WO2014154025A1 - 类黄酮在制药中的应用 - Google Patents

类黄酮在制药中的应用 Download PDF

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WO2014154025A1
WO2014154025A1 PCT/CN2014/000329 CN2014000329W WO2014154025A1 WO 2014154025 A1 WO2014154025 A1 WO 2014154025A1 CN 2014000329 W CN2014000329 W CN 2014000329W WO 2014154025 A1 WO2014154025 A1 WO 2014154025A1
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release
flavonoids
group
quercetin
histamine
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PCT/CN2014/000329
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English (en)
French (fr)
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许翔
王燕
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Xu Xiang
Wang Yan
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Publication of WO2014154025A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014154025A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/12Ketones
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/335Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
    • A61K31/35Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/352Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. methantheline 
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/335Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
    • A61K31/35Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/352Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. methantheline 
    • A61K31/3533,4-Dihydrobenzopyrans, e.g. chroman, catechin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the use of flavonoids, in particular to the use in the field of pharmacy, in particular to the application of flavonoids in inhibiting the synthesis and release of leukocyte inflammatory mediators caused by microorganisms or chemical stimuli, and promoting the production and release of anti-inflammatory factors by leukocytes to promote The application of the regression of inflammation.
  • mycoplasma infection can stimulate neutrophil synthesis and release a large amount of histamine, which plays an important role in pulmonary infection and inflammation caused by mycoplasma (Xu Xiang et al. , Journal of Experimental Medicine 2006 ; 203 : 2907 - 2917 ).
  • many microbial infections including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, also stimulated neutrophil synthesis to produce and release large amounts of histamine and other inflammatory mediators (Xu et al, Journal of Leukocyte Biology 2012; 91: 275- 284).
  • mast cells and basophils are the main source of histamine in the body.
  • Mast cells are the most important histamine production and storage cells in the human body, and a small amount is present in basophils.
  • Mast cells and basophils can produce and store histamine in normal bodies but not equal to releasing it under disease conditions leading to disease.
  • pro-resolving mediators such as prostaglandin E2 and IL10 are involved in the inflammatory response. These anti-inflammatory factors can help the body recover from the inflammatory response (Bruce D. Levy, et al. Nature I Saunology 2001; 2: 612-619; Ira Tabas, et al. Science 2013; 339: 166- 1 7 2).
  • Previous studies have also found that inhaled prostaglandin E2 regulates or inhibits respiratory and inflammatory reactions caused by allergic or non-allergic factors (Walter G. Smith, et al. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 1996; 154: 295 -299).
  • neutrophils Mainly due to diseases caused by infection Infiltrating cells are neutrophils and neutrophils are white blood cells (about 50-70% of total white blood cells) in human blood. Microbial infection stimulates neutrophil production and release of tissues, and other This finding of some inflammatory mediators is significant, prompting the inventors to find drugs that inhibit microbial neutrophil production and release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators.
  • Irritation caused by chemical irritants has been studied for decades, and its pathogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated.
  • many chemicals including surfactants, some organic solvents, and synthetic small molecules, can also stimulate the production and release of large amounts of histamine and leukotrienes by neutrophils and mast cells.
  • inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins.
  • surfactants are used in a wide range of applications in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, food, detergents, printing and dyeing, printing, and insecticides.
  • new synthetic chemicals are available every day, and many new chemicals cause irritation and inflammatory reactions after contact with the human body.
  • the inventors' research has found that these chemicals stimulate neutrophil synthesis and release large amounts of histamine and other inflammatory mediators and release histamine from mast cells and stimulate mast cells to produce other new inflammatory mediators.
  • Animal experiments have found that the main infiltrating cells of the stimulatory response caused by chemicals are neutrophils, which are one of the normal components of connective tissue. This new finding prompted the inventors to seek drugs that inhibit the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators from these cells in order to treat diseases caused by exposure to these chemicals.
  • the ideal therapeutic drug is a drug that inhibits the release of several inflammatory mediators at the same time.
  • Hormone drugs are used in many diseases. Although hormonal drugs are widely used in the treatment of various diseases, its complications and side effects are obvious, and it is generally prohibited to use hormonal drugs in diseases caused by microbial infections because hormone drugs can be reduced. The body's immune cell activity is not conducive to the control of the body's infection and even accompanied by other new infections.
  • drugs for a specific inflammatory mediator such as antihistamines, anti-leukotrienes, etc., but the disadvantage is that these drugs are only targeted to a certain inflammatory mediator and the side effects are obvious.
  • those antihistamines traditional antihistamines are mainly some histamine receptor antagonists
  • most antihistamines often cause drowsiness, depression, headache, dry mouth, cardiotoxicity, constipation, dysuria, blurred vision And other side effects.
  • These side effects are especially pronounced in the elderly and in individuals who are sensitive to these drugs.
  • anti-histamines with less sedative effects have been developed, but there is still a significant risk to some individuals.
  • Flavonoids are widely distributed in the plant kingdom. More than 4,000 kinds have been discovered, and they exist in nature in the form of glycosides or free forms. Flavonoids are polyphenolic structural compounds, often referred to as a series of compounds in which a benzene ring (A- and B-ring) having a phenolic hydroxyl group is linked to each other via a central three-carbon atom, and its basic core is 2-phenylchromanone. (See Equation 1). A functional group such as a phenolic hydroxyl group, a methyl group, a methoxy group or an isopentenyl group is often bonded to the flavonoid structure.
  • a functional group such as a phenolic hydroxyl group, a methyl group, a methoxy group or an isopentenyl group is often bonded to the flavonoid structure.
  • flavonoids it is divided into various sub-categories, such as flavonols (including quercetin, quercetin, kaempf erol, etc.); flavonoids (including lavenders, including baicalein, celery) Apigenin, etc.; flavanones (including naringenin, etc.); flavan-3-ol (f lavan- 3-ols, including catechins, etc.); (chalcones, including phloretin, etc.); anthocyanidins (including cyanidin, etc.); isoflavones (including isoflavones, etc.); theaflavins (theaflavins, including Theaflavin, etc.); These flavonoids have a variety of physiological and biological activities, such as antibacterial, antiviral, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-allergic, anti-free, anti-inflammatory and other biological activities and pharmacological effects.
  • flavonoids include lavenders, including baicalein,
  • Flavonoids have broad application prospects in pharmaceuticals, foods and cosmetics due to their various activities and their non-toxic and safe safety.
  • some flavonoids can be used in skin care products or medicines, and have anti-aging, anti-wrinkle, anti-bacterial, anti-viral effects (see PCT/CN2004/000136, PCT/CN2009/000994, US5665367, CN183).
  • Quercetin or some other flavonoids have been found in previous studies to inhibit the release of histamine from mast cells induced by IgE channels or ionophores, and to inhibit neutrophil production and release of leukotrienes by ionophores. Inflammatory mediators (Elliott Middleton, Jr., et al. Ph&rmacological Reviews 2000; 52: 673-751).
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa not only does not stimulate the release of histamine from human mast cells, but also inhibits the release of histamine from human mast cells, and it does not stimulate human mast cells to produce more inflammatory mediators such as leukotrienes B4, C4 and prostaglandin D2.
  • ionophores Materials such as ionophores are only used in laboratory studies to activate some cells and are not used in people's daily lives.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the existing obstacles and provide a new use of a variety of flavonoids.
  • the object of the present invention is specifically achieved by the following technical solutions:
  • flavonoids in the preparation of a medicament for inhibiting the synthesis and release of leukocyte inflammatory mediators and promoting the production and release of anti-inflammatory factors by leukocytes, in particular, the preparation and release of flavonoids in inhibiting the infection and release of leukocyte inflammatory mediators caused by microbial infection or exposure to chemical stimuli
  • the application of the drug The use of the drug.
  • flavonoids in the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting the synthesis of neutrophils or mast cells and the release of histamine or leukotrienes by microbial infection or exposure to chemical stimuli.
  • the medicament can be applied to systems such as the skin, facial features, oral cavity, respiratory system, digestive system, genitourinary system, blood system, nervous system, endocrine system, muscles and bone joints.
  • the microorganisms include living and dead microorganisms including bacteria, actinomycetes, viruses, fungi, mycoplasma, chlamydia, rickettsia, spirochetes, parasites.
  • the bacteria include, but are not limited to, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus hemolyticus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pneumococci, Meningococcal, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, large intestine Heterozygous, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella, Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholerae, Shigella, Helicobacter pylori, Listeria, Botox, Neisseria gonor
  • the chemical irritants are all chemicals that cause irritation to the body, including but not limited to surfactants, organic solvents, and other natural or synthetic chemicals.
  • the flavonoids include natural or synthetic compounds having a flavonoid structure or analogs thereof extracted from various plants.
  • the total concentration is preferably It is 0. ⁇ -1M, more preferably 0. ⁇ - ⁇ , and ⁇ - ⁇ is optimal.
  • the flavonoid is dissolved in water, an organic solvent, a fat-soluble solvent, a solubilizing agent or a pharmaceutically acceptable filler in a unit dosage form, including but not limited to tablets, pills, capsules, sprays, and gases.
  • the administration form of the medicament includes oral, inhalation, parenteral injection, mucous membrane, muscle, intravenous, subcutaneous, intraocular, intradermal, intravaginal or dermal, etc., its carrier, excipient, diluent, and addition
  • the solvent is pharmaceutically acceptable and compatible with the active ingredient.
  • flavonoids in the preparation of a medicament for inhibiting neutrophil synthesis and releasing histamine or leukotrienes caused by live or dead Staphylococcus aureus stimulation.
  • flavonoids in the preparation of a medicament for synthesizing and releasing the anti-inflammatory factor prostaglandin ⁇ 2 after increasing the infection of neutrophils by S. aureus.
  • flavonoids in the preparation of a medicament for inhibiting the synthesis of human leukocytes and releasing histamine by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
  • flavonoids in the preparation of a medicament for inhibiting the synthesis of saponins of scutellarin and releasing histamine or leukotrienes.
  • flavonoids in the preparation of a medicament for inhibiting the synthesis of mandarin saponins in mast cells and releasing histamine or leukotrienes.
  • the flavonoid is preferably one or more of baicalein, kaempferol, catechin, cyanidin, naringenin, phloretin, genistein or quercetin at a concentration of ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ - 1 ⁇ , preferably 0. ⁇ -lOmM, more preferably ⁇ -1000 ⁇ .
