kind of building-material-type double-faced glass photovoltaic component according to claim 2 is characterized in that described flexible substrate is metal forming or nonmetal flexible substrate; Described solar cell rete is the thin-film solar cells layer; Described upper glued membrane, lower glued membrane are PVB film or EVA film.
4. a kind of building-material-type double-faced glass photovoltaic component according to claim 3 is characterized in that described flexible substrate is provided with several through-hole structures, and described through-hole structure is circular hole, elliptical aperture, square hole, delthyrium, diamond hole or star-shaped aperture etc.; Described upper protective layer, lower protective layer are the bend glass of the forms such as single curved, bending, composite bent, many curvatures, spherical crown surface or warp surface.
5. a kind of building-material-type double-faced glass photovoltaic component according to claim 2 is characterized in that described upper protective layer is low iron ultrawhite toughened glass; Described lower protective layer is common toughened glass, flame resistant glass or semi-tempered glass.
6. a kind of building-material-type double-faced glass photovoltaic component according to claim 3, it is characterized in that described solar cell rete comprises upper conductive film, lower conductive film, and the P-I-N that is located between upper conductive film and the lower conductive film ties layer, described upper conductive film is transparency conducting film, described lower conductive film is transparency conducting film or aluminium film, and described P-I-N knot layer is one deck or more than two layers.
7. a kind of building-material-type double-faced glass photovoltaic component according to claim 6, it is characterized in that the solar cell rete on the described solar battery core board is divided into several cell pieces, the lower conductive film of each cell piece is provided with the built-in end between the P-I-N layer that places flexible substrate and adjacent cell sheet, described P-I-N knot layer is provided with the conduction perforation for the lower conductive film built-in end that connects upper conductive film and adjacent cell sheet, is provided with the electric conductor that is integrated with upper conductive film in the described conduction perforation.
8. a kind of building-material-type double-faced glass photovoltaic component according to claim 6, it is characterized in that the solar cell rete on the described solar battery core board is divided into several cell pieces, be the tandem compound structure of single P-N ties or the cascaded structure of a plurality of P-N knot, single P-I-N knot or a plurality of P-I-N tie tandem compound structure, P-N knot and P-I-N knot, or be the parallel connection mode of aforementioned structure.
9. the manufacture method of the two glass photovoltaic components of a building-material-type, it comprises following manufacture process:
1, flexible substrate blanking, cleaning, oven dry;
2, make the first nesa coating;
3, use on request the laser grooving and scribing conducting film;
4, aforesaid substrate is packed into " deposition clamp ", and preheating;
5, the PECVD (plasma reinforced chemical vapour deposition stove) that packs into after the substrate preheating carries out the deposition of P-N or P-I-N (or P-I-N/P-I-N) semiconductor junction;
6, deposited rear taking-up substrate and put into cooling chamber and cool off at a slow speed;
7, laser grooving and scribing solar cell rete is so that the first nesa coating is connected with the second nesa coating of back;
8, make the second nesa coating at the aforesaid substrate face;
9, use on request laser grooving and scribing the second nesa coating;
10, repeating step 4,5,6 is made the second solar cell knot layer at aforesaid substrate;
11, with laser the second solar cell knot layer, the second nesa coating, the first solar cell knot layer are scratched;
12, make the 3rd nesa coating at aforesaid substrate;
13, with laser the 3rd nesa coating, the second solar cell knot layer are scratched, realize that whole plate is by the sub-battery series connection of several monomers;
14, make output electrode;
15, IV tests, and tests the photovoltaic property of above-mentioned form film solar battery core board;
16, lower PVB/EVA glued membrane, flexible thin-film solar cell central layer, upper PVB/EVA glued membrane, upper cover glass correctly are stacked on the lower cover glass;
17, the above-mentioned assembly to be pressed that stacks is packed into vacuum bag vacuumizes;
18, assembly above-mentioned to be pressed is put into air pressure kettle, operation laminated into type is carried out in the pressurization of heating.
10. the manufacture method of the two glass photovoltaic components of a kind of building-material-type according to claim 9 is characterized in that described solar cell layer material is:
The combination in any of membrane polysilicon, amorphous silicon, microcrystal silicon, nano TiO 2 crystal, cadmium sulfide, cadmium telluride, GaAs, copper indium diselenide, Copper Indium Gallium Selenide, zinc phosphide or other multi-element compounds inorganic or above-mentioned material,
Or,
Be phthalocyanine compound, porphyrin, cyanines, polythiofuran derivative, polyphenylene ethylene base, Merlon, polyvinyl acetate, the polyethylene card azoles of p-type, the organic materials such as the diimide derivative of N-shaped, naphthalimide derivative, pyrene compound,
Or,
Solar cell for organic and inorganic doping system.
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