WO2014141746A1 - 計測装置および計測方法 - Google Patents
計測装置および計測方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014141746A1 WO2014141746A1 PCT/JP2014/051186 JP2014051186W WO2014141746A1 WO 2014141746 A1 WO2014141746 A1 WO 2014141746A1 JP 2014051186 W JP2014051186 W JP 2014051186W WO 2014141746 A1 WO2014141746 A1 WO 2014141746A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
- G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
- G01R15/18—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using inductive devices, e.g. transformers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/0092—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof measuring current only
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R21/00—Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a measuring device and a measuring method, which are provided with a measuring circuit that measures current and uses the current as a power source.
- a measuring device that takes out current by CT (Current Transformer) and measures the current.
- CT Current Transformer
- Such a measuring device is used, for example, to measure the power consumption of an electrical facility.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-131344 (Patent Document 1) and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-55356 (Patent Document 2) disclose that the output current of CT is used as a power source in such a device. Thereby, since wiring of an apparatus becomes unnecessary, power consumption can be measured finely for every electric equipment.
- the current measurement accuracy is lower than when the measurement circuit is not connected to the power supply circuit.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a measuring apparatus and a measuring method capable of accurately measuring a current.
- a measuring device includes a physical quantity conversion unit for converting a physical quantity into a current, a measurement circuit that measures an output current of the physical quantity conversion unit, a power supply circuit that receives the output of the measurement circuit, and a measurement circuit
- a circuit switching unit that switches between a first state that configures a circuit that inputs the output of the circuit to the power supply circuit and a second state that configures a circuit that directly inputs the output of the measurement circuit to the physical quantity converter, and is driven by the power circuit
- a switching control unit that controls the circuit switching unit.
- the switching control unit controls the circuit switching unit to be in a first state during standby, and controls the circuit switching unit to be in a second state during measurement.
- a measuring apparatus includes a physical quantity conversion unit including a connection unit for converting a physical quantity into a current and taking out an alternating current, and a first unit for rectifying the alternating current flowing through the connection unit into a direct current. At least one of the first and second rectifier circuits, the anode side of the first rectifier element on the ground side in the first rectifier circuit, and the anode side of the second rectifier element on the ground side in the second rectifier circuit.
- a measurement circuit for measuring the output current of the physical quantity conversion unit including a connected detection unit, a power supply circuit that receives the outputs of the first and second rectifier circuits, and a first rectifier circuit and a second rectifier circuit.
- a circuit switching unit that switches between a first state that constitutes a circuit that inputs the output to the power supply circuit and a second state that constitutes a circuit that directly inputs the output of the measurement circuit to the physical quantity conversion unit ,circuit And a switching control unit for controlling the exchange unit.
- the switching control unit controls the circuit switching unit to be in a first state during standby, and controls the circuit switching unit to be in a second state during measurement.
- a measuring device converts a physical quantity into a current and rectifies an output current converted by the physical quantity conversion section into a direct current, including a physical quantity conversion section including a connection section for taking out an alternating current.
- Rectifier circuit a measurement circuit that is connected in parallel with the rectifier circuit and measures the output current of the physical quantity converter, a power supply circuit that receives the output of the rectifier circuit, and a circuit that inputs the output of the rectifier circuit to the power supply circuit
- a circuit switching unit that switches between a first state that performs and a second state that configures a circuit that directly inputs the output of the measurement circuit to the physical quantity conversion unit, and a switching control that is driven by the power supply circuit and controls the circuit switching unit A part.
- the switching control unit controls the circuit switching unit to be in a first state during standby, and controls the circuit switching unit to be in a second state during measurement.
- a measurement method is a measurement method for measuring a current, wherein a conversion step for converting a physical quantity into a current in a physical quantity conversion unit and an output of the measurement circuit are input to a power supply circuit during standby.
- a circuit switching unit for switching between a first state that configures the circuit to be operated and a second state that configures a circuit that directly inputs the output of the measurement circuit to the physical quantity conversion unit is controlled to be in the first state.
- the current can be measured with high accuracy.
- the measuring apparatus converts a physical quantity into a current and uses the current as a power source. Conversion to current is performed by CT as a current transformer, for example.
- the CT converts the current flowing through the power line with a predetermined current transformation ratio and takes it out. In this case, the physical quantity is electric power.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a measuring apparatus 1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the measuring device 1 measures at least a current flowing through the power line 9.
- Measuring device 1 concerning this embodiment measures the power consumption in the electric equipment supplied via power line 9 by measuring the current which flows through power line 9.
- FIG. The measuring device 1 includes a measuring circuit 4, a rectifying circuit 5, a power supply circuit 6, and a switching circuit 7 as CT 2 and the secondary circuit 3 of CT 2.
