WO2014148013A1 - 硬質冷延鋼板およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
硬質冷延鋼板およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014148013A1 WO2014148013A1 PCT/JP2014/001421 JP2014001421W WO2014148013A1 WO 2014148013 A1 WO2014148013 A1 WO 2014148013A1 JP 2014001421 W JP2014001421 W JP 2014001421W WO 2014148013 A1 WO2014148013 A1 WO 2014148013A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0263—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/009—Pearlite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
Definitions
- the present invention is a cold-rolled steel sheet suitable as a material for disk-plate plates (friction plates, separator plates, etc.) used for transmission clutches and brakes. And a manufacturing method thereof.
- the present invention relates to a hard cold-rolled steel sheet excellent in high temperature softening resistance and a method for producing the same.
- Plate parts used as components for clutches and brakes are responsible for transmitting and interrupting driving and braking forces via frictional forces. Plate parts that repeat contact and separation with other parts while rotating are required to have excellent flatness in addition to high hardness for suppressing deformation and wear.
- the plate parts as described above are generally manufactured through processes such as shape correction, strain relief annealing, surface property adjustment, friction material adhesion, and the like after a raw steel plate is punched into a predetermined shape. Therefore, as a characteristic of the material steel plate used for the plate parts, it has a predetermined hardness and is excellent in punchability, flatness after punching, and flatness after further heating after punching. preferable.
- Patent Document 1 relates to a thin steel plate for a material such as a gear or a plate as a transmission part of an automobile, the component composition of which is mass%, C: 0.15-0.4%, Si: 0.5% or less, Mn: 1.0%
- P 0.05% or less
- steel sheet plate surface hardness HV is 170 to 280
- the maximum value ⁇ HV of sheet surface hardness difference at each position in the sheet width direction is 20 or less. Techniques to do this have been proposed. And according to the technique proposed by patent document 1, it is supposed that the thin steel plate excellent in the flatness after stamping will be obtained.
- Patent Document 2 relates to a method of manufacturing a cold-rolled steel sheet that is suitably used as a material such as a separation plate, a friction plate, and a backing plate, which are constituent members of an automatic transmission of an automobile, in terms of mass%, C: 0.15 to 0.25% , Si: 0.25% or less, Mn: 0.3 to 0.9%, P: 0.03% or less, S: 0.015% or less, Al: 0.01 to 0.08%, N: 0.008% or less, Ti: 0.01 to 0.05%, B: 0.002 to A slab containing 0.005%, with the balance being substantially Fe, is hot-rolled at a hot rolling finish temperature of Ar 3 transformation point or higher and a coiling temperature of 500 to 600 ° C.
- Patent Document 3 relates to a cold-rolled steel sheet suitable as a material for automobile drive system parts such as gears and plates, in mass%, C: 0.10 to 0.20%, Si: 0.5% or less, Mn: 0.20 to 1.5%, P : 0.03% or less, S: 0.020% or less, Cr: 0.05-0.5%, the balance consisting of Fe and inevitable impurities, proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite, or further bainitic ferrite or bainite
- Tensile strength having a base and a cementite present in the base having an average of 2.0 ⁇ 10 4 pieces / mm 2 or more dispersed in a hot-rolled steel sheet of 440 MPa or more, with a reduction rate in a predetermined range.
- Techniques have been proposed for cold rolling to produce cold rolled steel sheets. And according to the technique proposed by patent document 3, it is supposed that the cold-rolled steel plate excellent in the flatness after a punching process and excellent in the end surface property will be obtained.
- Patent Document 4 relates to a method of manufacturing a cold-rolled steel sheet that is suitably used as a plate material for an automatic transmission of an automobile, in terms of mass%, C: 0.15-0.25%, Si: 0.25% or less, Mn: 0.3-0.9% , P: 0.03% or less, S: 0.015% or less, Al: 0.01 to 0.08%, N: 0.008% or less, Cr: 0.05 to 0.5%, Ti: 0.01 to 0.05%, B: 0.002 to 0.005%, the balance being Fe And a slab having a component composition consisting of inevitable impurities is extracted by heating to a temperature exceeding 1230 ° C in a heating furnace, hot rolling finish temperature: Ar 3 transformation point or higher, and coiling temperature: 500-600 ° C hot By rolling, a hot rolled steel sheet having a ferrite-pearlite mixed structure with a ferrite crystal grain size of 5 to 15 ⁇ m and a pearlite + cementite fraction of 40% or more is obtained, and the hot rolled steel sheet
- JP 2004-285416 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-200712 JP 2008-138237 A JP 2010-202922 A
- the temperature of the parts rises due to frictional heat generation, and the temperature may rise to a temperature of less than 500 ° C depending on the usage conditions.
- strain relief annealing annealing temperature: about 420 to 480 ° C.
- the steel plate used as the material for the plate parts is required to be hard to decrease in hardness when exposed to a high temperature of about 420 to 480 ° C., that is, to be excellent in high temperature softening resistance.
- the above-described prior art has the following problems.
- the technique proposed in Patent Document 2 for the purpose of reducing the thermal strain generated in the part in the bonding process after punching, light reduction rolling with a large diameter roll is performed to reduce the residual stress in the steel sheet. .
- the technique proposed in Patent Document 2 can suppress thermal strain after holding at 300 ° C. for 10 minutes, but the plate component is subjected to strain relief annealing or the plate component. Changes in characteristics when actually used in a transmission, that is, changes in characteristics when the plate parts are held for a certain time in a temperature range higher than 300 ° C. (about 420 to 480 ° C.) are not considered. In other words, no investigation has been made regarding the high temperature softening resistance of parts.
