WO2014136780A1 - カルパイン活性検出蛍光プローブ - Google Patents
カルパイン活性検出蛍光プローブ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014136780A1 WO2014136780A1 PCT/JP2014/055482 JP2014055482W WO2014136780A1 WO 2014136780 A1 WO2014136780 A1 WO 2014136780A1 JP 2014055482 W JP2014055482 W JP 2014055482W WO 2014136780 A1 WO2014136780 A1 WO 2014136780A1
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- 0 CC1C(*)=C(C)C(*)=C(C)C1C(C)(C(C=C1*)C(C)=C(*)C1=C=C)c1c(*)cccc1 Chemical compound CC1C(*)=C(C)C(*)=C(C)C1C(C)(C(C=C1*)C(C)=C(*)C1=C=C)c1c(*)cccc1 0.000 description 2
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- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/34—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving hydrolase
- C12Q1/37—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving hydrolase involving peptidase or proteinase
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
- G01N2333/90—Enzymes; Proenzymes
- G01N2333/914—Hydrolases (3)
- G01N2333/948—Hydrolases (3) acting on peptide bonds (3.4)
- G01N2333/95—Proteinases, i.e. endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.99)
- G01N2333/964—Proteinases, i.e. endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.99) derived from animal tissue
- G01N2333/96425—Proteinases, i.e. endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.99) derived from animal tissue from mammals
- G01N2333/96427—Proteinases, i.e. endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.99) derived from animal tissue from mammals in general
- G01N2333/9643—Proteinases, i.e. endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.99) derived from animal tissue from mammals in general with EC number
- G01N2333/96466—Cysteine endopeptidases (3.4.22)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a red fluorescent probe capable of detecting the activity of calpain.
- Calpain a kind of cysteine protease, is an important modulator molecule that is activated by Ca 2+ concentration dependently and regulates various cellular functions through limited degradation of the substrate. Its intracellular activity is strictly controlled by a protein called calpastatin. Is controlled. As calpains that are universally present in cells in vivo, calpain-1 ( ⁇ -calpain) and calpain-2 (m-calpain) having different Ca 2+ concentrations necessary for enzyme activation are known, and these are 80 kDa + 30 kDa. Exists as a heterodimer.
- calpain is deeply involved in the regulation of cell death and cell migration, and reports recently suggesting a relationship between calpain activity dysregulation and neurodegenerative diseases and cancer malignancy. Calpain is also attracting attention as a drug discovery target because it is involved in neurological and muscular diseases with few effective therapeutic agents such as multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, and Alzheimer's disease. Visualization of calpain activity is important to elucidate disease mechanisms and conduct drug discovery research.
- the intracellular Ca 2+ concentration and calpain activity can be observed simultaneously, but the combined use of the Ca 2+ probe Fura-2 and the blue fluorescent probe is impossible, and (3) the Ca 2+ release is dependent on light irradiation. It has been reported that when NP-EGTA, which is a caged compound to be uncaged, is UV-irradiated, the blue fluorescent probe undergoes light fading.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a novel fluorescent probe for detecting calpain activity.
- the present inventors By adding a new red region to the detection of calpain activity, the present inventors have used calain and other biomolecules, such as the use of Fura-2 and caged compounds, and the labeling of substrates with green fluorescent protein (GFP). We thought that it would be able to greatly contribute to the progress of calpain research by expanding the range of multi-color imaging. As a result, the present inventors have found that the problems of the prior art can be solved in a red fluorescent probe using a compound in which the oxygen atom of pyronine Y (PY), which is the basic skeleton of rhodamine, is replaced with a silicon atom, as a mother nucleus.
- PY pyronine Y
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or 1 to 4 identical or different monovalent substituents present on the benzene ring
- R 2 represents a monovalent substituent
- R 3 and R 4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- R 5 and R 6 each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an aryl group
- R 7 and R 8 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- R 9 and R 10 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and R 9 or R 10 together with R 3 or R 7 represents R 9 or R 10.
