WO2014136981A1 - 金属性単層カーボンナノチューブと半導体性単層カーボンナノチューブとの分離方法 - Google Patents
金属性単層カーボンナノチューブと半導体性単層カーボンナノチューブとの分離方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014136981A1 WO2014136981A1 PCT/JP2014/056214 JP2014056214W WO2014136981A1 WO 2014136981 A1 WO2014136981 A1 WO 2014136981A1 JP 2014056214 W JP2014056214 W JP 2014056214W WO 2014136981 A1 WO2014136981 A1 WO 2014136981A1
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- walled carbon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D475/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing pteridine ring systems
- C07D475/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing pteridine ring systems containing pteridine ring systems condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D475/14—Benz [g] pteridines, e.g. riboflavin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/158—Carbon nanotubes
- C01B32/168—After-treatment
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- the present invention relates to a method for efficiently separating a single-walled carbon nanotube (hereinafter referred to as CNT) including metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes and semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes.
- CNT single-walled carbon nanotube
- Carbon nanotubes are tubular materials with a diameter of several nanometers to several tens of nanometers made by rolling a graphene sheet (layer consisting of carbon six-membered rings) into a cylindrical shape, and have thermal and chemical stability and dynamics. It is attracting attention as an excellent nanomaterial having high mechanical strength, electronic conductivity, thermal conductivity, and spectral characteristics extending to the near infrared region.
- the CNT includes a single-layer CNT (hereinafter referred to as SWNT) in which the graphene sheet is a single layer, a double-layer CNT (hereinafter referred to as DWNT) in which the graphene sheet is in two layers, and a multi-layer CNT having two or more graphene sheets (hereinafter referred to as CNT).
- SWNT single-layer CNT
- DWNT double-layer CNT
- CNT multi-layer CNT having two or more graphene sheets
- SWNTs can be classified into armchair type, zigzag type, and chiral type depending on their chirality (helicalness), and the structural surface such as diameter changes, and its electrical characteristics (band gap, electron quasi It is known that the position etc. changes depending on the chiral angle. It is known that armchair-type carbon nanotubes have metallic electrical characteristics, and carbon nanotubes having other chiral angles can have semiconducting electrical characteristics.
- the band gap of the single-walled carbon nanotube hereinafter referred to as “semiconductor SWNT”) having semiconducting electrical characteristics varies depending on chirality. Utilizing these physical properties, semiconducting SWNTs are expected as materials for high performance transistors, ultrashort light pulse generation, optical switches, and the like.
- metal SWNTs single-walled carbon nanotubes with metallic electrical properties can be used as transparent electrodes for liquid crystal displays and solar cell panels as an alternative to transparent conductive materials using rare metals. Is expected.
- SWNTs are synthesized by various methods such as a laser evaporation method, an arc discharge method, and a chemical vapor deposition method (CVD method).
- any synthesis method can be obtained only in the form of a mixture of metallic SWNT and semiconducting SWNT.
- CVD method chemical vapor deposition method
- the conventional methods have a problem that a multi-step process is required and the yield of SWNT is poor. This presents a major obstacle to commercialization (industrial).
- the conventional method has problems that it is difficult to remove the dispersant used for separation, and that the length of the separated SWNT is short. This causes an increase in resistivity in the application using the metallic SWNT, and a decrease in transistor performance in the application of the semiconductor SWNT.
- Non-patent Document 1 there is a method in which CNT dispersed with a surfactant is subjected to dielectrophoresis on a microelectrode. Also, a SWNT solution dispersed with a water-soluble flavin derivative is prepared, and a surfactant is added to the SWNT solution to produce a specific chirality SWNT dispersed with a flavin derivative and a specific chirality SWNT dispersed with a surfactant. There is a method of separating by removing the surfactant-dispersed SWNTs by salting out (Non-patent Document 2).
- Patent Document 1 a method of separating a semiconducting SWNT by dispersing a mixture of semiconducting SWNTs and metallic SWNTs in a liquid, selectively bonding metallic SWNTs to particles, removing metallic SWNTs bound to the particles.
- Patent Document 1 By adjusting the pH and ionic strength of the SWNT solution dispersed with a surfactant, different levels of protonation occur depending on the type of SWNT, and the metal type and the semiconductor type are separated by applying an electric field.