- the measuring apparatus 1 is further provided with the monitoring part 10 connected to the secondary side circuit 3 of CT2.
- CT2 converts the primary side current If flowing in the power line 9 into a secondary side current, and takes it out from a pair of terminals (connection portions) 21 and 22. In this way, CT2 extracts the current to be measured.
- the measurement circuit 4 measures the output current Is from CT2.
- the measurement circuit 4 includes, for example, a resistor 40 as a detection unit for detecting the output current Is.
- this resistor is referred to as “detection resistor 40”.
- the rectifier circuit 5 rectifies the output current Is, which is an alternating current, into a direct current.
- the rectifier circuit 5 is provided in the subsequent stage of the detection resistor 40, but may be provided in the previous stage of the detection resistor 40. In this case, the detection resistor 40 detects the current rectified by the rectifier circuit 5.
- the power circuit 6 inputs a rectified direct current and uses the current as a power source.
- the power supply circuit 6 includes a charger 61 and a DC / DC converter 62.
- the charger 61 is, for example, a capacitor, but may be a secondary battery or the like.
- the DC / DC converter 62 converts the DC voltage from the charger 61 to a predetermined level and supplies power to the monitoring unit 10.
- the configuration of the power supply circuit 6 is not limited to such a configuration. For example, a converter or the like may be interposed before the charger 61.
- the switching circuit 7 is provided at a connection portion between the detection resistor 40 and the rectifier circuit 5.
- the switching circuit 7 electrically connects and disconnects the measurement circuit 4 and the power supply circuit 6. That is, the switching circuit 7 has a first state that constitutes a circuit that inputs the output of the measurement circuit 4 to the power supply circuit 5 and a second state that constitutes a circuit that directly inputs the output of the measurement circuit 4 to CT2. Switch.
- “directly input” means inputting without passing through the rectifier circuit 5 and the power supply circuit 6. Therefore, in the second state, a closed loop of current is formed between the measurement circuit 4 and CT2. Details of the switching circuit 7 will be described later.
- the monitoring unit 10 includes a voltage detection unit 11 for detecting a voltage, an MPU (Micro-Processing Unit) 12 that is a control device that executes various arithmetic processes, and a wireless I / F (interface) 13. Each unit of the monitoring unit 10 is driven by the power supply circuit 6.
- MPU Micro-Processing Unit
- I / F interface
- the voltage detector 11 detects a potential difference between both ends of the detection resistor 40.
- the voltage detector 11 includes an operational amplifier (not shown) for amplifying the voltage signal, and an A / D (Analog-to-Digital) converter (not shown) for converting the inputted voltage signal into a digital signal. ).
- the voltage detection unit 11 outputs the detected voltage signal to the MPU 12.
- the MPU 12 performs control for measuring the output current Is from the CT2.
- the MPU 12 includes, as its functional configuration, a measurement processing unit 121 that executes processing for measuring current and a switching control unit 122 that performs switching control of the switching circuit 7.
- the measurement processing unit 121 calculates the power consumption in the electrical facility based on the voltage signal obtained from the voltage detection unit 11. Specific control of the switching control unit 122 will also be described later.
- the wireless I / F 13 performs wireless communication with an external device (computer) (not shown). For example, the wireless I / F 13 transmits measurement data from the measurement processing unit 121 to an external device.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a configuration of a general secondary side circuit 103.
- secondary circuit 103 does not include switching circuit 7 as compared with secondary circuit 3 in FIG. 1.
- one terminal 21 of CT2 is connected to one end 5a of the rectifier circuit 5 via the detection resistor 40 (measurement circuit 4).
- the other terminal 22 of CT2 is connected to the other end 5b of the rectifier circuit 5.
- the rectifier circuit 5 is composed of four rectifier elements 51 to 54.
- a circuit composed of the two rectifying elements 51 and 52 on the one end 5a side is the first rectifying circuit
- a circuit composed of the two rectifying elements 53 and 54 on the other end 5b side is the second rectifying circuit. Also called a circuit.
- a voltage load is applied to one terminal 21 of CT2 by the input side voltage (hereinafter referred to as “power supply voltage”) Vout of the power supply circuit 6. Then, the voltage load affects the conversion characteristic (current output characteristic) of CT2, and the output current Is decreases from an ideal value. That is, even when the power supply voltage Vout does not reach the saturation voltage, the output current Is is reduced by applying a voltage load to the terminal 21 side.
- the ideal value is equal to the value of the output current in the secondary side circuit as shown in FIG. 4 described later, which does not include the rectifier circuit 5 and the power supply circuit 6.
- FIG. 18 is a graph showing the influence of the output current of CT2 when the general secondary side circuit 103 is used.
