WO2014153509A1 - Combination of catalytic mtorc 1/2 inhibitors and selective inhibitors of aurora a kinase - Google Patents

Combination of catalytic mtorc 1/2 inhibitors and selective inhibitors of aurora a kinase Download PDF

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WO2014153509A1
WO2014153509A1 PCT/US2014/031442 US2014031442W WO2014153509A1 WO 2014153509 A1 WO2014153509 A1 WO 2014153509A1 US 2014031442 W US2014031442 W US 2014031442W WO 2014153509 A1 WO2014153509 A1 WO 2014153509A1
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aryl
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chloro
pyrimido
heteroaryl
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Rachel BRAKE
Huifeng Niu
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Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc
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Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc
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Priority to HK16109003.8A priority Critical patent/HK1220901B/en
Priority to JP2016504377A priority patent/JP6360881B2/ja
Priority to EP14768267.8A priority patent/EP2976086B1/en
Priority to CA2907726A priority patent/CA2907726A1/en
Priority to US14/777,888 priority patent/US9724354B2/en
Priority to CN201480025923.0A priority patent/CN105209042B/zh
Publication of WO2014153509A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014153509A1/en
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Priority to US15/670,889 priority patent/US20180117060A1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A61K31/519—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A61P35/02—Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00

Definitions

  • kinases signaling pathways play a central role in numerous biological processes. Defects in various components of signal transduction pathways have been found to account for a vast number of diseases, including numerous forms of cancer, inflammatory disorders, metabolic disorders, vascular and neuronal diseases (Gaestel et al. Current Medicinal Chemistry (2007) 14:2214-2234). In recent years, kinases that are associated with oncogenic signaling pathways have emerged as important drug targets in cancers.
  • the cell division cycle which regulates the transition from quiescence to cell proliferation, also involves various protein kinases that are frequently overexpressed in cancer cells. Because of their important role in the cell division cycle, such cell cycle kinases have also been explored as targets for cancer therapy.
  • mTOR mammalian / mechanistic target of rapamycin
  • mTOR is a serine/threonine protein kinase that regulates cell growth, translational control, angiogenesis and/or cell survival.
  • mTOR is encoded by the FK506 binding protein 12-rapamycin associated protein 1 (FRAP1) gene and is the catalytic subunit of two distinct protein complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORCl) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2).
  • mTORCl function is involved in many growth-related processes such as protein translation, ribosome biogenesis, transcription, autophagy and hypoxic adaptation.
  • mTORCl is best known as a key regulator of protein translation via its ability to phosphorylate the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4EBP1, and S6 kinase (Hidalgo, M. J Clin One (2012) Vol 30, 1).
  • mTORC2 has best been described to regulate two major cell functions, including regulation of Akt and cell cycle-dependent organization of the actin cytoskeleton.
  • mTORC2 phosphorylates Akt on serine 473 (Ser473) in its C-terminal hydrophobic motif, which, in conjunction with PDK1 -mediated phosphorylation of threonine 308 (Thr308), confers full activation of Akt (Sarbassov D.D., et al. Science (2005) 307: 1098-1101).
  • mTORC2 regulates the actin cytoskeleton through an unclear mechanism which is rapamycin insensitive (Jacinto E., et al. Nat Cell Biol. (2004) 6: 1122-1128).
  • mTORC2 phosphorylates PKC and SGKl (serum-and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase 1), and has also been implicated in controlling cell size (Ikenoue T., et al. EMBO J. (2008) 27: 1919-193; Rosner M., et al. Hum Mol Genet, (2009) 18: 3298-3310).
  • the mTORCl and mTORC2 complexes are often distinguished by their ability to differentially bind and be inhibited by rapamycin and its analogs (rapalogs), which is in contrast to catalytic inhibitors of mTOR that can equally inhibit mTORCl and mTORC2.
  • Rapamycin inhibits mTOR by associating with its intracellular receptor FKBP12.
  • FKBP12-rapamycin complex then binds directly to the FKBP12-Rapamycin Binding (FRB) domain of mTOR enzyme (Jacinto E., et al. Cell (2006) 127: 125-137).
  • rapamycin and rapalogs can be considered as allosteric inhibitors regulating the activity of mTORCl only. Furthermore this regulation can be considered incomplete as the ability of these inhibitors to suppress 4EBP1 phosphorylation (an important downstream effect of mTORCl inhibition) is considered to be only partial (Hidalgo, M. J Clin One (2012) Vol 30, 1).
  • Examples of cell cycle kinases include the Aurora kinases, first identified in yeast (Ipll), Xenopus (Eg2) and Drosophila (Aurora). (Embo J (199$) 17, 5627-5637; Genetics (1993) 135, 677-691; Cell (1995) 81, 95-105; JCellSci (1998) l l l(Pt 5), 557-572). In humans, three isoforms of Aurora kinase exist, including Aurora A, Aurora B and Aurora C (Carmena M, Earnshaw WC. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. (2003) 4:842-54).
  • Aurora A and Aurora B play critical roles in the normal progression of cells through mitosis, whereas Aurora C activity is largely restricted to meiotic cells: [010]
  • the Aurora A gene (AURKA) localizes to chromosome 20ql3.2 which is commonly amplified or overexpressed at a high incidence in a diverse array of tumor types. (Embo J (1998) 17, 3052-3065; Int J Cancer (2006) 118, 357-363; J Cell Biol (2003) 161, 267-280; Mol Cancer Ther (2007) 6, 1851-1857; J Natl Cancer Inst (2002) 94, 1320-1329). Increased Aurora A gene expression has been correlated to the etiology of cancer and to a worsened prognosis.
  • This invention relates to methods for the treatment of disease conditions including proliferative disorders, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, fibrotic diseases and kidney diseases.
  • the invention provides methods for treatment of various disease conditions including proliferative disorders, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, fibrotic diseases and kidney diseases, by administering an mTORCl/2 inhibitor in combination with a selective inhibitor of Aurora A kinase.
  • the invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions and kits comprising an mTORC 1/2 inhibitor in combination with a selective Aurora A kinase inhibitor.
  • the present invention provides new combination therapies for the treatment of disease conditions including proliferative disorders, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, fibrotic diseases and kidney diseases.
  • the present invention provides a method to treat a patient suffering from disease conditions including proliferative disorders, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, fibrotic diseases and kidney diseases, comprising administering to said patient an mTORC l/2inhibitor in combination with a selective inhibitor of Aurora A kinase, wherein the amounts of each inhibitor are therapeutically effective when used in combination.
  • the invention also provides an mTORC 1/2 inhibitor in combination with a selective inhibitor of Aurora A kinase for use in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of disease conditions including proliferative disorders, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, fibrotic diseases and kidney diseases, wherein the amounts of each inhibitor are therapeutically effective when used in combination.
  • the invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions and kits comprising an mTORC 1/2 inhibitor in combination with a selective inhibitor of Aurora A kinase.
  • FIGURE 1 shows a fitted isobologram for MLNO 128 in combination with MLN8237 in the Calu6 lung cancer cell line.
  • the contours range from 90% to 10% viability, with a separation of 10% in viability.
  • FIGURE 2 shows a fitted isobologram for MLNO 128 in combination with MLN8237 in the A2780 ovarian cancer cell line.
  • the contours range from 90% to 10% viability, with a separation of 10% in viability.
  • FIGURE 3 shows the antitumor activity (average tumor volume as a function of time) of MLN0128 in combination with MLN8237 in a PHTX-14B breast cancer xenograft tumor model.
  • FIGURE 4 shows the antitumor activity (average tumor volume as a function of time) of MLN0128 in combination with MLN8237 in a PHTX-147B breast cancer xenograft tumor model.
  • FIGURE 5 shows the antitumor activity (average tumor volume as a function of time) of MLNO 128 in combination with MLN8237 in a SUM-149PT breast cancer xenograft tumor model.
  • mTOR refers to the catalytic subunit of two complexes, mTORCl and mTORC2.
  • mTOR inhibitor or "inhibitor of mTOR” is used to signify a compound which is capable of interacting with mTOR and inhibiting its enzymatic activity. Inhibiting mTOR enzymatic activity means reducing the ability of mTOR to phosphorylate a substrate peptide or protein. In various embodiments, such reduction of mTOR activity is at least about 50%, at least about 75%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, or at least about 99%. In various
  • the concentration of mTOR inhibitor required to reduce mTOR enzymatic activity is less than about 1 ⁇ , less than about 500 nM, less than about 100 nM, less than about 50 nM, or less than about 10 nM.
  • such inhibition is selective, i.e., the mTOR inhibitor reduces the ability of mTOR to phosphorylate a substrate peptide or protein at a concentration that is lower than the concentration of the inhibitor that is required to produce another, unrelated biological effect, e.g. , reduction of the enzymatic activity of a different kinase, hi some embodiments, the mTOR inhibitor also reduces the enzymatic activity of another kinase, preferably one that is implicated in cancer.
  • the mTOR inhibitor selectively inhibits both mTORC 1 and mTORC2 activity relative to one or more type I phosphatidylinositol 3 -kinases (PI3 -kinase) as ascertained by a cell-based assay or an in vitro kinase assay.
  • PI3 -kinase type I phosphatidylinositol 3 -kinases
  • an mTORC 1/2 inhibitor when used: herein refers to a catalytic mTOR inhibitor that interacts with and reduces the kinase activity of both mTORC 1 and mTORC2 complexes. In some embodiments of the methods of the invention, the mTOR inhibitor binds to and directly inhibits both mTORC 1 and mTORC2.
  • the mTOR inhibitor inhibits both mTORCl and mTORC2 with an IC50 value of about 500 nM or less, 400 nM or less, 300 nM or less, 200 nM or less, 100 nM or less, 50 nM or less, 10 nM or less, or InM or less, as ascertained in an in vitro kinase assay.
  • the mTOR inhibitor inhibits both mTORCl and mTORC2 with an IC50 value of about 10 nM or less as ascertained in an in vitro kinase assay, and the mTOR inhibitor is substantially inactive against one or more types I PI3- kinases selected from the group consisting of PI3 -kinase ⁇ , PI3 -kinase ⁇ , PI3 -kinase ⁇ , and PI3- kinase ⁇ .
  • the mTOR inhibitor inhibits both mTORCl and mTORC2 with an IC50 value of about 100 nM or less as ascertained in an in vitro kinase assay, and the IC50 value is at least 2, 5 or 10 times less than its IC50 value against all other type I PI3 -kinases selected from the group consisting of PI3 -kinase ⁇ , PI3 -kinase ⁇ , PI3 -kinase ⁇ , and PI3 -kinase ⁇ .
  • Aurora A kinase refers to a serine/threonine kinases involved in mitotic progression. Aurora A kinase is also known as AIK, ARK1, AURA, BTAK, STK6, STK7, STK15, AURORA2, MGC34538, and AURKA. A variety of cellular proteins that play a role in cell division are substrates for phosphorylation by the Aurora A kinase enzyme, including, without limitation, p53, TPX-2, XIEg5 (ia Xenop s), and D-TACC (in Drosophila). The Aurora A kinase enzyme is also itself a substrate for autophosphorylation, e.g., at Thr288. Preferably, the Aurora A kinase is a human Aurora A kinase.
  • inhibitor of Aurora A kinase or "Aurora A kinase inhibitor” is used to signify a compound that is capable of interacting with Aurora A kinase and inhibiting its enzymatic activity. Inhibiting Aurora A kinase enzymatic activity means reducing the ability of Aurora A kinase to phosphorylate a substrate peptide or protein. In various embodiments, such reduction of Aurora A kinase activity is at least about 75%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, or at least about 99%.
  • the concentration of Aurora A kinase inhibitor required to reduce an Aurora A kinase enzymatic activity is less than about 1 ⁇ , less than about 500 nM, less than about 100 nM, less than about 50 nM, or less than about 10 nM.
  • the concentration that is required to inhbit the enzymatic activity of Aurora A kinase is lower than the concentration of the inhibitor that is required to inhibit the enzymatic activity of Aurora B kinase.
  • the concentration of an Aurora A kinase inhibitor that is required to reduce Aurora A kinase enzymatic activity is at least about 2-fold, at least about 5 -fold, at least about 10-fold, at least about 20-fold, at least about 50-fold, at least about 100-fold, at least about 500-fold, or at least about 1000-fold lower than the concentration of the inhibitor that is required to reduce Aurora B kinase enzymatic activity.
  • the term "selective inhibitor of Aurora A kinase” or “selective Aurora A kinase inhibitor” refers to an inhibitor that exhibits an Aurora A kinase inhibitor phenotype at effective antitumor concentrations.
  • the selective Aurora A kinase inhibitor causes a transient mitotic delay, as measured by quantification of pHisEB, when administered to mice at a dose where the free fraction adjusted concentration (C ave ) in plasma is equivalent to the free fraction adjusted concentration achieved in plasma in humans at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD).
  • free fraction adjusted concentration refers to the plasma concentration of free drug (not protein bound).
  • the terms “in combination” or “combination therapy” refer to use of both an mTORCl/2 inhibitor and a selective Aurora A kinase inhibitor in the treatment of the same disease or condition in the same patient. As further described below, unless explicitly specified, the terms “in combination” or “combination therapy” do not restrict the timing of administration of the mTORCl/2 inhibitor and selective Aurora A kinase inhibitor, and thus include both simultaneous and sequential administration of the mTORCl/2 inhibitor and selective Aurora A kinase inhibitor.
  • connection of compound name moieties are at the rightmost recited moiety. That is, the substituent name starts with a terminal moiety, continues with any linking moieties, and ends with the linking moiety.
  • heteroarylthio C 1-4 alkyl has a heteroaryl group connected through a thio sulfur to a alkyl radical that connects to the chemical species bearing the substituent.
  • a formula such as, for example "-L-Ci.io alkyl - C3_ 8 cycloalkyl” is represented.
  • the terminal group is a C3_ 8 cycloalkyl group attached to a linking Ci_ 10 alkyl moiety which is attached to an element L, which is itself connected to the chemical species bearing the substituent.
  • Acyl refers to the groups (alkyl)-C(O)-, (aryl)-C(O)-, (heteroaryl)-C(O)-,
  • it is a Ci-Cio acyl radical which refers to the total number of chain or ring atoms of the alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl portion of the acyloxy group plus the carbonyl carbon of acyl, i.e three other ring or chain atoms plus carbonyl. If the R radical is heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl, the hetero ring or chain atoms contribute to the total number of chain or ring atoms.
  • aliphatic or "aliphatic group”, as used herein, means a substituted or unsubstituted straight-chain, branched or cyclic Q.n hydrocarbon, which is completely saturated or which contains one or more units of unsaturation, but which is not aromatic.
  • suitable aliphatic groups include substituted or unsubstituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl groups and hybrids thereof, such as (cylcoalkyl)alkyl, (cycloalkenyl)alkyl or (cycloalkyl)alkenyl.
  • alkyl refers to a straight and branched chain aliphatic group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms. Whenever it appears herein, a numerical range such as “1 to 12" refers to each integer in the given range; e.g., "1 to 12 carbon atoms” means that the alkyl group may consist of 1 carbon atom, 2 carbon atoms, 3 carbon atoms, etc., up to and including 12 carbon atoms, although the present definition also covers the occurrence of the term "alkyl” where no numerical range is designated.
  • alkyl will be used when the carbon atom attaching the aliphatic group to the rest of the molecule is a saturated carbon atom.