  • the sucrose sucrose is preferably quercetin, and is applied to the quercetin solution in a concentration of 0. 0001 wt% - 50 wt%, preferably 0. 005 wt% - 10 wt%, more preferably 0. 01 wt% - 5wt%.
  • flavonoids in the preparation of a medicament for treating inflammatory stimuli leading to pruritus, redness, heat and pain.
  • 005wt%-10wt% More preferably 0. 005wt% - 10wt%, more preferably 0. 0001wt% - 50wt%, preferably 0. 0005wt% - 10wt%, more preferably 0. 0001wt% - 50wt%, preferably 0. 005wt% - 10wt%, more preferably 0. 01wt%-5 t
  • the flavonoid is applied to the affected area by using a glycerin solvent as a carrier, wherein the flavonoid is selected from 1 wt% quercetin or 1 wt% quercetin and 0.03 wt% phloretin.
  • the flavonoids used in the present invention have the following core molecular structures:
  • R3' is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a methoxy group, a thiol group, or other groups;
  • R5' is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a methoxy group, an alkyl group, or other groups;
  • the alkyl group includes an alkyl group of one to six carbons, but is not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, hexyl and the like.
  • Isorhamnetin R3' is a methoxy group and R5' is a hydrogen atom.
  • Kaempferol R3' is a hydrogen atom and R5' is a hydrogen atom.
  • R3' is a hydroxyl group and R5' is a hydrogen atom.
  • Myricetin R3' is a hydroxyl group and R5' is a hydroxyl group.
  • R 3 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a methoxy group, an alkyl group, or the like;
  • R2 ', R3', R4', R5', R6' are each independently a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a methoxy group, an alkyl group, or other groups;
  • the alkyl group includes an alkyl group of one to six carbons, but is not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, hexyl and the like.
  • R5, R7 and R4' are all hydroxyl groups, and other substituents are hydrogen atoms.
  • R5, R7, R3' and R4' are all hydroxyl groups, and other substituents are hydrogen atoms.
  • R3, R6, R8, R2', R3', R4', R5' and R6' are each independently a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a methoxy group, an alkyl group, or other groups;
  • the alkyl group includes a fluorenyl group of one to six carbons, but is not limited to methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, pentyl group, isopentyl group, hexyl group and the like.
  • R3' and R4' are both hydroxyl groups, and other substituents are hydrogen atoms.
  • R4' is a methoxy group, R3' is a hydroxyl group, and the other substituent is a hydrogen atom.
  • R5' is a hydroxyl group, a hydrogen atom or other group
  • R2 is a hydroxyl group, a hydrogen atom, a gallate, or other group
  • R3 is a hydroxyl group, a hydrogen atom, a gallate group, or other group.
  • Catechins [ (+) - catechin] R3 is a hydroxyl group, and R2 and R5' are a hydrogen atom.
  • Green tea polyphenol [ (-) -epigallocatechin-3-gallate, EGCG]: R5' is a hydroxyl group, R2 is a gallate, and R3 is a hydrogen atom.
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a methoxy group, a decyl group, or the like;
  • R2', R3', R4', R5', R6' are each independently a hydrogen atom, a hydroxymethoxy group, a thiol group, or other groups;
  • the fluorenyl group includes a one to six carbon alkyl group, but is not limited to methyl group, ethyl propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, pentyl group, isopentyl group, hexyl group and the like.
  • R2 is a hydroxyl group; the other substituent is a hydrogen atom.
  • Phloetin There is a carbon-carbon single bond between C ⁇ and C ⁇ .
  • R2′, R4′, R6′3 ⁇ 4 R4 are all hydroxyl groups, and other substituents are hydrogen atoms.
  • R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a methoxy group, an alkyl group, or the like;
  • R2', R3', R4', R5', R6' are each independently a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a methoxy group, an alkyl group, or other groups;
  • the alkyl group includes an alkyl group of one to six carbons, but is not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, hexyl and the like.
  • Pelargonidin ): R3, R5, R7 and R4' are hydroxyl groups; the other substituents are hydrogen atoms.
  • R3' and R5' are methoxy groups; R3, R5, R7 and R4' are hydroxyl groups; other substituents are hydrogen atoms.
  • R2, R5, R6, R7, and R8 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a methoxy group, an alkyl group, or another group;
  • R2', R3', R4', R5', and R6' are each independently a hydrogen atom. , hydroxy, methoxy, thiol, or other group;
  • the fluorenyl group includes a one to six carbon alkyl group, but is not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, hexyl and the like.
  • Both R7 and R4' are hydroxyl groups; other substituents are hydrogen atoms.
  • the flavonoids referred to in the present invention include natural or artificially synthesized compounds having a flavonoid structure or analogs thereof, which are extracted from various plants. Flavonoids include, but are not limited to, phenols, polyphenols, ketones, flavonoids, isoflavones, steroids, alcohols, glycosides, tea ketones, and the like. The present invention provides specific application examples of specific flavonoids, but is not limited thereto, and is obvious to those who have a little knowledge of the industry. One or a combination of a plurality of flavonoids may be used, or a flavonoid may be used in combination with other kinds of drugs.
  • the present inventors have also discovered that sometimes a combination of multiple flavonoids will work better.
  • the flavonoid can be dissolved in water, an organic solvent, a fat-soluble solvent, a solubilizing agent, and various pharmaceutically acceptable fillers, such as tablets, pills, capsules (including sustained release or delayed).
  • Formulations such as injections and various sustained release dosage forms are suitable for various administration forms, such as oral, inhalation, parenteral injection, mucosa, muscle, intravenous, subcutaneous, intraocular, intradermal, intravaginal or transdermal.
  • administration forms such as oral, inhalation, parenteral injection, mucosa, muscle, intravenous, subcutaneous, intraocular, intradermal, intravaginal or transdermal.
  • the carrier, excipient, diluent, solubilizing agent and the like should be pharmaceutically acceptable and compatible with the active ingredient.
  • the substance provided by the present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the existing drugs, and can inhibit cell synthesis and release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine from the source, and these substances can not only inhibit the production and release of leukocyte inflammatory factors caused by microorganisms or chemical stimuli, Moreover, it can promote the production of white blood cells and release anti-inflammatory factors to promote the regression of inflammation.
  • the present inventors have also discovered that not only living microorganisms but also killed microorganisms can stimulate leukocytes to produce and release histamine and leukotrienes, and even produce and release more leukotrienes. Therefore, only microorganism-killing drugs (such as antibiotics, etc.) cannot eliminate the symptoms caused by the inflammatory mediators released by the microbes to stimulate white blood cells.
  • microorganism-killing drugs such as antibiotics, etc.
  • the flavonoids provided by the present invention inhibit the production and release of inflammatory mediators caused by live and dead microbes.
  • flavonoids can cure or alleviate diseases or symptoms caused by microorganisms or chemical stimuli.
  • the strains used in the present invention and the research institute include Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and the strains include 8325, C0L, and Ne-painted; the dead Staphylococcus aureus is a living Staphylococcus aureus. It is obtained by heating in a constant temperature water bath of 30 degrees Celsius. This method can kill all live Staphylococcus aureus. Gram-negative bacteria of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, strains including PA01.
  • the chemical irritant used in the present invention is Digi tonin, which is a nonionic surfactant.
  • Human neutrophils are isolated from normal human blood with a purity of 95% or more; mouse leukocytes (all white blood cells, of which neutrophils account for about 80%) are extracted from mouse bone marrow; mouse mast cells are from mice. Obtained in bone marrow culture, cultured in IL3 medium for 6-8 weeks, with a purity of 95% or more. The mice used were C57B/6 lines 8 to 10 weeks old. The flavonoids used were purchased from Sigma. Patches used in the mouse patch test were purchased from Allerderm. The measurement of the inflammatory mediator is carried out according to the instructions provided with the kit.
  • the released medium refers to a medium released to the outside of the cell (such as histamine, leukotriene, prostaglandin, etc.), which is obtained by measuring the supernatant obtained by centrifuging the cells, and the total medium refers to remaining in the cells.
  • the released medium plus the medium that has been released into the cell, the medium in the cell is obtained by pulsing the cells with ultrasound and measuring. Generally, only media released to the outside of the cell can exert biological effects.
  • Figure 1 is a control diagram of Staphylococcus aureus stimulating human neutrophil synthesis and release of histamine;
  • Figure 2 is a control comparison diagram of Staphylococcus aureus to stimulate human neutrophil synthesis and release of leukotriene B4;
  • Figure 3 is a flavonoid inhibiting human neutrophil synthesis and release of histamine caused by live or dead Staphylococcus aureus stimulation Experimental comparison chart;
  • Figure 4 is a comparison chart of flavonoids inhibiting human neutrophil synthesis and releasing leukotriene B4 by S. aureus stimulation;
  • Figure 5 is a graphical comparison of flavonoids to increase the synthesis and release of anti-inflammatory factor prostaglandin E2 after infection of human neutrophils by Staphylococcus aureus;
  • Figure 6 is a comparison chart of flavonoid quercetin inhibiting leukocyte synthesis and release of histamine in mice induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa;
  • Figure 7 is a graphical comparison of the effects of flavonoid quercetin on the pruritus behavior of mice caused by S. aureus infection in a mouse skin patch test;
  • Figure 8 is a mouse skin patch test to test the effect of flavonoid quercetin on dermatitis reaction in mice caused by Staphylococcus aureus infection (histological observation) experimental comparison chart;
  • Figure 9 is a mouse skin patch test to test the mouse skin irritation response (histological observation) caused by the chemical irritant digitalis saponin;
  • Figure 10 is a comparison of flavonoids inhibiting chemical stimulation of foxglove saponin in mouse leukocyte synthesis and release of histamine;
  • Figure 11 is a comparison of flavonoids inhibiting the synthesis of leukocytes and release of leukotrienes in mice by stimulating the chemical stimulant.
  • Figure 12 is a comparison of flavonoids inhibiting the stimulation of chemical mast stimuli induced by foxglove saponin in mouse mast cells synthesis and release of histamine;
  • Figure 13 is a comparison of flavonoids inhibiting the stimulation of chemical mast stimuli induced by foxglenoids in mouse mast cells and releasing leukotrienes;
  • Figure 14 is a graphical comparison of the effects of flavonoids on the pruritus behavior of mice induced by the chemical irritant, digitonin, in a mouse skin patch test.