- FIG. 18 shows a graph in which the vertical axis represents the effective value (unit: uA) of the output current Is of CT2, and the horizontal axis represents the power supply voltage Vout (unit: V).
- a line L100 indicates an ideal output
- a line L101 indicates an output of a CT having a poor conversion characteristic (hereinafter referred to as “first CT”)
- a line L102 indicates a CT having a good conversion characteristic (hereinafter referred to as “second CT”). ").
- a core material silicon steel, a core cross-sectional area: 20 mm 2 , a core peripheral length: 110 mm, and a secondary winding number: 3000 is used.
- a core material ferrite, a core cross-sectional area: 54.24 mm 2 , a core peripheral length: 119.8 mm, and a secondary winding number: 3000 is used. That is, the second CT has a lower core magnetic resistance and is larger than the first CT. They are also different in material. Therefore, the second CT is more expensive than the first CT.
- FIG. 19 shows the charging characteristics of the charger 61 (FIG. 1) included in the power supply circuit 6 when the first CT is used.
- lines L201 to L204 indicate the charging characteristics of the charger 61 when the primary current If is 2A, 3A, 4A, and 5A, respectively.
- the output current Is is close to the ideal value while the power supply voltage Vout is low.
- the difference between the output current Is and the ideal value increases as the power supply voltage Vout increases. Therefore, it can be seen that even when the second CT is used for the general secondary circuit 103, the current (power) cannot be measured with high accuracy.
- measurement is performed at intervals, and the rectifier circuit 5 and the power supply circuit 6 are separated from the measurement circuit 4 at the time of measurement.
- the configuration of the secondary side circuit 3 according to the present embodiment will be described in detail below.
- the switching circuit 7 is connected in parallel to the rectifier circuit 5 on the current output end side of the detection resistor 40 as the detection unit. . Therefore, one terminal 21 of CT2 is connected to one end 7a of the switching circuit 7 and one end 5a of the rectifier circuit 5 via the detection resistor 40. The other terminal 22 of CT2 is connected to the other end 7b of the switching circuit 7 and the other end 5b of the rectifier circuit 5.
- the switching circuit 7 includes p-type FETs (Field effector transistors) 71 and 72 having the same polarity as a pair of switching elements.
- the FETs 71 and 72 having the same polarity are arranged in opposite directions in order to turn off the alternating current by both ⁇ .
- the drain of the FET 71 is connected to one end 7 a of the switching circuit 7.
- the source of the FET 71 is connected to the source of the FET 72 and is supplied with a predetermined voltage Vpull_up.
- the drain of the FET 72 is connected to the other end 7 b of the switching circuit 7.
- a predetermined voltage Vpull_up is applied to the gate of the FET 72 via the resistor 73.
- a control signal (CTL signal) from the switching control unit 122 of the MPU 12 is given to the gates of the FETs 71 and 72.
- the switching circuit 7 may include three or more switching elements.
- the FETs 71 and 72 When the FETs 71 and 72 are turned off, the measurement circuit 4 and the power supply circuit 6 are electrically connected. When the FETs 71 and 72 are turned on, the measurement circuit 4 and the power supply circuit 6 are electrically connected. Blocked. The FETs 71 and 72 are controlled by the switching control unit 122 of the MPU 12.
- the path of the output current Is according to the control of the switching control unit 122 will be described.
- the FETs 71 and 72 are turned on during measurement, and the FETs 71 and 72 are turned off at least during standby.
- the time of measurement represents a period during which the measurement processing by the measurement processing unit 121 is performed, that is, a period during which the voltage of the detection resistor 40 is detected by the voltage detection unit 11.
- the standby time is a period excluding at least the measurement time.
- the processing time of the measurement data is included in the standby time.
- the measurement data processing includes measurement data transmission processing and measurement data recording processing.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a path of the output current Is during power supply in the secondary circuit 3 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a path of the output current Is during measurement in the secondary circuit 3 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the switching control unit 122 turns off (non-conducting) the FETs 71 and 72 of the switching circuit 7 during standby.
- the one end 7 a and the other end 7 b of the switching circuit 7 are insulated, the output current Is that has passed through the measurement circuit 4 (detection resistor 40) flows to the rectifier circuit 5. Therefore, the charger 61 is charged by the direct current rectified by the rectifier circuit 5.
- the secondary side circuit 3 in this case has a circuit configuration equivalent to that of the general secondary side circuit 103 as shown in FIG.
- the switching control unit 122 outputs a control signal for turning on the FETs 71 and 72 of the switching circuit 7 at the time of measurement.
- one end 7a and the other end 7b of the switching circuit 7 are electrically connected.