  • an alkyl group may include unsaturation at other carbon atoms.
  • alkyl groups include, without limitation, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, allyl, propargyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl isobutyl, tertiary butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, septyl, octyl, nonyl, and decyl.
  • alkenyl will be used when the carbon atom attaching the aliphatic group to the rest of the molecule forms part of a carbon-carbon double bond.
  • Alkenyl groups include, without limitation, vinyl, 1-propenyl, 1-butenyl, 1- pentenyl, and 1-hexenyl.
  • alkynyl will be used when the carbon atom attaching the aliphatic group to the rest of the molecule forms part of a carbon-carbon triple bond.
  • Alkynyl groups include, without limitation, ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 1-butynyl, 1-pentynyl, and 1-hexynyl.
  • alkylene refers to a bivalent alkyl group.
  • An "alkylene chain” is a polymethylene group, i.e., -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n is a positive integer, preferably from 1 to 6, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 3, from 1 to 2, or from 2 to 3.
  • a substituted alkylene chain is a polymethylene group in which one or more methylene hydrogen atoms is replaced with a substituent. Suitable substituents include those described below for a substituted aliphatic group.
  • An alkylene chain also may be substituted at one or more positions with an aliphatic group or a substituted aliphatic group.
  • aryl and “ar-”, used alone or as part of a larger moiety refer to a C 6 to C u aromatic hydrocarbon, comprising one to three rings, each of which is optionally substituted.
  • the aryl group is a C 6- i 0 aryl group.
  • Aryl groups include, without limitation, phenyl, naphthyl, and anthracenyl. In some
  • two adjacent substituents on the aryl ring taken together with the intervening ring atoms, form an optionally substituted fused 5- to 6-membered aromatic or 4- to 8-membered non- aromatic ring having 0-3 ring heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N, and S.
  • aryl includes groups in which an aromatic ring is fused to one or more heteroaryl, cycloaliphatic, or heterocyclyl rings, where the radical or point of attachment is on the aromatic ring.
  • Nonlimiting examples of such fused ring systems include indolyl, isoindolyl, benzothienyl, benzofuranyl, dibenzofuranyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthiazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, fluorenyl, indanyl, phenanthridinyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, indolinyl, phenoxazinyl, benzodioxanyl, and benzodioxolyl.
  • aryl group may be mono-, bi-, tri-, or polycyclic, preferably mono-, bi-, or tricyclic, more preferably mono- or bicyclic.
  • aryl may be used interchangeably with the terms “aryl group”, “aryl moiety”, and “aryl ring”.
  • an "aralkyl” or “arylalkyl” group comprises an aryl group covalently attached to an alkyl group, either of which independently is optionally substituted.
  • the aralkyl group is Ce-io aryl(Ci.
  • CVioalkylaryl refers to an alkyl group, as defined above, containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, branched or unbranched, wherein the aryl group replaces one hydrogen on the alkyl group, for example, 3-phenylpropyl. Either portion of the moiety is unsubstituted or substituted.
  • amino or "amine” means a nitrogen moiety having two further substituents where, for example, a hydrogen or carbon atom is attached to the nitrogen.
  • representative amino groups include -N3 ⁇ 4, -NHCH 3 , -N(CH 3 ) 2 , -NH((Ci.i 0 )alkyl), -N((C W0 )alkyl) 2 , - NH(aryl), -NH(heteroaryl), -N(aryl) 2 , -N(heteroaryl) 2 , and the like.
  • the two substituents together with the nitrogen may also form a ring.
  • the compounds of the invention containing amino moieties may include protected derivatives thereof. Suitable protecting groups for amino moieties include acetyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl,
  • Amide or “amido” refers to a chemical moiety with formula -C(0)N(R) 2 or - HC(0)R, where R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl (bonded through a ring carbon) and heteroalicyclic (bonded through a ring carbon), each of which moiety may itself be optionally substituted. In some embodiments it is a Q-C4 amido or amide radical, which includes the amide carbonyl in the total number of carbons in the radical.
  • the R 2 of - N(R)2 of the amide may optionally be taken together with the nitrogen to which it is attached to form a 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-membered ring.
  • an amido group is optionally substituted independently by one or more of the substituents as described herein for alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocycloalkyl.
  • An amide may be an amino acid or a peptide molecule attached to a compound of Formula (I), thereby forming a prodrug. Any amine, hydroxy, or carboxyl side chain on the compounds described herein can be amidified.
  • alkoxy refers to the group -O-alkyl, including from 1 to 8 carbon atoms of a straight, branched, cyclic configuration and combinations thereof attached to the parent structure through an oxygen. Examples include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, cyclopropyloxy, cyclohexyloxy and the like.
  • Lower alkoxy refers to alkoxy groups containing one to six carbons. In some embodiments, C r C 4 alkyl, is an alkyl group which encompasses both straight and branched chain alkyls of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • haloalkoxy refers to an alkoxy group substituted with one or more halo groups, for example chloromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, perfluoroisobutoxy, and the like.
  • bicycloalkyl refers to a structure consisting of two cycloalkyl moieties, unsubstituted or substituted, that have two or more atoms in common. If the cycloalkyl moieties have exactly two atoms in common they are said to be “fused”. Examples include, but are not limited to, bicyclo[3.1.0]hexyl, perhydronaphthyl, and the like. If the cycloalkyl moieties have more than two atoms in common they are said to be "bridged”. Examples include, but are not limited to, bicyclo[3.2.1]heptyl ("norbornyl"), bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, and the like.
  • bicycloalkyl either alone or represented along with another radical, can be a (C4.i 5 )bicycloalkyl, a a (C 6- io)bicycloalkyl or a (C 8-10 )bicycloalkyl.
  • bicycloalkyl either alone or represented along with another radical, can be a (Cg)bicycloalkyl, a (C 9 )bicycloalkyl or a (Ci 0 )bicycloalkyl.
  • Bicycloaryl means a fused, spiro or bridged bicyclic ring assembly wherein at least one of the rings comprising the assembly is aromatic.
  • (C x )bicycloaryl and (Cx.Y)bicycloaryl are typically used where X and Y indicate the number of carbon atoms in the bicyclic ring assembly and directly attached to the ring.
  • "bicycloaryl,” either alone or represented along with another radical can be a (a (C 4 .i 5 )bicycloaryl, a (C 4 . 10 )bicycloaryl, a (C 6 .io)bicycloaryl or a (C 8- io)bicycloaryl.
  • "bicycloalkyl either alone or represented along with another radical, can be a (C 8 )bicycloaryl, a (C 9 )bicycloaryl or a
  • C 10 bicycloaryl.
  • the term "Ci.io alkyl bicycloaryl” refers to a group containing a terminal alkyl group, branched or straight chain and containing 2 to 10 atoms attached to a linking aryl group which is bicyclic, such as for example, 2-(l-naphthyl)- ethyl. Either portion of the moiety is unsubstituted or substituted.
  • carboxylalkyl refers to a terminal carboxyl (-COOH) group attached to branched or straight chain alkyl groups as defined above.
  • Cyano means the radical -CN.
  • cycloaliphatic used alone or as part of a larger moiety, refers to a saturated or partially unsaturated cyclic aliphatic ring system having from 3 to about 14 members, wherein the aliphatic ring system is optionally substituted.
  • the cycloaliphatic is a monocyclic hydrocarbon having 3-8 or 3-6 ring carbon atoms.
  • Nonlimiting examples include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, cycloheptenyl, cyclooctyl, cyclooctenyl, and cyclooctadienyl.
  • the cycloaliphatic is a bridged or fused bicyclic hydrocarbon having 6-12, 6-10, or 6-8 ring carbon atoms, wherein any individual ring in the bicyclic ring system has 3-8 members.
  • two adjacent substituents on the cycloaliphatic ring taken together with the intervening ring atoms, form an optionally substituted fused 5- to 6-membered aromatic or 3- to 8-membered non-aromatic ring having 0-3 ring heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N, and S.
  • cycloaliphatic includes aliphatic rings that are fused to one or more aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl rings.
  • Nonlimiting examples include indanyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoxalinyl, decahydronaphthyl, or tetrahydronaphthyl, where the radical or point of attachment is on the aliphatic ring.
  • cycloaliphatic may be used interchangeably with the terms “carbocycle”, “carbocyclyl”, “carbocyclo”, or “carbocyclic”.
  • Cycloalkyl means a non-aromatic, saturated or partially unsaturated, monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic ring assembly that contains only carbon and hydrogen, and may be saturated, or partially unsaturated.
  • (C x )cycloalkyl and (C x . Y )cycloalkyl are typically used where X and Y indicate the number of carbon atoms in the ring assembly. For example,
  • (C3.io)cycloalkyl includes cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, 2,5-cyclohexadienyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, adamantan-l-yl, decahydronaphthyl, oxocyclohexyl, dioxocyclohexyl, thiocyclohexyl, 2-oxobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-l-yl, and the like.
  • cycloalkyl either alone or represented along with another radical, can be a (C 3- i4)cycloalkyl, a (C 3- io)cycloalkyl, a (C 3-7 )cycloalkyl, a (C 8- io)cycloalkyl or a
  • cycloalkyl either alone or represented along with another radical, can be a (C 5 )cycloalkyl, a (C 6 )cycloalkyl, a (C 7 )cycloalkyl, a (C s )cycloalkyl, a
  • heteroaryl and “heteroar-”, used alone or as part of a larger moiety, e.g., heteroaralkyl, or “heteroaralkoxy”, refer to groups having 5 to 14 ring atoms, preferably 5, 6, 9, or 10 ring atoms; having 6, 10, or 14 ⁇ electrons shared in a cyclic array; and having, in addition to carbon atoms, from one to four heteroatoms.
  • heteroatom refers to nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, and includes any oxidized form of nitrogen or sulfur, and any quatemized form of a basic nitrogen.
  • Heteroaryl groups include, without limitation, thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, indolizinyl, purinyl, naphthyridinyl, and pteridinyl.
  • heteroaryl taken together with the intervening ring atoms, form an optionally substituted fused 5- to 6-membered aromatic or 4- to 8-membered non-aromatic ring having 0-3 ring heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N, and S.
  • heteroaryl and “heteroar-”, as used herein, also include groups in which a heteroaromatic ring is fused to one or more aryl, cycloaliphatic, or heterocyclyl rings, where the radical or point of attachment is on the heteroaromatic ring.
  • Nonlimiting examples include indolyl, isoindolyl, benzothienyl, benzofuranyl, dibenzofuranyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthiazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, 4H-quinolizinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, and pyrido[2,3-b]-l,4-oxazin-3(4H)-one.
  • heteroaryls include, but are not limited to, azepinyl, benzindolyl, 1,3-benzodioxolyl, benzooxazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, benzo[ >][l,4]dioxepinyl, benzo[b][l,4]oxazinyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl, benzonaphthofuranyl, benzoxazolyl, benzodioxolyl, benzodioxinyl, benzoxazolyl, benzopyranyl, benzopyranonyl, benzofuranonyl, benzofurazanyl, benzothiazolyl, benzothienyl (benzothiophenyl), benzothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidinyl, benzotriazolyl, benzo[4,6]imidazo[l,2-a]pyridinyl, carbazolyl, cycl
  • a heteroaryl group may be mono-, bi-, tri-, or polycyclic, preferably mono-, bi-, or tricyclic, more preferably mono- or bicyclic.
  • heteroaryl may be used interchangeably with the terms “heteroaryl ring”, “heteroaryl group”, or “heteroaromatic”, any of which terms include rings ihat are optionally substituted.
  • heterooaralkyl refers to an alkyl group substituted by a heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl and heteroaryl portions independently are optionally substituted.
  • heterocycle As used herein, the terms “heterocycle”, “heterocyclyl”, “heterocyclic radical”, and “heterocyclic ring” are used interchangeably and refer to a stable 3- to 7-membered monocyclic, or to a fused 7- to 10-membered or bridged 6- to 10-membered bicyclic heterocyclic moiety that is either saturated or partially unsaturated, and having, in addition to carbon atoms, one or more, preferably one to four, heteroatoms, as defined above.
  • nitrogen includes a substituted nitrogen.
  • the nitrogen may be N (as in 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrolyl), ⁇ (as in pyrrolidinyl) or " " " " NR (as in N-substituted pyrrolidinyl).
  • a heterocyclic ring can be attached to its pendant group at any heteroatom or carbon atom that results in a stable structure, and any of the ring atoms can be optionally substituted.
  • saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic radicals include, without limitation, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolidonyl, piperidinyl, pyrrol inyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, decahydroquinolinyl, oxazolidinyl, piperazinyl, dioxanyl, dioxolanyl, diazepinyl, oxazepinyl, thiazepinyl, morpholinyl, and quinuclidinyl.
  • two adjacent substituents on a heterocyclic ring taken together with the intervening ring atoms, for an optionally substituted fused 5- to 6-membered aromatic or 3- to 8-membered non-aromatic ring having 0-3 ring heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N, and S-.
  • heterocycle used interchangeably herein, and include groups in which a heterocyclyl ring is fused to one or more aryl, heteroaryl, or cycloaliphatic rings, such as indolinyl, 3H-indolyl, chromanyl, phenanthridinyl, or tetrahydroquinolinyl, where the radical or point of attachment is on the heterocyclyl ring.
  • a heterocyclyl group may be mono-, bi-, tri-, or polycyclic, preferably mono-, bi-, or tricyclic, more preferably mono- or bicyclic.
  • heterocyclylalkyl refers to an alkyl group substituted by a heterocyclyl, wherein the alkyl and heterocyclyl portions independently are optionally substituted.
  • partially unsaturated refers to a ring moiety that includes at least one double or triple bond between ring atoms.
  • the term “partially unsaturated” is intended to encompass rings having multiple sites of unsaturation, but is not intended to include aryl or heteroaryl moieties, as herein defined.
  • haloaliphatic refers to an aliphatic, alkyl, alkenyl or alkoxy group, as the case may be, which is substituted with one or more halogen atoms.
  • Nonlimiting examples include chloromethyl, 2-bromoethyl, 3-iodopropyl, trifluoromethyl, perfluoropropyl, and 8-chlorononyl.
  • halogen or “halo” means F, CI, Br, or I.
  • fluoroaliphatic refers to a haloaliphatic wherein the halogen is fluoro.
  • Heteroalkyl “heteroalkenyl” and “heteroalkynyl” include optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl radicals and which have one or more skeletal chain atoms selected from an atom other than carbon, e.g., oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus or combinations thereof.
  • a numerical range may be given, e.g., Ci-C 4 heteroalkyl which refers to the chain length in total, which in this example is 4 atoms long.
  • a -CH 2 OCH2CH 3 radical is referred to as a "C4" heteroalkyl, which includes the heteroatom center in the atom chain length description.
  • a heteroalkyl group may be substituted with one or more substituents which independently are: alkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, hydroxy, halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, thioxo,
  • heteroalkylaryl refers to a heteroalkyl group as defined above which is attached to an aryl group, and may be attached at a terminal point or through a branched portion of the heteroalkyl, for example, an benzyloxymethyl moiety. Either portion of the moiety is unsubstituted or substituted.
  • heteroarylalkyl used to describe a group wherein the alkyl chain can be branched or straight chain forming a linking portion of the heteroaralkyl moiety with the terminal heteroaryl portion, as defined above, for example 3-furylmethyl, thenyl, furfuryl, and the like. Either portion of the moiety is unsubstituted or substituted.