- heterocyclyl or heteroaryl is alkyl having 1 to 6 carbons, alkenyl having 2 to 6 carbons, or alkynyl having 2 to 6 carbons, 6 to 10 carbons Optionally substituted with an aralkyl group of 6 to 10 carbon atoms;
- R 11 represents a monovalent substituent that is cleaved by contact with calpain;
- X represents a silicon atom, a germanium atom, or a tin atom) Or a salt thereof.
- a method for measuring calpain comprising the following steps: (a) contacting the compound of any one of [1] to [7] or a salt thereof with calpain, and (b) the above The method including the process of measuring the fluorescence intensity of the compound after contact with the calpain produced
- a calpain activity can be detected in a long wavelength region, and a fluorescent probe excellent in light stability can be provided.
- the compounds of the present invention the range of multicolor imaging of calpain and other biomolecules, such as the use of Fura-2 and caged compounds and the labeling of substrates with green fluorescent protein (GFP), will be expanded. Is possible.
- an “alkyl group” or an alkyl part of a substituent containing an alkyl part (such as an alkoxy group), for example, unless otherwise specified, has, for example, 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, More preferably, it means an alkyl group composed of straight, branched, cyclic, or a combination thereof having about 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- alkyl group for example, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, cyclopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, isobutyl group, tert-butyl group, cyclopropyl
- methyl group, an n-pentyl group, an n-hexyl group and the like can be mentioned.
- the term “halogen atom” may be any of a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom, preferably a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom or a bromine atom.
- One embodiment of the present invention is a compound represented by the following general formula (I) or a salt thereof.
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or 1 to 4 identical or different monovalent substituents present on the benzene ring.
- R 1 represents a monovalent substituent present on the benzene ring, it is preferable that about 1 to 2 substituents which are the same or different exist on the benzene ring.
- R 1 represents one or more monovalent substituents, the substituent can be substituted at any position on the benzene ring.
- each R 1 represents a hydrogen atom, or one substituent is present (R 1 other than the substituent is a hydrogen atom).
- the type of monovalent substituent represented by R 1 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, alkenyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, alkynyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, carbon It is preferably selected from the group consisting of several to six alkoxy groups, hydroxyl groups, carboxy groups, sulfonyl groups, alkoxycarbonyl groups, halogen atoms, or amino groups. These monovalent substituents may further have one or more arbitrary substituents.
- the alkyl group represented by R 1 may have one or more halogen atoms, carboxy groups, sulfonyl groups, hydroxyl groups, amino groups, alkoxy groups, and the like.
- the alkyl group represented by R 1 is a halogen atom.
- An alkyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group, a carboxyalkyl group, or an aminoalkyl group may be used.
- the amino group represented by R 1 may be present one or two alkyl groups, an amino group represented by R 1 may be a monoalkylamino group or a dialkylamino group.
- the alkoxy group represented by R 1 has a substituent includes, for example, a carboxy-substituted alkoxy group or an alkoxycarbonyl-substituted alkoxy group, and more specifically, a 4-carboxybutoxy group or 4-acetoxymethyloxy A carbonyl butoxy group etc. can be mentioned.
- R 2 represents a monovalent substituent.
- the kind of the monovalent substituent represented by R 2 is not particularly limited, but for example, as in R 1 , for example, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and 1 to 6 carbon atoms. It is preferably selected from the group consisting of an alkynyl group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group, a carboxy group, a sulfonyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, a halogen atom, or an amino group.
- R 3 and R 4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a halogen atom.
- the alkyl group may contain one or more halogen atoms, carboxy groups, sulfonyl groups, hydroxyl groups, amino groups, alkoxy groups,
- the alkyl group represented by R 3 or R 4 may be a halogenated alkyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group, a carboxyalkyl group, or the like.