- the predetermined voltage Vpull_up applied to the connection part of the FETs 71 and 72 is determined between the ground potential (0 V) and the power supply voltage Vout.
- the voltage at the contact 7a where the FETs 71 and 72 are connected to the current output terminal of the detection resistor 40 becomes a value between the ground potential (0V) and the power supply voltage Vout.
- a reverse bias voltage is applied to all the elements (diodes) 51 to 54.
- the secondary circuit 3 in this case has a circuit configuration equivalent to that of the simple measurement circuit 104 that does not have the power supply circuit 6 as shown in FIG.
- the switching control unit 122 outputs a control signal for turning off the FETs 71 and 72 of the switching circuit 7 again.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a measurement process executed by the measurement apparatus 1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the measurement process shown in FIG. 5 is realized by the MPU 12 executing a program stored in a storage unit (not shown).
- switching control unit 122 makes switching circuit 7 non-conductive (step S2).
- initial charging is started for the charger 61 of the power supply circuit 6 (step S4).
- the MPU 12 is activated and enters a standby state (step S6).
- the standby state here means a standby state in the MPU 12, and does not coincide with a standby state (standby time) in the switching control.
- the switching control unit 122 causes the switching circuit 7 to conduct for measurement processing (step S8). That is, an ON signal is transmitted to the gates of the FETs 71 and 72. As a result, as shown in FIG. 3, the output current Is does not flow toward the power supply circuit 6 (charger 61) but flows through the measurement circuit 4.
- the measurement processing unit 121 of the MPU 12 starts measurement processing (step S10). The measurement process by the measurement processing unit 121 is performed for a certain time, for example.
- the switching control unit 122 makes the switching circuit 7 non-conductive again (step S12). That is, an OFF signal is transmitted to the gates of the FETs 71 and 72. Thereby, as shown in FIG. 2, the output current Is flows to the power supply circuit 6 side.
- the measurement processing unit 121 transmits measurement data based on the measurement process in step S10 to the external device (step S14). Specifically, the measurement data is transmitted to the external device via the wireless I / F 13. When the transmission process ends, the MPU 12 again enters a standby state.
- the process returns to step S8 and the above process is repeated.
- the measurement data is transmitted (step S14) every time the measurement process is performed (step S10).
- the measurement data may be transmitted every predetermined number of times, for example. In that case, the measurement data is recorded in a storage unit (not shown) of the device itself or a removable recording medium (not shown), and when the measurement data is transmitted, the recorded measurement data is It only has to be read out.
- the switching circuit 7 is rendered conductive only during measurement, and as a result, the secondary circuit 3 is set to the “second state” described above.
- the switching circuit 7 is turned off, so that the secondary circuit 3 is set to the “first state” described above.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a first operation result of the measuring apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a second operation result of the measuring apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the first operation result the change in the power supply voltage Vout during each operation when CT2 is mounted as the first CT is shown along the time axis.
- the second operation result the change in the power supply voltage Vout during each operation when CT2 is mounted as the second CT is shown along the time axis.
- step S4 in FIG. 5 the voltage change during the initial charge (step S4 in FIG. 5) is shown.
- a voltage change at the time of starting the MPU 12 (step S6 in FIG. 5) is shown.
- a voltage change during the measurement process and the transmission process (steps S10 and S14 in FIG. 5) is shown.
- the voltage change when the MPU 12 is in the standby state (step S16 in FIG. 5) is shown.
- the power supply voltage Vout suddenly drops due to the measurement process and the transmission process.
- the subsequent measurement process and transmission process can be appropriately executed regardless of which of the first CT and the second CT is used as CT2.
- the switching circuit 7 is realized by the FETs 71 and 72 with low power consumption, so that the power supply to the power supply circuit 6 is not affected even if the switching control as described above is performed. Necessary processing (measurement processing, transmission processing, etc.) can be performed.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing measurement errors of the measurement apparatus 1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention and the measurement apparatuses in Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
- Comparative Example 1 is a measurement device in which the secondary circuit is the circuit 103 shown in FIG. 17 and CT2 is mounted on the first CT.
- Comparative Example 2 is a measuring device in which the secondary side circuit is the circuit 103 shown in FIG. 17 and CT2 is mounted on the second CT.
- CT2 is implemented as the first CT.
- FIG. 8 shows a graph in which the horizontal axis represents the power supply voltage Vout (V) and the vertical axis represents the measurement error (%).
- the measurement error indicates an error from a measurement value (ideal value) in the measurement circuit 104 as shown in FIG.
- the measurement circuit 104 does not include the rectifier circuit 5 and the power supply circuit 6 in the subsequent stage of the measurement circuit 4.