- Patent Document 3 controls the base structure of the hot-rolled steel sheet and the dispersed state of cementite, which are the materials of the cold-rolled steel sheet, in order to keep the dimensional accuracy, flatness, and end face properties after punching good. Is. However, this technique does not take into consideration the high temperature softening resistance of the parts after punching.
- the slab heating temperature is limited to a temperature exceeding 1230 ° C. and Ti is sufficiently solutionized, and TiC, Ti (C, N), etc. are reprecipitated in the subsequent hot rolling process.
- the recrystallized softening resistance of the steel sheet is improved by forming a uniformly dispersed structure as precipitates of ultrafine size.
- the present invention advantageously solves the above-described problems of the prior art, and is a cold-rolled steel sheet suitable as a material for an annular plate part used in a clutch, a brake, etc. of a transmission, and has high hardness and high impact.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a hard cold-rolled steel sheet excellent in punchability and flatness after punching, and further excellent in high-temperature softening resistance and a method for producing the same.
- the hard cold-rolled steel sheet means a cold-rolled steel sheet having a hardness of HV 250 or more.
- the high temperature softening resistance specifically means a characteristic that the hardness does not decrease even if it is held at 480 ° C. for 60 minutes.
- the present inventors conducted extensive research on various factors affecting the hardness, punchability, flatness after punching, and resistance to high-temperature softening of cold-rolled steel sheets.
- the structure of the cold-rolled steel sheet is a structure in which the main phase is ferrite, it is possible to effectively suppress the fluctuation of the transformation strengthening amount as described above. Further, when fine cementite is dispersed in the cold-rolled steel sheet, the cementite partially decomposes and dissolves when the cold-rolled steel sheet is kept at a high temperature. As a result, an age hardening phenomenon derived from solute C occurs, and an effect of compensating for softening of the cold-rolled steel sheet due to temperature rise is obtained. On the other hand, there is a concern that cementite adversely affects the punchability of the cold rolled steel sheet.
- the main strengthening mechanism is work hardening by cold rolling, that is, ferrite is processed and stretched with a predetermined average aspect ratio.
- the present inventors have studied a method for producing a cold-rolled steel sheet having the above-described structure and exhibiting desired characteristics, and subjecting the steel material having a predetermined composition to hot rolling, ferrite, bainite, and pearlite. It was conceived that a hot-rolled steel sheet made of the above-mentioned hot-rolled steel sheet was subjected to cold rolling at a predetermined reduction rate to obtain a predetermined cold-rolled steel sheet structure (structure in which ferrite was the main phase and cementite was dispersed).
- various methods can be considered as a method of making the structure of the cold-rolled steel sheet into a structure in which ferrite is the main phase and cementite is dispersed.
- a hot-rolled steel sheet made of ferrite, bainite, and pearlite is cold-rolled at a predetermined reduction rate to obtain a predetermined cold-rolled steel sheet structure (ferrite as the main phase). It was found that a cold-rolled steel sheet having sufficient hardness, softening resistance at high temperature, good punchability, and flatness after heat treatment can be obtained.
- the present invention has been completed by further studies based on the above-described findings, and the gist of the present invention is as follows.
- the ferrite as the main phase has a structure in which cementite is dispersed.
- the ferrite as the main phase is a processed stretch grain having an average aspect ratio of 3 or more in the rolling direction cross section of the steel sheet, and the cementite is the entire structure.
- Excellent in high-temperature softening resistance characterized by a fraction of 5% or less, an average aspect ratio of grain cross-section in a rolling section of a steel sheet: 3 or less, and an average major axis: 1.0 ⁇ m or less Hard cold-rolled steel sheet.
- Cooling at a cooling rate of 80 ° C / s or less then cooling the temperature range from 750 ° C to a cooling stop temperature of 500 ° C or more and 600 ° C or less at a cooling rate of 40 ° C / s or more and 60 ° C / s or less, and then allowing to cool And, it is wound at a coiling temperature of 500 ° C. or more and 600 ° C. or less to obtain a hot rolled steel sheet, and after descaling the hot rolled steel sheet, it is cold rolled at a rolling reduction of 40% or more and 80% or less.
- a method for producing a hard cold-rolled steel sheet having excellent high-temperature softening resistance is produced by a cooling rate of 80 ° C / s or less.
- the cold-rolled steel sheet according to the present invention is extremely suitable as a material for automatic transmission parts of automobiles.
- the steel sheet of the present invention is a hard cold-rolled steel sheet, which is a cold-rolled steel sheet that is cold-rolled and work-hardened from a hot-rolled steel sheet having a predetermined composition and structure.
- % which is a unit of component element content means “% by mass” unless otherwise specified.
- C 0.10% or more and 0.25% or less C is an element necessary for strengthening the steel sheet, and in order to ensure the necessary hardness as a material for plate parts of clutches and brakes, the content of 0.10% or more is necessary. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 0.25%, coarse cementite tends to be unevenly dispersed, and the punchability of the steel sheet may be lowered. Therefore, the C content is limited to 0.10% or more and 0.25% or less. Preferably it is 0.15% or more and 0.20% or less.
- Si 0.3% or less Si is an element that contributes to strengthening of the steel sheet by forming a solid solution in the steel.
- strengthening by Si addition of 0.01% or more is preferable, and 0.03% or more is more preferable.