  • Staphylococcus aureus stimulates human neutrophil synthesis and release of histamine.
  • Different concentrations of live ( Figure 1A) or heat-killed ( Figure 1B) Staphylococcus aureus can stimulate human neutrophils (referred to as "HPMN", the same below) release of histamine (concentration refers to the number of cells and bacteria The ratio is simplified to "cell: bacteria”; the control group refers to the neutrophil group without bacteria, the same as the other legends below).
  • Some cells in the human body can release a small amount of histamine under normal physiological conditions. These small amounts of histamine can maintain the normal function of the human body, but a large amount of release causes damage to the body, including leukotrienes and prostaglandins. .
  • live Staphylococcus aureus can stimulate human neutrophils to release more than 22 times histamine, and dead bacteria can also stimulate human neutrophils to release more than 6 times histamine.
  • FIG. 3 shows that compared with the control group, the flavonoid-free Staphylococcus aureus group significantly stimulated the increase of human neutrophil production and release of histamine (compared with the control group, the newly synthesized histamine increased by 1.5. ⁇ The release of histamine increased by 65.6 times). Seven different kinds of flavonoids in different concentrations can inhibit the production and release of histamine from human neutrophils induced by Staphylococcus aureus, and the inhibition rate of flavonoids on histamine release from 12% compared with the flavonoid-free Staphylococcus aureus group.
  • the “inhibition rate” in this specification refers to the drug-treated group and the non-drug-positive control group.
  • the “carrier” in this experiment refers to a solvent for dissolving flavonoids, and an alcohol solution is used in this experiment, the same applies hereinafter.
  • the live 8325 strain was used in this experiment.
  • Figure 3B shows that different concentrations of quercetin inhibit human neutrophil synthesis and release of histamine caused by live or dead Staphylococcus aureus.
  • 100 M quercetin inhibits the release of up to 89% of histamine from human neutrophils caused by live Staphylococcus aureus.
  • Quercetin also inhibits the release of histamine from dead Staphylococcus aureus, and the quercetin inhibition rate of ⁇ is as high as 98%.
  • FIG 4 the live S. aureus strain 8325 was used in this experiment, and the ratio of cells to S. aureus was 1:100.
  • Figure 4A shows that the flavonoid-free S. aureus group significantly stimulated the production of human neutrophils and released leukotriene B4 compared with the control group (increased newly synthesized leukotriene B4 compared with the control group). ⁇ The leukotriene B4 was increased by 3.8 times).
  • Figure 4 ⁇ shows that compared with the control group, the Staphylococcus aureus group without quercetin can significantly increase the fineness of human granules, synthesize and release leukotriene ⁇ 4 (increased newly synthesized leukotriene ⁇ 4 compared with the control group) After 5.6 times, the release of leukotriene 4 increased by 21. 7 times).
  • Different concentrations of quercetin inhibit the production and release of leukotrienes from human neutrophils caused by live Staphylococcus aureus. The different concentrations of quercetin used in this experiment can inhibit the release of human neutrophils caused by Staphylococcus aureus 38. 36% to 68.
  • FIG. 5A shows that S. aureus infection without quercetin inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 (referred to as total prostaglandin E2, Figure 5A below) but releases prostaglandin E2 (Figure 5A above), but further Studies have found that these released prostaglandin E2 is due to the toxic damage of Staphylococcus aureus to cells, resulting in leakage of cellular contents. Released to the outside of the cell (see Figure 5B). Different concentrations of quercetin can promote the synthesis and release of prostaglandin E2 by neutrophils after infection.
  • Fig. 5 ⁇ shows the destruction damage of the cells by S. aureus, and the degree of damage is shown by the amount of lactate dehydrogenase released to the outside of the cell (as a percentage of the total amount).
  • the experimental results show that the scutellaria group without quercetin can cause more than 90% of lactate dehydrogenase to leak out of the cell.
  • quercetin has a protective effect on the damage of human neutrophils caused by Staphylococcus aureus, and ⁇ quercetin can inhibit more than 59% of lactate dehydrogenase from leaking out of the cell.
  • # ⁇ 0. 05, #### ⁇ 0. 0001 compared with the control group; * ⁇ 0. 05, ** ⁇ 0. 01, *** ⁇ 0. 001, ** ** ⁇ 0 ⁇ 0001, compared to the Staphylococcus aureus group without quercetin).
  • the inhibition rate of the newly synthesized histamine of leukocytes caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 61.81°/.
  • the inhibition rate of histamine release was 74.18. /. . (p ⁇ 0. 01, ft «flttp ⁇ 0. 0001, compared with the control group; **p ⁇ 0. 01, ****p ⁇ 0. 0001, with the green pus rod without quercetin Compared to the group).
  • mice used were C57B/6 germline (same as below), and 18 ⁇ l 1.
  • 5 ⁇ l09 cfu/ml of live Staphylococcus aureus 8325 was placed in a patch of 8 diameters, and then immediately attached to the skin of the depilated mouse ears. . After 24 hours, the patch was removed. At this time, the skin of the mice in the Staphylococcus aureus group was swollen and had a reaction such as exudate.
  • the test for the pruritus behavior of the mice was improved according to the previously reported method (Yasushi Kuraishi, et al. European Journal of Pharmacology 1995; 275: 229-233), after removing the patch, the experimental group used 1.25% ⁇ The dermatan suspension was applied, the control group was applied without any substance, and the other group was applied only with the carrier solution (the carrier of the experiment was an alcohol solution). The number of itching in the mice was then counted in 60 minutes. The results showed that the quercetin group significantly reduced the number of itching in mice by three-quarters (75%) (***p ⁇ 0.001).
  • the saponin group had a large amount of inflammatory cell infiltration, most of the cells were neutrophils and could see tissue hyperemia, edema and epidermal detachment. In response, the inflammatory response was diffuse (Fig. 9A), and the re-magnified panel in Fig. 9 shows that most of the infiltrated cells are neutrophils. Magnification: x200.
  • Experimental Example 10 Controlled experiments of flavonoids inhibiting the synthesis of leukocytes and the release of histamine in mouse leukocytes induced by the stimulation of the chemical irritant.
  • FIG. 10A shows that the flavonoid-free saponin group significantly stimulated leukocyte production and release of histamine (the newly synthesized histamine increased by 2.6 times compared with the control group, and the released histamine increased by 2. 5 times), and seven kinds of flavonoids at different concentrations can inhibit leukocyte production and release of histamine caused by digitonin.
  • the inhibition rate of flavonoids on histamine release compared with flavonoid-free digoxigenin group ranged from 19.57% (50 ⁇ baicalein group) to over 97% ( ⁇ phloretin group), but to the stimulation of digitonin
  • the inhibition rate of the newly synthesized histamine was 15.03 ° /. (50 ⁇ genistein group) to over 97% W 201
  • Experimental Example 11 Controlled experiment of flavonoid quercetin inhibiting the synthesis of leukocytes and release of leukotrienes in mouse leukocytes induced by chemical stimulant.
  • Quercetin inhibits the release of leukocytes up to 81.67% of leukotriene ⁇ 4 and up to 85.31% of the synthesis of new leukotriene ⁇ 4. (Ding ⁇ 0. 01, compared with the control group; ** ⁇ 0. 01, compared with the scutellarin group without quercetin).
  • Experimental Example 12 Controlled experiment of flavonoid quercetin inhibiting synthesis and release of histamine from mouse hypertrophic cells induced by chemical stimulant.
  • Experimental Example 13 Controlled experiment of flavonoid quercetin inhibiting synthesis and release of leukotrienes from mouse hypertrophic cells induced by chemical stimulant.
  • quercetin can inhibit the release of 10.3% ( ⁇ ) to 57.6% ( ⁇ ) of leukotriene ⁇ 4 caused by digitonin saponin, and Synthesis of new leukotriene 4 inhibiting mast cells from 25.52% ( ⁇ ) to 66.34% ( ⁇ ). (#%) ⁇ 0. 01 , turned ⁇ 0. 001, compared with the control group; * ⁇ 0. 05 , **p ⁇ 0. 01, compared with the scutellarin group without quercetin ).
  • mice used were C57BZ6 germline, 18 ⁇ l 1% of foxgnotin (dissolved in water) placed in a patch of 8 mega-diameter plaques, and then immediately attached to the skin of the depilated mouse ears, and the patch was removed after 24 hours. sheet. After removing the patch, the experimental group used (1) 1% quercetin, (2) 1% quercetin + 0.03% phloretin, or (3) 1% quercetin + 0.
  • the 01% cornflower suspension was applied, and the control group was only applied with a carrier (the carrier used in this experiment was a glycerin solution).
  • the number of itching in the mice was counted within 20 minutes after five minutes of application.
  • the results showed that the three treatment groups can reduce the number of itching in mice, but 1% quercetin + 0.01% cornflower suspension smear group can significantly reduce the number of itching in mice (a reduction of 72%) ( * ⁇ 0.05, compared with the control group).

