WO2014135229A1 - Ionisations-vakuummesszelle - Google Patents
Ionisations-vakuummesszelle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014135229A1 WO2014135229A1 PCT/EP2013/064511 EP2013064511W WO2014135229A1 WO 2014135229 A1 WO2014135229 A1 WO 2014135229A1 EP 2013064511 W EP2013064511 W EP 2013064511W WO 2014135229 A1 WO2014135229 A1 WO 2014135229A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- measuring
- axis
- vacuum
- housing
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L21/00—Vacuum gauges
- G01L21/30—Vacuum gauges by making use of ionisation effects
- G01L21/34—Vacuum gauges by making use of ionisation effects using electric discharge tubes with cold cathodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J41/00—Discharge tubes for measuring pressure of introduced gas or for detecting presence of gas; Discharge tubes for evacuation by diffusion of ions
- H01J41/02—Discharge tubes for measuring pressure of introduced gas or for detecting presence of gas
- H01J41/06—Discharge tubes for measuring pressure of introduced gas or for detecting presence of gas with ionisation by means of cold cathodes
Definitions
- the implementation can be understood as the rod-shaped component
- the invention in its first aspect relates to an ionization vacuum cell. It includes a housing with a measuring port for the vacuum to be measured at an end portion of the housing.
- the measuring connection is an arrangement of one or more openings in the addressed housing end section, through which the ambient vacuum atmosphere to be measured extends into the housing.
- a measuring chamber is provided in the housing which, i. the interior of which is gas-flow-connected to the mentioned measuring connection of the housing. This connection is such that, in the measuring chamber, the pressure when changing the pressure to be measured in the ambient atmosphere, adjusts very quickly to this pressure to be measured, practical
- the pressure to be measured is the pressure directly at the measuring port.
- a first and a second electrode are provided in the measuring chamber. These electrodes are formed substantially coaxially with respect to an axis and are spaced from each other.
- an ionization space is formed in the measuring chamber in which, upon application of a corresponding electrical potential difference between the electrodes, the gas is ionized.
- Electrodes have a substantially cylindrical inner surface as the ionization space facing the electrode surface. It is both electrically insulating as well
- the measuring chamber is the first electrode
- the contaminated measuring chamber includes, which has a substantially cylindrical and thus relatively large, at least the ionization space and the corresponding contamination exposed inner surface is achieved by this inventive embodiment of the ionization vacuum, that a necessary becoming, time-consuming cleaning, at least the aforementioned large-area electrode, without significant interruption of the operation of the ionization vacuum cell can be made.
- the contaminated measuring chamber replaced by a cleaned or new measuring chamber.
- the modular component concept for the measuring chamber also makes it possible to flexibly design different measuring chambers on one and the same ionization vacuum measuring cell
- the respective ionization vacuum measuring cells can be assembled as desired with the appropriate measuring chambers.
- the measuring chamber with respect to the axis of the cell radially outwardly limited, in an alternative, by the first electrode having the substantially cylindrical inner surface.
- the measuring chamber with respect to the axis radially outwardly limited by a on an inner surface of the housing completely, partially or not fitting measuring chamber housing, with substantially
- the measuring chamber has its own housing, which forms neither electrode, nor the wall of the housing.
- the measuring chamber housing can also with his
- the housing in this embodiment is practically double-walled.
- the measuring chamber is radially outwardly of the axis bounded by at least an axial portion of the wall of the housing
- the wall of the housing is formed in the section in which the measuring chamber is mounted through the measuring chamber wall or, vice versa, it is there
- Measuring chamber wall formed by a part of the housing wall.
- the measuring chamber at the end facing away from the measuring connection a non-combinable according to the invention ionization vacuum cell
- vacuum-tight, electrically insulating passage for the electrical supply to one of the electrodes or for one of the electrodes themselves.
- part of the exchangeable measuring chamber on the other hand outside the measuring chamber, be aligned with one another such that, with regard to contamination, the measuring chamber-side, non-vacuum-tight feedthrough outside the measuring chamber
- Shielding chamber arranged, also vaukuum Why shielding.
- the exchangeable measuring chamber at the end facing away from the measuring connection axially, comprises both electrically insulated and vacuum-tight leadthrough.