- Patent Document 9 and SWNT dispersed by nucleic acid molecules are separated by ion exchange chromatography
- Patent Document 3 there is a method of separating SWNTs dispersed with a surfactant into metallic SWNTs and semiconducting SWNTs by density gradient ultracentrifugation.
- Non-patent Document 6 there is a method of selectively burning semiconducting SWNTs with hydrogen peroxide. Also, after treating SWNT with a nitronium ion-containing solution, filtration and heat treatment to remove metallic SWNT contained in SWNT to obtain semiconducting SWNT (Patent Document 2), a method using sulfuric acid and nitric acid (patent Reference 3), there is a method of obtaining a semiconducting SWNT having a narrow electric conductivity range by selectively moving and separating SWNTs by applying an electric field (Patent Document 4).
- Non-Patent Documents 7 to 10 polyfluorene derivatives
- Non-Patent Document 11 polyalkylcarbazole
- Non-Patent Document 12 polyalkylthiophene
- the work process is one step, and ultracentrifugation is not required for separation.
- the yield of dispersed semiconducting SWNTs is low.
- the dispersant is a polymer, there is a problem that it is strongly adsorbed with SWNT and is extremely difficult to remove after separation.
- Non-patent Document 13 a method of dispersing SWNT by synthesizing an oligomeric fluorene derivative
- Non-Patent Document 14 an adsorbing power to SWNT by changing the polymer structure by photoreaction
- Non-Patent Document 15 a method of weakening the adsorption power to SWNT by changing the solvent conditions using a foldermer
- JP 2007-31238 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-325020 JP 2005-194180 A JP 2005-104750 A JP 2006-512276 A International Publication No. 2009/75293 JP 2011-168417 A JP 2011-195431 A JP 2005-527455 A
- the conventional methods described above have problems such as requiring a multi-step process and a poor yield of SWNT, and these problems give great obstacles to industrialization. Further, the conventional method has problems that it is difficult to remove the dispersant used for separation, and that the length of the separated SWNT is short. This causes an increase in resistivity in the application using the metallic SWNT, and a decrease in transistor performance in the application using the semiconductor SWNT. Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a novel method for efficiently separating metallic SWNTs and semiconducting SWNTs from SWNTs, which can solve the above problems.
- the present inventor has intensively studied to solve the above problems. As a result, it has been found that metallic SWNTs and semiconducting SWNTs can be separated from SWNTs by selectively dispersing (solubilizing) semiconducting SWNTs with a low molecular weight compound. It was also found that low molecular weight compounds can be removed from SWNTs by washing with a solvent, and SWNTs can be redispersed using another surfactant or the like. The present invention has been completed.
- the low molecular compound here is a low molecular compound having an alkyl chain site for showing solubility in a solvent and a site having an aromatic ring for interacting with a single-walled carbon nanotube.
- Preferred are flavin derivatives soluble in organic solvents. Specific steps are not limited, but, for example, a flavin derivative and SWNT are added to an organic solvent, and ultrasonic waves are irradiated to disperse SWNTs, and the dispersion is centrifuged to obtain a supernatant ( As a solution portion), a solution in which semiconducting SWNTs are dispersed can be obtained.
- metallic SWNT can be obtained as a precipitate (solid part) containing it.
- the present invention is as follows.
- the method comprising dispersing SWNTs in a solution containing a low molecular weight compound having a site having, and separating the dispersed solution into a solution part and a solid part.
- the low molecular compound is not particularly limited as long as it is a low molecular compound having chirality selectivity, and examples thereof include those containing a flavin derivative, specifically, 10-dodecyl-7 , 8-Dimethyl-10H-benzo [g] pteridine-2,4-dione (the chemical structural formula is shown in Structural Formula (1) below) and / or 10-octadecyl-7,8-dimethyl-10H-benzo [g] Those containing pteridine-2,4-dione may be mentioned.
- the separation method of (1) it is preferable that the semiconducting SWNT solubilized in the solution portion is contained, and the metallic SWNT is contained in the solid portion.
- the dispersion is performed, for example, by stirring, shaking, ball mill, or ultrasonic irradiation, and the separation is performed, for example, by standing, filtration, membrane separation, centrifugation, or ultracentrifugation.
- the separation method (1) may be, for example, a method further comprising recovering semiconducting SWNTs from the solution part and / or recovering metallic SWNTs from the solid part.
- a separating agent for metallic SWNTs and semiconducting SWNTs comprising a low-molecular compound having an alkyl chain site for showing solubility in a solvent and a site having an aromatic ring for interacting with SWNTs.