- the Si content is limited to 0.3% or less. Preferably it is 0.1% or less.
- Mn 0.5% or more and 1.0% or less
- Mn is an element effective for improving hot ductility as well as contributing to strengthening of the steel sheet by dissolving in steel. In order to acquire such an effect, 0.5% or more of content is required. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 1.0%, the microstructure of the hot-rolled steel sheet tends to be band-shaped and the punchability of the steel sheet is lowered. Therefore, the Mn content is limited to a range of 0.5% to 1.0%. Preferably they are 0.6% or more and 0.9% or less.
- P 0.03% or less
- P is an element that is easily segregated in steel. If it is contained in a large amount, the microstructure of the steel sheet becomes non-uniform, and the punchability of the steel sheet tends to decrease. Therefore, it is desirable to reduce P as much as possible, and the P content is 0.03% or less. Preferably it is 0.02% or less. In addition, since extreme reduction of P requires cost, 0.003% or more, or 0.01% or more of content may be allowed.
- S 0.02% or less S is an element that forms inclusions such as MnS and lowers the punchability of the steel sheet. Therefore, it is desirable to reduce S as much as possible, and the S content is 0.02% or less. Preferably it is 0.01% or less. In addition, since extreme reduction of S is costly, the content of 0.002% or more may be allowed.
- Al 0.01% or more and 0.08% or less
- Al is an element added for deoxidation of steel, and if the Al content in the steel is less than 0.01%, a sufficient deoxidation effect cannot be obtained.
- the Al content in the steel exceeds 0.08%, inclusions in the steel increase, resulting in an increase in surface defects of the steel plate and a decrease in punchability. Therefore, the Al content is limited to 0.01% or more and 0.08% or less. Preferably they are 0.01% or more and 0.05% or less.
- Ti 0.010% or less
- Ti is an element having an action of dispersing and strengthening a steel sheet through fine precipitation such as carbonitride.
- the Ti content is preferably 0.002% or more.
- the Ti content is limited to 0.010% or less. Preferably it is 0.005% or less.
- Nb 0.010% or less
- Nb is an element having an action of dispersing and strengthening a steel sheet through fine precipitation such as carbonitride.
- the Nb content is preferably 0.002% or more.
- the Nb content is limited to 0.010% or less. Preferably it is 0.005% or less.
- B 0.0010% or less
- B is an element having an effect of greatly improving the hardenability of steel by adding a small amount.
- the B content is preferably 0.0001% or more.
- the B content is 0.0010% or less.
- it is 0.0005% or less, More preferably, it is 0.0003% or less.
- the balance other than the above components is Fe and inevitable impurities.
- Inevitable impurities include Cr: 0.05% or less (preferably 0.03% or less), Mo: 0.05% or less (preferably 0.03% or less), Cu: 0.05% or less (preferably 0.03% or less), Ni: 0.05 % Or less (preferably 0.03% or less), V: 0.010% or less (preferably 0.005% or less), O: 0.0050% or less, N: 0.0050% or less, etc. are acceptable.
- the cold-rolled steel sheet of the present invention has a structure in which ferrite is the main phase and cementite is dispersed. Furthermore, the ferrite is a processed and stretched grain having an average aspect ratio of 3 or more in the cross section in the rolling direction of the steel sheet.
- the cementite has a fraction (area ratio) occupying the whole structure of 5% or less, an average aspect ratio of the particle cross section in the rolling direction cross section of the steel sheet, and an average major axis of 1.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the cold-rolled steel sheet of the present invention is a cold-rolled steel sheet and has a work-hardened rolled structure.
- the structure of the cold-rolled steel sheet is a hot-rolled steel sheet having a predetermined structure, specifically ferrite, bainite, pearlite, and the fraction of the entire structure of the ferrite: 50% or more and 80% or less, Cold rolling at a predetermined reduction rate to a hot rolled steel sheet having a structure in which the fraction of the bainite structure is 15% or more and 45% or less, and the fraction of the pearlite structure is 10% or less.
- the cementite in the cold-rolled steel sheet of the present invention refers to a hot-rolled steel sheet before cold rolling that is formed from bainite or pearlite and is cold-rolled and deformed or divided.
- the ferrite in the cold-rolled steel sheet of the present invention is a work-stretched grain having an average aspect ratio of 3 or more in the cross section in the rolling direction of the steel sheet.
- the cold-rolled steel sheet of the present invention has a main strengthening mechanism of work hardening by cold rolling.
- the average aspect ratio of the ferrite grains in the cross section in the rolling direction is less than 3, the work hardening amount by cold rolling is small, and the steel sheet May not reach the required level for plate parts. Therefore, the average aspect ratio is 3 or more. Preferably it is 4 or more.
- the upper limit of the aspect ratio is not particularly limited, and there is no particular problem as long as it is within a range obtained by a realistic cold rolling reduction ratio. For example, when the cold rolling reduction ratio is 80%, the aspect ratio is about 11 at the maximum, and when the cold rolling reduction ratio is 70%, the aspect ratio is about 25 at the maximum.
- the aspect ratio of crystal grains and precipitates is obtained by dividing the maximum diameter (major axis) by the minimum diameter (minor axis).
- the diameter in the rolling direction is the major axis and the diameter in the sheet thickness direction is the minor axis.
- the fraction of ferrite in the entire structure of the cold-rolled steel sheet is 50% or more.