- the measurement error in Comparative Example 1 is shown on line L11
- the measurement error in Comparative Example 2 is shown on line L12. Further, the measurement error in the present embodiment is shown on the line L10.
- the output current Is is affected as described above. Therefore, as indicated by the line L11, in the case of the first CT having poor conversion characteristics, the error exceeds 70% even when the power supply voltage Vout is 0V. Also, as shown by the line L12, even in the case of the second CT with good conversion characteristics, the error increases as the power supply voltage Vout increases, and the error is close to 10% near the saturation voltage.
- the measurement apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment, even when CT2 is mounted with the first CT having poor conversion characteristics, the measurement error regardless of the power supply voltage. It can be seen that is approximately 0%. Thus, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to accurately measure the current regardless of the conversion characteristics of CT2. As a result, downsizing and cost reduction of the device can be achieved.
- the switching circuit 7 is realized by a pair of p-type FETs, but may be realized by an n-type FET. Only differences from the first embodiment will be described below.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a configuration of the secondary side circuit 3A according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the same components as those of the secondary side circuit 3 shown in FIG. therefore, description thereof will not be repeated. The same applies to the following embodiments.
- secondary circuit 3A includes switching circuit 7A in place of switching circuit 7 in the first embodiment.
- the position where the switching circuit 7A is connected is the same as in the first embodiment.
- the switching circuit 7A includes a pair of n-type FETs 71A and 72A having the same polarity.
- the drain of the FET 71A is connected to one end 7a of the switching circuit 7.
- the source of the FET 71A is connected to the source of the FET 72A and is supplied with a predetermined voltage Vpull_down.
- the drain of the FET 72A is connected to the other end 7b of the switching circuit 7.
- a predetermined voltage Vpull_down is applied to the gate of the FET 72A.
- a control signal from the switching control unit 122 of the MPU 12 is given to the gates of the FETs 71A and 72A.
- a control signal is given to the gate of the FET 72A through the resistor 73.
- the predetermined voltage Vpull_down applied to the connection portion of the FETs 71A and 72A is determined between the ground potential (0 V) and the power supply voltage Vout.
- the p-type or n-type FET is employed as the switching element.
- the present invention is not limited to the FET, and a bipolar transistor or the like may be employed.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration of the secondary side circuit 3B according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- secondary circuit 3B includes measurement circuit 4A and switching circuit 7B instead of measurement circuit 4 and switching circuit 7 of the first embodiment.
- the measurement circuit 4A includes a detection resistor 41 connected to the anode side 5c of the rectifying element 51 and a detection resistor 42 connected to the anode side 5d of the rectifying element 54.
- the rectifying element 51 is a diode on the ground side in the first rectifying circuit.
- the rectifier element 54 is a ground-side diode in the second rectifier circuit. That is, one end of each of the detection resistors 41 and 42 is grounded.
- the voltages of the detection resistors 41 and 42 are detected by the voltage detector 11 (FIG. 1).
- the measurement processing unit 121 (FIG. 1) of the MPU 12 measures power based on each voltage. It is assumed that the detection resistors 41 and 42 are selected so that the measured voltage does not exceed the power supply voltage Vout.
- the switching circuit 7B includes two n-type FETs 71A and 72A.
- the FET 71A is connected between the terminal 21 of CT2 and the anode side 5c of the rectifying element 51, that is, the other end of the detection resistor 41.
- the FET 72A is connected between the terminal 22 of CT2 and the anode side 5d of the rectifying element 54, that is, the other end of the detection resistor 42.
- a control signal is supplied to the gates of the FETs 71A and 72A.
- a resistor 73 is connected between the gates of the FETs 71A and 72A and the ground.
- the switching control unit 122 sets the FETs 71A and 72A to be non-conductive at the time of non-measurement, and sets the FETs 71A and 72A to be conductive at the time of measurement.
- the secondary circuit 3B is in a state of configuring a circuit that inputs the outputs of the first and second rectifier circuits to the power supply circuit 6.
- it is in the state which comprises the circuit which inputs the output of the measurement circuit 4A directly into CT2.
- the measurement circuit 4A does not exist between the terminal 21 of CT2 and the input terminal 5a of the rectifier circuit 5. Therefore, when the FETs 71A and 72A are non-conductive at the time of non-measurement, the high voltage is not applied to the detection resistors 41 and 42, so that the measurement circuit 4A can be protected.
- the measurement circuit 4A includes the two detection resistors 41 and 42 whose one ends are grounded, but may include only one of them.
- the secondary circuit 3C in this case is shown in FIG.
- the voltage detection unit 11 (FIG. 1) only needs to detect the voltage of the detection resistor 41 as in the first embodiment.
- the switching circuit 7B is realized by the n-type FETs 71A and 72A, it may be realized by other switching elements such as a p-type FET.