- the low molecular compound is not particularly limited as long as it is a low molecular compound having chirality selectivity, and examples thereof include those containing a flavin derivative, specifically, 10-dodecyl-7 , 8-Dimethyl-10H-benzo [g] pteridine-2,4-dione (the chemical structural formula is shown in Structural Formula (1) below) and / or 10-octadecyl-7,8-dimethyl-10H-benzo [g] Those containing pteridine-2,4-dione may be mentioned.
- SWNT in which semiconducting SWNTs and metallic SWNTs are separated with an inexpensive facility having a one-step work process.
- SWNTs that are longer than conventional methods can be obtained with a high recovery rate.
- the dispersing agent can be removed after the separation, the application to a wide range of uses is not limited by the separation.
- FC12 10-dodecyl-7,8-dimethyl-10H-benzo [g] pteridine-2,4-dione
- FC12 the absorption spectrum of SWNT dispersed in toluene
- FC12 the absorption spectrum of FC12
- FIG. 1 the absorption of metallic SWNT is observed at 400 to 600 nm, but no absorption peak is observed at 500 to 600 nm in the absorption spectrum of SWNT dispersed with FC12.
- 950 ⁇ 1600 nm is the absorption derived from E s 11 of semiconducting SWNT.
- 600 ⁇ 900 nm is the absorption derived from E s 22 of semiconducting SWNT.
- each SWNT semiconductor SWNT and metallic SWNT
- MD Molecular Dynamics
- One of the flavin derivatives is 10-dodecyl-7,8-dimethyl-10H-benzo [g] pteridine-2,4-dione (dmC12 or FC12) or 10-octadecyl-7,8-dimethyl-10H-benzo [ g] Absorption spectrum (UV-vis-NIR) and photoluminescence spectrum (2D-PL) of SWNT dispersed in toluene with pteridine-2,4-dione (hereinafter sometimes referred to as dmC18) FIG.
- the single-walled carbon nanotube is represented as “SWNT”
- the semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube is represented as “semiconductor SWNT”
- the metallic single-walled carbon nanotube is represented as “metallic SWNT”.
- the present invention is a method for separating metallic SWNT and semiconducting SWNT from SWNT formed by mixing metallic SWNT and semiconducting SWNT.
- the separation method is a method including dispersing SWNTs in a solution containing a low molecular compound having predetermined physical properties and structures, and separating the dispersion solution into a solution portion and a solid portion.
- solubilized semiconducting SWNTs are contained (separated) in the solution part, and metallic SWNTs are contained (separated) in the solid part.
- the separation method may also include recovering semiconducting SWNTs from the solution part and recovering metallic SWNTs from the solid part.
- examples of the SWNT to be separated include those synthesized by the HiPCO method, CoMocat method, ACCVD method, arc discharge method, laser ablation method, and the like.
- the low molecular weight compound used as a dispersant includes a low molecular weight compound having an alkyl chain portion for showing solubility in a solvent and a portion having an aromatic ring for interacting with SWNT.
- the low molecular compound is not particularly limited as long as it is a low molecular compound having chirality selectivity.
- a flavin derivative, particularly a flavin derivative soluble in an organic solvent is preferable.
- the alkyl group portion represented by -C 12 H 25 in the following structural formula has a length of the alkyl group within a range that can exhibit solubility in a solvent.
- an alkyl group represented by -C m H 2m + 1 (where m is preferably an integer of 5 to 25, more preferably an integer of 10 to 20). Etc. are preferable.
- a flavin derivative in the case where m is 18, that is, 10-octadecyl-7,8-dimethyl-10H-benzo [g] pteridine-2,4-dione (dmC18) is preferably exemplified.
- the flavin derivatives represented by the structural formula (1) are present at the 7-position and the 8-position.
- the methyl group (—CH 3 ) causes a CH- ⁇ interaction (ie, an attractive force acting between carbon-bonded hydrogen and the ⁇ -electron system) with SWNTs to be separated, and SWNTs (especially semiconductors) It is thought that it is important in that it can improve the solubility of the soluble SWNT).
- imido hydrogen (—NH—) present at the 3-position of the flavin derivative works to form dimers by using hydrogen bonds between the flavin derivatives to be used.