- the ferrite that formed bainite and pearlite in the hot-rolled steel sheet can also become a form that should be called work-stretched grain ferrite by breaking the characteristic arrangement of bainite and pearlite by cold rolling, so the maximum case All except cementite below are ferrite. Therefore, ferrite becomes the main phase occupying most of the structure of the cold-rolled steel sheet.
- the main phase refers to a phase having a fraction (area ratio) of 50% or more.
- Cementite in cold-rolled steel sheet of the present invention has a fraction of 5% or less in the entire structure, an average aspect ratio of the particle section in the rolling direction section of the steel sheet is 3 or less, and particles in the rolling direction section of the steel sheet.
- the average major axis of the cross section is 1.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the average aspect ratio of cementite is 3 or less. Preferably it is 2 or less.
- the average major axis of cementite is 1.0 ⁇ m or less. Preferably it is 0.8 micrometer or less. The lower limit of the average length of cementite need not be particularly limited. The minimum major axis that can be identified by the method described in the examples is about 0.1 ⁇ m.
- the structure of the hot-rolled steel sheet is made of ferrite, bainite, and pearlite.
- the fraction of the hot rolled steel sheet structure in the entire ferrite structure is 50% to 80%. Preferably they are 55% or more and 75% or less. If the ferrite fraction of the hot-rolled steel sheet is less than 50%, the work hardening of the ferrite tends to be non-uniform during the subsequent cold rolling, and when the part is used as a plate part and receives a thermal history, The amount of deformation tends to increase. Furthermore, since the bainite fraction becomes high, the variation of the amount of structural strengthening when the temperature of the cold-rolled steel sheet after cold rolling increases is increased, and the high-temperature softening resistance of the cold-rolled steel sheet decreases. On the other hand, when the ferrite fraction exceeds 80%, it becomes difficult to secure a desired bainite fraction described later.
- the fraction of the hot rolled steel sheet structure in the entire bainite structure is 15% or more and 45% or less. Preferably they are 20% or more and 40% or less.
- the bainite fraction is less than 15%, cementite particles in the steel sheet structure after cold rolling become large, and it becomes difficult to obtain a cold-rolled steel sheet having a desired structure.
- the bainite fraction exceeds 45%, the variation in the amount of structure strengthening when the cold-rolled steel sheet after cold rolling is heated increases, and the high-temperature softening resistance of the cold-rolled steel sheet decreases.
- the fraction of the pearlite structure in the hot-rolled steel sheet structure is 10% or less. Preferably it is 5% or less. When the pearlite fraction exceeds 10%, the cementite particles in the steel sheet structure after cold rolling increase, making it difficult to obtain a cold-rolled steel sheet having a desired structure. If a small amount of pearlite is present, a cold-rolled steel sheet having a desired structure can be obtained.
- a more preferable pearlite fraction is 1% or more, and further preferably 2% or more.
- the cold-rolled steel sheet of the present invention is a hot-rolled steel sheet having a structure composed of ferrite, bainite, and pearlite by hot-rolling a steel piece having the above chemical composition, and after descaling the hot-rolled steel sheet, a predetermined value is obtained. It can be obtained by cold rolling at a reduction ratio of.
- the steel used in the present invention can be melted by any known melting method such as a converter method or an electric furnace method.
- the molten steel is made into a slab by continuous casting or ingot-bundling rolling. If necessary, various pretreatments, secondary refining, surface treatment of steel pieces, and the like can be performed.
- Heating temperature of steel slab 1000 ° C. or higher and 1200 ° C. or lower If the heating temperature of the steel slab during hot rolling is less than 1000 ° C., it is difficult to ensure the necessary finishing temperature. On the other hand, if the heating temperature exceeds 1200 ° C., the energy required for heating increases, and surface quality defects of the steel sheet due to scale defects and the like are likely to occur. Therefore, the heating temperature of the steel slab before hot rolling is set to 1000 ° C. or more and 1200 ° C. or less. Preferably they are 1050 degreeC or more and 1150 degrees C or less. In heating the steel slab, the steel slab cooled to room temperature may be reheated, or the steel slab in the middle of cooling after casting may be additionally heated or kept warm.
- the steel slab is heated to the above temperature range, and then subjected to rough rolling and finish rolling to obtain a hot rolled steel sheet.
- the rough rolling conditions may be in accordance with conventional methods and need not be particularly limited.
- Finishing temperature Ar 3 transformation point or higher (Ar 3 transformation point +200) ° C or less
- Ar 3 transformation point Ar 3 transformation point or higher (Ar 3 transformation point +200) ° C or less
- the finishing temperature is limited to Ar 3 transformation point or higher (Ar 3 transformation point +200) ° C. or lower. Preferably, it is (Ar 3 transformation point +50) ° C. or higher (Ar 3 transformation point +150) ° C. or less.
- the steel plate being rolled may be additionally heated using a heating device such as a sheet bar heater or an edge heater.
- Cooling rate from the finishing temperature to 750 ° C: 40 ° C / s or more and 80 ° C / s or less The steel sheet after hot rolling is cooled at a temperature range from the finishing temperature to 750 ° C by 40 ° C / s or more and 80 ° C / s or less. Cool at a speed (forced cooling). Preferably they are 50 degreeC / s or more and 70 degrees C / s or less. When the cooling rate in this temperature range is less than 40 ° C./s, the structure of the hot-rolled steel sheet is easily coarsened, and the desired form of cementite cannot be obtained with the cold-rolled steel sheet.
- the cooling rate in this temperature range exceeds 80 ° C./s, it becomes easy to produce martensite or excessive bainite in the hot-rolled steel sheet, and the structure of the cold-rolled steel sheet cannot be adjusted to a desired state.