- R 3 and R 4 are preferably each independently a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom. When R 3 and R 4 are both hydrogen atoms, or R 3 and R 4 are both chlorine atoms or fluorine atoms. More preferred.
- R 5 and R 6 each independently represents an alkyl group or aryl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, but R 5 and R 6 each independently represent 1 to 3 carbon atoms. It is preferable that it is an alkyl group, and it is more preferable that both R 5 and R 6 are methyl groups.
- the alkyl group represented by R 5 and R 6 may contain one or more halogen atoms, carboxy groups, sulfonyl groups, hydroxyl groups, amino groups, alkoxy groups, and the like, for example, R 5 or R 6 represents The alkyl group may be a halogenated alkyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group, a carboxyalkyl group, or the like.
- the aryl group may be either a monocyclic aromatic group or a condensed aromatic group, and the aryl ring has one or more ring-constituting heteroatoms.
- a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, or an oxygen atom may be contained.
- the aryl group is preferably a phenyl group.
- One or more substituents may be present on the aryl ring. As the substituent, for example, one or two or more halogen atoms, carboxy groups, sulfonyl groups, hydroxyl groups, amino groups, alkoxy groups and the like may be present.
- R 7 and R 8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a halogen atom, and are the same as those described for R 3 and R 4. is there. It is preferred that R 7 and R 8 are both hydrogen atoms, both chlorine atoms, or both fluorine atoms.
- R 9 and R 10 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- R 9 or R 10 may be combined with R 3 or R 7 to form a 5- to 7-membered heterocyclyl or heteroaryl containing a nitrogen atom to which R 9 or R 10 is bonded.
- heterocyclyl or heteroaryl may be alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, Substituted by alkenyl having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, or alkynyl having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, aralkyl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms (benzyl group, phenethyl group, etc.), alkenyl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms It may be.
- heterocyclyl or heteroaryl examples include, but are not limited to, pyrrolidine, piperidine, hexamethyleneimine, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, oxazole, thiazole and the like.
- R 9 and R 10 are both hydrogen atoms.
- R 11 represents a monovalent substituent that is cleaved by contact with calpain.
- the monovalent substituent that is cleaved by contact with calpain is preferably a monovalent substituent containing an oligopeptide residue.
- the monovalent substituent containing an oligopeptide residue is preferably Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr, Thr-Pro-Leu-Leu, Leu-Met, Thr-Pro-Leu-Lys, Thr-Pro-Leu.
- the N-terminus of a monovalent substituent containing an oligopeptide residue may be protected, and examples of the protecting group include a succinyl group, a tert-butoxycarbonyl group, a benzyloxycarbonyl group, and the like.
- a group may be used.
- the monovalent substituent containing an oligopeptide residue is represented by the following formulas (1) to (3).
- One preferable embodiment of the present invention is a compound represented by the following formula (4), (5) or (6) or a salt thereof.
- the compound represented by the general formula (I), formula (4), formula (5) and formula (6) in the present invention may exist as a salt.
- the salt include base addition salts, acid addition salts, amino acid salts and the like.
- the base addition salt include metal salts such as sodium salt, potassium salt, calcium salt, magnesium salt, ammonium salt, or organic amine salts such as triethylamine salt, piperidine salt, morpholine salt, and acid addition salt.
- Examples thereof include mineral acid salts such as hydrochloride, sulfate, and nitrate, and organic acid salts such as methanesulfonate, paratoluenesulfonate, citrate, and oxalate.
- Examples of amino acid salts include glycine salts. However, the salt of the compound of the present invention is not limited to these.
- the compound represented by the general formula (I) may have one or more asymmetric carbons depending on the type of substituent, and there are stereoisomers such as optical isomers or diastereoisomers. There is a case. Pure forms of stereoisomers, any mixture of stereoisomers, racemates, and the like are all within the scope of the present invention.
- the compound represented by the general formula (I) or a salt thereof may exist as a hydrate or a solvate, and any of these substances is included in the scope of the present invention.