  • heteroalkylheteroaryl refers likewise to a heteroalkyl group which is attached to a heteroaryl moiety, for example, an ethoxymethylpyridyl group. Either portion of the moiety is unsubstituted or substituted.
  • heteroalkyl-heterocyclyl refers to a heteroalkyl group as defined above, which is attached to a heterocyclic group, for example, 4(3-aminopropyl)-N-piperazinyl. Either portion of the moiety is unsubstituted or substituted.
  • heteroalkyl-Cs-gcycloalkyl refers to a heteroalkyl group as defined above, which is attached to a cyclic alkyl containing 3 to 8 carbons, for example, l-aminobutyl-4- cyclohexyl. Either portion of the moiety is unsubstituted or substituted.
  • heterocycloalkyl refers to a bicycloalkyl structure, which is unsubstituted or substituted, in which at least one carbon atom is replaced with a heteroatom independently selected from oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.
  • heterospiroalkyl refers to a spiroalkyl structure, which is unsubstituted or substituted, in which at least one carbon atom is replaced with a heteroatom independently selected from oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.
  • Niro means the radical -N0 2 .
  • Haldroxy means the radical -OH.
  • oxo refers to an oxygen that is double bonded to a carbon atom.
  • an "oxo” requires a second bond from the atom to which the oxo is attached. Accordingly, it is understood that oxo cannot be subststituted onto an aryl or heteroaryl ring, unless it forms part of the aromatic system as a tautomer.
  • substituted means that a hydrogen radical of the designated moiety is replaced with the radical of a specified substituent, provided that the substitution results in a stable or chemically feasible compound.
  • substituents refers to a number of substituents that equals from one to the maximum number of substituents possible based on the number of available bonding sites, provided that the above conditions of stability and chemical feasibility are met.
  • an optionally substituted group may have a substituent at each substitutable position of the group, and the substituents may be either the same or different.
  • An aryl (including the aryl moiety in aralkyl, aralkoxy, aryloxyalkyl and the like) or heteroaryl (including the heteroaryl moiety in heteroaralkyl and heteroaralkoxy and the like) group may contain one or more substituents. Examples of suitable substituents on the unsaturated carbon atom of an aryl or heteroaryl group
  • Each R + is hydrogen or an optionally substituted aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl group, or two R + on the same nitrogen atom, taken together with the nitrogen atom, form a 5-8 membered aromatic or non-aromatic ring having, in addition to the nitrogen atom, 0-2 ring heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S.
  • Each R* independently is hydrogen or an optionally substituted aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl group.
  • Each R° is an optionally substituted aliphatic or aryl group.
  • An aliphatic group or a non-aromatic heterocyclic ring may be substituted with one or more substituents.
  • structures depicted herein are meant to include compounds which differ only in the presence of one or more isotopically enriched atoms.
  • compounds having the present structure except for the replacement of a hydrogen atom by a deuterium or tritium, or the replacement of a carbon atom by a 13 C- or 14 C-enriched carbon are within the scope of the invention.
  • mTORC 1/2 inhibitors can be assayed in vitro or in vivo for their ability to selectively bind to and/or inhibit mTORC 1 and mTORC2.
  • In vitro assays include assays to determine selective inhibition of the ability of mTORC 1 and mTORC2 to phosphorylate a substrate protein or peptide. Alternate in vitro assays quantitate the ability of the compound to selectively bind to mTORC 1 and mTORC2.
  • Selective inhibitor binding may be measured by radiolabelling the inhibitor prior to binding, isolating the inhibitor/ mTOR complex and determining the amount of radiolabel bound.
  • selective inhibitor binding may be determined by running a competition experiment in which new inhibitors are incubated with mTOR bound to a known radioligand.
  • the compounds also can be assayed for their ability to affect cellular or physiological functions mediated by mTOR activity. Assays for each of these activities are known in the art.
  • the mTORCl/2 inhibitor inhibits both mTORCl and mTORC2 with an IC50 value of about 500 nM or less, 400 nM or less, 300 nM or less, 200 nM or less, 100 nM or less, 50 nM or less, 10 nM or less, or InM or less, as ascertained in an in vitro kinase assay.
  • the mTORCl/2 inhibitor inhibits both mTORCl and mTORC2 with an IC50 value of about 10 nM or less as ascertained in an in vitro kinase assay, and the mTORCl/2 inhibitor is substantially inactive against one or more types I PI3 -kinases selected from the group consisting of PI3 -kinase ⁇ , PI3 -kinase ⁇ , PI3 -kinase ⁇ , and PI3-kinase ⁇ .
  • the mTORCl/2 inhibitor inhibits both mTORCl and mTORC2 with an IC50 value of about 100 nM or less as ascertained in an in vitro kinase assay, and the IC50 value is at least 2, 5 or 10 times less than its IC50 value against all other type I PI3-kinases selected from the group consisting of PI3 -kinase ⁇ , PI3 -kinase ⁇ , PI3 -kinase ⁇ , and PI3 -kinase ⁇ .
  • the mTORCl/2 inhibitor is a compound of Formula I:
  • Xi is N or C-E 1
  • X 2 is N or C
  • X 3 is N or C
  • X 4 is C-R 9 or N
  • X 5 is N or C-E 1
  • X 6 is C or N
  • X 7 is C or N; and wherein no more than two nitrogen ring atoms are adjacent;
  • Ri is H, -L-Q.ioalkyl, -L-C 3-8 cycloalkyl, -L-Ci. 10 alkyl -C 3 .gcycloalkyl, -L- aryl, -L- heteroaryl, -L-Ci.
  • E 1 and E 2 are independently -(W 1 3 ⁇ 4 -R 4 ;
  • Mi is a 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or- 10 membered ring system, wherein the ring system is monocyclic or bicyclic, substituted with 5 and additionally optionally substituted with one or more - ⁇ W 2 ) k -
  • each k is 0 or 1; j in E 1 or j in E 2 , is independently 0 or 1;
  • W 1 is -0-, -NR 7 -, -S(0)o-2- -C(OH-C(0)N(R 7 )-, -N(R 7 )C(0)-, -N(R 7 )S(0)-,- N(R 7 )S(0) 2 - -C(0)0-, -CH(R 7 )N(C(0)OR 8 )-, -CH(R 7 )N(C(0)R 8 )-, -CH(R 7 )N(S0 2 R 8 )-, - CH(R 7 )N(R 8 H -CH(R 7 )C(0)N(R 8 )-, -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )C(0)-, -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )S(0)-, or - CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )S(0) 2 -;
  • W 2 is -0-, -NR 7 -, -S(0)o-2- - (O -C(0)N(R 7 )-, -N(R 7 )C(0)-, -N(R 7 )C(0)N(R 8 )-,- N(R 7 )S(0)-, -N(R 7 )S(0) 2 -,-C(0)0- -CH(R 7 )N(C(0)OR 8 )-, -CH(R 7 )N(C(0)R 8 )-, - CH(R 7 )N(S0 2 R 8 )-, -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )-, -CH(R 7 )C(0)N(R 8 )-, -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )C(0)-, - CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )S(0)-, or -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )S(0) 2 -;
  • Ci.ioalkyl C3.gcycloalkyl, Ci.ioalkyl-C 3-g cycloalkyl, C 3 _ 8 cycloalkyl -Ci.ioalkyl, C 3- gcycloalkyl -C2-ioalkenyl, C 3 .gcycloalkyl- C 2- ioalkynyl, Ci.ioalkyl- C 2- ioalkenyl, Ci_i 0 alkyl- C 2 . l oalkynyl, Ci.i 0 alkylaryl (e.g.
  • cycloalkyl C 2 -ioalkynyl-C 3 . 8 cycloalkyl, C 2 .i 0 alkynylaryl, C2-ioalkynylhetaryl, C 2 . l oalkynylheteroalkyl, C 2- ioalkynylheterocylyl, C 2 . 10 alkynyl-C 3 . 8 cycloalkenyl, Ci.i 0 alkoxy Q.
  • loalkyl C 1-10 alkoxy-C 2-1 oalkenyl, Ci.i 0 alkoxy-C 0 alkynyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyl heterocyclyl-C 2 .i 0 alkenyl, heterocyclyl-C 2- ioalkynyl, aryl- Q.ioalkyl, aryl-C 2- i 0 alkenyl, aryl-C 2 .
  • each of R , R , and R is independently H or Q-ioalkyl , wherein the Ci.i 0 alkyl is unsubstituted or is substituted with one or more aryl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclyl, or hetaryl group, wherein each of said aryl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclyl, or hetaryl group is unsubstituted or is substituted with one or more halo, -OH, - Ci.ioalkyl, -CF 3 , -O-aryl, -OCF 3 , -OCi.i 0 alkyl, -NH 2 , -N(C M oalkylXC M oalkyl), - NH(C 1-10 alkyl), - NH( aryl), -NR 34 R 35 , -C(O)(C 1-10 alkyl), - C OXd.ioalkyl-aryl), -C(0)(aryl
  • each of R 7 and R 8 is independently hydrogen, Ci.ioalkyl, C 2 _i 0 alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl or C3.iocycloalkyl, each of which except for hydrogen is unsubstituted or is substituted by one or more independent R 6 ;
  • alkynyl hetaryl-Ci.i 0 alkyl, hetaryl-C 2 _i 0 alkenyl, hetaryl-C 2 _i 0 alkynyl, wherein each of said alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclyl, or hetaryl group is unsubstituted or is substituted with one or more independent halo, cyano, nitro, -OCi- ! oalkyl, Ci.ioalkyl, C 2- ioalkenyl, C 2 .
  • Mi is a 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or- 10 membered ring system, wherein the ring system is monocyclic or bicyclic.
  • the monocyclic Mi ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more R 5 substituents (including 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 R 5 substituents).
  • the monocyclic Mi ring is aromatic (including phenyl) or heteroaromatic (including but not limited to pyridinyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, or pyrimidinyl).
  • the monocyclic Mi ring may be a 5 or 6 membered ring (including but not limited to pyridinyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, or pyrimidinyl).
  • M 2 is a five membered heteroaromatic group with one heteroatom, wherein the heteroatom is N, S, or O.
  • M 2 is a five membered heteroaromatic group with two heteroatoms, wherein the heteroatoms are nitrogen and oxygen or nitrogen and sulfur.
  • the bicyclic Mi ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more R 5 substituents (including 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 R 5 substituents).
  • Bicyclic Mi ring is a 7, 8, 9, or 10 membered aromatic or heteroaromatic. Examples of an aromatic bicyclic Mi ring include naphthyl.
  • the bicyclic Mi ring is heteroaromatic and includes but is not limited to benzothiazolyl, quinolinyl, quinazolinyl, benzoxazolyl, and benzoimidazolyl.
  • Mi is a moiety having a structure of Formula Ml-A or Formula Ml-B:
  • W b W 2 , and W 7 are independently N or C-R 5 ;
  • W 4 and Wi 0 are independently N-R 5 , O, or S;
  • W 6 and W 8 are independently N or C-R 5 ;
  • W 5 and W 9 are independently N or C-R 2 ;
  • W 3 is C or N, provided no more than two N and/or N-R 5 are adjacent and no two O or S are adjacent.
  • the M ! moiety of Formula Ml-A is a moiety of Formula Ml-Al, Formula M1-A2, Formula M1-A3, or Formula M1-A4:
  • Formula Ml -A 1 Formula Ml -A2 Formula Ml -A3 Formula Ml -A4 wherein W 4 is N-R 5 , O, or S; W 6 is N or C-R 5 and W 5 is N or C-R 2 .
  • Mi moiety of Formula Ml-A include:
  • R 5 is -(W ! ) k -R 53 or R 55 ; each k is independently 0 or 1, n is 0, 1, 2, or 3, and -(W 1 ⁇ - R 53 and R 55 are as defined above.
  • the Mi moiety of Formula Ml-B is a moiety of
  • Mi moiety of Formula Ml-B include:
  • R' 5 is -(W' -R 53 or R 55 ; k is 0 or 1, n i sO, 1, 2, or 3, and - W l ⁇ -R 53 and R 55 are as defined above.
  • the mTORCl/2 inhibitor has the Formula I- A:
  • Xi is N or C-E 1 , X 2 is N, X 3 is C, and X 4 is C-R 9 or N; or Xj is N or C-E 1 , X 2 is C, X 3 is N, and X 4 is C-R 9 or N;
  • Ri is -H, -L-Ci.ioalkyl, -L-C 3-8 cycloalkyl, -L-Ci.i 0 alkyl -C 3-8 cycloalkyl, -L- aryl, -L-heteroaryl, - L-Q.ioalkylaryl, -L- Ci.ioalkylheteroaryl, -L- Ci.ioalkylheterocyclyl, -L-C2-ioalkenyl, -L- C 2- ioalkynyl, -L-C 2 .ioalkenyl-C 3 .
  • Mi is a moiety having the structure of Formula Ml-Fl or M1-F2:
  • k is 0 or 1 ;
  • E 1 and E 2 are independently -(W 1 ⁇ -R 4 ;
  • j in each instance (i.e., in E 1 or j in E 2 ), is independently 0 or 1
  • W 1 is -0-, -NR 7 -, -S(O) 0-2 - -C(0)-,-C(0)N(RV, -N(R 7 )C(0)-, -N(R 7 )S(0)-, -N(R 7 )S(0) 2 - -C(0)0- -CH(R 7 )N(C(0)OR 8 H -CH(R 7 )N(C(0)R 8 )-, -CH(R 7 )N(S0 2 R 8 )-, - CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )-, -CH(R 7 )C(0)N(R 8 )-, -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )C(0)-, -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )S(0)-, or - CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )S(0) 2 -;
  • W 2 is -0-, -NR 7 -, -S(O) 0-2 -,-C(O)-,-C(O)N(R 7 )-, -N(R 7 )C(0)-, -N(R 7 )C(0)N(R 8 )-,-
  • loalkylheterocyclyl C 2-10 alkenyl, C 2- i 0 alkynyl, C 2 .i 0 alkenyl -Ci.ioalkyl, C 2 .i 0 alkynyl -Q. loalkyl, C 2 . 10 alkenylaryl, C 2 .ioalkenylheteroaryl, C 2 . 10 alkenylheteroalkyl, C 2- l oalkenylheterocyclcyl, C 2 .ioalkenyl-C3 -8 cycloalkyl, C 2 -ioalkynyl-C3. 8 cycloalkyl, C 2 .
  • loalkynylaryl C 2 -ioalkynylheteroaryl, C 2- i 0 alkynylheteroalkyl, C 2 .i 0 alkynylheterocyclyl, C 2- i 0 alkynyl-C 3 . 8 cycloalkenyl, Ci -10 alkoxy Ci.ioalkyl, Ci.ioalkoxy-C 2- i 0 alkenyl, Q.
  • R 31 , R 32 , and R 33 are independently H or C 1-10 alkyl , wherein the Cj.i 0 alkyl is unsubstituted or is substituted with one or more aryl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl group, wherein each of said aryl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl group is unsubstituted or is substituted with one or more halo, -OH, - Q.ioalkyl, -CF 3 , -O-aryl, -OCF3, -OC MO alkyl, -NH 2 , -N(Ci.
  • R 7 and R 8 are each independently hydrogen, Ci.ioalkyl, C 2- ioalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl or C 3- iocycloalkyl, each of which except for hydrogen is unsubstituted or is substituted by one or more independent R 6 ;
  • X 4 is C-R 9 .