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Abstract

本发明公开了类黄酮在制备抑制白细胞炎症介质的合成及释放的药物中的应用,从源头上抑制微生物或化学刺激物导致的致炎因子的产生和释放,并促进白细胞产生和释放消炎因子以促进炎症的消退。

Description

类黄酮在制药中的应用
技术领域
本发明涉及类黄酮的用途, 尤其涉及在制药领域中的用途, 具体涉及类黄酮 在抑制微生物或化学刺激物导致的白细胞炎症介质的合成和释放的应用, 并促进 白细胞产生和释放消炎因子以促进炎症的消退的应用。
背景技术
本发明人经过数年长期研究并首次在世界上发现支原体感染能刺激中性粒细 胞合成和释放大量组织胺, 这些组织胺在支原体引起的肺部感染和炎症反应中发 挥重要作用(许翔等, Journal of Experimental Medicine 2006 ; 203 : 2907 - 2917 )。 在之后的研究中发现包括绿脓杆菌在内的很多微生物感染也能刺激中性粒细胞合 成产生和释放大量组织胺及其它一些炎症介质 (许翔等, Journal of Leukocyte Biology 2012 ; 91 : 275-284)。 这些炎症介质能引起瘙痒、 红、 肿、 热、 痛、 血管 通透性增高、 平滑肌痉挛等机体各种反应。 这个发现与肥大细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞 作为体内主要组织胺来源的传统观念有很大不同。 肥大细胞是人体内最主要的组 织胺生产和储存细胞, 少量存在于嗜碱性粒细胞里。 肥大细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞在 正常体内可以产生和储存组织胺但不等于在疾病状态下能释放它从而导致疾病。 相反, 本发明人过去的研究发现一些微生物感染后不但不能刺激肥大细胞产生或 释放更多的组织胺、 白三烯 B4和 C4和前列腺素 D2甚至还会抑制肥大细胞释放组 织胺 (许翔等, Journal of Leukocyte Biology 2012 ; 91 : 275-284 ) 0 炎症反应 是人和动物应对外来病原体的自然反应, 对于保持人和动物在自然界的生存至关 重要。 但过度的炎症反应会产生炎症因子风暴, 从而对机体造成伤香, 甚至致命, 例如败血症引起的中毒性休克等 ( Ira Tabas, et al. Science 2013 ; 339 : 166-172 )。 另一方面, 现代研究发现在炎症反应中除了致炎因子外还有象前 列腺素 E2和 IL10等消炎因子 (Pro-Resolving mediators ) 的产生, 这些消炎因 子能帮助机体从炎症反应中恢复过来 (Bruce D. Levy, et al. Nature I薩 unology 2001 ; 2 : 612-619 ; Ira Tabas, et al. Science 2013 ; 339 : 166- 172)。 以前的研 究也发现, 吸入前列腺素 E2能调节或抑制过敏或非过敏性因子引起的呼吸道痉挛 禾口炎症反应 (Walter G. Smith, et al. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 1996 ; 154 : 295-299 )。 由于在感染引起的疾病中的主要 浸润细胞是中性粒细胞而且中性粒细胞是人血液中占绝大多数的白细胞 (约占白 细胞总数的 50- 70%左右),微生物感染刺激中性粒细胞产生和释放组织,按及其它一 些炎症介质的这一发现意义重大, 从而促使本发明人努力寻找能够抑制微生物导 致的中性粒细胞产生和释放组织胺和其它炎症介质的药物。
化学刺激物(Irritant )导致的刺激反应(Irritation) 已被研究了数十年, 至今它的发病机理尚未被完全阐明。 本发明人在过去长期研究微生物的过程中发 现很多化学物质包括表面活性剂、 有些有机溶剂和人工合成的小分子等也能刺激 中性粒细胞和肥大细胞产生和释放大量组织胺、 白三烯和前列腺素等炎症介质。 这其中包括很多用于我们日常生活中的化学物质, 如很多表面活性剂。 这些表面 活性剂被大量应用于化妆品、 药品、 食品、 洗涤用品、 印染工业、 印刷工业、 杀 虫剂等诸多领域。 而且随着科技的进步, 每天都有人工合成的新化学物质面世, 很多新化学物质在与人体接触后会引起刺激和炎症反应。 本发明人的研究发现这 些化学物质能刺激中性粒细胞合成并释放大量组织胺和其它炎症介质并释放肥大 细胞的组织胺和刺激肥大细胞产生其它新的炎症介质。 动物实验发现化学物质导 致的刺激反应的主要的浸润细胞是中性粒细胞, 而肥大细胞是结缔组织的正常组 成成份之一。 这个新的发现促使本发明人竭力寻找能够抑制这些细胞释放组织胺 及其它炎症介质的药物以便治疗由接触这些化学物质引起的疾病。
理想的治疗药物是一种药物能同时抑制数种炎症介质的释放, 激素类药物被 用于多种疾病中。 虽然激素类药物被广泛用于各种疾病的治疗中, 但它的并发症 和副作用是显而易见的, 而且一般情况下禁止使用激素类药物在由微生物感染引 起的疾病当中, 因为激素类药物能降低机体免疫细胞活性而不利于机体感染的控 制甚至伴发其它新的感染。 目前有很多针对某个特定的炎症介质的药物, 例如抗 组胺药、 抗白三烯药等, 但缺点是这些药物只针对某一种炎症介质且副作用很明 显。 例如那些抗组胺药, 传统的抗组胺药物主要是一些组胺受体拮抗剂, 多数抗 组织胺的药常常引起嗜睡、 抑郁、 头痛、 口干、 心脏毒性、 便秘、 排尿困难、 视 力模糊等副作用。 这些副作用在老人和一些对这些药物敏感的个体中尤其明显。 尽管很多研究试图去减少这些药物的副作用, 也开发出较少镇静作用的抗组胺药, 但对某些个体仍有很大的风险。 另一方面, 如果能从源头上抑制白细胞炎症介质 的产生和释放将会更加有效且副作用很小, 因为从源头上抑制炎症介质的产生和 释放而不是通过阻断受体的方法会减少因为阻断受体而产生的副作用。 因此, 寻 求新的天然高效低毒的炎症介质抑制药物便成为新药领域的热点。
黄酮类化合物 (Flavonoids, 简称类黄酮)广泛分布于植物界, 目前己发现 了 4000多种, 以苷或游离态等形式在自然界存在。 类黄酮为多酚结构化合物, 常 常泛指具有酚羟基的苯环 (A-与 B-环) 通过中央三碳原子相互连接而成的一系列 化合物, 其基本母核为 2-苯基色原酮(参见式一)。 黄酮类化合物结构中常连接有 酚羟基、 甲基、 甲氧基、 异戊烯基等官能团。 根据不同结构类黄酮又分为多种亚 类, 例如黄酮醇 (flavonols, 包括槲皮素 (quercetin)、 山柰酚 (Kaempf erol ), 等); 黄酮 (Flavones, 包括黄芩素 (baicalein)、 芹菜素 (apigenin), 等); 黄 烷酮 (flavanones, 包括柚皮素 (naringenin) 等); 黄烷- 3 醇 (f lavan- 3- ols, 包括儿茶素 (catechins ) 等); 茶尔酮 (chalcones , 包括根皮素 (phloretin ) 等);花色素(anthocyanidins,包括矢车菊(cyanidin)等);异黄酮( isoflavones, 包括染料木黄酮(genistein)等);茶黄素(theaflavins,包括茶黄素(theaflavin) 等); 等。 这些类黄酮具有多种多样的生理作用和生物活性, 例如具有抗菌、 抗病 毒、 抗氧化、 抗癌、 抗过敏、 抗自由基、 抗炎等生物活性和药理作用。 类黄酮因 其具有的多种活性及其无毒无害的安全性而在药品、 食品及化妆品中有广泛的应 用前景。 例如一些黄酮类物质能被用于护肤品或药品中, 具有抗衰老、 抗皱、 抗 菌、 抗病毒等功效 (参见 PCT/CN2004/000136, PCT/CN2009/000994, US5665367, CN183
Figure imgf000004_0001
槲皮素或其它一些类黄酮在以往的研究中曾被发现能够抑制依赖 IgE通道或 离子载体导致的肥大细胞组织胺的释放, 和抑制离子载体导致的中性粒细胞产生 和释放白三烯等炎症介质 (Elliott Middleton, Jr. , et al. Ph&rmacological Reviews 2000 ; 52 : 673-751 )。 并且槲皮素被发现在抑制 IgE/抗 IgE或神经肽 P物 质导致的人肥大细胞释放组织胺或其它炎症介质的效果上要好于肥大细胞稳定剂 色甘酸钠 (Cromolyn), 可减轻由接触致敏因子导致的皮肤过敏反应或用于皮肤的 光敏性反应 (Zuyi Weng, et al. Plos One 2012 ; 7 (3): e33805 ) o 但在本发明 领域尚未有人报导用类黄酮类物质抑制微生物或化学刺激物导致的白细胞组织胺 等炎症介质的合成和释放, 而且本发明人的研究发现一些微生物并不能刺激肥大 细胞释放组织胺及产生和释放白三烯和前列腺素等炎症介质。 例如, 绿脓杆菌不 但不能刺激人肥大细胞释放组织胺相反还抑制人肥大细胞释放组织胺, 而且也不 能刺激人肥大细胞产生更多的白三烯 B4、 C4和前列腺素 D2等炎症介质 (许翔等, Journal of Leukocyte Biology 2012 ; 91 : 275 - 284)。 而离子载体等物质则只作 实验室研究用于激活一些细胞, 不用于人们的日常生活当中。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现有的障碍, 提供了一种类黄酮的新用途。 本发明的目的通过以下技术方案来具体实现:
类黄酮在制备抑制白细胞炎症介质的合成及释放并促进白细胞产生和释放消 炎因子的药物中的应用, 具体为, 类黄酮在制备抑制由微生物感染或接触化学刺 激物导致白细胞炎症介质的合成及释放的药物中的应用。
从源头上抑制微生物或化学刺激物导致的致炎因子的产生和释放, 并促进白 细胞产生和释放消炎因子以促进炎症的消退。
最主要的, 类黄酮在制备抑制由微生物感染或接触化学刺激物导致中性粒细 胞或肥大细胞合成及释放组织胺或白三烯的药物中的应用。
所述药物可应用于皮肤、 五官、 口腔、 呼吸系统、 消化系统、 泌尿生殖系统、 血液系统、 神经系统、 内分泌系统、 肌肉和骨关节等系统。
所述微生物包括活的和死亡的微生物, 包括细菌、 放线菌、 病毒、 真菌、 支 原体、 衣原体、 立克次体、 螺旋体、 寄生虫。 所述细菌包括但不限于金黄色葡萄 球菌、 表皮葡萄球菌、 溶血链球菌、 化脓性链球菌、 肺炎链球菌、 肺炎球菌、 脑 膜炎球菌、 流感嗜血杆菌、 结核杆菌、 绿脓杆菌、 大肠埃希菌、 奇异变形杆菌、 粪肠球菌、 克雷伯氏菌、 伤寒沙门菌、 霍乱弧菌、 痢疾杆菌、 幽门螺旋菌、 李斯 特菌、 肉毒杆菌、 淋球菌、 布氏杆菌、 鼠疫杆菌、 炭疽杆菌、 溶血弧菌。
所述化学刺激物为所有能引起机体刺激反应的化学物质, 包括但不限于一些 表面活性剂、 有机溶剂和其它天然或人工合成的化学物质。
所述类黄酮类化合物包括从各种植物中提取的天然或人工合成的具有黄酮结 构的化合物或其类似物。 优选但不限于黄芩素、 山奈酚、 儿茶素、 矢车菊、 柚皮 素、 根皮素、 染料木黄酮或槲皮素中的一种或多种组合, 应用时, 其总浓度优选 为 0. ΟΟΟΐμΜ- 1M, 更优选 0. ΙμΜ-ΙΟπΜ, 以 ΐμΜ - ΙΟΟΟμΜ为最优。
上述的应用, 将类黄酮溶于水、 有机溶剂、 脂溶性溶剂、 添加增溶剂或药学 上可以接受的填充剂做成单位剂量形式, 包括但不限于片剂、 丸剂、 胶囊、 喷雾 剂、 气雾剂、 贴片剂、 软膏、 凝胶剂、 贴剂、 膜剂、 栓剂、 粉剂、 混悬剂、 颗粒 剂、 酊剂、 糖浆剂、 乳液剂、 悬浮液、 注射剂的剂型以及各种缓释剂型。
所述药物的给药形式, 包括口服、 吸入、 非肠道注射、 粘膜、 肌肉、 静脉内、 皮下、 眼内、 皮内、 阴道内或皮肤等, 其载体、 赋形剂、 稀释剂、 增溶剂是药学 上可接受的并与活性成分相容。
进一步的,
类黄酮在制备抑制活的或死的金葡菌刺激导致的中性粒细胞合成及释放组织 胺或白三烯的药物中的应用。
类黄酮在制备增加金葡菌感染中性粒细胞后合成和释放消炎因子前列腺素 Ε2的药物中的应用。
类黄酮在制备抑制绿脓杆菌导致白细胞合成及释放组织胺的药物中的应用。 类黄酮在制备抑制毛地黄皂甙剌激白细胞合成和释放组织胺或白三烯的药物 中的应用。
类黃酮在制备抑制毛地黄皂甙刺激肥大细胞合成及释放组织胺或白三烯的药 物中的应用。
上述应用中, 所述类黄酮优选黄芩素、 山奈酚、 儿茶素、 矢车菊、 柚皮素、 根皮素、 染料木黄酮或槲皮素中的一种或多种, 其浓度为 Ο. ΟΟΟ μΜ- 1Μ, 优选 0. ΐμΜ-lOmM, 更优选 ΐμΜ- 1000μΜ。
类黄酮在制备治疗金葡菌感染导致搔痒、红肿热痛的炎症反应药物中的应用。 所述类黄酮优选槲皮素, 将其制为槲皮素酒精溶液涂抹于病患处, 浓度为 0. 0001wt%-50wt%, 优选 0. 005wt%- 10wt%, 更优选 0. 01wt%- 5wt%。
类黄酮在制备治疗化学刺激物导致搔痒、 红肿热痛炎症反应药物中的应用。 所述类黄酮优选槲皮素、 根皮素、 矢车菊中的一种或多种的组合, 总浓度为 0. 0001wt%-50wt%, 优选 0. 005wt%-10wt%, 更优选 0. 01wt%-5 t
上述应用中, 所述类黄酮以甘油溶剂为载体制成混悬液涂抹于患处, 其中的 类黄酮选用 lwt%槲皮素或者 1 wt %的槲皮素与 0. 03 wt %根皮素的组合或者 1 % 槲皮素与 0. 01 wt %矢车菊的组合, 优选 1 wt %槲皮素与 0. 01 wt %矢车菊的组合。 本发明所用类黄酮具有下列核心分子结构:
黄酮醇类 (Flavonols)
Figure imgf000007_0001
R3'为氢原子、 羟基、 甲氧基、 垸基、 或其它基团;
R5'为氢原子、 羟基、 甲氧基、 烷基、 或其它基团;
烷基包括一到六碳的烷基, 但不限于甲基、 乙基、 丙基、 异丙基、 丁基、 仲 丁基、 叔丁基、 戊基、 异戊基、 己基等。
举例但不限于:
异鼠李素 ( Isorhamnetin): R3'为甲氧基, R5'为氢原子。
山奈酚 (Kaempferol ): R3'为氢原子, R5'为氢原子。
槲皮素 (Quercetin): R3'为羟基, R5'为氢原子。
杨梅素 (Myricetin): R3'为羟基, R5'为羟基。
黄酮类 (Flavones)
Figure imgf000007_0002
R3, R5, R6, R7, R8均独立的为氢原子、 甲氧基、 烷基、 或其它基团;
R2 ' , R3', R4', R5', R6'均独立的为氢原子、 羟基、 甲氧基、 烷基、 或其它 基团;
烷基包括一到六碳的烷基, 但不限于甲基、 乙基、 丙基、 异丙基、 丁基、 仲 丁基、 叔丁基、 戊基、 异戊基、 己基等。
举例但不限于:
芹菜素 (Apigenin) : R5, R7和 R4'均为羟基, 其它取代基为氢原子。
木犀草素 (Luteolin) : R5, R7, R3'和 R4'均为羟基, 其它取代基为氢原子。 黄苓素 (Baicalein) : R5, R6和 R7均为羟基, 其它取代基为氢原子。
黄烷酮类(Flavanones)
Figure imgf000008_0001
R3, R6, R8, R2', R3', R4', R5'和 R6'均独立的为氢原子、 羟基、 甲氧基、 烷 基、 或其它基团;
烷基包括一到六碳的垸基, 但不限于甲基、 乙基、 丙基、 异丙基、 丁基、 仲 丁基、 叔丁基、 戊基、 异戊基、 己基等。
举例但不限于:
圣草酚(Eriodictyol) : R3'和 R4'均为羟基, 其它取代基为氢原子。
橙皮素 (Hesperetiri) : R4'为甲氧基, R3'为羟基, 其它取代基为氢原子。 柚皮素 (Naringenin) : R4'为羟基, 其它取代基为氢原子。
黄垸- 3-醇类 (Flavon- 3- ols)
Figure imgf000008_0002
R5'为羟基、 氢原子或其它基团;
R2为羟基、 氢原子、 没食子酸根 (gallate)、 或其它基团;
R3为羟基、 氢原子、 没食子酸根、 或其它基团。
举例但不限于:
儿茶素 [ (+) - catechin] : R3为羟基, R2和 R5'为氢原子。
绿茶茶多酚 [ (-) -epigallocatechin-3-gallate, EGCG]: R5'为羟基, R2为 没食子酸根, R3为氢原子。
茶尔酮类(Chalcones)
Figure imgf000008_0003
R2, R3, R4, R5 , R6均独立的为氢原子、 羟基、 甲氧基、 垸基、 或其它基团; R2', R3', R4', R5', R6'均独立的为氢原子、 羟基 甲氧基、 垸基、 或其它基 团;
垸基包括一到六碳的烷基, 但不限于甲基、 乙基 丙基、 异丙基、 丁基、 仲 丁基、 叔丁基、 戊基、 异戊基、 己基等。
举例但不限于:
2 -羟基查尔酮(2- Hydroxychalcone): R2为羟基; 其它取代基为氢原子。 根皮素 (Phloretin): C α与 C β之间为碳碳单键 R2', R4', R6'¾ R4均为羟 基, 其它取代基为氢原子。
ns)
Figure imgf000009_0001
R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 , R8均独立的为氢原子、 羟基、 甲氧基、 烷基、 或其它 基团;
R2', R3', R4', R5', R6'均独立的为氢原子、 羟基、 甲氧基、 烷基、 或其它基 团;
烷基包括一到六碳的烷基, 但不限于甲基、 乙基、 丙基、 异丙基、 丁基、 仲 丁基、 叔丁基、 戊基、 异戊基、 己基等。
举例但不限于:
天竺葵色素 (Pelargonidin): ) : R3, R5, R7和 R4'为羟基; 其它取代基为 氢原子。
锦葵花素 (Malvidin) : R3'和 R5'为甲氧基; R3, R5, R7和 R4'为羟基; 其它 取代基为氢原子。
矢车菊 (Cyanidin) : ) : R3, R5, R7, R3'和 R4'为羟基; 其它取代基为氢原 子。
异黄酮类 (Isoflavones )
Figure imgf000010_0001
R2, R5, R6, R7, R8均独立的为氢原子、 羟基、 甲氧基、 烷基、 或其它基团; R2', R3', R4', R5', R6'均独立的为氢原子、 羟基、 甲氧基、 垸基、 或其它基 团;
垸基包括一到六碳的烷基, 但不限于甲基、 乙基、 丙基、 异丙基、 丁基、 仲 丁基、 叔丁基、 戊基、 异戊基、 己基等。