- solvents such as ethanol, acetone, isopropanol, can be illustrated.
- a fluorescent probe comprising a compound represented by the general formula (I), formula (4), formula (5) or formula (6) or a salt thereof provided by the present invention is capable of reacting with an R 11 substituent by contact with calpain.
- Generating a compound corresponding to a compound in which R 11 is a hydrogen atom in the above general formula (I)) in which a monovalent substituent containing an oligopeptide residue is cleaved and the absorption wavelength is shifted to a long wavelength.
- a fluorescent probe for measurement of calpain can be suitably used as a fluorescent probe for measurement of calpain.
- Calpain measurement using the above-described fluorescent probe can be performed according to a method well known to those skilled in the art, so that it can be used as a reagent for research in addition to use as a reagent for research. I can do it.
- the above-described fluorescent probe it becomes possible to measure the concentration and amount of a measurement target substance in a test tube, or it is taken into a living cell or living body and imaged and measured by a bioimaging technique. be able to.
- the following steps (a) a step of bringing a compound represented by the general formula (I) having a monovalent substituent cleaved by contact with calpain or a salt thereof with calpain, And (b) a method including a step of measuring the fluorescence intensity of the compound after contact with the calpain produced in the step (a).
- the method of using the fluorescent probe of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the activity of calpain contained in the isolated and purified enzyme and cell lysate, the measurement of calpain activity in living cells, and the long wavelength optical The activity measurement of the enzyme used as the cancer biomarker in the biological tissue which utilized the characteristic is mentioned.
- Me means a methyl group.
- the side chain protected peptide (2, 4, 6) was synthesized by the following ordinary Fmoc solid phase synthesis method using 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin (1.3 mmol / g, 100-200 mesh, 1% DVB).
- A Peptide coupling cycle: Fmoc amino acid (5 equivalents of resin) and O- (7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N, N ′, N ′,-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate The salt (HATU: 5 equivalents of resin) was dissolved in DMF, diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA: 10 equivalents of resin) was added and stirred.
- DIPEA diisopropylethylamine
- Suc-LLVY-SiR600 and Boc-LM-SiR600 do not absorb light near the maximum absorption (593 nm) of 2MeSiR600 produced by contact with calpain, and calpain activity measurement using excitation light near 593 nm is Suc-LLVY- It was confirmed that the process can be performed without being affected by SiR600 and Boc-LM-SiR600.
- FIG. 1 shows a reaction scheme of calpain-1 and Suc-LLVY-SiR600.
- FIG. 1 (b) shows the fluorescence spectrum before adding calpain-1 to the Suc-LLVY-SiR600 solution (2 ⁇ M) and 180 minutes after adding 5 ⁇ g of calpain-1.
- C) to (e) of FIG. 1 show fluorescence spectra 10 to 60 minutes after 5 ⁇ g of calpain-1 was added to the Suc-LLVY-SiR600 solution (2 ⁇ M).
- the maximum absorption wavelength of Suc-LLVY-SiR600 is around 500 nm, but since 2Me SiR600 produced by reaction of Suc-LLVY-SiR600 with calpain has a maximum absorption at 593 nm, it reacts with calpain. Before and after the measurement, excitation light of 593 nm was used. As a result, as shown in FIG. 1B, almost no fluorescence was observed before the reaction, and very strong fluorescence was observed after the reaction. Therefore, it was shown that Suc-LLVY-SiR600 can be suitably used as a fluorescent probe for calpain. Further, as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 2 (a) shows a reaction scheme between calpain-1 and Boc-LM-SiR600.
- FIG. 2 (b) shows fluorescence spectra before adding calpain-1 to the Boc-LM-SiR600 solution (2 ⁇ M) and 180 minutes after adding 5 ⁇ g of calpain-1.
- FIG. 2 (c) shows the fluorescence spectrum 10 to 60 minutes after 5 ⁇ g of calpain-1 was added to the Boc-LM-SiR600 solution (2 ⁇ M).
