WO2014171633A1 - 입력 절연형 스위칭 소자용 게이트 드라이버 - Google Patents
입력 절연형 스위칭 소자용 게이트 드라이버 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014171633A1 WO2014171633A1 PCT/KR2014/001964 KR2014001964W WO2014171633A1 WO 2014171633 A1 WO2014171633 A1 WO 2014171633A1 KR 2014001964 W KR2014001964 W KR 2014001964W WO 2014171633 A1 WO2014171633 A1 WO 2014171633A1
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- switching element
- capacitor
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- switching
- gate driver
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/16—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents
- H03K17/161—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents in field-effect transistor switches
- H03K17/162—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents in field-effect transistor switches without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
- H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
- H03K17/687—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being field-effect transistors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
- H03K2217/0036—Means reducing energy consumption
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a gate driver for a switching element, and more particularly to a gate driver for improving the driving efficiency of the switching element.
- FIG. 1 is a LLC resonant inverter circuit diagram of a conventional MOSFET switch.
- MOSFET switches M1 and M2 alternately switch to supply energy to a load.
- the drain-source of M1 or M2 The switch can be turned on when the voltage across both is nearly zero. This operation is called zero-voltage switching (ZVS).
- ZVS zero-voltage switching
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a conventional synchronous buck converter.
- 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a ZVS operation using a conventional gate driver.
- FIG. 3 shows an equivalent circuit when a switch satisfying a ZVS condition is turned on using a conventional gate driver circuit 10. Because of the ZVS condition, the drain of M1 is at the same potential as the source. In FIG. 3, the ground level is set. At this time, if M2 is on, M1 is on and ZVS is completed. In order for M1 to be turned on, the gate-source parasitic capacitor Cgs and the gate-drain parasitic capacitor Cgd must be charged above the threshold voltage for the MOSFET to be turned on. At this time, the power (Pswitching) supplied from the power supply (VDD) is shown in Equation 1.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a gate driver capable of reducing switching power consumption consumed for gate charging when driving a switching element.
- a gate driver for driving a switching device includes a capacitor coupled to an input of the switching device.
- the gate driver supplies electric charge through the capacitor to turn on the switching device and discharge the capacitor when the switching device is turned off.
- the gate driver supplies charge through the capacitor to turn on the switching element, preserves the charge charged in the capacitor when the switching element is off, and preserves the capacitor at the input to turn the switching element back on. Recycled charges.
- the gate driver shares the charge stored in the capacitor with the parasitic capacitor of the switching element at the input for turning on the switching element again.
- the parasitic capacitor of the switching element is a gate-source parasitic capacitor and a gate-drain parasitic capacitor of the switching element.
- both the Capacitor Coupled Gate Driver (CCGD) and the Charge Recycle Capacitor Coupled Gate Driver (CRCCGD) are both based on a capacitor coupled driver, and the conduction loss is somewhat increased. However, reducing the switching loss to a larger rate creates the effect of increasing the overall efficiency.
- the gate driver according to the present invention is zero-voltage switching and the input is insulated, which creates an excellent efficiency improvement effect compared to the conventional method in applications that drive a switching device, such as a MOSFET, GaN device at high speed.
- 1 is a LLC resonant inverter circuit diagram composed of a conventional MOSFET switch.
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a conventional synchronous buck converter.
- 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram in a ZVS operation using a conventional gate driver.
- 5 is a graph showing the maximum efficiency point according to the MOSFET size.
- FIG. 6 is a gate driving circuit diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a view illustrating an operating principle of the gate driving circuit shown in FIG. 6.
- FIG. 8 is a gate driving circuit diagram according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a view showing a drive waveform of each switch shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a view illustrating an operating principle of the gate driving circuit shown in FIG. 8.
- Fig. 13 is a graph of PSF comparison between CRCCGD and CCGD.
- 15 is a graph showing the efficiency of an active rectifier.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing on-resistance (Rdson) of a MOSFET according to a gate driving voltage of a 20v-class Lateral Double Diffused MOS (LDMOS).
- the X axis is the gate drive voltage [V] and the Y axis is Rdson [mOhm], the on resistance of the MOSFET.
- Threshold voltage of 20V LDMOS is about 0.8V, and if you drive more than 2V, you can get the desired on characteristics.
- the higher the gate voltage the smaller the Rdson, but not the smaller, and the more the voltage decreases.
- the ratio of gate width and length of the MOSFETs used in the graph is 6000 * NR / 1.3 [um / um].
- FIG. 6 is a gate driving circuit diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an operation principle of the gate driving circuit shown in FIG. 6.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a capacitor coupled gate driver (CCGD) circuit.
- CCGD capacitor coupled gate driver
- a capacitor (Cs) is connected in series between the output terminal of the driver consisting of M2 and M3 and M1.
- FIG. 7A illustrates an operation during M1 turn-on
- FIG. 7B illustrates an operation during M2 turn-off.
- FIG. 7A when M2 is turned on, charge is supplied through Cs and Vg is raised to turn M1 on.
- the total capacitance (Ctotal) to be charged from the power source is equal to Equation 4 since the total capacitance (Ctotal) is the same as the series-connected capacity of Cs and Cg.