- the high temperature softening resistance of the cold rolled steel sheet may be significantly reduced.
- Cooling rate from 750 ° C to cooling stop temperature 40 ° C / s to 60 ° C / s Cooling stop temperature: 500 ° C to 600 ° C
- the temperature range from 750 ° C to cooling stop temperature is 40 ° C / s to 60 ° C Cool (forced cooling) at a cooling rate of / s or less.
- the cooling rate in this temperature range is less than 40 ° C./s or more than 60 ° C./s, it is difficult to produce ferrite at a desired fraction in the structure of the hot-rolled steel sheet.
- the cooling stop temperature exceeds 600 ° C., pearlite tends to be excessively increased as the second phase.
- the cooling stop temperature is in the range of 500 ° C. or more and 600 ° C. or less. Preferably they are 520 degreeC or more and 580 degrees C or less.
- the steel plate after forced cooling stop may rise in temperature (surface temperature) due to recuperation from the inside of the steel plate and transformation latent heat of the steel. Allow the room to cool (air).
- Winding temperature 500 ° C or higher and 600 ° C or lower
- the winding temperature is lower than 500 ° C
- martensite and excessive bainite are easily generated in the structure of the hot-rolled steel sheet, and the cold-rolled steel sheet is softened at high temperature. Is significantly reduced.
- the coiling temperature exceeds 600 ° C.
- the coiling temperature is set to 500 ° C. or more and 600 ° C. or less.
- they are 520 degreeC or more and 580 degrees C or less.
- steel plate temperature Finishing temperature, cooling stop temperature, winding temperature, etc.
- a hot-rolled steel sheet having a desired structure that is, composed of ferrite, bainite and pearlite, a fraction of the entire ferrite structure: 50% to 80%, and the entire bainite structure
- a hot-rolled steel sheet having a structure in which the fraction is 15% or more and 45% or less and the percentage of the entire pearlite structure is 10% or less is obtained.
- the hot-rolled steel sheet thus obtained is cold-rolled. It is also possible to subject the hot rolled steel sheet before cold rolling to temper rolling for shape correction.
- Cold rolling reduction 40% or more and 80% or less
- the hot-rolled steel sheet is descaled by pickling or other means, and then cold-rolled to obtain a cold-rolled steel sheet.
- the cold rolling reduction is less than 40%, it becomes easy to obtain a non-uniform rolled structure in the thickness direction, and it becomes difficult to obtain ferrite grains having a desired shape.
- the cold rolling reduction is less than 40%, when the temperature of the steel sheet after cold rolling is raised, fluctuations in hardness and flatness are likely to occur.
- the cold rolling reduction exceeds 80%, the cold rolling load increases excessively, and the productivity of the steel sheet decreases. Therefore, the rolling reduction of cold rolling is 40% or more and 80% or less. Preferably they are 50% or more and 70% or less.
- the ferrite structure fraction of hot-rolled steel sheet is 50% to 80%, the bainite structure fraction is 15% to 45%, the pearlite structure fraction is 10% or less, and cold rolling
- the structure fraction of ferrite is at least over 50% (that is, ferrite is the main phase), and has a structure in which cementite is dispersed.
- a certain ferrite is a processed and stretched grain having an average aspect ratio in the rolling direction cross section of the steel sheet of 3 or more, and the fraction of the cementite in the entire structure is 5% or less.
- the average aspect ratio of the particle cross section in the cross section in the rolling direction of the steel sheet A cold-rolled steel sheet having an average major axis of 1.0 ⁇ m or less is obtained.
- the steel sheet since the cold-rolled steel sheet is in a state where the rolling oil is attached, the steel sheet may be washed after cold rolling, or oil for rust prevention may be applied again after washing. Even if these treatments are performed, the effect of the present invention is not impaired.
- each hot-rolled steel sheet was pickled and descaled, and then cold-rolled at the rolling reduction shown in Table 3 to obtain cold-rolled steel sheets having the thickness shown in Table 3.
- Samples were collected from each cold-rolled steel sheet and observed in the microstructure to confirm the type of structure, and the cementite fraction in the entire structure, the average aspect ratio of ferrite and cementite, and the average major axis of cementite were measured.
- samples were taken from each cold-rolled steel sheet, a hardness test was performed, and the hardness and high-temperature softening resistance of the cold-rolled steel sheet were evaluated.
- samples were taken from each cold-rolled steel sheet, and the punchability of the cold-rolled steel sheet and the flatness after punching / heat treatment were evaluated.
- the area ratio occupied by the phase was obtained by image analysis using the image, and this was defined as the fraction of each phase.
- the average aspect ratio of ferrite and cementite and the average major axis of cementite were calculated by obtaining the individual aspect ratios and major axes of the grains in the observation range using the above images and averaging them.
- the hardness of the cold-rolled steel sheet is measured by measuring the Vickers hardness (HV0.5) in accordance with the provisions of JIS Z 2244 at the thickness 1/4 position of the cross-section sample taken in the same way as the sample for microstructure observation. did.
- the evaluation of the high temperature softening resistance of the cold-rolled steel sheet was conducted by subjecting the cold-rolled steel sheet to a heat treatment of holding at 480 ° C. for 60 minutes and allowing to cool, and then collecting a cross-section sample in the same manner to obtain a Vickers hardness (HV0.5 ) Was measured, and the amount of change in hardness before and after heat treatment was determined and evaluated.