- Boc-LM-SiR600 showed an increase in fluorescence with the addition of calpain-1.
- calpeptin which is a calpain selective inhibitor, was added, no increase in fluorescence occurred ((c) in FIG. 2).
- Example 7 Live cell imaging using Suc-LLVY-SiR600
- A Hela cells were cultured at 37 ° C. for 10 minutes using HBSS (Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution) containing DMSO as a control and
- B HBSS containing 20 ⁇ M calpeptin, respectively, and further 2 ⁇ M Suc- Incubated with LLVY-SiR600 for 20 minutes. Then, the differential interference image and the fluorescence image were image
- the scale bar in the figure is 20 ⁇ m.
- calpain activity in HeLa cells can be monitored by adding Suc-LLVY-SiR600 to the extracellular fluid.
- the intracellular fluorescence intensity was reduced by the addition of calpeptin, which is a calpain selective inhibitor.
- Suc-LLVY-SiR600 shows intracellular localization similar to that of the lysosomal localized dye Lyso Tracker, and 2Me SiR600, which is the enzyme reaction product of the probe, can accumulate in lysosomes in the cell. found. Therefore, Suc-LLVY-SiR600 can be effectively used for visualization of calpain activity in living cells.
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Abstract
Description
[1]下記の一般式(I):
R1は、水素原子を示すか、又はベンゼン環上に存在する1ないし4個の同一又は異なる一価の置換基を示し;
R2は一価の置換基を示し;
R3及びR4はそれぞれ独立に水素原子、又は炭素数1~6個のアルキル基を示し;
R5及びR6はそれぞれ独立に炭素数1~6個のアルキル基又はアリール基を示し;
R7及びR8はそれぞれ独立に水素原子、炭素数1~6個のアルキル基を示し;
R9及びR10は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、又は炭素数1~6個のアルキル基を示し、R9又はR10は、R3又はR7と一緒になって、R9又はR10が結合している窒素原子を含む5~7員のヘテロシクリル又はヘテロアリールを形成していてもよく、環構成員としてO、N及びSからなる群から選択される1~3個のさらなるヘテロ原子を含有していてもよく、さらに該ヘテロシクリル又はヘテロアリールは、炭素数1~6個のアルキル、炭素数2~6個のアルケニル、又は炭素数2~6個のアルキニル、炭素数6~10個のアラルキル基、炭素数6~10個のアルアルケニル基で置換されていてもよく;
R11は、カルパインとの接触により切断される一価の置換基を示し;
Xは珪素原子、ゲルマニウム原子、又はスズ原子を示す)
で表される化合物又はその塩。
[2]R11が、オリゴペプチド残基を含む一価の置換基である、[1]に記載の化合物又はその塩。