- switching loss (P s, CCGD ) due to CCGD can be expressed as Equation 5 using Equations 1 and 4.
- PSF Power Save Factor
- FIG. 8 is a gate driving circuit diagram according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 shows an improved gate drive circuit to further improve switching loss.
- the gate driving circuit of FIG. 6 since the Cs charge is discharged when M1 is turned off, the efficiency improvement effect is not large.
- the charge stored in Cs is used to charge cg when M1 is turned off and then turned on again to further improve switching loss. Since the Cs charge is recycled, the gate driving circuit of FIG. 8 is referred to as a charge recycle capacitor coupled gate driver (CRCCGD).
- FIG. 9 illustrates driving waveforms of the switches illustrated in FIG. 8.
- FIG. 10 is a view illustrating an operating principle of the gate driving circuit shown in FIG. 8.
- FIG. 10C illustrates an operation when an input for turning on M1 is input.
- M4 and M5 are turned on to share the charge charged in Cs with Cg. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 9, the OUT voltage is charged between the maximum voltage and the minimum voltage.
- M2 is turned on again to further charge Cg, and recharged by the reduced charge shared from Cs to Cg.
- 11A is an equivalent circuit in which gate driving is completed and Cs and Cg are buffered. It is assumed that Cs is ⁇ times larger than Cg as in the previous case, and it is assumed that the voltage charged in Cs is ⁇ V when the buffer is completed as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 11B SW1 is turned on, and the charge of Cs is recycled to charge Cg. Equation 6 is satisfied by the charge conservation theory.
- Equation 7 Obtaining the Vx voltage in Equation 6 is as shown in Equation 7.
- (C) of FIG. 11 is an equivalent circuit at the time of turning on M1 completely. Therefore, although charges are supplied to Cs and Cg from VDD, Cs and Cg are charged to Vx by the charge recycled in Fig. 11B, so that an equivalent circuit as in Fig. 11C is obtained.
- the gate voltage Vg is obtained from Equation 8.
- Vcs should be equal to ⁇ V of FIG. 11A.
- ⁇ V obtained from the equations (7) and (9) is the same as that of the equation (10).
- an operation of supplying charges to Cs and Cg in VDD corresponds to operation (c) of FIG. 11.
- the charge supplied from VDD is supplied to the capacitor connected in series with CS and Cg, multiplied by (VDD-2 * Vx), thereby providing a charge as shown in Equation 12.
- PSF CRCCGD which is the PSF of CRCCGD, is expressed as ⁇ / (1 + 3 ⁇ ).
- 13 is a graph of PSF comparison between CRCCGD and CCGD.
- CCGD and CRCCGD are driven by a Cs capacitor coupled with the MOSFET to be driven, so once the Cs capacitor is fully charged, the MOSFET gates can no longer be charged. If the drain voltage decreases when M1 is turned on, the Cgd amplification occurs because the current flowing through the Cgd increases in proportion to the change of the drain voltage due to the Miller effect. Therefore, the effect of increasing Cg occurs, which is similar to the effect of decreasing ⁇ . Therefore, the gate voltage does not rise smoothly, making it difficult to drive the MOSFET. For this reason, CCGD and CRCCGD are suitable for ZVS application circuits in which the drain and source potential of the MOSFET are on and the drain and source potentials are fixed.
- Figure 14 is an active rectifier efficiency verification circuit diagram
- Figure 15 is a graph showing the efficiency of the active rectifier.
- the efficiency when the active rectifier is implemented in the magnetic resonance power transmission system is simulated.
- the active rectifier 100 is implemented using an active diode 200 composed of MOSFTET and CRCCGD.
- the active diode also turns on when the voltage across A and K is greater than 0, and it can use CRCCGD because it satisfies the ZVS condition.
- a DC-DC converter 300 with 90% efficiency at the output supplies 5W to the load. Therefore, the power supplied from the active rectifier 100 is 5.5W.
- the simulation conditions to compare the effects of conventional gate driver and CRCCGD are as follows.
- the switching frequency of the active rectifier is 6.78MHz
- the gate voltage is 5V when driving a MOSFET of an active diode with a common gate driver.
- ⁇ 1
- the gate driving voltage is 2.5V by Equation 11. Therefore, in the case of CRCCGD, the conduction loss is inferior to that of the general gate driver.
- the switching frequency is very high at 6.78MHz, resulting in a very large switching loss. Reducing switching loss due to CRCCGD can improve the overall efficiency, thereby obtaining a result as shown in FIG. 14.
- the simulation results show that the circuit efficiency using CRCCGD under all conditions is higher than that of the conventional driver.
- Both CCGD and CRCCGD are based on capacitor coupled drivers, which increase the overall efficiency by slightly reducing the switching loss, although the conduction loss is slightly increased.
- the CCGD and the CRCCGD according to the present invention have zero-voltage switching and generate an efficiency improvement effect compared to the conventional method in an application for driving a switching device having an input insulated, for example, a MOSFET or a GaN device at high speed.