- HV0.5 Vickers hardness
- Each cold-rolled steel sheet suitable for the present invention has sufficient hardness as it is cold-rolled, has no decrease in hardness due to heat treatment, and has excellent high-temperature softening resistance, Excellent punchability and flatness after heat treatment.
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Abstract
Description
[1] 質量%で、
C :0.10%以上0.25%以下、 Si:0.3%以下、
Mn:0.5%以上1.0%以下、 P :0.03%以下、
S :0.02%以下、 Al:0.01%以上0.08%以下、
Ti:0.010%以下、 Nb:0.010%以下、
B :0.0010%以下
を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる組成を有し、フェライト、ベイナイトおよびパーライトからなり、前記フェライトの組織全体に占める分率:50%以上80%以下、前記ベイナイトの組織全体に占める分率:15%以上45%以下、前記パーライトの組織全体に占める分率:10%以下である組織を有する熱延鋼板に、冷間圧延を施して得られる冷延鋼板であって、フェライトを主相としセメンタイトが分散した組織を有し、前記主相であるフェライトが、鋼板の圧延方向断面における平均アスペクト比:3以上の加工伸展粒であり、前記セメンタイトが、組織全体に占める分率:5%以下、鋼板の圧延方向断面における粒子断面の平均アスペクト比:3以下、平均長径:1.0μm以下であることを特徴とする耐高温軟化性に優れた硬質冷延鋼板。
[2]質量%で、
C :0.10%以上0.25%以下、 Si:0.3%以下、
Mn:0.5%以上1.0%以下、 P :0.03%以下、
S :0.02%以下、 Al:0.01%以上0.08%以下、
Ti:0.010%以下、 Nb:0.010%以下、
B :0.0010%以下
を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる組成を有する鋼片を、
1000℃以上1200℃以下に加熱し、Ar3変態点以上(Ar3変態点+200)℃以下の仕上温度で熱間圧延を施し、前記仕上温度から750℃までの温度範囲を40℃/s以上80℃/s以下の冷却速度で冷却し、次いで750℃から500℃以上600℃以下の冷却停止温度までの温度範囲を40℃/s以上60℃/s以下の冷却速度で冷却したのち放冷し、500℃以上600℃以下の巻取温度で巻き取って熱延鋼板とし、該熱延鋼板をデスケーリングしたのち、40%以上80%以下の圧下率で冷間圧延することを特徴とする耐高温軟化性に優れた硬質冷延鋼板の製造方法。
Cは、鋼板の強化に必要な元素であり、クラッチやブレーキのプレート部品素材として必要な硬さを確保するためには、0.10%以上の含有が必要である。一方、0.25%を超えて含有すると、粗大なセメンタイトが不均一に分散した組織となり易く、鋼板の打抜性が低下することがある。したがって、Cの含有量は0.10%以上0.25%以下に限定する。好ましくは0.15%以上0.20%以下である。
Siは、鋼中に固溶して鋼板の強化に寄与する元素である。Siによる強化を利用する場合は0.01%以上の添加が好ましく、0.03%以上がさらに好ましい。しかしながら、多量に含有すると、熱延鋼板の表面において赤スケールと呼ばれる酸化スケールの発生を促進し、冷延鋼板の表面性状まで悪化させる。したがって、Siの含有量は0.3%以下に限定する。好ましくは0.1%以下である。
Mnは、鋼中に固溶して鋼板の強化に寄与するとともに、熱間延性の改善にも有効な元素である。このような効果を得るためには、0.5%以上の含有を必要とする。一方、1.0%を超えて過剰に含有すると、熱延鋼板のミクロ組織がバンド状になり易く、鋼板の打抜性が低下する。したがって、Mnの含有量は0.5%以上1.0%以下の範囲に限定する。好ましくは0.6%以上0.9%以下である。
Pは、鋼中で偏析し易い元素であり、多量に含有すると鋼板のミクロ組織が不均一化し、鋼板の打抜性が低下し易くなる。そのため、Pは極力低減することが望ましく、Pの含有量は0.03%以下とする。好ましくは0.02%以下である。なお、Pの極端な低減はコストが掛かるので、0.003%以上、あるいは0.01%以上の含有を許容しても良い。
Sは、MnS等の介在物を形成し、鋼板の打抜性を低下させる元素である。そのため、Sは極力低減することが望ましく、Sの含有量は0.02%以下とする。好ましくは0.01%以下である。なお、Sの極端な低減はコストが掛かるので、0.002%以上の含有を許容しても良い。
Alは、鋼の脱酸のために添加される元素であり、鋼中のAlの含有量が0.01%未満では十分な脱酸効果が得られない。一方、鋼中のAlの含有量が0.08%を超えると、鋼中介在物の増加を招き、鋼板の表面欠陥の増加や打抜性の低下を招く。したがって、Alの含有量は0.01%以上0.08%以下に限定する。好ましくは0.01%以上0.05%以下である。
Tiは、炭窒化物等の微細析出を通じて鋼板を分散強化する作用を有する元素である。このような効果を得るためには、Tiの含有量を0.002%以上とすることが好ましい。但し、Tiの含有量が過剰になり、析出物が多量に形成される場合には、析出物の成長や溶解を通じて分散強化量が変動し、鋼板の耐高温軟化性が低下する。したがって、Tiの含有量は0.010%以下に限定する。好ましくは0.005%以下である。