举例但不限于:
黄豆苷元 (Daidzein) : R7和 R4'均为羟基; 其它取代基为氢原子。
染料木黄酮(Genistein): R5, R7和 R4'均为羟基; 其它取代基为氢原子。 本发明所指类黄酮包括从各种植物中提取的天然或人工合成的具有黄酮结构 的化合物或其类似物。 黄酮包括但不限于酚类、 多酚类、 酮类、 黄酮类、 异黄酮 类、 素类、 醇类、 苷类、 茶尔酮类等。 本发明给出了一些具体的类黄酮类化合物 具体应用实例, 但不受此限制, 因对稍具有本行业知识的人来说都是显而易见的。 可以用一种或将多种类黄酮类物质组合使用, 或将类黄酮与其它种类药物组合使 用。 本发明还发现有时多种类黄酮组合使用效果会更好。 可以将类黄酮溶于水、 有机溶剂、 脂溶性溶剂、 添加增溶剂和药学上可以接受的各种填充剂等做成各种 单位剂量形式, 如片剂、 丸剂、胶囊(包括持续释放或延迟释放等形式)、 喷雾剂、 气雾剂、 贴片剂、 软膏、 凝胶剂、 贴剂、 膜剂、 栓剂、 粉剂、 混悬剂、 颗粒剂、 酊剂、 糖浆剂、 乳液剂、 悬浮液、 注射剂等剂型以及各种缓释剂型, 从而适合各 种给药形式, 例如口服、 吸入、 非肠道注射、 粘膜、 肌肉、 静脉内、 皮下、 眼内、 皮内、 阴道内或经过皮肤等的给药形式。 其中载体、 赋形剂、 稀释剂、 增溶剂等 应是药学上可接受的并与活性成分相容。 需要特别指出的是, 尽管在本发明的具 体实施方式中给出了一定的给药剂量和剂型, 但是本发明所涵盖的剂量和剂型并 不受此限制, 因为临床具体应用过程中患者具有不同的状况, 因此给药的剂量和 给药形式也会发生变化, 选择合适的剂量和剂型是临床医师的能力范围内的。
本发明的目的是提供可以抑制微生物或化学刺激物质导致的白细胞合成和释 放组织胺等炎症介质的类黄酮类物质并将其应用于由微生物或接触化学刺激物引 起的疾病当中。 本发明提供的物质克服了目前已有药物的缺点, 可以从源头上抑 制细胞合成和释放组织胺等炎症介质, 这些物质不仅能抑制微生物或化学刺激物 导致的白细胞致炎因子的产生和释放, 而且能促进白细胞产生和释放消炎因子以 促进炎症的消退。
本发明研究还发现不仅活的微生物而且被杀死的微生物也能刺激白细胞产生 和释放组织胺和白三烯, 甚至产生和释放更多的白三烯。 因此仅用杀灭微生物的 药物(如抗生素等) 不能消除由微生物剌激白细胞释放的炎症介质所导致的症状。 本发明提供的类黄酮类物质能抑制活的和死亡的微生物剌激所导致的炎症介质的 产生和释放。
由微生物或化学刺激物引起的疾病当中, 类黄酮能治愈或减轻由微生物或化 学刺激物导致的疾病或症状。
为了便于理解, 以下将通过具体的研究结果和实施例对本发明进行描述。 需 要特别指出的是, 这些描述仅仅是示例性的描述, 并不构成对本发明范围的限制。 利用本发明实施例所述的方法, 也可以获得本发明其他的技术方案。 依据本说明 书的论述, 本发明的许多变化、 改变对所属领域技术人员来说都是显而易见了。
本发明和研究所用菌种包括革兰氏阳性菌的金黄色葡萄球菌 (简称金葡菌), 菌株包括 8325、 C0L和 Ne画 an; 死的金葡菌为将活的金葡菌放于 65摄氏度的恒温 水浴箱内加热 30分钟获得, 此法能将所有活的金葡菌杀死。 革兰氏阴性菌的绿脓 杆菌, 菌株包括 PA01。 本发明所用的化学刺激物是毛地黄皂甙 (Digi tonin ), 属 于非离子表面活性剂。 人中性粒细胞从正常人血液中分离, 纯度高达 95%或以上; 小鼠白细胞(为全白细胞, 其中中性粒细胞占 80%左右)从小鼠骨髓里提取; 小鼠 肥大细胞为从小鼠骨髓培养中获取, 在加 IL3的培养基中培养 6- 8周, 纯度达 95% 或以上。 所用小鼠为 8到 10周大的 C57B/6种系。 所用类黄酮购自 Sigma公司。 小鼠斑贴试验所用斑贴片购自 Allerderm公司。 炎症介质的测量根据试剂盒提供 的说明书进行。 释放的介质指的是释放到细胞外的介质 (如组织胺、 白三烯、 前 列腺素等), 由将细胞离心沉淀后获取上清液进行测量获得; 总介质指的是残留在 细胞内尚未释放的介质加上已释放到细胞外的介质, 细胞内的介质为将细胞用超 声打碎然后测量获得。 一般只有释放到细胞外的介质才能发挥生物效能作用。 附图说明
附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解, 并且构成说明书的一部分, 与本发明 的实施例一起用于解释本发明, 并不构成对本发明的限制。 在附图中: 图 1是金葡菌刺激人中性粒细胞合成和释放组织胺实验对照图;
图 2是金葡菌刺激人中性粒细胞合成和释放白三烯 B4实验对照图; 图 3是类黄酮抑制活的或死的金葡菌刺激导致的人中性粒细胞合成和释放组 织胺实验对照图;
图 4是类黄酮抑制金葡菌刺激导致的人中性粒细胞合成和释放白三烯 B4实验 对照图;
图 5是类黄酮增加金葡菌感染人中性粒细胞后合成和释放消炎因子前列腺素 E2实验对照图;
图 6是类黄酮槲皮素抑制绿脓杆菌导致的小鼠白细胞合成和释放组织胺实验 对照图;
图 7是小鼠皮肤斑贴试验测试类黄酮槲皮素对金葡菌感染导致的小鼠搔痒行 为的影响实验对照图;
图 8是小鼠皮肤斑贴试验测试类黄酮槲皮素对金葡菌感染导致的小鼠皮肤炎 症反应的影响 (组织学观察) 实验对照图;
图 9是小鼠皮肤斑贴试验测试化学刺激物毛地黄皂甙导致的小鼠皮肤刺激反 应 (组织学观察) 实验对照图;
图 10 是类黄酮抑制化学刺激物毛地黄皂甙刺激导致的小鼠白细胞合成和释 放组织胺实验对照图;
图 11 是类黄酮抑制化学刺激物毛地黄皂甙刺激导致的小鼠白细胞合成和释 放白三烯实验对照图;
图 12 是类黄酮抑制化学刺激物毛地黄皂甙刺激导致的小鼠肥大细胞合成和 释放组织胺实验对照图;
图 13 是类黄酮抑制化学刺激物毛地黄皂甙刺激导致的小鼠肥大细胞合成和 释放白三烯实验对照图;
图 14 是小鼠皮肤斑贴试验测试类黄酮对化学刺激物毛地黄皂甙导致的小鼠 搔痒行为的影响实验对照图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行说明, 应当理解, 此处所描述的优 选实施例仅用于说明和解释本发明, 并不用于限定本发明。 实验例 1 : 金葡菌刺激人中性粒细胞合成和释放组织胺的对照实验
参见图 1, 金葡菌刺激人中性粒细胞合成和释放组织胺。 不同浓度活的 (图 1A)或加热杀死的(图 1B )金葡菌都能刺激人中性粒细胞(简称 "HPMN", 以下同) 释放组织胺 (浓度指的是细胞数与细菌数的比, 简化为 "细胞: 菌"; 对照组指的 是不加细菌的中性粒细胞组, 以下其它图例相同)。 本实验采用以前报道的方法加 以改进 (许翔等, Journal of Leukocyte Biology 2012 ; 91 : 275-284), 以下同。 对照组细胞本身能产生和释放少量的组织胺。 人体内一些细胞在正常生理状态下 能释放少量组织胺, 这些少量释放的组织胺能维护人体正常机能, 但大量释放则 造成对机体的损害, 这也包括白三烯和前列腺素等介质在内。 与对照组相比活的 金葡菌能刺激人中性粒细胞释放超过 22倍的组织胺, 死的细菌也能刺激人中性粒 细胞释放超过 6倍的组织胺。 活的 8325菌株在高浓度下 (细胞: 菌 =1 : 100 ) 也 能刺激人中性粒细胞增加合成新的组织胺。 ( *p<0. 05, **p〈0. 01, ***p<0. 001 , 与对照组相比)。
实验例 2: 金葡菌刺激人中性粒细胞合成和释放白三烯 B4对照实验 参见图 2, 本实验用的是 8325菌株。 不同浓度活的或加热杀死的金葡菌都能 刺激人中性粒细胞产生和释放白三烯 B4。 对照组细胞本身也能产生和释放极少量 的白三烯 B4。 而死的金葡菌能刺激人中性粒细胞合成和释放更多的白三烯 B4。 与 对照组相比, 高浓度 (细胞: 菌 =1 : 100 ) 死的金葡菌能刺激细胞新合成超过 63 倍的白三烯 B4和释放超过 84倍的白三烯 B4。 (**p<0. 01, ****p<0. 0001 , 与对照 组相比)。
实验例 3 : 类黄酮抑制活的或死的金葡菌刺激导致的人中性粒细胞合成和释 放组织胺对照实验
参见图 3 , 本实验用的是 8325菌株, 细胞与金葡菌比例为 1 : 100。 图 3A, 显示与对照组相比, 不加类黄酮的金葡菌组能显著刺激增加人中性粒细胞产生和 释放组织胺 (与对照组相比, 新合成的组织胺增加了 1. 5 倍, 释放的组织胺增加 了 65. 6倍)。 而不同浓度七种类黄酮类物质能抑制金葡菌刺激导致的人中性粒细 胞产生和释放组织胺, 与不加类黄酮的金葡菌组相比类黄酮对组织胺释放的抑制 率从 12. 6% ( 25μΜ 柚皮素组) 到超过 75% ( 50μΜ 染料木黄酮组), 而对金葡菌刺 激细胞新合成产生的组织胺的抑制率从 24. 3% ( 10μΜ柚皮素组) 到 45% ( 10μΜ染 料木黄酮组)。 本说明书 "抑制率"指的是加药治疗组与不加药物的阳性对照组相 比炎症介质合成或释放减少的百分比, 以下同。 本实验 "载体"指的是用于溶解 类黄酮的溶剂, 本实验用的是酒精溶液, 以下同。 本实验用的是活的 8325菌株。 图 3B, 显示不同浓度槲皮素抑制活的或死的金葡菌导致的人中性粒细胞合成和释 放组织胺。 100 M槲皮素能抑制活的金葡菌导致的人中性粒细胞高达 89%组织胺的 释放。槲皮素也能抑制死的金葡菌导致的细胞组织胺的释放, Ι ΟΟμΜ的槲皮素抑制 率高达 98%。 ( #ρ<0. 05, UmUp<0. 0001 , 与对照组相比; *ρ<0. 05, **ρ〈0. 01, ***ρ<0. 001 , 与不加类黄酮的活的金葡菌组相比; ocp<0. 05, 与不加类黄酮的死的 金葡菌组相比)。