  • the mTORCl/2 inhibitor is as defined above, wherein the compound is of Formula I-B:
  • the compound of Formula I-B or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is a c la I-B2:
  • Xi is N and X 2 is N. In other embodiments, Xi is C-E 1 and X 2 is N. In yet other embodiments, Xi is NH and X 2 is C.
  • Xi is CH-E 1 and X 2 is C.
  • Xi is N and X 2 is C. In further embodiments, Xi is C-E 1 and X 2 is C.
  • Xi is C-iW 1 ⁇ -R 4 , where j is 0.
  • Xi is CH.
  • Xi is C-halogen, where halogen is CI, F, Br, or I.
  • X l5 it is C - ⁇ W 1 ⁇ -R 4 .
  • W 1 is -0-.
  • W 1 is— NR 7 -.
  • W 1 is— NH-.
  • W 1 is— S(O) 0- 2-.
  • W 1 is— C(O)-.
  • W 1 is— C(0)N(R 7 )-.
  • X b j is 1, and W 1 is -N(R 7 )C(0)-.
  • W 1 is -N(R 7 )S(0)-.
  • X l5 j is 1, and W 1 is— N(R 7 )S(0) 2 -.
  • Wi is 1, and W 1 is -C(0)0-.
  • W 1 is CH(R 7 )N(C(0)OR 8 )-.
  • W 1 is -CH(R 7 )N(C(0)R 8 )-.
  • X b j various embodiments of X b j is 1, and W 1 is - CH(R 7 )N(S0 2 R 8 )- In various embodiments of X b j is 1, and W 1 is -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )-- In various embodiments of X j is 1, and W 1 is -CH(R 7 )C(0)N(R 8 )-. In various embodiments of X l5 j is 1, and W 1 is -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )C(0)-. In various embodiments of 3 ⁇ 4, j is 1, and W 1 is—
  • X] is CH 2 .
  • Xi is CH-halogen, where halogen is CI, F, Br, or I.
  • Xj is N.
  • X 2 is N. In other embodiments, X 2 is C.
  • E 2 is -(W 1 ⁇ -R 4 , where j is 0.
  • E 2 is CH. In yet another embodiment, E 2 is C-halogen, where halogen is CI, F, Br, or I.
  • E 2 it is -(W 1 ⁇ -R 4 .
  • j is 1, and W 1 is -O-.
  • W 1 is— NR 7 -.
  • i various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1 , and W 1 is— NH-.
  • W 1 is— S(0)o_2-.
  • W 1 is— C(O)-.
  • j is 1, and W 1 is— C(0)N(R 7 )-.
  • E 2 j is 1, and W 1 is -N(R 7 )C(0)-. In various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1, and W 1 is -N(R 7 )S(0)-. i various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1, and W 1 is— N(R 7 )S(0) 2 - In various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1, and W 1 is -C(0)0- In various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1, and W 1 is CH(R 7 )N(C(0)OR 8 )-. In various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1, and W 1 is -CH(R 7 )N(C(0)R 8 )-.
  • E 2 , j is 1, and W 1 is - CH(R 7 )N(S0 2 R 8 )-. In various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1, and W 1 is -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )-. In various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1, and W 1 is -CH(R 7 )C(0)N(R 8 )-- In various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1, and W 1 is -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )C(0)-. In various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1, and W 1 is—
  • Mj is benzoxazolyl substituted with -(W2) k -R 2 -
  • Mi is a benzoxazolyl substituted at the 2- position with -(W 2 ) j -R 2 .
  • Mi is either a 5- benzoxazolyl or a 6- benzoxazolyl moiety, optionally substituted at the 2-position with -(W 2 ) j -R 2 .
  • Exemplary Formula Ml-Fl Mi moieties include but are not limited to the following:
  • Formula M1-F2 is an aza-substituted benzoxazolyl moiety having a structure of one of the following formulae:
  • k is 0. In other embodiments of Mi, k is 1, and W 2 is selected from one of the following: -0-, -NR 7 -, -S(O) 0-2 - -C(O)-, -C(0)N(R 7 )-, - N(R 7 )C(0)-, or -N(R 7 )C(0)N(R 8 )-.
  • M k hi yet another embodiment of M k is 1, and W 2 is - N(R 7 )S(0)-, -N(R 7 )S(0) 2 - -C(0)0-, -CH(R 7 )N(C(0)OR 8 )-, -CH(R 7 )N(C(0)R 8 )-, or - CH(R 7 )N(S0 2 R 8 )-.
  • M b k is 1, and W 2 is -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )-, - CH(R 7 )C(0)N(R 8 )-, -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )C(0)-, or -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )S(0)-.
  • Mi k is 1, and W 2 is -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )S(0) 2 -.
  • the mTORCl/2 inhibitor is a compound of Formula I-C or Formula I-D:
  • Formula I-C Formula I-D or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X x is N or C-E 1 , X 2 is N, and X 3 is C; or Xi is N or C-E 1 , X 2 is C, and X 3 is N;
  • Ri is -H, -L-Ci_i 0 alkyl, -L-C3_gcycloalkyl, -L- Q.ioalkyl -Ca-gcycloalkyl, -L- aryl, -L-heteroaryl, - L-Ci.ioalkylaryl, -L- Ci.ioalkylheteroaryl, -L- Ci_i 0 alkylheterocyclyl, -L-C 2- ioalkenyl, -L- C 2 _i 0 alkynyl, -L-C2-ioalkenyl-C 3 _ 8 cycloalkyl, -L-C 2- ioalkynyl-C3_ 8 cycloalkyl, -L- heteroalkyl, -L-heteroalkylaryl, -L-heteroalkylheteroaryl, -L-heteroalkyl
  • E 1 and E 2 are independently -(W 1 ⁇ -R 4 ;
  • j in E 1 or j in E 2 is independently 0 or 1;
  • W 1 is -0-, -NR 7 -, -S(O) 0-2 -,-C(O)-,-C(O)N(R 7 )-, -N(R 7 )C(0)-, -N(R 7 )S(0)-, -N(R 7 )S(0) 2 - -C(0)0- -CH(R 7 )N(C(0)OR 8 )-, -CH(R 7 )N(C(0)R 8 )-, -CH(R 7 )N(S0 2 R 8 )-, - CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )-, -CH(R 7 )C(0)N(R 8 H -CH(R 7 )N(R g )C(0)-, -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )S(0)-, or - CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )S(0) 2 -;
  • W 2 is -0-, -NR 7 -, -S(0)o -2 - -C(0)-,-C(0)N(R 7 )-, -N(R 7 )C(0)-, -N(R 7 )C(0)N(R 8 )-, -
  • k is 0 or 1 ;
  • R 31 , R 32 , and R 33 are independently H or Ci.i 0 alkyl , wherein the Ci.i 0 alkyl is unsubstituted or is substituted with one or more aryl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl group, wherein each of said aryl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl group is unsubstituted or is substituted with one or more halo, -OH, - Ci-ioalkyl, -CF 3 , -O-aryl, -OCF 3 , -OC MO alkyl, -NH 2 , - NCC M oalkylXQ.ioalkyl), - NH(C I-10 alkyl), - NH( aryl), - NR 34 R 35 , -C(O)(C 1-10 alkyl), -C(O)(C 1-10 alkyl-aryl), -C(0)(aryl
  • the compound of Formula I-C has a structure of Formula I-Cl or Formula I-C2:
  • Xi is N and X 2 is N. In other embodiments, Xi is C-E 1 and X 2 is N. In yet other embodiments, Xi is NH and X 2 is C. In further embodiments, Xj is CH-E 1 and X 2 is C.
  • X[ is N and X 2 is C.
  • Xi is NH and X 2 is C.
  • Xi is CH-E 1 and X 2 is C.
  • the compound of Formula I-D has a structure of Formula I-Dl or Formula I-D2:
  • X t is N and X 2 is N.
  • X] is C-E 1 and X 2 is N.
  • Xi is NH and X 2 is C.
  • X] is CH-E 1 and X 2 is C.
  • Xj is N and X 2 is C.
  • Xj is N and X 2 is C.
  • Xi is C-iW ⁇ j -R 4 , where j is 0.
  • Xj is CH.
  • Xi is C-halogen, where halogen is CI, F, Br, or I.
  • X it is C -(W 1 ⁇ -R 4 .
  • W 1 is -0-.
  • W 1 is— NR 7 -.
  • Wi is 1, and W 1 is— NH-.
  • W 1 is— S(O) 0- 2-.
  • W 1 is— C(O)-.
  • X l5 j is 1 , and W 1 is— C(0)N(R 7 )-.
  • X j is 1, and W 1 is -N(R 7 )C(0)-.
  • W 1 is -N(R 7 )S(0)-.
  • Xi, j is 1
  • W 1 is— N(R 7 )S(0) 2 -.
  • W 1 is -C(0)0-.
  • W 1 is CH(R 7 )N(C(0)OR 8 )-.
  • W 1 is -CH(R 7 )N(C(0)R 8 )-.
  • X j is 1, and W 1 is - CH(R 7 )N(S0 2 R 8 )-. In various embodiments of X l5 j is 1 , and W 1 is -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 ⁇ - In various embodiments of X l5 j is 1, and W 1 is -CH(R 7 )C(0)N(R 8 )-. In various embodiments of Xi, j is 1, and W 1 is -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )C(0)-. In various embodiments of X j is 1, and W 1 is—
  • Xi is CH- ⁇ W 1 ⁇ -R 4 , where j is 0.
  • Xi is CH 2 .
  • Xi is CH-halogen, where halogen is CI, F, Br, or I.
  • Xj it is CH -(W 1 ⁇ -R 4 .
  • X ls j is 1
  • W 1 is -0-.
  • i various embodiments of X ls j is 1, and W 1 is— NR 7 -.
  • j is 1, and W 1 is— NH-.
  • W 1 is— S(0)o_2- i
  • X l9 j is 1, and W 1 is— C(O)-.
  • X l5 j is 1, and W 1 is— C(0)N(R 7 )-.
  • X j is 1, and W 1 is -N(R 7 )C(0)-. In various embodiments of X t , j is 1, and W 1 is -N(R 7 )S(0)-. hi various embodiments of Xi, j is 1, and W 1 is— N(R 7 )S(0) 2 - In various embodiments of Xi, j is 1, and W 1 is -C(0)0-. In various embodiments of X b j is 1, and W 1 is CH(R 7 )N(C(0)OR 8 )-. In various embodiments of Xi, j is 1 , and W 1 is -CH(R 7 )N(C(0)R 8 )-.
  • X ls j hi various embodiments of X ls j is 1, and W 1 is - CH(R 7 )N(S0 2 R 8 )-. hi various embodiments of X h j is 1 , and W 1 is -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )-. In various embodiments of X ls j is 1, and W 1 is -CH(R 7 )C(0)N(R 8 )-. In various embodiments of Xi, j is 1 , and W 1 is -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )C(0)-. In various embodiments of X 1; j is 1, and W 1 is—
  • Xi is N.
  • X 2 is N. In other embodiments, X 2 is C.
  • E 2 is -(W 1 ⁇ -R 4 , where j is 0.
  • E 2 is CH.
  • E 2 is C-halogen, where halogen is CI, F, Br, or I.
  • E 2 it is - ⁇ W 1 ), -R 4 .
  • j is 1, and W 1 is -0-.
  • W 1 is— NR 7 -.
  • W 1 is— NH-.
  • W 1 is— S(O) 0- 2-.
  • W 1 is— C(O)-.
  • W 1 is— C(0)N(R 7 )-.
  • E 2 j is 1, and W 1 is -N(R 7 )C(0)-. In various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1, and W 1 is -N(R 7 )S(0)-. In various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1, and W 1 is— N(R 7 )S(0) 2 -. In various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1, and W 1 is -C(0)0- In various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1, and W 1 is CH(R 7 )N(C(0)OR 8 )-. In various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1 , and W 1 is -CH(R 7 )N(C(0)R 8 )-.
  • E 2 In various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1, and W 1 is - CH(R 7 )N(S0 2 R 8 )-. In various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1, and W 1 is -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )-. In various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1, and W 1 is -CH(R 7 )C(0)N(R 8 )-. In various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1, and W 1 is -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )C(0)-. In various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1, and W 1 is—
  • E 2 j is 1, and W 1 is -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )S(0) 2 -.
  • k is 0. In other embodiments, k is 1 and W 2 is -0-. In another embodiment, k is 1 and W 2 is -NR 7 -. In yet another embodiment of, k is 1, and W 2 is -S(O) 0 . 2 -. In another embodiment of, k is 1 and W 2 is -C(O)-. In a further embodiment, k is 1 and W 2 is - C(0)N(R 7 )-. In another embodiment, k is 1, and W 2 is -N(R 7 )C(0)-. In another embodiment, k is 1 and W 2 is -N(R 7 )C(0)N(R 8 )-.
  • k is 1 and W 2 is -N(R 7 )S(0)-. In still yet another embodiment, k is 1 and W 2 is -N(R 7 )S(0) 2 - In a further embodiment, k is 1 and W 2 is -C(0)0-. In another embodiment, k is 1 and W 2 is -CH(R 7 )N(C(0)OR 8 )-. In another embodiment, k is 1 and W 2 is -CH(R 7 )N(G(0)R 8 )-. In another embodiment, k is 1 and W 2 is - CH(R 7 )N(S0 2 R 8 )-.
  • k is 1 and W 2 is -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )-. In another embodiment, k is 1 and W 2 is -CH(R 7 )C(0)N(R 8 )-. In yet another embodiment, k is 1 and W 2 is -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )C(0)-. In another embodiment, k is 1 and W 2 is -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )S(0)-. In yet another embodiment, k is 1 and W 2 is -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )S(0) 2 -.
  • the mTORCl/2 inhibitor is a compound of Formula I-E:
  • X ! is N or C-E 1 , X 2 is N, and X 3 is C; or Xi is N or C-E 1 , X 2 is C, and X 3 is N;
  • Ri is -H, -L-Ci.ioalkyl, -L-C 3-8 cycloalkyl, -L-Ci.i 0 alkyl -C 3 .gcycloalkyl, -L- aryl, -L-heteroaryl, - L-Ci.ioalkylaryl, -L- C 1-10 alkylheteroaryl, -L- Ci.i 0 alkylheterocyclyl, -L-C 2- ioalkenyl, -L- C 2- ioalkynyl, -L-C 2 _ioalkenyl-C3, 8 cycloalkyl, -L-C 2 .ioalkynyl-C3_ 8 cycloalkyl, -L- heteroalkyl, -L-heteroalkylaryl, -L-heteroalkylheteroaryl, -L-heteroalkyl
  • M! is a moiety having the structure of Formula Ml-Fl or Formula M1-F2:
  • k 0 or 1
  • E 1 and E 2 are independently -(W 1 ⁇ -R 4 ;
  • j in E 1 or j in E 2 is independently 0 or 1;
  • W 1 is -0-, -NR 7 -, -S(O) 0-2 -,-C(O)-,-C(O)N(R 7 )-, -N(R 7 )C(0)-, -N(R 7 )S(0)-,-N(R 7 )S(0) 2 - -C(0)0- -CH(R 7 )N(C(0)OR 8 )-, -CH(R 7 )N(C(0)R 8 )-, -CH(R 7 )N(S0 2 R 8 )-, - CH(R 7 )N(R 8 K -CH(R 7 )C(0)N(R 8 ⁇ -, -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )C(0)-, -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )S(0)-, or - CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )S(0) 2 -;
  • W 2 is -0-, -NR 7 -, -S(0)o-2-,-C(0)- -C(0)N(R 7 )-, -N(R 7 )C(0)-, -N(R 7 )C(0)N(R 8 - -
  • Ci_i 0 alkyl C 3 _ 8 cycloalkyl, Ci.ioalkyl-C 3- gcycloalkyl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl -Ci.i 0 alkyl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl -C 2- ioalkenyl, C 3 . 8 cycloalkyl- C 2- l oalkynyl, Ci -10 alkyl- C 2- i 0 alkenyl, Ci.ioalkyl- C 2- i 0 alkynyl, Ci.i 0 alkylaryl (e.g.