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- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
- Power Conversion In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (7)
- 스위칭 소자를 구동하는 게이트 드라이버에 있어서,상기 스위칭 소자의 입력과 커플링(coupling) 되는 커패시터;를 포함하는 게이트 드라이버.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 게이트 드라이버는 상기 커패시터를 통해 전하를 공급하여 상기 스위칭 소자를 온 시키고, 상기 스위칭 소자를 오프할 때 상기 커패시터를 방전시키는 게이트 드라이버.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 게이트 드라이버는 상기 커패시터를 통해 전하를 공급하여 상기 스위칭 소자를 온 시키고, 상기 스위칭 소자의 오프시 상기 커패시터에 충전된 전하를 보존하며, 상기 스위칭 소자를 다시 온 하기 위한 입력시에 상기 커패시터에 보존된 전하를 재활용하는 게이트 드라이버.
- 제3항에 있어서,상기 게이트 드라이버는 상기 스위칭 소자를 다시 온 하기 위한 입력시에 상기 커패시터에 보존된 전하를 상기 스위칭 소자의 기생 커패시터에 공유시키는 게이트 드라이버.
- 제4항에 있어서,상기 스위칭 소자의 기생 커패시터는 상기 스위칭 소자의 게이트-소스 간 기생 커패시터 및 게이트-드레인 간 기생 커패시터인 게이트 드라이버.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 스위칭 소자는 제로 전압 스위칭(zero-voltage switching)을 하며 입력이 절연되어 있는 게이트 드라이버.
- 제1항 내지 제6항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,상기 커패시터의 용량은 상기 스위칭 소자의 도통 손실(conduction loss)의 증가 비율에 비해 스위칭 손실(switching loss) 감소 비율이 더 높도록 설정되는 게이트 드라이버.
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CN201480021930.3A CN105144582B (zh) | 2013-04-19 | 2014-03-10 | 用于隔离输入开关器件的栅极驱动器 |
US14/785,160 US9391601B2 (en) | 2013-04-19 | 2014-03-10 | Gate driver for isolated input switching device |
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KR20130043721A KR101495334B1 (ko) | 2013-04-19 | 2013-04-19 | 입력 절연형 스위칭 소자용 게이트 드라이버 |
KR10-2013-0043721 | 2013-04-19 |
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KR (1) | KR101495334B1 (ko) |
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CN107431385A (zh) * | 2015-03-18 | 2017-12-01 | 曼珀斯有限公司 | 无线电力接收器 |
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JP6842837B2 (ja) | 2016-03-30 | 2021-03-17 | ローム株式会社 | ゲート駆動回路 |
CN107294364B (zh) * | 2016-03-30 | 2020-08-14 | 通用电气公司 | 开关系统、开关组件及故障保护方法 |
CN105656295B (zh) * | 2016-04-01 | 2018-04-24 | 广州弘熙信息科技有限公司 | 一种应用于双向高速开关的栅极驱动电路 |
JP2021068930A (ja) | 2019-10-17 | 2021-04-30 | キオクシア株式会社 | 半導体集積回路およびコントローラ |
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US7728650B2 (en) * | 2007-06-15 | 2010-06-01 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Switches with passive bootstrap of control signal |
JP5561352B2 (ja) * | 2012-02-22 | 2014-07-30 | 株式会社デンソー | 駆動回路 |
CN103617784B (zh) * | 2013-11-27 | 2015-12-30 | 昆山龙腾光电有限公司 | 一种栅极驱动电路及使用其的显示装置 |
-
2013
- 2013-04-19 KR KR20130043721A patent/KR101495334B1/ko active IP Right Grant
-
2014
- 2014-03-10 WO PCT/KR2014/001964 patent/WO2014171633A1/ko active Application Filing
- 2014-03-10 CN CN201480021930.3A patent/CN105144582B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-03-10 US US14/785,160 patent/US9391601B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
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KR0138306B1 (ko) * | 1994-12-14 | 1998-06-15 | 김광호 | 영전압 스위칭 제어회로 |
KR20070019834A (ko) * | 2005-08-11 | 2007-02-15 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 플라즈마 표시 장치 및 게이트 구동 장치 |
KR20080072588A (ko) * | 2007-02-02 | 2008-08-06 | 인더스트리얼 테크놀로지 리서치 인스티튜트 | 게이트 드라이버를 위한 쉬프트 레지스터 |
KR20090006785A (ko) * | 2007-07-12 | 2009-01-15 | 가부시키가이샤 히타치세이사쿠쇼 | 전압구동형 반도체소자의 드라이브회로 및 인버터장치 |
Cited By (2)
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CN107431385A (zh) * | 2015-03-18 | 2017-12-01 | 曼珀斯有限公司 | 无线电力接收器 |
CN107431385B (zh) * | 2015-03-18 | 2020-11-20 | 曼珀斯有限公司 | 无线电力接收器 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US9391601B2 (en) | 2016-07-12 |
CN105144582B (zh) | 2018-06-12 |
US20160072498A1 (en) | 2016-03-10 |
CN105144582A (zh) | 2015-12-09 |
KR20140125646A (ko) | 2014-10-29 |
KR101495334B1 (ko) | 2015-02-24 |
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