- the solvent used in the separation method of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a known organic solvent, and examples thereof include benzene, toluene, xylene, and ethylbenzene. Chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, chloromethylbenzene, bromobenzene, etc. Naphthalene derivatives and the like. Hexane, cyclohexane, THF, DMF and the like can be mentioned.
- a means for dispersing (preparing a dispersion solution) after adding a low molecular compound as a dispersant and SWNT as a separation target to the solvent is not particularly limited.
- stirring, shaking examples thereof include a ball mill and ultrasonic irradiation (bath type, probe type, cup type).
- the dispersion is preferably performed at a temperature of 5 to 80 ° C. (more preferably 10 to 40 ° C.) for 5 to 720 minutes (more preferably 10 to 180 minutes).
- the dispersion is preferably performed at a temperature of 5 to 80 ° C. (more preferably 10 to 40 ° C.) for 5 to 720 minutes (more preferably 10 to 180 minutes).
- the means for separating the dispersed solution into a solution part and a solid part after the dispersion is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include static, filtration, membrane separation, centrifugation, and ultracentrifugation.
- the means for recovering semiconducting SWNTs from the separated solution portion is not particularly limited, but for example, means for removing the solvent by natural drying, an evaporator, etc., or heating the solution portion, or for the dispersant Preferred is a means of once agglomerating by dropping a good solvent and then performing filtration or membrane separation.
- the means for removing the dispersant is not particularly limited, and preferred examples include recrystallization (precipitation using a change in solubility due to cooling), linear, sublimation, and combustion.
- the means for recovering the metallic SWNT from the solid portion after separation is not particularly limited, and preferred examples include means such as filtration, membrane separation, centrifugation, and ultracentrifugation.
- the dispersant includes, as an active ingredient, a low molecular compound having an alkyl chain portion for showing solubility in a solvent and a portion having an aromatic ring for interacting with single-walled carbon nanotubes.
- the low molecular compound is not particularly limited as long as it is a low molecular compound having chirality selectivity.
- a compound containing a flavin derivative is preferable.
- 10-dodecyl-7,8-dimethyl-10H-benzo [g] pteridine represented by the structural formula (1) is used.
- Those containing -2,4-dione (FC12 or dmC12) and the like are more preferable, but are not particularly limited thereto.
- the alkyl group represented by -C 12 H 25 in the structural formula (1) the length of the alkyl group may vary within a range in which solubility in a solvent can be exhibited.
- -C m H 2m + 1 where m is preferably an integer of 5 to 25, 10 An integer of ⁇ 20 is more preferable.
- m is preferably an integer of 5 to 25, 10
- An integer of ⁇ 20 is more preferable.
- a flavin derivative in the case where m is 18, that is, 10-octadecyl-7,8-dimethyl-10H-benzo [g] pteridine-2,4-dione (dmC18) is preferably exemplified.
- the separating agent of the present invention may contain other components as appropriate in addition to the low molecular weight compound as an active ingredient, and is not particularly limited.
- the absorption spectrum of the collected supernatant solution was measured.
- the solid line in FIG. 1 shows the visible and near infrared absorption spectra of SWNTs dispersed in toluene.
- the optical path length is 1 mm.
- first band gaps E s 11 and E s 22 of semiconducting SWNTs are seen. From these two bands, it is clear that FC12 has isolated and dispersed semiconducting SWNTs.
- the large visible absorption at a wavelength of 500 nm or less is due to FC12 (dotted line in FIG. 1, 0.1 mg / mL FC12 toluene solution).
- SWNTs are distributed in isolation.
- the SWNT concentration and yield are estimated to be approximately 0.05-0.12 mg / mL and 8-20%, respectively.
- SWNTs dispersed with sodium dodecyl sulfate containing both semiconducting SWNTs and metallic SWNTs have an extinction coefficient of 280 nm of 2.1 ⁇ 0.7 x 10 -5 mg mL -1 cm -1 (Kuwahara, S. et al, supra). Chem. Chem. Phys. 2009). Judging from the shape of the absorption spectrum of SWNT, the extinction coefficient in the visible region is approximately half of the extinction coefficient at 280 nm (Kuwahara, S. et al., Chem. Chem. Phys. 2009). When the yield is calculated from the spectrum of FIG. 1 using this calculation, it is 0.05 mg / mL when an absorbance of 600 nm is employed, and 0.12 mg / mL when an absorbance of 0.12 at 700 nm is employed.