  • R 31 , R 32 , and R 33 are independently H or Ci_i 0 alkyl , wherein the Ci.ioalkyl is unsubstituted or is substituted with one or more aryl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl group wherein each of said aryl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl group is unsubstituted or is substituted with one or more halo, -OH, - Ci.
  • R 7 and R 8 are each independently hydrogen, Ci.ioalkyl, C 2- ioalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl or C3.iocycloalkyl, each of which except for hydrogen is unsubstituted or is substituted by one or more independent R 6 ;
  • the compound of Formula I-E has a structure of Formula I-El or Formula I-E2:
  • Xi is N and X 2 is ' N. In other embodiments, Xi is C-E 1 and X 2 is N. In yet other embodiments, Xj is NH and X 2 is C. In further embodiments, Xi is CH-E 1 and X 2 is C.
  • X] is N and X 2 is C.
  • Xi is C-E 1 and X 2 is C.
  • X ! is C-fW ⁇ j -R 4 , where j is 0.
  • Xi is CH. In yet another embodiment, Xi is C-halogen, where halogen is CI, F, Br, or I.
  • Xi it is C -(W 1 ⁇ -R 4 .
  • j is 1, and W 1 is -0-.
  • W 1 is— NR 7 -.
  • W 1 is— NH-.
  • W 1 is— S(O) 0-2 -.
  • W 1 is— C(O)-.
  • W 1 is— C(0)N(R 7 )-.
  • X h j is 1, and W 1 is -N(R 7 )C(0)-.
  • X b j is 1, and W 1 is -N(R 7 )S(0)-.
  • W 1 is— N(R 7 )S(0) 2 -
  • W 1 is -C(0)0-.
  • W, j is 1, and W 1 is CH(R 7 )N(C(0)OR 8 )-.
  • Xi j is 1, and W 1 is -CH(R 7 )N(C(0)R 8 )-.
  • X j is 1, and W 1 is - CH(R 7 )N(S0 2 R 8 )-.
  • W 1 is -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )-.
  • X b j is 1, and W 1 is -CH(R 7 )C(0)N(R 8 )-.
  • Xi, j is 1, and W 1 is -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )C(0)-.
  • W 1 is—
  • X] is N.
  • X 2 is N. In other embodiments, X 2 is C.
  • E 2 is -(W 1 ⁇ -R 4 , where j is 0.
  • E 2 is CH. In yet another embodiment, E 2 is C-halogen, where halogen is CI, F, Br, or I.
  • E 2 it is -(W 1 ⁇ -R 4 .
  • j is 1, and W 1 is -0-.
  • W 1 is— R 7 -.
  • W 1 is— NH-.
  • W 1 is— S(O) 0-2 -.
  • W 1 is— C(O)-.
  • j is 1, and W 1 is— C(0)N(R 7 )-.
  • E 2 j is 1, and W 1 is -N(R 7 )C(0)-. In various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1, and W 1 is -N(R 7 )S(0)-. In various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1, and W 1 is— N(R 7 )S(0) 2 -. In various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1, and W 1 is -C(0)0- In various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1, and W 1 is CH(R 7 )N(C(0)OR 8 )-. In various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1, and W 1 is -CH(R 7 )N(C(0)R 8 )-.
  • E 2 In various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1, and W 1 is - CH(R 7 )N(S0 2 R 8 )-. In various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1, and W 1 is -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )-. In various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1, and W 1 is -CH(R 7 )C(0)N(R 8 )-. In various embodiments of E , j is 1, and W 1 is -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )C(0)-. In various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1, and W 1 is—
  • Mi is benzoxazolyl substituted with -(W 2 ) k -R 2 .
  • Mi is a benzoxazolyl moiety, substituted at the 2-position with -(W 2 ) k -R 2 .
  • Mi is either a 5- benzoxazolyl or a 6- benzoxazolyl moiety, optionally substituted with -(W 2 ) k -R 2 .
  • Exemplary Formula I-El Mi moieties include but are not limited to the following:
  • Formula I-E2 is an aza-
  • Exemplary Formula I-E2 Mi moieties include but are not limited to the following:
  • k is 0. In other embodiments of Mi, k is 1 and W 2 is -0-. In another embodiment of Mi, k is 1 and W 2 is -NR 7 -. In yet another embodiment of Mi, k is 1 and W 2 is -S(0)o-2- In another embodiment of Mi, k is 1 and W 2 is -C(O)-. In a further embodiment of Mi, k is 1 and W 2 is -C(0)N(R 7 )-. In another embodiment of Mi, k is 1 and W 2 is -N(R 7 )C(0)-. In another embodiment, k is 1 and W 2 is -N(R 7 )C(0)-. In another embodiment, k is 1 and W 2 is -N(R 7 )C(0)N(R 8 )-.
  • k is 1 and W 2 is -N(R 7 )S(0)-.
  • Mi k is 1 and W 2 is -N(R 7 )S(0) 2 -.
  • M k is 1 and W 2 is -C(0)0-.
  • M b k is 1 and W 2 is -CH(R 7 )N(C(0)OR 8 )-- hi another embodiment of M b k is 1 and W 2 is -CH(R 7 )N(C(0)R 8 )-.
  • k is 1 and W 2 is - CH(R 7 )N(S0 2 R 8 )-.
  • M h k is 1 and W 2 is -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )-.
  • M u k is 1 and W 2 is -CH(R 7 )C(0)N(R 8 )-.
  • M b k is 1 and W 2 is -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )C(0)-.
  • k is 1 and W 2 is - CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )S(0)-.
  • M k is 1 and W 2 is -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )S(0) 2 -.
  • L is -NR 31 - .
  • Ri is -L-Ci_i 0 alkyl, which is unsubstituted.
  • R ! is -L-Ci.i 0 alkyl, which is substituted by one or more independent R 3 .
  • Ri is -L- unsubstituted Ci. 10 alkyl, where L is absent.
  • Ri is -L-Ci.i 0 alkyl, which is substituted by one or more independent R 3 , and L is absent.
  • Ri is -L-C 3-8 cycloalkyl, which is unsubstituted.
  • Ri is L-C 3-8 cycloalkyl, which is substituted by one or more independent R 3 .
  • Ri is -L-C 3 . 8 cycloalkyl, which is unsubstituted, and L is absent.
  • Rj is -L-C3.gcycloalkyl which is substituted by one or more independent R 3 , and L is absent.
  • Ri is H.
  • Ri is -L- aryl, which is
  • Ri is -L- aryl, which is substituted by one or more independent R 3 .
  • Ri is -L- aryl which is unsubstituted, and L is absent.
  • Ri is -L- aryl, which is substituted by one or more independent R 3 , and L is absent.
  • Ri is -L-heteroaryl, which is unsubstituted.
  • Ri is -L-heteroaryl, which is substituted by one or more independent R 3 .
  • Ri is -L-heteroaryl which is unsubstituted and L is absent.
  • Ri is -L- heteroaryl, which is substituted by one or more independent R 3 , and L is absent.
  • Ri is - L- Ci -10 alkyl -C 3 suddenlygcycloalkyl, which is unsubstituted.
  • Ri is - L- Q.ioalkyl -C3_ 8 cycloalkyl, which is substituted by one or more independent R 3 .
  • Ri is - L- Ci -10 alkyl -C 3 _ gcycloalkyl which is unsubstituted and L is absent.
  • Ri is - L- Q. l oalkyl -C 3 .gcycloalkyl, which is substituted by one or more independent R 3 , and L is absent.
  • Ri is - L-Q.ioalkylaryl, which is unsubstituted.
  • Ri is - L-Ci_i 0 alkylaryl, which is substituted by one or more independent R 3 .
  • Ri is - L-Ci.i 0 alkylaryl which is unsubstituted and L is absent.
  • 3 ⁇ 4 is - L-Ci.i 0 alkylaryl, which is substituted by one or more independent R 3 , where L is absent.
  • Ri is -L- Ci -10 alkylheteroaryl, which is unsubstituted.
  • Ri is -L- Ci.ioalkylheteroaryl, which is substituted by one or more independent R 3 .
  • Ri is -L- Ci.ioalkylheteroaryl which is unsubstituted and L is absent.
  • Ri is -L- Ci.ioalkylheteroaryl, which is substituted by one or more independent R 3 , where L is absent.
  • Ri is -L- Ci.ioalkylheterocyclyl, which is unsubstituted.
  • Ri is -L- Ci.ioalkylheterocyclyl, which is substituted by one or more independent R 3 .
  • Ri is -L- Q.
  • Ri is -L- Ci.ioalkylheterocyclyl, which is substituted by one or more independent R 3 , where L is absent.
  • Ri is -L-C 2 .ioalkenyl, which is unsubstituted.
  • Ri is -L-C 2 -ioalkenyl which is substituted by one or more independent R 3 .
  • Ri is -L-C 2- i 0 alkenyl which is unsubstituted and L is absent.
  • Ri is -L-C 2 -ioalkenyl, which is substituted by one or more independent R 3 , where L is absent.
  • Ri is -L-C 2 .i 0 alkynyl, which is unsubstituted.
  • Rj is -L-C 2 .i 0 alkynyl which is substituted by one or more independent R 3 .
  • Ri is -L-C 2 .ioalkynyl which is unsubstituted and L is absent.
  • Ri is -L-C 2 .i 0 alkynyl, which is substituted by one or more independent R 3 , where L is absent.
  • Ri is -L-C 2 .ioalkenyl-C 3 . 8 cycloalkyl, which is unsubstituted.
  • Ri is -L-C 2 _i 0 alkenyl-C 3 .gcycloalkyl which is substituted by one or more independent R 3 .
  • Ri is -L-C 2 .ioalkenyl-C 3 . gcycloalkyl which is unsubstituted and L is absent.
  • Ri is -L-C 2 . ioalkenyl-C3_ 8 cycloalkyl, which is substituted by one or more independent R 3 , where L is absent.
  • Ri is -L-C 2 .ioalkynyl-C 3 .gcycloalkyl, which is unsubstituted.
  • Ri is -L-C 2 .ioalkynyl-C 3 .gcycloalkyl which is substituted by one or more independent R 3 .
  • Ri is -L-C 2 .i 0 alkynyl-C 3 . scycloalkyl which is unsubstituted and L is absent, hi yet another embodiment, Ri is -L-C 2 . ioalkynyl-C 3 .
  • Ri is -L-C 2 -ioalkynyl-C3.gcycloalkyl, which is unsubstituted.
  • Ri is -L-C 2- ioalkynyl-C3. 8 cycloalkyl which is substituted by one or more independent R 3 .
  • Ri is -L-C 2 .i 0 alkynyl-C 3- 8 cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted and L is absent.
  • Ri is -L-C 2- ioalkynyl-C 3-8 cycloalkyl, which is substituted by one or more independent R 3 , where L is absent.
  • Ri is -L-heteroalkyl, which is unsubstituted.
  • Ri is -L-heteroalkyl which is substituted by one or more independent R 3 .
  • Ri is -L-heteroalkyl which is unsubstituted and L is absent.
  • Ri is -L-heteroalkyl, which is substituted by one or more independent R 3 , where L is absent.
  • Ri is -L-heteroalkylaryl, which is unsubstituted.
  • Ri is -L-heteroalkylaryl which is substituted by one or more independent R 3 .
  • Ri is -L-heteroalkylaryl which is unsubstituted and L is absent.
  • Ri is -L-heteroalkylaryl, which is substituted by one or more independent R 3 , where L is absent.
  • Ri is -L-heteroalkylheteroaryl, which is unsubstituted.
  • Ri is -L-heteroalkylheteroaryl, which is substituted by one or more independent R 3 .
  • Ri is -L- heteroalkylheteroaryl which is unsubstituted and L is absent.
  • Ri is - L-heteroalkylheteroaryl, which is substituted by one or more independent R 3 , where L is absent.
  • Ri is -L-heteroalkyl-heterocyclyl, which is unsubstituted.
  • Ri is -L-heteroalkyl-heterocyclyl, which is substituted by one or more independent R 3 .
  • Ri is -L-heteroalkyl- heterocyclyl which is unsubstituted, and L is absent.
  • Ri is -L- heteroalkyl-heterocyclyl, which is substituted by one or more independent R 3 , where L is absent.
  • Ri is -L-heteroalkyl-C 3-8 cycloalkyl, which is unsubstituted.
  • Ri is -L-heteroalkyl-C 3 . 8 cycloalkyl, which is substituted by one or more independent R 3 .
  • Ri is -L-heteroalkyl-C 3 _ scycloalkyl which is unsubstituted and L is absent.
  • Ri is -L- heteroalkyl-C 3-8 cycloalkyl, which is substituted by one or more independent R 3 , where L is absent.
  • R t is -L-aralkyl, which is unsubstituted.
  • Ri is -L-aralkyl, which is substituted by one or more independent R 3 .
  • Rj is -L-aralkyl which is unsubstituted.
  • R ! is -L-aralkyl, which is substituted by one or more independent R 3 , where L is absent.
  • Ri is -L-heteroaralkyl, which is unsubstituted.
  • R ! is -L-heteroaralkyl, which is substituted by one or more independent R 3 .
  • Ri is -L-heteroaralkyl which is unsubstituted and L is absent.
  • R ! is -L-heteroaralkyl, which is substituted by one or more independent R 3 , where L is absent.
  • Rj is -L-heterocyclyl, which is unsubstituted.
  • R x is -L-heterocyclyl, which is substituted by one or more independent R 3 .
  • Ri is -L-heterocyclyl which is unsubstituted and L is absent.
  • Ri is -L- heterocyclyl, which is substituted by one or more inde endent R 3 , where L is absent.
  • R 2 is -P(0)OR 3I OR 32 .
  • R 2 is monocyclic aryl.
  • R 2 is bicyclic aryl.
  • R 2 is substituted monocyclic aryl.
  • R 2 is heteroaryl.
  • R 2 is Ci_ 4 alkyl.
  • R 2 is Cj.ioalkyl.
  • R 2 is C 3-8 cycloalkyl.
  • R 2 is C 3-8 cycloalkyl- Ci -10 alkyl.
  • R 2 is Ci.i 0 alkyl -C 3-8 cycloalkyl.
  • R 2 is Q.ioalkyl- monocyclic aryl. In another embodiment, R 2 is C2-ioalkyl-monocyclic aryl. In another embodiment, R 2 is monocyclic aryl- C 2- ioalkyl. In another embodiment, R 2 is Ci-ioalkyl- bicyclicaryl. In another embodiment, R 2 is bicyclicaryl- Ci.i 0 alkyl. In another embodiment, R 2 is - Ci.ioalkylheteroaryl. In another embodiment, R 2 is - Ci.ioalkylheterocyclyl. In another embodiment, R 2 is -C2-ioalkenyl. In another embodiment, R 2 is -C 2- ioalkynyl.