- the switching circuit is realized by the switching element.
- the switching circuit is not limited to the switching element, and may be realized by an analog switch or a solid state relay.
- the configuration of the secondary circuit when the switching circuit is realized by an analog switch will be described.
- 12 and 13 are diagrams showing the configuration of the secondary circuit 3D according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. 12 and 13 show the paths of the output current Is during non-measurement and measurement, respectively.
- secondary side circuit 3D includes a switching circuit 7C in place of switching circuit 7 of the first embodiment.
- the switching circuit 7C includes two switches 74 and 75.
- the switch 75 is connected in parallel with the rectifier circuit 5 on the current output end side of the detection resistor 40.
- the switch 74 is connected in series with the detection resistor 40 on the downstream side of the terminal 7a on the detection resistor 40 side of the switch 75. More specifically, one end of each of the switches 74 and 75 is connected to the current output end side (terminal 7a) of the detection resistor 40.
- the other end of the switch 74 is connected to one end 5 a of the rectifier circuit 5.
- the other end of the switch 75 is connected between the terminal 22 of CT2 and the other end 5b of the rectifier circuit 5 (terminal 7b).
- the switch 75 is turned off and the switch 74 is turned on by the switching control unit 122 (FIG. 1).
- the terminal 7a and the terminal 7b are insulated, and the terminal 7a and the one end 5a of the rectifier circuit are electrically connected. Therefore, the output current Is flows only to the rectifier circuit 5 side, and power is supplied to the power supply circuit 6.
- the switch 75 is turned on and the switch 74 is turned off.
- the terminal 7a and the terminal 7b are electrically connected, and the terminal 7a and the one end 5a of the rectifier circuit are insulated. Therefore, the output current Is does not flow to the rectifier circuit 5 but flows only through the measurement circuit 4.
- the switching circuit is realized by a pair of analog switches as in the present embodiment, a power source is required to operate the switches. Therefore, it is desirable that the measuring apparatus according to the present embodiment is separately mounted with a primary battery (not shown), for example, for the operation of the switch.
- the configuration is such that the output current Is passes through the detection resistor even when power is supplied (not measured).
- the configuration may be such that it does not pass through the detection resistor when power is supplied.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a configuration of a secondary circuit 3E according to the first modification of the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the detection resistor 40 is connected in parallel with the rectifier circuit 5.
- One end and the other end of the parallel circuit are shown as terminals 8a and 8b, respectively.
- the switch 74 is connected between the terminal 8 a and the one end 5 a of the rectifier circuit 5.
- the switch 75 is connected in series to the current output end side of the detection resistor 40 in the parallel circuit.
- the switching control by the switching control unit 122 is the same as that in the fourth embodiment.
- the secondary side circuit 3E is in a state of constituting a circuit that inputs the output of the rectifier circuit 5 to the power supply circuit 6 when not measuring.
- a circuit is configured to directly input the output of the measurement circuit 4C to CT2.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a configuration of the secondary circuit 3F according to the second modification of the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the position of switch 74 is different from that in FIG. 14.
- a predetermined voltage Vpull_up is supplied to a connection point 8c between the detection resistor 40 and the switch 75, and a switch 74 is connected on the voltage supply path.
- the switching control unit 122 (FIG. 1) turns off the switches 74 and 75 when not measuring, and turns on the switches 74 and 75 when measuring.
- the voltage Vpull_up is determined between the ground potential (0 V) and the output voltage Vout to the power supply circuit 6.
- a reverse bias voltage is applied to all four rectifier diodes 51 to 54 of the rectifier circuit 5. Therefore, at the time of measurement, the output current Is flows only to the detection resistor 40 side via the terminal 8a.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a configuration of a secondary side circuit 3G according to the third modification of the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the position of switch 74 is different from that in FIG.
- the predetermined voltage Vpull_up is supplied to the connection point 8c between the detection resistor 40 and the switch 75.
- the switch 74 is connected in series to the current input end side of the detection resistor 40 in a parallel circuit.
- the switching control of the switches 74 and 75 in this case is the same as that in the second modification.
- the power supply circuit is electrically disconnected from the measurement circuit (detection resistor) at the time of measurement, so that the measurement accuracy can be improved. Therefore, current measurement and power supply can be appropriately performed only by mounting one small CT having a high magnetic resistance as an element for converting a physical quantity into a current. As a result, it is possible to reduce the size and cost of the measuring device.
- the measurement processing unit 121 illustrated in FIG. 1 detects a current or a voltage with a measurement circuit and measures (calculates) each physical quantity.
- the physical quantity is i) wind power quantity and ii) hydraulic quantity
- a motor is employed as the conversion element.