- FIG. 2 shows a two-dimensional photoluminescence map of SWNTs dispersed in toluene. It can be seen that semiconducting SWNTs synthesized by the HiPCO method are almost uniformly solubilized.
- the collected supernatant solution was filtered through a membrane filter (PTFE 0.1 ⁇ m (Millipore)) and washed with acetone.
- the Raman spectrum of the filter paper was measured.
- HiPCO SWNTs were dispersed in water, filtered through a membrane filter (HTTP 0.4 ⁇ m (Millipore)), and the Raman spectrum of the filter paper was measured (excitation light wavelength 633 nm).
- the Raman spectrum is shown in FIG.
- the ratio of metallic / semiconductor of SWNT synthesized by HiPCO method is difficult to obtain from the absorption spectrum (Miyata, Y .; Yanagi, K .; Maniwa, Y .; Kataura , HJ Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112, 13187-13191.). Therefore, it is estimated from the peak area ratio of SWNT RBM in the Raman spectrum of 633 nm excitation (Non-patent Document 4). When calculated by the area of the RBM peak in the Raman spectrum, the ratio of Metallic / Semiconductor was 97.4% based on water-dispersed HiPCO.
- FIG. 4 shows an AFM image of SWNT.
- the length distribution was obtained from 48 randomly selected SWNT images. The length distribution is shown in FIG. The average length was 1.1 ⁇ m. Since the average length of semiconducting SWNT obtained by the conventional method is about 0.4 ⁇ m, SWNT having a length of about 2 to 3 times is obtained. This is because the amount of SWNT dispersed by FC12 is large. Since the dispersibility is good, it can be dispersed under mild conditions such as ultrasonic irradiation by a bath-type ultrasonic irradiator, so that SWNT can be prevented from being shortened by ultrasonic waves.
- FC12 atomic force microscope
- the recovered supernatant solution (30 mL) was cooled in a freezer ( ⁇ 5 ° C.) to precipitate and remove excess FC12. Toluene was evaporated by an evaporator, and SWNT was deposited on the side surface of the sample tube. This SWNT was washed 13 times with 500 mL of acetone. 10 mL of a 1 wt% sodium cholate aqueous solution was added to the sample tube, and ultrasonic waves were irradiated for 30 minutes with a probe-type ultrasonic irradiator while cooling in a bath-type ultrasonic irradiator for 3 hours. The solution was centrifuged with an ultracentrifuge at 120,000 ⁇ G and 25 ° C.
- Example 1 the centrifugal acceleration conditions of the toluene FC12 and SWNT dispersions were changed to 100 ⁇ G, 500 ⁇ G, 1000 ⁇ G, and 3000 ⁇ G, and the absorption spectrum of the collected supernatant was measured. The absorption spectrum is shown in FIG. The selective solubilization of semiconducting SWNTs was observed without changing from the 10,000 ⁇ G condition in Example 1.
- FC12 and HiPCO method SWNT (SWNT synthesized by HiPCO method) (with catalyst removed) were added to o-xylene, and ultrasonic waves were irradiated for 3 hours with a bath-type ultrasonic irradiator (BRANSON5510). Thereafter, the dispersion was centrifuged with a cooling centrifuge (himac CF-15R) at 10000 ⁇ G and 25 ° C. for 10 minutes, and the supernatant was collected. The absorption spectrum of the collected supernatant solution was measured (optical path length 1 cm). The absorption spectrum is shown in FIG. Selective solubilization of semiconducting SWNTs was observed.
- FC12 and HiPCO method SWNT were added to p-xylene, and ultrasonic waves were irradiated for 3 hours with a bath-type ultrasonic irradiator (BRANSON5510). Thereafter, the dispersion was centrifuged with a cooling centrifuge (himac CF-15R) at 10000 ⁇ G and 25 ° C. for 10 minutes, and the supernatant was collected. The absorption spectrum of the collected supernatant solution was measured (optical path length 1 cm). The absorption spectrum is shown in FIG. Selective solubilization of semiconducting SWNTs was observed.
- FC12 and HiPCO method SWNT (catalyst removed) were added to o-dichlorobenzene, and ultrasonic waves were irradiated for 3 hours with a bath-type ultrasonic irradiator (BRANSON5510). Thereafter, the dispersion was centrifuged with a cooling centrifuge (himac CF-15R) at 10000 ⁇ G and 25 ° C. for 10 minutes, and the supernatant was collected. The absorption spectrum of the collected supernatant solution was measured (optical path length 1 cm). The absorption spectrum is shown in FIG. Selective solubilization of semiconducting SWNTs was observed.