  • R 2 is C2-ioalkenylaryl. In another embodiment, R 2 is C2-ioalkenylheteroaryl. In another embodiment, R 2 is C 2 -ioalkenylheteroalkyl. In another embodiment, R 2 is C 2- 10 alkenylheterocyclcyl. In another embodiment, R 2 is -C 2 .ioalkynylaryl. In another embodiment, R 2 is -C 2 -ioalkynylheteroaryl. In another embodiment, R 2 is -C 2 -ioalkynylheteroalkyl. In another embodiment, R 2 is -C 2- i 0 alkynylheterocyclyl.
  • R 2 is -C2-ioalkynylC 3 . gcycloalkyl. In another embodiment, R 2 is -C 2 .ioalkynylC 3-8 cycloalkenyl. In another embodiment, R 2 is - Ci.ioalkoxy-Ci.ioalkyl. In another embodiment, R 2 is - In another embodiment, R 2 is - Ci.ioalkoxy-C 2 -ioalkynyl. In another embodiment, R 2 is - heterocyclyl Q.ioalkyl. In another embodiment, R 2 is heterocyclylC 2 _ioalkenyl. In another embodiment, R 2 is heterocyclylC2-ioalkynyl.
  • R 2 is aryl-C 2 _ioalkyl. In another embodiment, R 2 is aryl-Ci.ioalkyl. In another embodiment, R 2 is aryl-C 2 .i 0 alkenyl. In another embodiment, R 2 is aryl-C2-ioalkynyl. In another embodiment, R 2 is aryl-heterocyclyl. In another embodiment, R 2 is heteroaryl- Ci -10 alkyl. In another embodiment, R 2 is heteroaryl-C 2 . l oalkenyl. In another embodiment, R 2 is heteroaryl-C2_ioalkynyl. . In another embodiment, R 2 is heteroaryl- CVscycloalkyl. In another embodiment, R 2 is heteroaryl- heteroalkyl. In another embodiment, R 2 is heteroaryl- heterocyclyl.
  • R 3 is -P(0)OR 31 OR 32 .
  • R 3 is aryl.
  • R 2 is heteroaryl.
  • R 3 is C 1-4 alkyl.
  • R 3 is Ci.i 0 alkyl.
  • R 3 is C 3 . 8 cycloalkyl.
  • R 3 is C 3-8 cycloalkyl- Ci.i 0 alkyl.
  • R 3 is - C . l oalkyl -C 3 .gcycloalkyl.
  • R 3 is C 2- i 0 alkyl-monocyclic aryl.
  • R 3 is monocyclic aryl- C 2-]0 alkyl. In another embodiment, R 3 is C 1-10 alkyl- bicyclicaryl. In another embodiment, R 3 is bicyclicaryl- Ci.ioalkyl. In another embodiment, R 3 is Ci.i 0 alkylheteroaryl. In another embodiment, R 3 is Ci.i 0 alkylheterocyclyl. In another
  • R 3 is C 2-10 alkenyl. In another embodiment, R 3 is C 2- i 0 alkynyl. In another embodiment, R 3 is C 2 _i 0 alkenylaryl. In another embodiment, R 3 is C 2 . 10 alkenylheteroaryl. In another embodiment, R 3 is C 2 .i 0 alkenylheteroalkyl. In another embodiment, R 3 is C 2 .
  • R 3 is -C 2 _ioalkynylaryl. In another embodiment, R 3 is -C 2- ioalkynylheteroaryl. In another embodiment, R 3 is -C 2- ioalkynylheteroalkyl. In another embodiment, R 3 is C 2 .i 0 alkynylheterocyclyl. In another embodiment, R 3 is -C 2 .i 0 alkynylC 3- gcycloalkyl. In another embodiment, R 3 is C 2 _ioalkynylC 3-8 cycloalkenyl.
  • R 3 is - Ci.ioalkoxy-Q.ioalkyl. In another embodiment, R 3 is Ci_i 0 alkoxy-C 2 .i 0 alkenyl. In another embodiment, R 3 is - Ci_ioalkoxy-C 2- ioalkynyl. In another embodiment, R 3 is heterocyclyl- Ci_ l oalkyl. In another embodiment, R 3 is -heterocyclylC 2 .i 0 alkenyl. In another embodiment, R 3 is heterocyclyl-C 2- i 0 alkynyl. In another embodiment, R 3 is aryl-Ci.ioalkyl.
  • R 3 is aryl-C 2- ioalkenyl. In another embodiment, R 3 is aryl-C 2 _i 0 alkynyl. In another embodiment, R 3 is aryl-heterocyclyl. In another embodiment, R 3 is heteroaryl- Ci -10 alkyl. In another embodiment, R 3 is heteroaryl-C 2- i 0 alkenyl. In another embodiment, R 3 is heteroaryl-C 2- i 0 alkynyl. In another embodiment, R 3 is heteroaryl- C 3 . 8 cycloalkyl. In another embodiment, R 3 is heteroaryl- heteroalkyl. In another embodiment, R 3 is heteroaryl- heterocyclyl.
  • R 4 is -N0 2 .
  • R 4 is -CN.
  • R 4 is -S(O) 0 _ 2 R 3
  • R 4 is -S0 2 NR 31 R 32 .
  • R 4 is - S0 2 NR 34 R 35 .
  • R 4 is -NR 31 S(OV 2 R 32 .
  • R 4 is Ci.ioalkylheteroaryl. In another embodiment, R 4 is Ci_ l oalkylheterocyclyl. In another embodiment, R 4 is C 2 _i 0 alkenyl. In another embodiment, R 4 is C 2 . l oalkynyl. In another embodiment, R 4 is C _i 0 alkynyl- C 3-8 cycloalkyl. R 4 is C 2- i 0 alkenyl- C 3- scycloalkyl. In another embodiment, R 4 is C 2- ioalkenylaryl. In another embodiment, R 4 is C 2- l oalkenyl-heteroaryl.
  • R 4 is C 2 .i 0 alkenylheteroalkyl. In another embodiment, R 4 is C 2- i 0 alkenylheterocyclcyl. In another embodiment, R 4 is -C 2- i 0 alkynylaryl. In another embodiment, R 4 is C 2 _ioalkynylheteroaryl. In another embodiment, R 4 is C 2- l oalkynylheteroalkyl. In another embodiment, R 4 is C 2 _ioalkynylheterocyclyl. In another embodiment, R 4 is C 2 _ioalkynylC 3 _ 8 cycloalkyl.
  • R 4 is heterocyclyl Ci_ l oalkyl. In another embodiment, R 4 is heterocyclylC 2- i 0 alkenyl. In another embodiment, R 4 is heterocyclyl-C 2- ioalkynyl. In another embodiment, R 4 is aryl- Ci.ioalkyl. In another embodiment, R 4 is aryl-C 2- i 0 alkenyl. In another embodiment, R 4 is aryl-C 2 .i 0 alkynyl. In another embodiment, R 4 is aryl-heterocyclyl. In another embodiment, R 4 is heteroaryl- Ci.ioalkyl. In another embodiment, R 4 is heteroaryl-C2_ioalkenyl. In another embodiment, R 4 is heteroaryl-C2-ioalkynyl. In another embodiment, R 4 is C 3 . 8 cycloalkyl- Ci.i 0 alkyl. In another embodiment, R 4 is C 3 .
  • R 4 is C 3-8 cycloalkyl- C 2 _ioalkynyl.
  • R s is hydrogen.
  • R 5 is halogen.
  • R 5 is -OH.
  • R 5 is - R 31 .
  • R 5 is -CF 3 .
  • R 5 is -OCF 3 .
  • R 5 is -OR 31 .
  • R 5 is -NR 31 R 32 .
  • R 5 is -NR 34 R 35 .
  • R 5 is -C(0)R 31 .
  • R 5 is -C0 2 R 31 .
  • R 5 is -N0 2 .
  • R 5 is -CN.
  • R 5 is -S(0)o- 2 R 31 .
  • R 5 is -S0 2 NR 31 R 32 .
  • R 5 is - S0 2 NR 3 R 35 .
  • R 5 is -NR 31 S(0)o 2 R 32 .
  • R 7 is hydrogen. In another embodiment, R 7 is unsubstituted Q.ioalkyl. In another embodiment, R 7 is unsbustituted C 2- l oalkenyl. In another embodiment, R 7 is unsubstituted aryl. In another embodiment, R 7 is unsubstituted heteroaryl. In another embodiment, R 7 is unsubstituted heterocyclyl. In another embodiment, R 7 is unsubstituted C 3- i 0 cycloalkyl. In another embodiment, R 7 is Ci.i 0 alkyl substituted by one or more independent R 6 .
  • R 7 is C 2- i 0 alkenyl substituted by one or more independent R 6 .
  • R 7 is aryl substituted by one or more independent R 6 .
  • R 7 is heteroaryl substituted by one or more independent R 6 .
  • R 7 is heterocycly substituted by one or more independent R 6 .
  • R 7 is C 3 _iocycloalkyl substituted by one or more independent R 6 .
  • R 8 is hydrogen. In another embodiment, R 8 is unsubstituted C ⁇ oalkyl. hi another embodiment, R 8 is unsubstituted C 2 _ l oalkenyl. In another embodiment, R 8 is unsubstituted aryl. In another embodiment, R 8 is unsubstituted heteroaryl. In another embodiment, R 8 is unsubstituted heterocyclyl. In another embodiment, R is unsubstituted C3.iocycloalkyl. In another embodiment, R is Ci_ 10 alkyl substituted by one or more independent R 6 . In another embodiment, R 8 is C 2- ioalkenyl substituted by one or more independent R 6 .
  • R 8 is aryl substituted by one or more independent R 6 . In another embodiment, R 8 is heteroaryl substituted by one or more independent R 6 . In another embodiment, R 8 is heterocyclyl substituted by one or more independent R 6 . In another embodiment, R 8 is Q-iocycloalkyl substituted by one or more independent R 6 .
  • R 6 is -S(O) 0 _2 Ci.ioalkyl. In another embodiment, R 6 is -S(O) 0 2aryl. In another embodiment, R 6 is -S0 2 NR 34 R 35 . In another embodiment, R 6 is -S0 2 NR 31 R 32 . In another embodiment, R 6 is Ci.ioalkyl. In another embodiment, R 6 is C 2 .ioalkenyl. In another embodiment, R 6 is C2-ioalkynyl. In another embodiment, R 6 is unsubstituted aryl-Ci.ioalkyl. In another embodiment, R 6 is unsubstituted aryl- C2-ioalkenyl.
  • R 6 is unsubstituted aryl-C 2- ioalkynyl. In another embodiment, R 6 is unsubstituted heteroaryl-Ci.i 0 alkyl. In another embodiment, R 6 is unsubstituted heteroaryl-C 2- ioalkenyl. In another embodiment, R 6 is aryl-Ci_i 0 alkyl, aryl-Q. l oalkenyl, aryl-C 2 .ioalkynyl, heteroaryl-Q_i 0 alkyl, or heteroaryl-C 2- ioalkenyl substituted by one or more independent halo.
  • R 6 is aryl-Q.i 0 alkyl, aryl-C 2- ioalkenyl, aryl-C 2- i 0 alkynyl, heteroaryl-Ci.i 0 alkyl, or heteroaryl-C 2- ioalkenyl substituted by one or more independent cyano.
  • R 6 is aryl-Q.ioalkyl, aryl-C2_ioalkenyl, aryl-C 2 .ioalkynyl, heteroaryl-Ci-ioalkyl, or heteroaryl-C 2- ioalkenyl substituted by one or more independent nitro.
  • R 6 is aryl-Ci.ioalkyl, aryl-C2-ioalkenyl, aryl-C2-ioalkynyl, heteroaryl-Q_ l oalkyl, or heteroaryl-Q.ioalkenyl substituted by one or more independent -OQ.ioalkyl.
  • R 6 is aryl-Q.ioalkyl, aryl-Q-ioalkenyl, aryl-C2-ioalkynyl, heteroaryl-Ci. l oalkyl, or heteroaryl-Q-ioalkenyl substituted by one or more independent -Q. ⁇ alkyl.
  • R 6 is aryl-Ci.i 0 alkyl, aryl-Q-ioalkenyl, aryl-C 2 -ioalkynyl, heteroaryl-Ci.i 0 alkyl, or heteroaryl-C2-ioalkenyl substituted by one or more independent - Q-ioalkenyl.
  • R 6 is aryl-Q.i 0 alkyl, aryl-C 2 .ioalkenyl, aryl-Q-ioalkynyl, heteroaryl-Q.i 0 alkyl, or heteroaryl-C 2- ioalkenyl substituted by one or more independent - Q-ioalkynyl.
  • R 6 is aryl-Q.i 0 alkyl, aryl-C 2- ioalkenyl, aryl-C 2- ioalkynyl, heteroaryl-Q.i 0 alkyl, or heteroaryl-C2-ioalkenyl substituted by one or more independent -(halo)Q_i 0 alkyl.
  • R 6 is aryl-Q.ioalkyl, aryl-C 2- ioalkenyl, aryl-C 2- ioalkynyl, heteroaryl-Ci.ioalkyl, or heteroaryl-C 2 -ioalkenyl substituted by one or more independent - (halo)C 2 -ioalkenyl.
  • R 6 is aryl-Ci.i 0 alkyl, aryl-C 2- ioalkenyl, aryl-C 2- ioalkynyl, heteroaryl-Ci.ioalkyl, or heteroaryl-C 2 .ioalkenyl substituted by one or more independent - (halo)C 2- ioalkynyl.
  • R 6 is aryl-Ci.ioalkyl, aryl-C 2 _ioalkenyl, aryl-C 2- ioalkynyl, heteroaryl-Ci.ioalkyl, or heteroaryl-C 2- i 0 alkenyl substituted by one or more independent -COOH.
  • aryl-C 2- ioalkenyl aryl-C 2- ioalkynyl
  • heteroaryl-Ci.ioalkyl or heteroaryl-C 2- i 0 alkenyl substituted by one or more independent -CO
  • R 6 is aryl-Ci.i 0 alkyl, aryl-C 2 -ioalkenyl, aryl-C 2- ioalkynyl, heteroaryl-Ci.ioalkyl, or heteroaryl-C 2 .ioalkenyl substituted by one or more independent -S0 2 NR 34 R 35 .
  • R 6 is aryl-Ci.i 0 alkyl, aryl-C 2- i 0 alkenyl, aryl-C 2- ioalkynyl, heteroaryl-Ci.ioalkyl, or heteroaryl-C 2 -ioalkenyl substituted by one or more independent -SO 2 R 31 R 32 .
  • R 6 is aryl-Ci_i 0 alkyl, aryl-C 2- i 0 alkenyl, aryl-C 2- i 0 alkynyl, heteroaryl-Ci.ioalkyl, or heteroaryl-C 2 -ioalkenyl substituted by one or more independent -NR 31 R 32 .
  • R 6 is aryl-Ci-i 0 alkyl, aryl-C 2 -ioalkenyl, aryl-C 2 _i 0 alkynyl, heteroaryl-Ci.ioalkyl, or heteroaryl-C 2 .i 0 alkenyl substituted by one or more independent -NR 34 R 35 .