- a Peltier element is adopted as the conversion element.
- a photoelectric element is employed as the conversion element.
- the measurement accuracy may be affected when the power supply voltage in the subsequent stage is relatively high with respect to the power generation amount. More specifically, when the conversion element is a motor, an unnecessary torque may be applied to the rotation of the motor due to the power supply voltage, and the output may decrease. Further, when the conversion element is a Peltier element or a photoelectric element, the current corresponding to the voltage generated between the elements may not be output due to the power supply voltage, as in the case of CT. Therefore, usable elements are limited, and the degree of freedom in product design may be greatly limited. However, by using the secondary side circuit as in each of the above embodiments and modifications, usable elements are not limited. Therefore, in any case, it is possible to reduce the size and cost of the measuring device.
- 1 measuring device 2 CT (current transformer), 3, 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 3E, 3F, 3G secondary circuit, 4, 4A, 4B, 104 measuring circuit, 5 rectifier circuit, 6 power circuit, 7, 7A, 7B, 7C switching circuit, 9 power line, 10 monitoring unit, 11 voltage detection unit, 12 MPU, 13 wireless I / F, 40, 41, 42 detection resistor, 51, 52, 53, 54 rectifier, 61 charger, 62 DC / DC converter, 71, 71A, 72, 72A FET, 73 resistor, 121 measurement processing unit, 122 switching control unit.
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Abstract
Description
本実施の形態に係る計測装置は、物理量を電流に変換し、その電流を電源として利用する。電流への変換は、たとえば変流器としてのCTによって行われる。CTは、電力線に流れる電流を所定の変流比により変換して取り出す。この場合、物理量は電力である。
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る計測装置1の構成図である。図1を参照して、計測装置1は、少なくとも、電力線9に流れる電流を計測する。本実施の形態に係る計測装置1は、電力線9に流れる電流を計測することで、電力線9を介して供給される電気設備における消費電力を計測する。計測装置1は、CT2と、CT2の二次側回路3として、計測回路4と、整流回路5と、電源回路6と、切替回路7とを備える。また、計測装置1は、CT2の二次側回路3に接続される監視部10をさらに備える。
図17は、一般的な二次側回路103の構成を示す図である。図17を参照して、二次側回路103は、図1の二次側回路3と比較すると、切替回路7を含まない。二次側回路103において、CT2の一方の端子21は、検出抵抗器40(計測回路4)を介して整流回路5の一端5aに接続されている。CT2の他方の端子22は、整流回路5の他端5bに接続されている。整流回路5は、4つの整流素子51~54で構成される。以下の説明において、一端5a側の2つの整流素子51,52で構成される回路を第1の整流回路、他端5b側の2つの整流素子53,54で構成される回路を第2の整流回路ともいう。
再び図1を参照して、本実施の形態に係る二次側回路3では、切替回路7が、検出部としての検出抵抗器40の電流出力端側において、整流回路5に並列接続されている。したがって、CT2の一方の端子21は、検出抵抗器40を介して切替回路7の一端7aおよび整流回路5の一端5aに接続されている。CT2の他方の端子22は、切替回路7の他端7bおよび整流回路5の他端5bに接続されている。
このような切替制御部122による切替制御を含む計測装置1の動作について説明する。
最後に、上記動作による計測データの信頼性についての検証結果を示す。
上記実施の形態1では、切替回路7を1対のp型FETにより実現したが、n型FETにより実現することもできる。以下に、実施の形態1との相違点のみ説明する。