Nbは、炭窒化物等の微細析出を通じて鋼板を分散強化する作用を有する元素である。このような効果を得るためには、Nbの含有量を0.002%以上とすることが好ましい。但し、Nbの含有量が過剰になり、析出物が多量に形成される場合には、析出物の成長や溶解を通じて分散強化量が変動し、鋼板の耐高温軟化性が低下する。したがって、Nbの含有量は0.010%以下に限定する。好ましくは0.005%以下である。
Bは、微量の添加により鋼の焼入性を大きく向上させる作用を有する元素である。このような効果を得るためには、Bの含有量を0.0001%以上とすることが好ましい。但し、Bの含有量が0.0010%を超えると、熱延鋼板の組織中に低温変態相(ベイナイト、マルテンサイト等)が多量に生成し易くなり、冷延鋼板とした後で昇温される際の鋼板の組織強化量が変動し易くなって、冷延鋼板の耐高温軟化性が低下する。したがって、Bの含有量は0.0010%以下とする。好ましくは0.0005%以下、より好ましくは0.0003%以下である。
本発明の冷延鋼板におけるフェライトは、鋼板の圧延方向断面における平均アスペクト比が3以上の加工伸展粒である。本発明の冷延鋼板は、冷間圧延による加工硬化を主たる強化機構としており、圧延方向断面におけるフェライト粒の平均アスペクト比が3未満の場合には、冷間圧延による加工硬化量が少なく、鋼板の硬さがプレート部品に必要な水準に達しないことがある。したがって、上記平均アスペクト比は3以上とする。好ましくは4以上である。なお、アスペクト比の上限はとくに限定されず、現実的な冷延圧下率により得られる範囲内であれば特に問題ない。例えば、冷延圧下率80%ではアスペクト比は最大11程度であり、冷延圧下率70%では最大25程度である。
本発明の冷延鋼板におけるセメンタイトは、組織全体に占める分率が5%以下で、鋼板の圧延方向断面における粒子断面の平均アスペクト比が3以下、鋼板の圧延方向断面における粒子断面の平均長径が1.0μm以下である。セメンタイトが過度に多い場合には、鋼板の打抜性が低下する。したがって、セメンタイトの分率は5%以下とする。なお、セメンタイトは微量存在すれば、前記の耐高温軟化性の改善効果が得られる。より好ましいセメンタイトの分率は1%以上であり、さらに好ましくは2%以上である。
フェライト、ベイナイトおよびパーライトからなる熱延鋼板に冷間圧延を施すと、熱延鋼板のベイナイト、パーライトを構成するセメンタイトが変形・分断される結果、フェライトを主相としてセメンタイトが分散した冷延鋼板が得られる。熱延鋼板の組織にマルテンサイトが存在すると、冷間圧延の圧延負荷が過度に高まるだけでなく、冷間圧延後にもマルテンサイトが残存して、冷延鋼板の耐高温軟化性が大幅に低下する。また、冷間圧延による変形が不均一になり易く、冷間圧延後の鋼板が昇温された際に、硬さの変動や平坦度の低下が生じ易くなる。したがって、熱延鋼板の組織はフェライト、ベイナイト、パーライトからなる組織とする。
熱間圧延を施す際の鋼片の加熱温度が1000℃未満では、必要な仕上温度の確保が困難となる。一方、加熱温度が1200℃を超えると、加熱に要するエネルギーが増大するうえ、スケール性欠陥等による鋼板の表面性状不良が生じ易い。したがって、熱間圧延前の鋼片の加熱温度は1000℃以上1200℃以下とする。好ましくは1050℃以上1150℃以下である。なお、鋼片の加熱においては、常温まで冷却した鋼片を再加熱してもよいし、鋳造後に冷却途中の鋼片を追加加熱あるいは保熱してもよい。
熱間圧延工程での仕上温度がAr3変態点を下回ると、フェライト変態が過度に促進されるとともに、熱延鋼板にて圧延方向に伸展したフェライト組織および未再結晶フェライト組織が鋼板表層部に形成されて板厚方向の鋼板組織の均一性が失われ、冷延鋼板とした後で昇温したときに、鋼板の平坦度が大きく低下することがある。一方、仕上温度が(Ar3変態点+200)℃を超えると、熱延鋼板の組織が粗大化し易く、鋼板の表面性状の不良も招き易い。したがって、仕上温度はAr3変態点以上(Ar3変態点+200)℃以下に限定する。好ましくは、(Ar3変態点+50)℃以上(Ar3変態点+150)℃以下である。なお、必要な仕上温度を確保するために、シートバーヒーターあるいはエッヂヒーターなどの加熱装置を利用して、圧延中の鋼板を追加加熱してもよい。
熱間圧延後の鋼板は、仕上温度から750℃までの温度範囲を40℃/s以上80℃/s以下の冷却速度で冷却(強制冷却)する。好ましくは50℃/s以上70℃/s以下である。この温度範囲での冷却速度が40℃/s未満の場合、熱延鋼板の組織が粗大化し易く、冷延鋼板で所望の形態のセメンタイトが得られない。一方、この温度範囲での冷却速度が80℃/sを超える場合、熱延鋼板にマルテンサイト或いは過度に多くのベイナイトが生成し易くなり、冷延鋼板の組織を所望の状態に調製できないうえ、冷延鋼板の耐高温軟化性が大幅に低下することがある。
冷却停止温度:500℃以上600℃以下
750℃から冷却停止温度までの温度範囲は、40℃/s以上60℃/s以下の冷却速度で冷却(強制冷却)する。この温度範囲での冷却速度が40℃/s未満または60℃/s超である場合は、熱延鋼板の組織中にフェライトが所望の分率で生成し難い。また、冷却停止温度(強制冷却を停止する温度)が600℃を超える場合には、第二相としてパーライトが過度に多くなり易い。一方、冷却停止温度が500℃を下回る場合には、第二相としてマルテンサイト或いは過度に多くのベイナイトが生成し易くなる。したがって、冷却停止温度は500℃以上600℃以下の範囲とする。好ましくは520℃以上580℃以下である。なお、強制冷却停止後の鋼板は、鋼板内部からの復熱および鋼の変態潜熱によって温度(表面温度)が上昇する場合もあるので、強制冷却停止後巻取機(コイラー)で巻き取るまでの間は放冷(空冷)する。
巻取温度が500℃未満の場合には、熱延鋼板の組織中にマルテンサイトや過度に多くのベイナイトが生成し易くなり、冷延鋼板の耐高温軟化性が大幅に低下する。一方、巻取温度が600℃を超える場合には、熱延鋼板の組織中にパーライトが多量に生成して、冷延鋼板の組織で所望の形態のセメンタイトが得られない。したがって、巻取温度は500℃以上600℃以下とする。好ましくは520℃以上580℃以下である。