实验例 4 : 类黄酮抑制金葡菌刺激导致的人中性粒细胞合成和释放白三烯 B4 对照实验
参见图 4,本实验用的是活的金葡菌 8325菌株,细胞与金葡菌比例为 1 : 100。 图 4A, 显示与对照组相比, 不加类黄酮的金葡菌组能显著刺激增加人中性粒细胞 产生和释放白三烯 B4 (与对照组相比, 新合成的白三烯 B4增加了 6. 4倍, 释放的 白三烯 B4增加了 3. 8倍)。 而不同浓度的七种类黄酮类物质能抑制金葡菌刺激导 致的人中性粒细胞产生和释放白三烯 B4 , 与不加类黄酮的金葡菌组相比加类黄酮 组对白三烯 B4释放的最大抑制率超过 61% ( 25μΜ染料木黄酮组), 对金葡菌刺 激细胞新合成产生的白三烯 Β4的最大抑制率超过 68% ( 25ΜΜ根皮素组)。 图 4Β, 显示与对照组相比, 不加槲皮素的金葡菌组能显著增加人 性粒细,泡合成和释放 白三烯 Β4 (与对照组相比, 新合成的白三烯 Β4增加了 5. 6倍, 释放的白三烯 Β4 增加了 21. 7倍)。 而不同浓度的槲皮素能抑制活的金葡菌导致的人中性粒细胞产 生和释放白三烯 Β4。 本实验所采用的不同浓度的槲皮素能抑制金葡菌导致的人中 性粒细胞 38. 36%到 68. 14%的白三烯 Β4的释放, 对感染导致的新合成的白三烯 Β4 的抑制率从 29. 13%到 38. 62%不等。 (卿 <0. 01 , 麵 ρ<0. 001, UUU≠p<0. 0001 , 与 对照组相比; *p<0. 05, **p<0. 01 , ***p<0. 001 , 与不加类黄酮的金葡菌组相比)。
实验例 5 : 类黄酮槲皮素增加金葡菌感染人中性粒细胞后合成和释放消炎因 子前列腺素 E2对照实验
参见图 5 , 本实验用活的 8325菌株, 细胞与金葡菌比例为 1 : 100。 图 5A, 显示不加槲皮素的金葡菌感染能抑制前列腺素 E2 的合成 (指总前列腺素 E2 , 图 5A下面一个图)但可以释放前列腺素 E2 (图 5A上面一个图), 但进一步研究发现, 这些释放的前列腺素 E2是由于金葡菌对细胞的毒性破坏作用导致细胞内容物漏出 释放到细胞外所致(请看图 5B)。而不同浓度的槲皮素能促进感染后的中性粒细胞 增加合成和释放前列腺素 E2。 与不加槲皮素的金葡菌组相比, ΙΟΟμΜ槲皮素能增 加多达 119. 91%的前列腺素 Ε2的合成和多达 57. 2%的前列腺素 Ε2的释放。 图 5Β, 显示金葡菌对细胞的破坏损伤, 破坏损伤的程度是由漏出释放到细胞外的乳酸脱 氢酶的量 (占总量的百分比) 来显示。 实验结果显示不加槲皮素的金葡菌组能导 致超过 90%的乳酸脱氢酶漏出释放到细胞外。本实验也显示槲皮素对金葡菌导致的 人中性粒细胞的破坏损伤有保护作用, ΙΟθμΜ槲皮素能抑制超过 59%的乳酸脱氢酶 漏出到细胞外。 (#ρ<0. 05, ####ρ<0. 0001 , 与对照组相比; *ρ<0. 05, **ρ<0. 01, ***ρ<0. 001, ****ρ<0· 0001 , 与不加槲皮素的金葡菌组相比)。
实验例 6: 类黄酮槲皮素抑制绿脓杆菌导致的小鼠白细胞合成和释放组织胺 参见图 6, 本实验用的是绿脓杆菌 PA01菌株; 白细胞从小鼠骨髓中分离, 为 全白细胞, 其中中性粒细胞占 80%左右; 本实验细胞与细菌比例为 1 : 10。 与对照 组相比, 不加槲皮素的绿脓杆菌组能显著增加白细胞合成和释放组织胺 (与对照 组相比, 新合成的组织胺增加了 4. 4倍, 释放的组织胺增加了 6. 5倍)。 与不加槲 皮素的绿脓杆菌组相比, ΙΟΟμΜ槲皮素对绿脓杆菌导致的白细胞新合成组织胺的抑 制率达 61. 81°/。, 对组织胺释放的抑制率达 74. 18。/。。 ( p<0. 01, ft«flttp<0. 0001 , 与对照组相比; **p〈0. 01, ****p<0. 0001 , 与不加槲皮素的绿脓杆舊组相比)。
实验例 7: 小鼠皮肤斑贴试验测试槲皮素对金葡菌感染导致的小鼠搔痒行为 的影响实验
参见图 7, 因为释放的炎症介质能导致皮肤瘙痒、 红肿热痛等炎症反应, 故 此试验能测试类黄酮类物质的在体抑制效果。 所用小鼠为 C57B/6种系 (以下同), 18μ1 1. 5xl09cfu/ml的活的金葡菌 8325放于 8讓直径的斑贴片内, 然后立即贴于 去毛的小鼠耳朵背部皮肤。 24小时后去掉斑贴片, 这时能看到加金葡菌组小鼠耳 部皮肤红肿、 有渗出液等反应。 小鼠搔痒行为的测试是根据以前报寻的方法加以 改进 ( Yasushi Kuraishi, et al. European Journal of Pharmacology 1995; 275 : 229-233 ) , 去掉斑贴片后, 实验组用 1. 25%的槲皮素混悬液涂抹, 对照组不用 任何物质涂抹, 还有一组仅用载体溶液涂抹 (本实验的载体为酒精溶液)。 然后计 数小鼠在 60分钟内的瘙痒次数。 结果显示槲皮素组能显著减少小鼠的瘙痒次数, 减少了四分之三 ( 75%) (***p〈0. 001 )。
实验例 8: 小鼠皮肤斑贴试验测试槲皮素对金葡菌感染导致的小鼠皮肤炎症 反应的影响实验
参见图 8, 采用组织学观察。 18μ1磷酸缓冲液或 1. 5xl09cfu/ml的活的金葡 菌 8325 (在磷酸缓冲液里) 放于 8隨直径的斑贴片内, 然后立即贴于去毛的小鼠 耳朵背部皮肤, 24小时后去掉斑贴片。 实验组用 1. 25%或0. 034%的 皮素混悬液 涂抹, 对照组仅用载体涂抹。 每天一次, 连续两天。 然后第三天将小鼠处死, 取 下耳组织进行组织学包埋切片, 用苏木素-伊红染色。 结果显示未感染组几无炎症 细胞浸润(图 8A); 阳性对照组三天后仍有大量炎症细胞浸润、 组织水肿、 表皮脱 落等反应, 绝大多数浸润的细胞为中性粒细胞并能看见坏死脱落的组织, 炎症反 应也呈弥漫状态 (图 8B) ; 而 1. 25% (图 8C) 和 0. 034% (图 8D ) 的槲皮素治疗组 则处于恢复状态, 炎症反应较局限, 炎细胞也减少了。 放大倍数: x200。
实验例 9: 小鼠皮肤斑贴试验测试化学刺激物毛地黄皂甙导致的小鼠皮肤剌 激反应实验
参见图 9, 采用组织学观察。 18μ1的水或 1%的毛地黄皂甙 (溶于水中)放于 8醒直径的斑贴片内, 然后立即贴于去毛的小鼠耳朵背部皮肤。 24 小时后去掉斑 贴片, 这时能看见加毛地黄皂甙组小鼠耳部皮肤红肿、 有渗出液。 三天后将小鼠 处死, 取下耳组织进行组织学包埋切片, 用苏木素-伊红染色。 结果显示未加毛地 黄皂甙组几无炎症细胞浸润(图 9A); 加毛地黄皂甙组有大量炎症细胞浸润, 绝大 多数细胞为中性粒细胞并能看见组织充血、 水肿和表皮脱落等炎症反应, 炎症反 应呈弥漫状态 (图 9Β), 图 9Β中再次放大的小图显示绝大多数浸润的细胞为中性 粒细胞。 放大倍数: x200。
实验例 10:类黄酮抑制化学刺激物毛地黄皂甙刺激导致的小鼠白细胞合成和 释放组织胺的对照实验
参见图 10, 毛地黄皂甙简称为 "皂甙", 本实验所用浓度为 0. 0025%。 本实验 所用细胞为从小鼠骨髓中分离的白细胞 (全白细胞, 其中中性粒细胞占 80%左右, 以下同)。 图 10A, 显示不加类黄酮的毛地黄皂甙组能显著刺激增加白细胞产生和 释放组织胺 (与对照组相比, 新合成的组织胺增加了 2. 6倍, 释放的组织胺增加 了 2. 5倍), 而不同浓度的七种类黄酮类物质能抑制毛地黄皂甙导致的白细胞产生 和释放组织胺。 与不加类黄酮的毛地黄皂甙组相比类黄酮对组织胺释放的抑制率 从 19. 57% ( 50μΜ 黄芩素组) 到超过 97% ( ΙΟθμ 根皮素组), 而对毛地黄皂甙刺 激细胞新合成的组织胺的抑制率从 15. 03°/。 ( 50μΜ 染料木黄酮组) 到超过 97% W 201
( ΙΟΟμΜ 根皮素组)。 图 10B, 显示不加槲皮素的毛地黄皂甙组能显著刺激白细胞 合成和释放组织胺 (与对照组相比, 新合成的组织胺增加 7. 3倍, 释放的组织胺 增加 7. 5倍), 而不同浓度的槲皮素能抑制毛地黄皂甙导致的白细胞合成和释放组 织胺。 与不加槲皮素的毛地黄皂甙组相比, 加槲皮素能抑制毛地黄皂甙导致的白 细胞高达 58. 9%的组织胺的释放和高达 58. 53°/。的新的组织胺的合成。 (##ρ<0. 01, ###ρ<0. 001 , 与对照组相比; *ρ<0. 05, **ρ<0. 01, ***ρ<0. 001, 与不加类黄酮的 毛地黄皂甙组相比)。
实验例 11 :类黄酮槲皮素抑制化学刺激物毛地黄皂甙刺激导致的小鼠白细胞 合成和释放白三烯的对照实验
参见图 11, 本实验毛地黄皂甙所用浓度为 0. 0025%。 本实验所用细胞为从小 鼠骨髓中分离的全白细胞。 图 11显示不加槲皮素的毛地黄皂甙组能显著刺激增加 白细胞产生和释放白三烯 Β4 (与对照组相比, 新合成的白三烯 Β4增加了 1. 6倍, 释放的白三烯增加了 5倍), 而不同浓度的槲皮素能抑制毛地黄皂甙导致的白细胞 合成和释放白三烯 Β4。 槲皮素能抑制毛地黄皂甙刺激导致的白细胞高达 81. 67%的 白三烯 Β4的释放和高达 85. 31%的新的白三烯 Β4的合成。(鼎 ρ<0. 01 , 与对照组相 比; **ρ〈0. 01, 与不加槲皮素的毛地黄皂甙组相比)。