- inventive ionization vacuum cell can be combined, if not contradictory, the measuring chamber measuring connection side in or on the housing on stop and releasably lockable on the housing, for this purpose preferably a screw or a carabiner connection between the measuring chamber and housing is provided or at least one axially or acting radially between the housing and the measuring chamber
- inventive ionization vacuum cell can be combined, if not contradictory, the
- Ionization generates a magnetic field.
- magnetization arrangement we mean an arrangement of permanent magnets with or without passive
- Magnetic field guiding members such as yokes, pole pieces, shunts e.g. each of ferromagnetic material.
- the ionization vacuum cell can be virtually any type of such cell. In particular, however, these are measuring cells in their ionization space in addition to the electric field also, angled to a
- the invention further relates to a measuring chamber for an ionization vacuum measuring cell of the kind explained above,
- An ionization vacuum measuring cell realized today comprises: a) an evacuable housing with a measuring connection for the vacuum to be measured, b) a first and a second electrode, which in
- a measuring chamber is formed, which is arranged communicating with the measuring terminal, wherein the first electrode forms the outer electrode and this has a substantially cylindrical surface, and that the second electrode is rod-shaped and lies in the axis.
- the measuring terminal which has an insulator arranged around the axis and the second rod-shaped electrode is guided sealingly through this insulator.
- the yoke is in the axial direction on both sides of
- said first electrode forms the outer electrode of the coaxial arrangement of the electrodes, such that the yoke on both sides and spaced from the permanent magnet ring forms two annular poles over which at least a part of Field lines of the permanent magnet ring penetrate within the measuring chamber, the first electrode, close, at least partially a ring-like tunnel-like magnetic field around the axis above the first electrode
- Shielding device is arranged to protect the insulator from contamination by dust particles from the
- Measuring chamber which forms an ionization space and that at least the first electrode is installed in a replaceable insertion chamber.
- An ionization vacuum cell is always open with an atmosphere to be measured for pressure, otherwise vacuum-tight ionization space available.
- the two electrodes are effective, between which a high electric field is generated. At least one of the two electrodes must have the necessary electrical
- Reference potential as operated the potential of a housing of the cell, thus the distance between the electrodes is electrically floating with respect to reference potential, then, if appropriate, such a passage is also provided for the second electrode.
- the ionisation vacuum measuring cell which comprises: a) a housing with a measuring connection for the purpose of
- Ionization space is formed within the housing, c) a both electrically insulating as well
- Vacuum-tight implementation for an electrical Feeding to one of the electrodes or for the one electrode itself, with an electrical insulator with respect to other parts of the cell, which are not operated at the same electrical potential as the feeder or electrode. It is the
- the electrode performed substantially a metal rod in one axis. It comprises carrying out i) a ceramic cylinder coaxial to the axis with an inner surface radially spaced from the rod, ii) a first glass ring fused to the inner surface on the one hand and the rod on the other hand, set back axially from an end face of the ceramic cylinder facing the ionization space, iü) having a metal connection a coaxial with the axis of the cylinder opening, with the cylindrical
- End face of the ceramic cylinder preferably also set back, v) wherein the opening inner surface with the second
- the application can be combined with all embodiments of the ionization vacuum measuring cell in the first aspect of the present application, if this is not inconsistent.
- the electrodes are arranged substantially coaxially with respect to the axis, wherein the first electrode has a substantially cylindrical inner surface than the
- the electrode arrangement is constructed as in the case of magnetron cells or inverted cells
- Electrode ring-shaped eg. At both ends of the substantially cylindrical
- This embodiment of the ionization vacuum cell under the second aspect of the application can be combined with all embodiments of the measuring cell under the second, but also with all embodiments of the measuring cell under the first aspect of the present application, although not explained
- Ionization vacuum cell under the second aspect of the application is the second glass ring on the
- Embodiments of the measuring cell under the first and in the second aspect of the present application combined, if not contradictory.
- Ionization vacuum measuring cell combinable with all mentioned and yet to be mentioned embodiments of the measuring cell under the first and second aspect of the
- the second glass ring is sealingly connected via one or more pairs of another coaxial ceramic cylinder / another coaxial glass ring with the inner opening surface, preferably each further
- Ionization vacuum measurement cells often integrate additional sensors, such as Pirani or capacitive diaphragm pressure sensors. For this must be further bushings for
- Metal pins or rods are provided on the ionization vacuum cell. This is also the case when both said electrodes are electrically related to a
- Cell housing to be operated in a floating or the housing is operated electrically floating and to which one of the mentioned electrodes reference potential as ground potential to be placed. This will be another
- one or more holes are or will be provided through the metal terminal, the bore axes of which are either parallel to the mentioned axis of the leadthrough, or skewed in this regard.