[3]オリゴペプチド残基を含む一価の置換基が、以下の式(1)、(2)又は(3)で表される、[2]に記載の化合物又はその塩。
[5]以下の式(4)で表される化合物又はその塩。
[9]カルパインの測定方法であって、下記の工程:(a)[1]~[7]のいずれか1項に記載の化合物又はその塩とカルパインとを接触させる工程、及び(b)上記工程(a)で生成したカルパインと接触後の化合物の蛍光強度を測定する工程を含む方法。
を、提供するものである。
本発明の好ましい態様においては、R9及びR10が共に水素原子である。
オリゴペプチド残基を含む一価の置換基のN末端は保護されていてもよく、保護基としては、スクシニル基、tert-ブトキシカルボニル基、ベンジルオキシカルボニル基などが挙げられるが、これら以外の置換基を用いてもよい。
以下の合成スキーム1により3種類の本発明の化合物を合成した。
。
(a)ペプチドカップリングサイクル:Fmocアミノ酸(レジンの5当量)とO-(7-アザベンゾトリアゾール-1-イル)-N,N,N’,N’,-テトラメチルウロニウムヘキサフルオロりん酸塩(HATU:レジンの5当量)をDMFに溶解させ、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン(DIPEA:レジンの10当量)を加えて攪拌した。この溶液をN末脱保護ペプチドをカップリングさせたレジンに加えて40分攪拌した。
(b)Fmoc脱保護サイクル:Fmoc保護基の脱保護は、20%(v/v)ピペリジン/DMF溶液をレジンに加え、12分攪拌することで行った。
(c)レジンからの切り出し: トリフルオロ酢酸:ジクロロメタン=2:98の溶液をレジンに加え、1分攪拌を10回行なうことで、ペプチドをレジンから切り出した。レジンを濾過で除き、ろ液を減圧留去し、残渣に過剰量の冷水を加えて生じた沈殿をろ取し、粗ペプチドを得た。
(d)粗ペプチドの精製:粗ペプチドを水/アセトニトリルに溶解させ、分取用逆相HPLCを用いて精製し、側鎖保護ペプチド(2、4、6)を得た。
HRMS (ESI+):m/z Found 931.4832, calculated 931.4790 for [M]+(-4.2mmu)
精製後のHPLCクロマトグラム(40%アセトニトリル/0.1%トリフルオロ酢酸/水から80%アセトニトリル/0.1%トリフルオロ酢酸/水(流速=1.0mL/min)のリニアグラディエント,Abs.500nm)では12.8分に単一ピークを認めた。
HRMS(ESI+):m/z Found 867.4480, calculated 867.4477 for [M]+(+0.3mmu)
精製後のHPLCクロマトグラム(40%アセトニトリル/0.1%トリフルオロ酢酸/水から80%アセトニトリル/0.1%トリフルオロ酢酸/水(流速=1.0mL/min)のリニアグラディエント,Abs.500nm)では10.6分に単一ピークを認めた。
HRMS(ESI+):m/z Found 687.3440, calculated 687.3400 for [M]+(-4.0mmu)
精製後のHPLCクロマトグラム(40%アセトニトリル/0.1%トリフルオロ酢酸/水から80%アセトニトリル/0.1%トリフルオロ酢酸/水(流速=1.0mL/min)のリニアグラディエント,Abs.500nm)では17.0分に単一ピークを認めた。
Suc-LLVY-SiR600及びBoc-LM-SiR600の光学特性の測定
1%DMSOを含むpH3の0.1Mリン酸ナトリウムバッファー中でSuc-LLVY-SiR600及びBoc-LM-SiR600の光化学特性を測定した。上記の表1に酵素反応生成物である2MeSiR600の光学特性と共に示す。
Suc-LLVY-SiR600、Boc-LM-SiR600はカルパインと接触して生成する2MeSiR600の極大吸収(593nm)付近の光は吸収せず、593nm付近の励起光を使用するカルパイン活性測定がSuc-LLVY-SiR600、Boc-LM-SiR600の影響を受けずに行えることが確認された。
Suc-LLVY-SiR600の蛍光プローブとしての評価
実施例1で得られたSuc-LLVY-SiR600についてカルパイン蛍光プローブとしての評価を行った。
図1の(a)は、カルパイン-1とSuc-LLVY-SiR600との反応スキームを示す。
図1の(b)は、Suc-LLVY-SiR600溶液(2μM)にカルパイン-1を添加する前及びカルパイン-1を5μg添加してから180分後の蛍光スペクトルを示す。