  • R 9 is -S(O) 0 - 2 Ci-ioalkyl. In another embodiment, R 9 is -S(O) o- 2 aryl. In another embodiment, R 9 is -S0 2 NR 34 R 35 . In another embodiment, R 9 is -S0 2 NR 31 R 32 . In another embodiment, R 9 is Ci_ l oalkyl. In another embodiment, R 9 is C 2- i 0 alkenyl. In another embodiment, R 9 is C 2- i 0 alkynyl. In another embodiment, R 9 is unsubstituted aryl-Ci.i 0 alkyl.
  • R 9 is unsubstituted aryl-C 2- i 0 alkenyl. In another embodiment, R 9 is unsubstituted aiyl-C 2- i 0 alkynyl. In another embodiment, R 9 is unsubstituted heteroaryl-Ci.ioalkyl. hi another embodiment, R 9 is unsubstituted heteroaryl-C 2 .i 0 alkenyl. In another embodiment, R 9 is aryl-Q.ioalkyl, aryl-C 2 . l oalkenyl, aryl-C 2 -ioalkynyl, heteroaryl-Ci.ioalkyl, or heteroaryl-C 2 .
  • R 9 is aryl-Ci.i 0 alkyl, aryl-C 2 .i 0 alkenyl, aryl-C 2 . l oalkynyl, heteroaryl-Ci.ioalkyl, or heteroaryl-C 2 _i 0 alkenyl substituted by one or more independent cyano.
  • R 9 is aryl-Ci.i 0 alkyl, aryl-C2-ioalkenyl, aryl-C 2 -ioalkynyl, heteroaryl-Ci.ioalkyl, or heteroaryl-C2-ioalkenyl substituted by one or more independent nitro.
  • R 31 is H.
  • R 31 is unsubstituted Ci.ioalkyl.
  • R 31 is substituted Ci_i 0 alkyl.
  • R 3I is Ci_i 0 alkyl substituted with one or more aryl.
  • R 1 is Q. l oalkyl substituted with one or more heteroalkyl.
  • R 31 is Ci.ioalkyl substituted with one or more heterocyclyl.
  • R 31 is Ci.ioalkyl substituted with one or more heteroaryl.
  • R 32 is H. In some embodiments, R 32 is unsubstituted Ci.ioalkyl. In some embodiments, R 32 is substituted Ci.ioalkyl. In some embodiments, R 32 is Ci.ioalkyl substituted with one or more aryl. In some embodiments, R 32 is Q. l oalkyl substituted with one or more heteroalkyl. In some embodiments, R 32 is Ci.ioalkyl substituted with one or more heterocyclyl. In some embodiments, R 32 is Ci.ioalkyl substituted with one or more heteroaryl.
  • R 33 is unsubstituted Ci.ioalkyl. In some embodiments, R 33 is substituted Ci.ioalkyl. In some embodiments, R 33 is Ci.ioalkyl substituted with one or more aryl. In some embodiments, R 33 is Ci.ioalkyl substituted with one or more heteroalkyl. In some embodiments, R 33 is Ci.ioalkyl substituted with one or more heterocyclyl. In some embodiments, R 33 is Ci.ioalkyl substituted with one or more heteroaryl.
  • X x is C— NH 2 .
  • Xj is C— NH -R 4 ,where -NH-R 4 is:
  • the invention provides an inhibitor of Formula I-Cl where R 5 is H. In another embodiment, the invention provides an inhibitor of Formula I-C2 where R 5 is H.
  • the mTORCl/2 inhibitor is a compound of Formula I-Cl a:
  • E 2 is -H
  • Ri is -L-Ci_i 0 alkyl, -L-C3. 8 cycloalkyl, -L- Ci.ioalkylheterocyclyl, or -L-heterocyclyl, each of which is unsubstituted or is substituted by one or more independent R 3 ;
  • -(W 2 ) k - is -NH-, -N(H)C(0)- or -N(H)S(0) 2 -;
  • loalkylheterocyclyl C 2- ioalkenyl, C 2 -ioalkynyl, C 2 -ioalkenylaryl, C 2- ioalkenylheteroaryl, C 2 .i 0 alkenylheteroalkyl, C 2-10 alkenylheterocyclcyl, C 2 .i 0 alkynylaryl, C 2- l oalkynylheteroaryl, C2-ioalkynylheteroalkyl, C 2 -ioalkynylheterocyclyl, C 2 .i 0 alkenyl-C 3- gcycloalkyl, Q_i 0 alkynyl-Q -8 cycloalkenyl, Q.ioalkoxy Ci.i 0 alkyl, Ci.ioalkoxyC 2- ioalkenyl, Ci.ioalkoxyC 2- ioalkynyl, heterocycl
  • R , R , and R in each instance, are independently H or Q.ioalkyl, wherein the Q.ioalkyl is unsubstituted;
  • the mTORCl/2 inhibitor of Formula I-Cl is a compound of Formula I- Cla:
  • Ri is -L-Ci.ioalkyl, -L-C 3-8 cycloalkyl, -L- Ci.ioalkylheterocyclyl, or -L-heterocyclyl, each of which is unsubstituted or is substituted by one or more independent R 3 ;
  • -(W 2 ) k - is -NH-, -N(H)C(0)- or -N(H)S(0) 2 -;
  • R , R , and R in each instance, are independently H or Ci_i 0 alkyl, wherein the Ci.ioalkyl is unsubstituted;
  • the mTORCl/2 inhibitor is a compound of Formula I-A:
  • Xi is N or C-E 1 , X 2 is N, X 3 is C, and X 4 is C-R 9 or N; or ⁇ ⁇ is N or C-E 1 , X 2 is C, X 3 is N, and X 4 is C-R 9 or N;
  • Ri is -H, -L-Ci_i 0 alkyl, -L-C 3-8 cycloalkyl, -L-Ci_ 10 alkyl -C 3 _ 8 cycloalkyl, -L- aryl, -L-heteroaryl, - L-Ci.ioalkylaryl, -L- Ci.ioalkylheteroaryl, -L- Ci.i 0 alkylheterocyclyl, -L-C 2- ioalkenyl, -L- C 2- i 0 alkynyl, -L-C 2- i 0 alkenyl-C 3-8 cycloalkyl, -L-C 2- ioalkynyl-C 3-8 cycloalkyl, -L- heteroalkyl, -L-heteroalkylaryl, -L-heteroalkylheteroaryl, -L-heteroalkyl
  • Mi is benzothiazolyl substituted with -(W 2 ) k -R 2 ;
  • k 0 or 1
  • E 1 and E 2 are independently -(W ⁇ j -R 4 ;
  • j in each instance (i.e., in E 1 or j in E 2 ), is independently 0 or 1
  • W 1 is -O- -NR 7 -, -S(0)o-2- -C(0)-,-C(0)N(RV, -N(R 7 )C(0)-, -N(R 7 )S(0)-, -N(R 7 )S(0) 2 -
  • W 2 is -0-, -NR 7 -, -S(0)o- 2 -,-C(0)-,-C(0)N(R 7 )-, -N(R 7 )C(0)-, -N(R 7 )C(0)N(R 8 )-,-
  • Ci_i 0 alkyl C3.scycloalkyl, Ci.ioalkyl-C 3 _ gcycloalkyl, C 3 .gcycloalkyl -C MO alkyl, C 3 . 8 cycloalkyl -C 2-10 alkenyl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl- C 2 . loalkynyl, Q.ioalkyl- C 2-10 alkenyl, C 1-10 alkyl- C 2-10 alkynyl, Ci.i 0 alkylaryl (e.g.
  • loalkylheterocyclyl C 2- i 0 alkenyl, C 2- i 0 alkynyl, C 2- ioalkenyl - .ioalkyl, C 2 _i 0 alkynyl -Ci_ loalkyl, C 2 _ioalkenylaryl, C 2 .ioalkenylheteroaryl, C 2- ioalkenylheteroalkyl, C 2- i 0 alkenylheterocyclcyl, C 2 -ioalkenyl-C 3 _ 8 cycloalkyl, C 2 .ioalkynyl-C 3- gcycloalkyl, C 2 .
  • loalkynylaryl C 2- ioalkynylheteroaryl, C2-ioalkynylheteroalkyl, C2-ioalkynylheterocyclyl, C 2- ioalkynyl-C 3-8 cycloalkenyl, Ci.i 0 alkoxy Ci.ioalkyl, Ci-i 0 alkoxy-C 2- i 0 alkenyl, Q.
  • R 31 , R 32 , and R 33 are independently H or d-ioalkyl , wherein the Ci_ 10 alkyl is unsubstituted or is substituted with one or more aryl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl group, wherein each of said aryl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl group is unsubstituted or is substituted with one or more halo, -OH, - Ci.i 0 alkyl, -CF 3 , -O-aryl, -OCF 3 , -OCwoalkyl, -NH 2 , - NiQ.joalkylXd.ioalkyl), - NH(C 1-10 alkyl), -NH( aryl), - NR 34 R 35 , -C(O)(C 1-10 alkyl), -C(O)(Ci -10 alkyl-aryl), -C(0)(aryl),
  • R and R* are each independently hydrogen, Ci.i 0 alkyl, C 2- ioalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl or C 3- i 0 cycloalkyl, each of which except for hydrogen is unsubstituted or is substituted by one or more independent R 6 ;
  • X4 is C-R 9 .
  • the mTORCl/2 inhibitor as defined above is a compound of Formula I-B:
  • the compound of Formula I-B or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is an inhibitor having the structure of Formula I-Bl or Formula I-B2:
  • Xi is N and X 2 is N.
  • Xj is C-E 1 and X 2 is N.
  • Xi is NH and X 2 is C.
  • Xi is CH-E' and Xz is C.
  • Xi is N and X 2 is C. In further embodiments, Xi is C-E 1 and X 2 is C.
  • Xj is CH W 1 ⁇ -R 4 , where j is 0.
  • Xi is CH. In yet another embodiment, Xi is C-halogen, where halogen is CI, F, Br, or I.
  • Xi it is C -(W 1 ⁇ -R 4 .
  • W 1 is -0-.
  • W 1 is— NR 7 -.
  • j is 1, and W 1 is— H-.
  • W 1 is— S(O) 0-2 -
  • W 1 is— C(O)-.
  • j is 1, and W 1 is— C(0)N(R 7 )-.
  • X j is 1, and W 1 is -N(R 7 )C(0)-.
  • X b j is 1, and W 1 is -N(R 7 )S(0)-.
  • W 1 is— (R 7 )S(0) 2 -.
  • W 1 is -C(0)0-.
  • W 1 is CH(R 7 )N(C(0)OR 8 )-.
  • W 1 is -CH(R 7 )N(C(0)R 8 )-.
  • X h j is 1, and W 1 is - CH(R 7 )N(S0 2 R 8 )- In various embodiments ofX j is 1, and W 1 is -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )-. I various embodiments ofX j is 1, and W 1 is -CH(R 7 )C(0)N(R 8 )-. In various embodiments of X ls j is 1, and W 1 is -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )C(0)-. In various embodiments ofX j is 1, and W 1 is—
  • Xi is CH 2 .
  • Xi is CH-halogen, where halogen is CI, F, Br, or I.
  • Xi is N.
  • X2 is N. In other embodiments, X 2 is C.
  • E 2 is -(W ! ) j -R 4 , where j is 0.
  • E 2 is CH. In yet another embodiment, E 2 is C-halogen, where halogen is CI, F, Br, or I.
  • E 2 it is -(W 1 ⁇ -R 4 .
  • j is 1, and W 1 is -O-.
  • W 1 is— NR 7 -.
  • W 1 is— NH-.
  • W 1 is— S(0)o_ 2 -.
  • W 1 is— C(0)-.
  • E 2 In various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1 , and W 1 is— C(0)N(R 7 >- hi various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1 , and W 1 is -N(R 7 )C(0)-. In various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1, and W 1 is -N(R 7 )S(0)-. In various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1, and W 1 is— N(R 7 )S(0) 2 -. In various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1, and W 1 is -C(0)0- In various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1, and W 1 is CH(R 7 )N(C(0)OR 8 )-.
  • E 2 In various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1 , and W 1 is -CH(R 7 )N(C(0)R 8 )-. In various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1, and W 1 is - CH(R 7 )N(S0 2 R 8 ⁇ - In various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1, and W 1 is -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )-. In various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1, and W 1 is -CH(R 7 )C(0)N(R 8 )-. In various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1, and W 1 is -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )C(0)-. In various embodiments of E 2 , j is 1 , and W 1 is—
  • E 2 j is 1, and W 1 is -CH(R 7 )N(R 8 )S(0) 2 -.
  • Mi is :
  • Mi is benzothiazolyl substituted with -(W 2 ) k -R 2 .
  • W 2 can be -0-, -S(O) 0-2 - ⁇ including but not limited to -S-, -S(O)-, and -S(0) 2 -),-C(0)- , or - C(0)0-.
  • W 1 is -NR 6 - or -CH(R 6 )N(R 7 )-, wherein R 6 and R 7 are each independently hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted Ci-Ci 0 alkyl (which includes but is not limited to -CH 3 , -CH2CH 3 , n-propyl, isopropyl, n- butyl, tert- butyl, sec-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, and heptyl), unsubstituted or substituted C 2 -Cioalkenyl (including but not limited to alkenyl such as, for example, vinyl, allyl, 1 -methyl propen-l-yl, butenyl, or pentenyl).
  • Ci-Ci 0 alkyl which includes but is not limited to -CH 3 , -CH2CH 3 , n-propyl, isopropyl, n- butyl, tert- butyl
  • R 6 and R 7 are each independently unsubstituted or substituted aryl (including phenyl and naphthtyl).
  • R 6 and R 7 are each independently heteroaryl, wherein the heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted.
  • R 6 and R 7 heteroaryl is monocyclic heteroaryl, and includes but is not limted to imidazolyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, and pyridinyl. In some other
  • R 6 and R 7 are each independently unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclyl (which includes but is not limited to pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, thiazolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, morpholinyl, and piperazinyl) or unsubstituted or substituted C 3-8 cycloalkyl (including but not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, and cyclopentyl).
  • Non exemplary W 2 include -NH-, - N(cyclopropyl), and -N(4-N-piperidinyl).
  • exemplary mTORCl/2 inhibitors of the invention have the Formulas:
  • mTORCl/2 inhibitor compounds are described below.
  • the mTORCl/2 inhibitor compounds that may be used in the present invention are not limited in any way to the compounds illustrated herein.
  • Illustrative compounds of the invention include those of subclass la, lb, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 1 1a, l ib, 12a, 12b, 13a, 13b, 14a, 14b, 15a, 15b, 16a, or 16b, where the substituents Ri, Xj, and V are as described below.
  • Ri is H, CH 3 , Et, iPr, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, phenyl, pyridin-2-yl, N-methylaminocyclohex-4-yl, N-methylpiperidin-4- -methylaminocyclobut-3- yl, tert-butyl, l-cyano-but-4-yl, l-cyano-prop-3-yl, 3-azetidinyl,
  • 3 ⁇ 4 is iPr, X ! is N, and V is NH 2 .
  • Ri is iPr, Xi is N, and V is NHCOMe.
  • Rj is H, CH 3 , Et, iPr, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, phenyl, pyridin-2- l, N-meth laminoc clohex-4- l, N-meth l i eridin-4- -meth laminoc clobut-3-
  • V is cyclopropanecarboxamido, cyclopropylamino, morpholinoethylamino, hydroxyethylamino, or N-morpholino.