- a SWNT in which a semiconductive SWNT and a metallic SWNT are separated can be obtained with a one-step work process and an inexpensive facility. Therefore, the present invention is extremely useful. It is. Further, according to the present invention, SWNT having a longer length than that of the conventional method can be obtained with a high recovery rate. Furthermore, in the present invention, since the dispersant can be removed after the separation of the semiconducting SWNT and the metallic SWNT, the application to a wide range of uses is not limited by the separation. Therefore, the present invention is extremely excellent in practicality.
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Abstract
Description
また、CNTには、前記グラフェンシートが1層である単層CNT(以下、SWNT)、グラフェンシートが2層である2層CNT(以下、DWNT)、グラフェンシートが2層以上の多層CNT(以下、MWNT)があるが、特にSWNTは、その量子効果が顕著であるため、注目されている。
そのため、半導体性SWNTと金属性SWNTとを分離する技術の開発が進められている。
しかしながら、従来手法には、多段階の工程を必要とすること、SWNTの収率が悪いこと、といった問題がある。これは実用(産業)化に大きな障害を与えている。また従来手法には、分離に用いた分散剤の除去が難しいこと、分離されたSWNTの長さが短いこと、といった問題がある。これは上記金属性SWNTを用いた応用においては抵抗率の上昇を招き、半導体性SWNTの応用においては、トランジスタ性能の低下を招いている。
また、界面活性剤で分散したSWNTを、密度勾配超遠心分離法により、金属性SWNTと半導体性SWNTに分離する方法がある(非特許文献3)。
これらの方法は、分散剤でSWNTを分散させる工程と、SWNTの分離を行う工程との2段階に分かれており、多段階の工程を必要とするために工業化が難しい。また、1段階目の工程において高出力な超音波の照射と超遠心を用いるために、SWNTの収率が悪く、分離されたSWNTの長さが短いという問題がある。
これらの方法は、分散と分離が1工程で済む反面、半導体性SWNTと金属性SWNTのどちらかしか得ることができない、SWNTの回収率が低い、分離されたSWNTの長さが短く、欠陥が導入されてしまうと行った問題がある。
そこで、本発明が解決しようとする課題は、上記問題を解決し得る、SWNTから金属性SWNTと半導体性SWNTとを効率的に分離する新規な方法を提供することにある。
(1)単層カーボンナノチューブ(SWNT)から金属性SWNTと半導体性SWNTとを分離する方法であって、溶媒に対する溶解性を示すためのアルキル鎖部位と、SWNTと相互作用するための芳香環を有する部位とを有する低分子化合物を含む溶液に、SWNTを分散させ、該分散溶液を溶液部分と固形部分に分離することを含む、前記方法。
ここで、上記低分子化合物としては、カイラリティ選択性を有する低分子化合物であればよく、特に限定はされないが、例えば、フラビン誘導体を含むものが挙げられ、具体的には、10-ドデシル-7,8-ジメチル-10H-ベンゾ[g]プテリジン-2,4-ジオン(化学構造式は、後述の構造式(1)に示す)及び/又は10-オクタデシル-7,8-ジメチル-10H-ベンゾ[g]プテリジン-2,4-ジオンを含むものが挙げられる。
上記(1)の分離方法においては、上記分散は、例えば、撹拌、振盪、ボールミル又は超音波照射により行われ、上記分離は、例えば、静置、ろ過、膜分離、遠心又は超遠心により行われる。
上記(1)の分離方法は、例えば、上記溶液部分から半導体性SWNTを回収すること、及び/又は、上記固形部分から金属性SWNTを回収することをさらに含む方法であってもよい。