本実施の形態では、二次側回路において、検出抵抗器が接地電位と整流素子との間にある構成について説明する。ただし、この場合も、切替回路は、計測回路(検出抵抗器)と整流回路との接続部分に設けられる。以下に、実施の形態1との相違点のみ説明する。
実施の形態3では、計測回路4Aに、一端が接地された2つの検出抵抗器41,42を含めたが、いずれか一方のみを含んでいてもよい。この場合の二次側回路3Cを図11に示す。
上記実施の形態1~3では、切替回路がスイッチング素子により実現されたが、スイッチング素子に限定されず、アナログスイッチや、ソリッドステートリレーによって実現されてもよい。本実施の形態では、切替回路をアナログスイッチで実現した場合の二次側回路の構成について説明する。
実施の形態4では、電力供給時(非計測時)にも、出力電流Isが検出抵抗器を通過する構成であったが、電力供給時には、検出抵抗器を通過しない構成としてもよい。
また、上記変形例1のように、検出抵抗器40を整流回路5と並列接続する場合、図15のような構成としてもよい。
あるいは、検出抵抗器40を整流回路5と並列接続する場合、図16のような構成としてもよい。
Claims (11)
- 物理量を電流に変換するための物理量変換部と、
前記物理量変換部の出力電流を計測する計測回路と、
前記計測回路の出力を入力とする電源回路と、
前記計測回路の出力を前記電源回路に入力する回路を構成する第1の状態と、前記計測回路の出力を前記物理量変換部に直接入力する回路を構成する第2の状態とを切替える回路切替部と、
前記電源回路によって駆動され、前記回路切替部の制御を行う切替制御部とを備え、
前記切替制御部は、待機時に前記回路切替部を前記第1の状態となるように制御し、計測時には前記回路切替部を前記第2の状態となるように制御することを特徴とする、計測装置。 - 前記物理量変換部の出力電流は交流であり、
前記物理量変換部による変換後の出力電流を直流電流に整流するための整流回路をさらに備える、請求項1に記載の計測装置。 - 前記物理量変換部は、交流電流を取り出すための接続部を含み、
前記計測回路は、電流を検出するための検出部を含み、
前記検出部の電流入力端は、前記接続部の一方に接続され、
前記整流回路は、前記検出部の電流出力端側に接続され、
前記回路切替部は、前記検出部の電流出力端側と前記整流回路との間に接続されている、請求項2に記載の計測装置。 - 前記回路切替部は、それぞれが前記検出部の電流出力端と前記接続部の他方とに接続される同一極性の第1および第2のスイッチング素子を含む、請求項3に記載の計測装置。
- 前記回路切替部が前記第2の状態であるときに、前記第1および第2のスイッチング素子が前記検出部の電流出力端に接続される接点の電圧は、接地電位と、前記電源回路の入力側電圧との間の値になるように設定される、請求項4に記載の計測装置。
- 前記切替制御部は、待機時に前記第1および第2のスイッチング素子を非導通とすることで前記回路切替部を前記第1の状態とし、計測時に前記第1および第2のスイッチング素子を導通させることで前記回路切替部を前記第2の状態とする、請求項4または5に記載の計測装置。
- 前記第1および第2のスイッチング素子は、n型またはp型FET、もしくは、バイポーラトランジスタを含む、請求項4~6のいずれかに記載の計測装置。
- 前記物理量変換部は、電力線に流れる電流を、所定の変流比により変換して取り出す変流器で構成される、請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の計測装置。
- 物理量を電流に変換し、交流電流を取り出すための接続部を含む物理量変換部と、
それぞれが前記接続部に流れる交流電流を直流電流に整流するための第1および第2の整流回路と、
前記第1の整流回路における接地側の第1の整流素子のアノード側、および、前記第2の整流回路における接地側の第2の整流素子のアノード側の少なくとも一方に接続される検出部を含む、前記物理量変換部の出力電流を計測するための計測回路と、
前記第1および第2の整流回路の出力を入力とする電源回路と、
前記第1および第2の整流回路の出力を前記電源回路に入力する回路を構成する第1の状態と、前記計測回路の出力を前記物理量変換部に直接入力する回路を構成する第2の状態とを切替える回路切替部と、
前記電源回路によって駆動され、前記回路切替部の制御を行う切替制御部とを備え、
前記切替制御部は、待機時に前記回路切替部を前記第1の状態となるように制御し、計測時には前記回路切替部を前記第2の状態となるように制御することを特徴とする、計測装置。 - 物理量を電流に変換し、交流電流を取り出すための接続部を含む物理量変換部と、
前記物理量変換部による変換後の出力電流を直流電流に整流するための整流回路と、
前記整流回路と並列接続され、前記物理量変換部の出力電流を計測する計測回路と、
前記整流回路の出力を入力とする電源回路と、
前記整流回路の出力を前記電源回路に入力する回路を構成する第1の状態と、前記計測回路の出力を前記物理量変換部に直接入力する回路を構成する第2の状態とを切替える回路切替部と、
前記電源回路によって駆動され、前記回路切替部の制御を行う切替制御部とを備え、
前記切替制御部は、待機時に前記回路切替部を前記第1の状態となるように制御し、計測時には前記回路切替部を前記第2の状態となるように制御することを特徴とする、計測装置。 - 電流を計測するための計測方法であって、
物理量変換部において物理量を電流に変換する変換ステップと、
待機時に、計測回路の出力を電源回路に入力する回路を構成する第1の状態と前記計測回路の出力を前記物理量変換部に直接入力する回路を構成する第2の状態とを切替えるための回路切替部を、前記第1の状態となるように制御することで、前記変換ステップによる変換後の出力電流を前記電源回路に供給するステップと、
前記待機時以外の期間に、前記回路切替部を前記第2の状態となるように制御することで、前記変換ステップによる変換後の出力電流を計測するステップとを含む、計測方法。
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