図1の(c)~(e)は、Suc-LLVY-SiR600溶液(2μM)にカルパイン-1を5μg添加してから10~60分後の蛍光スペクトルを示す。
図1の(b)~(e)では、100μMのDTT、10%のグリセロール、0.1%のCHAPS、100mMのNaCl、1mMのEDTA、1.5mMのCaCl2を含有し、1%のDMSOを共溶媒として含有する20mMのHEPES緩衝液(pH7.4)0.75ml中で反応を行った。(d)では、1.5mM CaCl2が存在しない条件で、(e)では、1μMのカルペプチンが存在する条件で反応を行った。
反応温度は、図1の(b)、(d)及び(e)においては25℃、図1の(c)では37℃である。
その結果、図1の(b)に示すように、反応前にはほとんど蛍光が観察されず、反応後に非常に強い蛍光が観察できた。従って、Suc-LLVY-SiR600がカルパインに対する蛍光プローブとして好適に使用できることが示された。また、図1の(c)で示すように、反応溶液が37℃の場合カルパイン-1の自己分解が25℃の場合と比べて速いため、蛍光強度上昇はより速く停止した。
また、カルパインはCa2+と結合すると酵素活性を示すため、Ca2+を含まない溶液中では蛍光上昇は起こらないことが確認された(図1の(d))。更に、カルパイン選択的阻害剤であるカルペプチンを添加すると蛍光上昇は起こらないことが図1の(e)で示された。
Boc-LM-SiR600の蛍光プローブとしての評価
実施例3で得られたBoc-LM-SiR600についてカルパイン蛍光プローブとしての評価を行った。
図2の(a)は、カルパイン-1とBoc-LM-SiR600との反応スキームを示す。
図2の(b)は、Boc-LM-SiR600溶液(2μM)にカルパイン-1を添加する前及びカルパイン-1を5μg添加してから180分後の蛍光スペクトルを示す。図2の(c)は、Boc-LM-SiR600溶液(2μM)にカルパイン-1を5μg添加してから10~60分後の蛍光スペクトルを示す。
図2の(b)~(c)では、100μMのDTT、10%のグリセロール、0.1%のCHAPS、100mMのNaCl、1mMのEDTA、1.5mMのCaCl2を含有し、1%のDMSOを共溶媒として含有する20mMのHEPES緩衝液(pH7.4)0.75ml中で反応を行った。図2の(c)では1μMのカルペプチンが存在する条件で反応を行い、(b)ではカルペプチンが存在しない状態で反応を行った。
図2の(b)及び(c)とも反応温度は25℃であり、励起波長は593nmである。
図2の(b)で示すように、Boc-LM-SiR600はカルパイン-1の添加により蛍光上昇を示した。また、カルパイン選択的阻害剤であるカルペプチンを添加すると蛍光上昇は起こらなかった(図2の(c))。
Suc-LLVY-SiR600を用いた生細胞イメージング
(1)HeLa細胞内におけるカルパイン活性イメージングへの応用
Suc-LLVY-SiR600を用いて、HeLa細胞内におけるカルパイン活性の可視化を行った。
(a)コントロールとしてDMSOを含有するHBSS(Hanks’ Balanced Salt Solution)、(b)20μMカルペプチンを含有するHBSS、を夫々用いて、Hela細胞を37℃で10分間培養し、更に、2μMのSuc-LLVY-SiR600で20分間培養した。その後、共焦点顕微鏡を用いて微分干渉像、及び蛍光像を撮影した。その結果を図3の(a)、(b)に示す。図中のスケールバーは20μmである。
図3の(a)で示すように、細胞外液にSuc-LLVY-SiR600を添加することにより、HeLa細胞内のカルパイン活性をモニターすることができる。また、図3の(b)で示すように、カルパイン選択的阻害剤であるカルペプチンの添加により細胞内の蛍光強度は低下した。
また、カルペプチンが存在する場合と、存在しない場合について、3回の実験におけるHela細胞内の平均蛍光強度を図3の(c)に示す。スチューデントのt検定により統計解析を行った(n=18)。エラーバーは標準偏差を示す。
Suc-LLVY-SiR600を用いて、A549細胞内におけるカルパイン活性の可視化を行った。
(a)コントロールとしてDMSOを含有するHBSS、(b)20μMカルペプチンを含有するHBSS、を夫々用いて、A549細胞を37℃で10分間培養し、更に、2μMのSuc-LLVY-SiR600で20分間培養した。その後、共焦点顕微鏡を用いて微分干渉像、及び蛍光像を撮影した。その結果を図4の(a)、(b)に示す。図中