ここで、上記低分子化合物としては、カイラリティ選択性を有する低分子化合物であればよく、特に限定はされないが、例えば、フラビン誘導体を含むものが挙げられ、具体的には、10-ドデシル-7,8-ジメチル-10H-ベンゾ[g]プテリジン-2,4-ジオン(化学構造式は、後述の構造式(1)に示す)及び/又は10-オクタデシル-7,8-ジメチル-10H-ベンゾ[g]プテリジン-2,4-ジオンを含むものが挙げられる。
なお、本明細書は、本願優先権主張の基礎となる特願2013-046851号明細書(2013年3月18日出願)の全体を包含する。また、本明細書において引用された全ての刊行物、例えば先行技術文献、及び公開公報、特許公報その他の特許文献は、参照として本明細書に組み込まれる。
本願明細書等においては、前述のとおり、単層カーボンナノチューブを「SWNT」と表記し、半導体性単層カーボンナノチューブを「半導体性SWNT」と表記し、金属性単層カーボンナノチューブを「金属性SWNT」と表記する。
当該分離方法は、具体的には、所定の物性・構造を有する低分子化合物を含む溶液に、SWNTを分散させ、該分散溶液を溶液部分と固形部分に分離することを含む方法である。この方法により、前記溶液部分には可溶化された半導体性SWNTが含まれ(分離され)、前記固形部分には金属性SWNTが含まれる(分離される)。また、当該分離方法は、上記溶液部分から半導体性SWNTを回収することや、前記固形部分から金属性SWNTを回収することも含んでいてもよい。
また、当該フラビン誘導体の3位に存在する「イミド水素(-NH-)」は、使用するフラビン誘導体同士を水素結合によりダイマー形成させるために働き、その結果、より多くのフラビン誘導体をSWNT(特に半導体性SWNT)に相互作用させる(吸着させる)ことができる点で重要であると考えられる。このことは、後述する実施例6及び図11に示すように、当該イミド水素があるフラビン誘導体の場合は、当該イミド水素がない場合に比べて、半導体性SWNT上での平均移動距離が小さい、すなわち半導体性SWNTに対する相互作用(吸着性)が大きいことからも理解できる。
さらに、SWNTに相互作用する(吸着する)上記フラビン誘導体は、後述する実施例7及び図11に示すように、相互作用する対象が半導体性SWNTであるか金属性SWNTであるかで、SWNT上での平均移動距離、すなわちSWNTに対する相互作用(吸着性)に有意な差があり(平均移動距離: 金属性SWNT>半導体性SWNT)、したがって、半導体性SWNTの溶解性をより高くすることができるという効果を有し得る。
当該分散は、例えば超音波照射によって行う場合、5~80℃(より好ましくは10~40℃)の温度条件下で、5~720分(より好ましくは10~180分)行うことが好ましいが、特に限定はされない。
他方、分離後の固形部分から金属性SWNTを回収する手段としては、特に限定はされないが、例えば、ろ過、膜分離、遠心分離、超遠心等の手段が好ましく挙げられる。
当該分散剤は、具体的には、有効成分として、溶媒に対する溶解性を示すためのアルキル鎖部位と、単層カーボンナノチューブと相互作用するための芳香環を有する部位とを有する低分子化合物を含むものであり、当該低分子化合物は、カイラリティ選択性を有する低分子化合物であれば特に限定はされない。
当該低分子化合物としては、例えば、フラビン誘導体を含むものが好ましく、具体的には、例えば、前記構造式(1)で示される10-ドデシル-7,8-ジメチル-10H-ベンゾ[g]プテリジン-2,4-ジオン(FC12又はdmC12)等を含むものがより好ましいが、特にこれに限定はされず、例えば、前記構造式(1)中の-C12H25で示されるアルキル基の部分が、溶媒に対する溶解性を示し得る範囲でアルキル基の長さにバリエーションがあってもよく、具体的には-CmH2m+1(但し、mは、5~25の整数が好ましく、10~20の整数がより好ましい。)で示されるアルキル基であるもの等が好ましく挙げられる。特に、上記mが18である場合のフラビン誘導体、すなわち10-オクタデシル-7,8-ジメチル-10H-ベンゾ[g]プテリジン-2,4-ジオン(dmC18)が好ましく挙げられる。
本発明の分離剤は、有効成分としての上記低分子化合物以外に、適宜、他の成分を含んでいてもよく、特に限定はされない。
回収した上澄みの溶液をメンブレンフィルターろ過し(PTFE 0.1μm(Millipore))、アセトンで洗浄した。ろ紙のラマンスペクトルを測定した。コントロールとして、HiPCO法SWNTを水に分散させ、メンブレンフィルターろ過し(HTTP 0.4μm(Millipore))、ろ紙のラマンスペクトルを測定した(励起光波長633 nm)。ラマンスペクトルを図3に示す。HiPCO法で合成されるSWNTのMetalic/Semiconductorの比率(金属性SWNT/半導体性SWNT)は、吸収スペクトルから求めるのは困難である(Miyata, Y.; Yanagi, K.; Maniwa, Y.; Kataura, H. J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112, 13187-13191.)。そこで、633 nm励起のラマンスペクトルのSWNTのRBMのピーク面積比率から概算されている(前掲の非特許文献4)。ラマンスペクトルのRBMのピークの面積で計算したところ、上記Metalic/Semiconductorの比率は、水分散HiPCOを基準として97.4 %となった。