熱延鋼板は、酸洗あるいはその他の手段によりデスケーリングした後、冷間圧延を施すことにより冷延鋼板とする。このとき、冷間圧下率が40%未満では、板厚方向に不均一な圧延加工組織となり易く、所望の形状のフェライト粒が得難くなる。また、冷間圧下率が40%未満では、冷間圧延後の鋼板が昇温された際に、硬さの変動や平坦度の低下が生じ易くなる。一方、冷間圧下率が80%を超える場合には、冷間圧延の負荷が過度に高まり、鋼板の製造性が低下する。したがって、冷間圧延の圧下率は40%以上80%以下とする。好ましくは50%以上70%以下である。
Claims (2)
- 質量%で、
C :0.10%以上0.25%以下、 Si:0.3%以下、
Mn:0.5%以上1.0%以下、 P :0.03%以下、
S :0.02%以下、 Al:0.01%以上0.08%以下、
Ti:0.010%以下、 Nb:0.010%以下、
B :0.0010%以下
を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる組成を有し、フェライト、ベイナイトおよびパーライトからなり、前記フェライトの組織全体に占める分率:50%以上80%以下、前記ベイナイトの組織全体に占める分率:15%以上45%以下、前記パーライトの組織全体に占める分率:10%以下である組織を有する熱延鋼板に、冷間圧延を施して得られる冷延鋼板であって、フェライトを主相としセメンタイトが分散した組織を有し、前記主相であるフェライトが、鋼板の圧延方向断面における平均アスペクト比:3以上の加工伸展粒であり、前記セメンタイトが、組織全体に占める分率:5%以下、鋼板の圧延方向断面における粒子断面の平均アスペクト比:3以下、平均長径:1.0μm以下であることを特徴とする硬質冷延鋼板。 - 質量%で、
C :0.10%以上0.25%以下、 Si:0.3%以下、
Mn:0.5%以上1.0%以下、 P :0.03%以下、
S :0.02%以下、 Al:0.01%以上0.08%以下、
Ti:0.010%以下、 Nb:0.010%以下、
B :0.0010%以下
を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる組成を有する鋼片を、
1000℃以上1200℃以下に加熱し、Ar3変態点以上(Ar3変態点+200)℃以下の仕上温度で熱間圧延を施し、前記仕上温度から750℃までの温度範囲を40℃/s以上80℃/s以下の冷却速度で冷却し、次いで750℃から500℃以上600℃以下の冷却停止温度までの温度範囲を40℃/s以上60℃/s以下の冷却速度で冷却したのち放冷し、500℃以上600℃以下の巻取温度で巻き取って熱延鋼板とし、該熱延鋼板をデスケーリングしたのち、40%以上80%以下の圧下率で冷間圧延することを特徴とする硬質冷延鋼板の製造方法。
Priority Applications (4)
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JP2015209560A (ja) * | 2014-04-25 | 2015-11-24 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | フルハード冷延鋼板 |
RU2681074C1 (ru) * | 2018-05-21 | 2019-03-01 | Публичное акционерное общество "Северсталь" (ПАО "Северсталь") | Способ производства коррозионностойкого проката из низколегированной стали |
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CN105886946B (zh) * | 2016-04-15 | 2018-06-08 | 芜湖德业摩擦材料有限公司 | 一种刹车片摩擦块的制备方法 |
CN111500935B (zh) * | 2020-06-09 | 2021-10-26 | 首钢集团有限公司 | 一种1000MPa级高强钢及其制备方法、应用 |
CN114381654B (zh) * | 2020-10-21 | 2022-11-15 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种780MPa级冷轧高强电镀锌钢板及其制造方法 |
CN112522607A (zh) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-03-19 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种q125钢级sew石油套管及其制造方法 |
CN116555673B (zh) * | 2023-05-08 | 2024-09-17 | 邯郸钢铁集团有限责任公司 | 一种屈服强度460MPa级低合金高强镀锌带钢及生产方法 |
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KR20150119951A (ko) | 2015-10-26 |
CN105051228B (zh) | 2017-04-12 |
TWI561643B (en) | 2016-12-11 |
JPWO2014148013A1 (ja) | 2017-02-16 |
TW201443247A (zh) | 2014-11-16 |
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KR101751242B1 (ko) | 2017-06-27 |
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