  • ridin-2-yl is V) N-methylaminocyclohex-4-yl is
  • Illustrative compounds of the invention include those of subclass la, lb, 2a, 2b, 3 a, 3 b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11a, l ib, 12a, 12b, 13a, 13b, 14a, 14b, 15a, 15b, 16a, or 16b, where the substituents Rj, Xi, and V are as described below.
  • V is cyclopropanecarboxamido, cyclopropylamino, morpholinoethylamino, hydroxyethylamino, or N-morpholino.
  • the mTORCl/2 inhibitor is CC223 (Celgene), OSI027 (OSI Pharmaceuticals), DS3078 (Daiichi), AZD8055 (Astra Zeneca), or AZD2014 (Astra Zeneca).
  • the mTORCl/2 inhibitor is a compound as described in U.S. Patent Nos. 7,651,687 or 7,585,868; or as described International Patent Applications WO 2007/079164, WO 2007/061737, WO 2007/106503, WO 2007/134828 or WO2011/025889 which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
  • Compounds of Formulas I, I- A, I-B, I-Bl, I-B2, 1-C, I-D, I-Cl, I-C2, 1-Dl, I-D2, 1-E, I-El, I-E2, 1-Cla are known in the art and can be prepared by the methods of the above referenced patents and patent applications.
  • the mTORCl/2 inhibitor is 3-(2-amino-l,3-benzoxazol-5-yl)-l-(propan-2-yl)-lH- pyrazolo [3, 4-d] pyrimidin-4-amine (MLN0128), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Aurora A kinase inhibitors can be assayed in vitro or in vivo for their ability to selectively bind to and/or inhibit an Aurora A kinase.
  • In vitro assays include assays to determine selective inhibition of the ability of an Aurora A kinase to phosphorylate a substrate protein or peptide. Alternate in vitro assays quantitate the ability of the compound to selectively bind to an Aurora A kinase.
  • Selective inhibitor binding may be measured by radiolabelling the inhibitor prior to binding, isolating the inhibitor/Aurora A kinase complex and determining the amount of radiolabel bound.
  • selective inhibitor binding may be determined by running a competition experiment in which new inhibitors are incubated with Aurora A kinase bound to a known radioligand. The compounds also can be assayed for their ability to affect cellular or physiological functions mediated by Aurora A kinase activity.
  • inhibitors can also be assayed in vitro and in vivo for their ability to selectively bind to and/or inhibit an Aurora B kinase, using assays analogous to those described above for Aurora A kinase.
  • Inhibitors can be assayed in vitro and in vivo for their ability to inhibit Aurora A kinase in the absence of Aurora B kinase inhibition, by immunofluorescent detection of pHisH3. ⁇ Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (2007) 104, 4106). Assays for each of these activities are known in the art.
  • the selective Aurora A kinase inhibitor is a small molecular weight compound.
  • selective inhibitors of Aurora A kinase include the compounds described herein, as well as compounds disclosed in, for example, US Publication No.
  • compositions, and kits of the invention are pharmaceutically acceptable salts of any of the compounds, and solvated and hydrated forms of such salts.
  • selective Aurora A kinase inhibitors can be prepared in a number of ways well known to one skilled in the art of organic synthesis, including, but not limited to, the methods of synthesis described in detail in the references referred to herein.
  • the selective Aurora A kinase inhibitor is a compound represented by formula (III):
  • Ring A is a substituted or unsubstituted 5- or 6-membered aryl, heteroaryl, cycloaliphatic, or heterocyclyl ring;
  • Ring B is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, heteroaryl, cycloaliphatic, or heterocyclyl ring
  • Ring C is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or cycloaliphatic ring
  • R e is hydrogen, -OR 5 , -N(R 4 ) 2 , -SR 5 , or a C 1-3 aliphatic optionally substituted with R 3 or R 7 ; each of R x and R y independently is hydrogen, fluoro, or an optionally substituted
  • Ci_6 aliphatic or R and R , taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form an optionally substituted 3- to 6-membered cycloaliphatic ring;
  • each R 3 independently is selected from the group consisting of
  • each R 4 independently is hydrogen or an optionally substituted aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl group; or two R 4 on the same nitrogen atom, taken together with the nitrogen atom, form an optionally substituted 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl or 4- to 8-membered heterocyclyl ring having, in addition to the nitrogen atom, 0-2 ring heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S;
  • each R 5 independently is hydrogen or an optionally substituted aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl group
  • each R 7 independently is an optionally substituted aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl group.
  • Ring A is a substituted or unsubstituted 5- or 6-membered aryl, heteroaryl, cycloaliphatic, or heterocyclyl ring.
  • Ring A include furano, dihydrofurano, thieno, dihydrothieno, cyclopenteno, cyclohexeno, 2H-pyrrolo, pyrrolo, pyrrolino, pyrrolidino, oxazolo, thiazolo, imidazolo, imidazolino, imidazolidino, pyrazolo, pyrazolino, pyrazolidino, isoxazolo, isothiazolo, oxadiazolo, triazolo, thiadiazolo, 2H-pyrano, 4H-pyrano, benzo, pyridino, piperidino, dioxano, morpholino, dithiano, thiomorpholino, pyridazin
  • Ring A examples include, without limitation, substituted or unsubstituted rings selected from the group consisting of furano, thieno, pyrrolo, oxazolo, thiazolo, imidazolo, pyrazolo, isoxazolo, isothiazolo, triazolo, benzo, pyridino, pyridazino, pyrimidino, and pyrazino.
  • Ring A may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • Each substitutable unsaturated ring carbon atom in Ring A is unsubstituted or substituted with -R b .
  • Each substitutable ring nitrogen atom in Ring A is unsubstituted or is substituted with -R 9b , and one ring nitrogen atom in Ring A optionally is oxidized.
  • Each R 9 independently is -C(0)R 5 , -C(0)N(R 4 ) 2 , -C0 2 R 6 , -S0 2 R 6 , -S0 2 N(R 4 ) 2 , or a CM aliphatic optionally substituted with R 3 or R 7 .
  • Each R b independently is R 2b , an optionally substituted aliphatic, or an optionally substituted aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl group; or two adjacent R b , taken together with the intervening ring atoms, form an optionally substituted fused 4- to 8-membered aromatic or non- aromatic ring having 0-3 ring heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N, and S.
  • Ring A is substituted by 0-2 substituents R b .
  • each R b independently is selected from the group consisting of -halo, Ci_3 aliphatic, Ci_ 3 fluoroaliphatic, and -OR 5 , where R 5 is hydrogen or C 1-3 aliphatic.
  • Ring A is substituted with 0, 1 , or 2 substituents, preferably 0 or 1 substituents, independently selected from the group consisting of chloro, fluoro, bromo, methyl, trifluoromethyl, and methoxy.
  • Ring B is a substituted or unsubstituted mono- or bicyclic aryl or heteroaryl ring selected from the group consisting of furanyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazolyl, thiadiazolyl, phenyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, indolizinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, indazolyl, benzo[b]furanyl, benzo[b]thienyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, purinyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, cinnolinyl, phthal
  • Each substitutable unsaturated ring carbon atom in Ring B is unsubstituted or substituted with -R c .
  • Each substitutable ring nitrogen atom in Ring B is unsubstituted or is substituted with -R 9c , and one ring nitrogen atom in Ring B optionally is oxidized.
  • Each R 9 ° independently is -C(0)R 5 , -C(0)N(R 4 ) 2 , -C0 2 R 6 , -S0 2 R 6 , -S0 2 N(R 4 ) 2 , or a C 1-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with R 3 or R 7 .
  • Ring B may be unsubstituted or may be substituted on any one or more of its component rings, wherein the substituents may be the same or different. In some embodiments, Ring B is substituted with 0-2 independently selected R° and 0-3 independently selected R 2c or Ci -6 aliphatic groups.
  • the variables R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 are as defined above for Ring A, and R° and R 2c are defined below.
  • Each R° independently is R 2c , an optionally substituted Ci_6 aliphatic, or an optionally substituted aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl group.
  • Each R 2c independently is -halo, -N0 2 , -CN, -
  • Ring B is a monocyclic 5- or 6-membered aryl or heteroaryl ring, substituted with 0-2 independently selected R° and 0-2 independently selected R 2c or C ⁇ . aliphatic groups. In certain such embodiments, Ring B is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or pyridyl ring.
  • Ring B is substituted with 0-2 substituents R c .
  • each R° independently is selected from the group consisting of -halo, Ci -3 aliphatic, Ci -3 haloaliphatic, and -OR 5 , where R 5 is hydrogen or Ci_ 3 aliphatic.
  • Ring B is substituted with 0, 1 , or 2 substituents, independently selected from the group consisting of chloro, fluoro, bromo, methyl, trifluoromethyl, and methoxy.
  • Each substitutable unsaturated ring carbon atom in Ring C is unsubstituted or substituted with -R d .
  • Each substitutable ring nitrogen atom in Ring C is unsubstituted or is substituted with -R 9d , and one ring nitrogen atom in Ring C optionally is oxidized.
  • Each R 9d independently is -C(0)R 5 , -C(0)N(R 4 ) 2 , -C0 2 R 6 , -S0 2 R 6 , -S0 2 N(R 4 ) 2 , or a C 1-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with R 3 or R 7 .
  • Ring C may be unsubstituted or may be substituted on any one or more of its component rings, wherein the substituents may be the same or different.
  • Ring C is substituted with 0-2 independently selected R d and 0-3 independently selected R 2d or Ci_ 6 aliphatic groups.
  • the variables R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 are as described above for Rings A and B.
  • the variables R d and R 2d are described below.
  • Each R d independently is R 2d , an optionally substituted aliphatic, or an optionally substituted aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl group.
  • Ring C is a monocyclic 5- or 6-membered aryl or heteroaryl ring, which is substituted with 0-2 independently selected substituents R d and 0-2 independently selected R 2d or aliphatic groups.
  • Ring C is an optionally substituted heteroaryl ring selected from the group consisting of pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, and oxazolyl.
  • Ring C is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl ring.
  • Ring C is a monocyclic 5- or 6- membered aryl or heteroaryl ring, which is substituted with 0, 1, or 2 substituents R d , as defined above.
  • Ring C is a monocyclic 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl or cycloaliphatic ring, which is substituted with 0-2 independently selected substituents R d and 0-2 independently selected R 2d or Ci_ 6 aliphatic groups.
  • the selective Aurora A kinase inhibitor is a compound represented by formula ⁇ IV):
  • R e is hydrogen or a C1.3 aliphatic optionally substituted with R 3 or R 7 ;
  • Ring A is substituted with 0-3 R b ;
  • each R b independently is selected from the group consisting of Ci_6 aliphatic, R 2b , R 7b , - ⁇ 1 ⁇ , and -T 1 -R 7b ;
  • each R 7b independently is an optionally substituted aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl group
  • Ring B is substituted with 0-2 independently selected R° and 0-2 independently selected R 2c or Ci_6 aliphatic groups;
  • each R° independently is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic, R 2c , R 7c , -T'-R 20 , and -T'-R 70 ;
  • each R 7c independently is an optionally substituted aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl group
  • T 1 is a Ci -6 alkylene chain optionally substituted with R 3 or R 3b , wherein T 1 or a portion thereof optionally forms part of a 3- to 7 -membered ring;
  • Ring C is substituted with 0-2 independently selected R d and 0-3 independently selected R 2d or Ci_6 aliphatic groups;
  • each R d independently is selected from the group consisting of Ci -6 aliphatic, R 2d ,
  • T 2 is a Ci_6 alkylene chain optionally substituted with R 3 or R 3b , wherein the alkylene chain optionally is interrupted
  • T 3 is a Ci-6 alkylene chain optionally substituted with R 3 or R 3b , wherein the alkylene chain optionally is interrupted
  • each R 7d independently is an optionally substituted aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl group.
  • each R 3 independently is selected from the group consisting
  • each R 3b independently is a Ci -3 aliphatic optionally substituted with R 3 or R 7 , or two
  • each R 4 independently is hydrogen or an optionally substituted aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl group; or two R 4 on the same nitrogen atom, taken together with the nitrogen atom, form an optionally substituted 5- to 8-membered heteroaryl or heterocyclyl ring having, in addition to the nitrogen atom, 0-2 ring heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S;
  • each R 5 independently is hydrogen or an optionally substituted aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl group
  • each R 6 independently is an optionally substituted aliphatic or aryl group
  • each R 7 independently is an optionally substituted aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl group.
  • Table 3 provides the chemical names for specific examples of compounds of formula
  • IV-161 4-[9-Chloro-7-(2-fluoro-phenyl)-5H-benzo[c]pyrimido[4,5-e]azepin-2-ylamino]- N-(2-pyridin-2-yl-ethyl)-benzamide
  • IV- 194 ⁇ 4-[9-Chloro-7-(2,6-difluoro-phenyl)-5H-benzo[c]pyrimido[4,5-e]azepin-2- ylamino]-phenyl ⁇ -(3 (R)-methyl-piperazin- 1 -yl)-methanone
  • IV- 195 ⁇ 4-[9-Chloro-7-(2,6-difluoro-phenyl)-5H-benzo[c]pyrimido[4,5-e]azepin-2- ylamino]-phenyl ⁇ -piperazin-l-yl-methanone
  • rV-201 9-chloro-N-(4- ⁇ [4-(2-ethoxyphenyl)piperazin- 1 -yl] carbonyl ⁇ phenyl)-7-(2- fluorophenyl)-5H-pyrimido[5,4- ][2]benzazepin-2-amine
  • IV-216 9-chloro-N- ⁇ 3 -chloro-4-[(3 -methylpiperazin- 1 -yl)carbonyl]phenyl ⁇ -7-(2,6- difluorophenyl)-5H-pyrimido[5,4-i/][2]benzazepin-2-amine
  • IV-226 3- ⁇ [9-chloro-7-(2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)-5H-pyrimido[5,4-i/][2]benzazepin- 2-yl] amino ⁇ -N- [3 -(dimethylamino)propyl] -N-methylbenzamide
  • IV-227 9-chloro-N-(3 - ⁇ [3 -(dimethylamino)azetidin- 1 -yl]carbonyl ⁇ phenyl)-7-(2-fluoro- 6-methoxyphenyl)-5H-pyrimido[5,4- ⁇ [2]benzazepin-2-amrne
  • IV-243 9-chloro-7-(2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)-N-[4-(piperazin-l-ylcarbonyl)phenyl]- 5H-pyrimido[5,4-i/][2]benzazepin-2-amine
  • IV-244 9-chloro-7-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-N- ⁇ 4-[[4-(dimethylamino)piperidin- 1 - yl](imino)methyl]phenyl ⁇ -5H-pyrimido[5,4-i/][2]benzazepin-2-amine
  • IV-277 4-( ⁇ 9-chloro-7-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5H-pyrimido[5,4-i ][2]benzazepin-2- yl ⁇ amino)benzoic acid
  • IV-278 N- ⁇ 4-[(3-aminoazetidin- 1 -yl)carbonyl]phenyl ⁇ -9-chloro-7-(2,6-difluorophenyl)- 5H-pyrimido[5,4-i3 ⁇ 4[2]benzazepin-2-amine
  • IV-328 9-chloro-N-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7- ⁇ 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenyl ⁇ -5H- pyrimido [5 ,4-d ⁇ [2]benzazepin-2-amine
  • IV-329 9-chloro-7 ⁇ (2-methoxyphenyl)-N- ⁇ 4-[(3 -methylpiperazin- 1 -yl)carbonyl]phenyl ⁇ - 5H-pyrimido[5,4-i/

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