<測定条件・実験条件>
・MM(分子力学計算):SCHRODINGER MACROMODEL 9.6
・MD(Molecular Dynamics):Desmond
・分子力場:OPLS 2005
・溶媒:トルエン
・温度:300 K
・時間:1.2 ns
・(8,6) SWNT(半導体性SWNT)上にフラビン誘導体分子を56個配置
図11の結果から、イミド水素(-NH-)を有するフラビン誘導体(dmC12)の方が、半導体性SWNT上での平均移動距離が小さく、すなわち半導体性SWNTに対する相互作用が大きい(吸着性が高い)ことが認められた。
<測定条件・実験条件>
・MM(分子力学計算):SCHRODINGER MACROMODEL 9.6
・MD(Molecular Dynamics):Desmond
・分子力場:OPLS 2005
・溶媒:トルエン
・温度:300 K
・時間:1.2 ns
・SWNT((8,6) SWNT(半導体性SWNT)及び(12,0) SWNT(金属性SWNT))上にそれぞれフラビン誘導体ダイマーを28個配置
図12の結果から、各SWNT上のフラビン誘導体ダイマーの平均移動距離は、金属製SWNTより半導体性SWNTの方が有意に小さかった。このことから、当該フラビン誘導体ダイマーは、金属製SWNTよりも半導体性SWNTに対する相互作用の方が有意に大きい(半導体性SWNTに対する吸着性の方が有意に高い)ことが認められ、半導体性SWNTを選択的に可溶化可能なことが認められた。
その結果、dmC18を使用した場合も、dmC12(FC12)を使用した場合と同様に、SWNTのうち半導体性SWNTを選択的に可溶化できることが確認された。
Claims (10)
- 単層カーボンナノチューブから金属性単層カーボンナノチューブと半導体性単層カーボンナノチューブとを分離する方法であって、
溶媒に対する溶解性を示すためのアルキル鎖部位と、単層カーボンナノチューブと相互作用するための芳香環を有する部位とを有する低分子化合物を含む溶液に、単層カーボンナノチューブを分散させ、該分散溶液を溶液部分と固形部分に分離することを含む、
前記方法。 - 低分子化合物がフラビン誘導体を含むものである、請求項1記載の方法。
- フラビン誘導体が、10-ドデシル-7,8-ジメチル-10H-ベンゾ[g]プテリジン-2,4-ジオン及び/又は10-オクタデシル-7,8-ジメチル-10H-ベンゾ[g]プテリジン-2,4-ジオンを含むものである、請求項2記載の方法。
- 前記溶液部分に可溶化された半導体性単層カーボンナノチューブが含まれ、前記固形部分に金属性単層カーボンナノチューブが含まれる、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記分散が、撹拌、振盪、ボールミル又は超音波照射により行われるものである、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記分離が、静置、ろ過、膜分離、遠心又は超遠心により行われるものである、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記溶液部分から半導体性単層カーボンナノチューブを回収すること、及び/又は、前記固形部分から金属性単層カーボンナノチューブを回収することを含む、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 溶媒に対する溶解性を示すためのアルキル鎖部位と、単層カーボンナノチューブと相互作用するための芳香環を有する部位とを有する低分子化合物を含む、金属性単層カーボンナノチューブと半導体性単層カーボンナノチューブとの分離剤。
- 低分子化合物がフラビン誘導体を含むものである、請求項記載の分離剤。
- フラビン誘導体が、10-ドデシル-7,8-ジメチル-10H-ベンゾ[g]プテリジン-2,4-ジオン及び/又は10-オクタデシル-7,8-ジメチル-10H-ベンゾ[g]プテリジン-2,4-ジオンを含むものである、請求項記載の分離剤。
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JP2017048085A (ja) * | 2015-09-02 | 2017-03-09 | 株式会社Nextコロイド分散凝集技術研究所 | 半導体型カーボンナノチューブの収集方法 |
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