のスケールバーは20μmである。
また、カルペプチンが存在する場合と、存在しない場合について、3回の実験におけるA549細胞内の平均蛍光強度を図4の(c)に示す。スチューデントのt検定により統計解析を行った(n=18)。エラーバーは標準偏差を示す。
図4(a)で示す通り、A549細胞においても同様に、Suc-LLVY-SiR600を用いて細胞内カルパイン活性を可視化することができた。
Suc-LLVY-SiR600とリソソーム局在型色素Lyso Trackerにより共染色を行った。
HeLa細胞をSuc-LLVY-SiR600(2μM)で30分間培養し、その後、Lyso Tracker Green DND26(50nM)を取り込ませた。その後、共焦点顕微鏡を用いて蛍光像を撮影した。その結果を図5に示す。
図5(a)では、励起波長/検出波長は504nm/514-534nmであり、図5(b)では、励起波長/検出波長は593nm/603-623nmである。図中のスケールバーは10μmである。
次に、2Me SiR600とLyso Trackerにより共染色を行った。
HeLa細胞を2Me SiR600(50μM)とLyso Tracker Green DND26(50nM)で培養した。その後、共焦点顕微鏡を用いて蛍光像を撮影した。その結果を図6に示す。図6(a)では、励起波長/検出波長は504nm/520-550nmであり、図5(b)では、励起波長/検出波長は593nm/608-638nmである。(c)は前者二つの画像の重ね合わせである。図中のスケールバーは10μmである。
このように、Suc-LLVY-SiR600は、リソソーム局在型色素Lyso Trackerと同様の細胞内局在を示し、また、プローブの酵素反応生成物である2Me SiR600は細胞内においてリソソームに集積することが判明した。従って、Suc-LLVY-SiR600は、生細胞内におけるカルパイン活性の可視化に有効に使用することができる。
Claims (9)
- 下記の一般式(I):
R1は、水素原子を示すか、又はベンゼン環上に存在する1ないし4個の同一又は異なる一価の置換基を示し;
R2は一価の置換基を示し;
R3及びR4はそれぞれ独立に水素原子、又は炭素数1~6個のアルキル基を示し;
R5及びR6はそれぞれ独立に炭素数1~6個のアルキル基又はアリール基を示し;
R7及びR8はそれぞれ独立に水素原子、炭素数1~6個のアルキル基を示し;
R9及びR10は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、又は炭素数1~6個のアルキル基を示し、R9又はR10は、R3又はR7と一緒になって、R9又はR10が結合している窒素原子を含む5~7員のヘテロシクリル又はヘテロアリールを形成していてもよく、環構成員としてO、N及びSからなる群から選択される1~3個のさらなるヘテロ原子を含有していてもよく、さらに該ヘテロシクリル又はヘテロアリールは、炭素数1~6個のアルキル、炭素数2~6個のアルケニル、又は炭素数2~6個のアルキニル、炭素数6~10個のアラルキル基、炭素数6~10個のアルアルケニル基で置換されていてもよく;
R11は、カルパインとの接触により切断される一価の置換基を示し;
Xは珪素原子、ゲルマニウム原子、又はスズ原子を示す)
で表される化合物又はその塩。 - R11が、オリゴペプチド残基を含む一価の置換基である、請求項1に記載の化合物又はその塩。
- Xが珪素原子又はゲルマニウム原子である請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の化合物又はその塩。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の化合物又はその塩を含む蛍光プローブ。
- カルパインの測定方法であって、下記の工程:(a)請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の化合物又はその塩とカルパインとを接触させる工程、及び(b)上記工程(a)で生成したカルパインと接触後の化合物の蛍光強度を測定する工程を含む方法。
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