实验例 12 :类黄酮槲皮素抑制化学刺激物毛地黄皂甙刺激导致的小鼠肥大细 胞合成和释放组织胺的对照实验
参见图 12,本实验毛地黄皂甙所用浓度为 0. 00025%。本实验所用细胞为从小 鼠骨髓中培养出来的肥大细胞。 图 12显示不加槲皮素的毛地黄皂甙组能显著刺激 增加肥大细胞释放组织胺 (是对照组的 7倍), 而不同浓度的槲皮素能抑制毛地黄 皂甙导致的肥大细胞释放组织胺。 与不加槲皮素的毛地黄皂甙组相比, 槲皮素能 抑制毛地黄皂甙导致的肥大细胞高达 73. 48%的组织胺的释放, 槲皮素也可抑制肥 大细胞合成新的组织胺。 (#ρ〈0. 05, 与对照组相比; *p<0. 05, 与不加槲皮素的毛 地黄皂甙组相比)。
实验例 13 :类黄酮槲皮素抑制化学刺激物毛地黄皂甙刺激导致的小鼠肥大细 胞合成和释放白三烯的对照实验
参见图 13,本实验毛地黄皂甙所用浓度为 0. 00025%。本实验所用细胞为从小 鼠骨髓中培养出来的肥大细胞。 图 13显示不加槲皮素的毛地黄皂甙组能显著剌激 肥大细胞增加产生和释放白三烯 B4 (与对照组相比, 新合成的白三烯 B4 增加了 56. 8倍, 释放的白三烯 B4增加了 57. 3倍)。 而不同浓度的槲皮素能抑制毛地黄 皂甙刺激导致的肥大细胞合成和释放白三烯 B4。 与不加槲皮素的毛地黄皂甙组相 比, 槲皮素能抑制毛地黄皂甙导致的肥大细胞 10. 63% ( ΙΟμΜ) 到 57. 6% ( ΙΟΟμ ) 的白三烯 Β4的释放, 和抑制肥大细胞 25. 52% ( ΙΟμΜ) 到 66. 34% ( ΙΟΟμΜ ) 的新的 白三烯 Β4的合成。 (#%)〈0. 01 , 翻 ρ〈0. 001, 与对照组相比; *ρ<0. 05 , **p〈0. 01, 与不加槲皮素的毛地黄皂甙组相比)。
实验例 14: 小鼠皮肤斑贴试验测试类黄酮对化学刺激物毛地黄皂甙导致的小 鼠搔痒行为的影响实验
参见图 14, 因为毛地黄皂甙刺激释放的炎症介质能导致皮肤瘙痒、 红肿热痛 等炎症反应, 此实验能测试类黄酮类物质的在体抑制效果。 所用小鼠为 C57BZ6种 系, 18μ1 1%的毛地黄皂甙 (溶于水中) 放于 8羅直径的斑贴片内, 然后立即贴于 去毛的小鼠耳朵背部皮肤, 24小时后去掉斑贴片。 去掉斑贴片后, 实验组用 (1 ) 1%的槲皮素、 (2 ) 1%的槲皮素 +0. 03%根皮素、 或 (3 ) 1%的槲皮素 +0. 01%矢车菊混 悬液涂抹, 对照组仅用载体涂抹 (本实验所用载体为甘油溶液)。 涂抹完五分钟后 计数小鼠在 20分钟内的瘙痒次数。结果显示三个治疗组都能减少小鼠的瘙痒次数, 但 1%的槲皮素 +0. 01%矢车菊混悬液涂抹组能显著减少小鼠的瘙痒次数 (减少了 72%) (*ρ<0. 05, 与对照组相比)。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而己, 并不用于限制本发明, 尽管参照前 述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明, 对于本领域的技术人员来说, 其依然可以 对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案迸行修改, 或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同 替换。 凡在本发明的精神和原则之内, 所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均 应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
为保证说明的完整性, 本发明提供了引用的参考文献或其它发明专利。 在本 发明提及的所有文献及专利都在本申请中引用作为参考, 就如同每一篇文献被单 独引用作为参考那样。 此外应理解, 在阅读了本发明的上述讲授内容之后, 本领 域技术人员可以对发明作各种改动或修改, 这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权 利要求书所限定的范围。

Claims

权利要求书
1、类黄酮在制备抑制白细胞炎症介质的合成及释放并促进白细胞产生和释放消 炎因子的药物中的应用, 其中, 所述类黄酮类化合物包括从各种植物中提取的天然 或人工合成的具有黄酮结构的化合物或其类似物。
2、类黄酮在制备抑制由微生物感染或接触化学刺激物导致白细胞炎症介质的合 成及释放的药物中的应用。
3、类黄酮在制备抑制由微生物感染或接触化学刺激物导致中性粒细胞或肥大细 胞合成及释放组织胺或白三烯的药物中的应用。
4、 根据权利要求 I至 3任一项所述的应用, 其特征在于: 所述类黄酮选用但不 限于黄苓素、 山奈酚、 儿茶素、 矢车菊、 柚皮素、 根皮素、 染料木黄!)或槲皮素中 的一种或多种组合, 总浓度为 0.0001μΜ-1Μ, 优选 Ο.ΙμΜ-lOmM, 更优选
1μΜ-1000μΜ。
5、 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的应用, 其特征在于: 所述化学剌激物为所有能引 起机体剌激反应的化学物质, 包括但不限于一些表面活性剂、 有机溶剂和其它天然 或人工合成的化学物质。
6、 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的应用, 其特征在于: 所述微生物包括活的和死亡 的微生物。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的应用, 其特征在于. · 所述微生物包括细菌、 放线菌、 病毒、 真菌、 支原体、 衣原体、 立克次体、 螺旋体、 寄生虫; 所述细菌包括但不限 于金黄色葡萄球菌 (简称金葡菌)、 表皮葡萄球菌、 溶血链球菌、 化脓性链球菌、 肺 炎链球菌、 肺炎球菌、 脑膜炎球菌、 流感嗜血杆菌、 结核杆菌、 绿脓杆菌、 大肠埃 希菌、 奇异变形杆菌、 粪肠球菌、 克雷伯氏菌、 伤寒沙门菌、 霍乱弧菌、 痢疾杆菌、 幽门螺旋菌、 李斯特菌、 肉毒杆菌、 淋球菌、 布氏杆菌、 鼠疫杆菌、 炭疽杆菌、 溶 血弧菌。
8、 根据权利要求 1至 3任一项所述的应用, 其特征在于: 所述药物可应用于皮 肤、 五官、 口腔、 呼吸系统、 消化系统、 泌尿生殖系统、 血液系统、 神经系统、 内 分泌系统、 肌肉和骨关节系统。
9、 根据权利要求 I至 3任一项所述的应用, 其特征在于: 将类黄酮溶于水、 有 机溶剂、 脂溶性溶剂、 添加增溶剂或药学上可以接受的填充剂做成单位剂量形式, 包括但不限于片剂、 丸剂、 胶囊、 喷雾剂、 气雾剂、 贴片剂、 软膏、 凝胶剂、 贴剂、 膜剂、 栓剂、 粉剂、 混悬剂、 颗粒剂、 酊剂、 糖浆剂、 乳液剂、 悬浮液、 注射剂的 剂型以及各种缓释剂型。
10、 根据权利要求 1至 3任一项所述的应用, 其特征在于: 所述药物的给药形 式, 包括口服、 吸入、 非肠道注射、 粘膜、 肌肉、 静脉内、 皮下、 眼内、 皮内、 阴 道内或皮肤, 其载体、 赋形剂、 稀释剂、 增溶剂是药学上可接受的并与活性成分相 容。
11、 类黄酮在制备抑制金葡菌刺激导致的中性粒细胞合成和释放组织胺或白三 烯的药物中的应用。
12、 类黄酮在制备增加金葡菌感染中性粒细胞后合成和释放消炎因子前列腺素 E2的药物中的应用。
13、类黄酮在制备抑制绿脓杆菌导致白细胞合成和释放组织胺的药物中的应用。
14、 类黃酮在制备抑制毛地黄皂甙刺激白细胞合成和释放组织胺或白三烯的药 物中的应用。
15、 类黃酮在制备抑制毛地黄皂甙刺激肥大细胞合成和释放组织胺或白三烯的 药物中的应用。
16、 根据权利要求 11至 15任一项所述的应用, 其特征在于: 所述类黄酮选用 黄芩素、 山奈酚、 儿茶素、 矢车菊、 柚皮素、 根皮素、 染料木黄酮或槲皮素中的一 种或多种组合, 浓度为 0.0001 μΜ-1Μ, 优选 Ο.Ι μΜ-lOmM, 更优选 1 μΜ-1000μΜ。
17、 类黄酮在制备治疗金葡菌感染导致搔痒、 红肿热痛的炎症反应药物中的应 用。
18、 根据权利要求 17所述的应用, 其特征在于: 所述类黄酮选用槲皮素, 将其 制为槲皮素酒精溶液涂抹于病患处, 浓度为 0.0001wt%-50wt%, 优选
0.005wt%-10wt%, 更优选 0.01wt%-5wt%。
19、 类黄酮在制备治疗化学刺激物导致搔痒、 红肿热痛炎症反应药物中的应用。
20、 根据权利要求 19所述的应用, 其特征在于: 所述类黄酮选用槲皮素、 根皮 素、 矢车菊中的一种或多种的组合, 总浓度为 0.0001wt%-50wt%, 优选
0.005wt%-10wt%, 更优选 0.01wt%-5wto/o
21、 根据权利要求 20所述的应用, 其特征在于: 所述类黄酮以甘油溶剂为载体 制成混悬液涂抹于患处,其中的类黄酮选用 lwt%槲皮素或者 1 wt %的槲皮素与 0.03 wt%根皮素的组合或者 1 wt% 皮素与 0.01 wt%矢车菊的组合,优选 1 wt%槲皮素 与 0.01 wt%矢车菊的组合。
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