- the mentioned holes have
- a directional component of their bore axes which is parallel to the aforementioned feedthrough axis.
- the mentioned one or more through-holes through the metal terminal have inner bore surfaces each defining the bore axis, and a metal feedthrough rod is disposed in at least a portion of the aforementioned through-holes in the respective bore axis.
- Feedthrough rod are sealed with a glass insert merged. If the metal connections are used quasi-normalized for different conceptions of the ionization vacuum measuring cells, and with a certain
- Ceramic cylinder then turn glass of the second glass ring and depending on the training variant of the metal connection or intervening one or more pairs of others
- Malfunction of the measuring cell can be detected consuming.
- the metal connection comprises an inner ring, which has the opening of the metal terminal with its Inner opening forms.
- the metal connection further has, in addition to the mentioned inner ring, a further part, which is preferably formed as an outer ring.
- the mentioned further part has another, to the axis of implementation coaxial opening.
- the inner ring and the other part of the metal terminal are connected vacuum-tight by means of a Brückenpartieringes.
- the Brückenpartiering is formed either by a connecting seam, preferably a welding or Lötnaht, or, if the inner ring and further part of the metal circuit are integrally formed, formed by a said one-piece creating annular web.
- Inner ring coaxial opening are considered as two independent parts.
- the sealing integrity of these two parts is created by the mentioned connection seam or the mentioned ring land.
- the latter are due to their material, in the seam, or their dimension in the bridge realization, able, as a practical
- the mentioned inner ring of the metal terminal and the opening in the other part of the mentioned metal terminal are offset in this direction to each other.
- the latter allows, if constructively desired, the external radius of the inner ring regardless of the radius of the opening in the other part of the metal terminal form and the inner ring or the other part in the radial
- Embodiments of the measuring cell in the first and the second aspect of the present application can be combined, as well as with the embodiments to be mentioned, unless contradictory to this, is of the
- an electrically conductive plate assembly provided with an opening coaxial with said passage.
- Plate assembly is towering from one of the implementation facing surface of the plate assembly
- the ionization vacuum measuring cell comprises: a) an evacuable housing with a measuring port for the vacuum to be measured, a first and a second electrode in the
- Measuring chamber is formed, which is arranged communicating with the measuring terminal, wherein the first
- Electrode forms the outer electrode and this has a substantially cylindrical surface, and that the second electrode is rod-shaped and lies in the axis, an electrically insulating, vacuum-tight
- Feedthrough arranged at one end of the housing on the opposite side of the measuring terminal, which has an insulator arranged around the axis and the second rod-shaped electrode is sealingly passed through this insulator, with at least one permanent magnet ring, which encloses the coaxial arrangement of the electrodes
- Permanent magnet ring enclosing ferromagnetic yoke, wherein further the yoke is guided away in the axial direction on both sides of the permanent magnet ring and after a predetermined distance from
- Permanent magnet ring - in longitudinal section view - is guided on both sides in the radial direction to the axis and the first electrode, said first electrode forms the outer electrode of the coaxial arrangement of the electrodes, in such that the yoke is bilateral and spaced from the
- Permanent magnet ring forms two annular poles, over which at least part of the field lines of the permanent magnet ring inside the measuring chamber, penetrating the first electrode, close, wherein at least partially formed around the axis annular tunnel-like magnetic field over the first electrode within the measuring chamber, and In the radial direction, directed against the axis, in the region of at least one of the inner poles of the yoke disc-shaped ferromagnetic guide means are arranged, which as the first and second
- Polular are formed and whose center around the axis each have an opening for passage of the second electrode and the Meßgas trimlass, wherein between the implementation and the second pole facing this disc in the radial region of the insulator and coaxial to the axis
- Shielding device is arranged to protect the insulator from contamination by sputtered particles from the measuring chamber, which forms a Ionisationsraum, and that the insulator comprises a ceramic cylinder with the second electrode facing inner surface and a melted onto this and the second electrode glass ring.
- the features of the ionization vacuum measuring cell explained in the first aspect can be combined with those of the ionization vacuum measuring cell explained in the second aspect, of course if such a combination does not lead to contradictions, and it is thus an ionization vacuum measuring cell created at both the dismantling as well as implementation of the advantages mentioned in each case are realized.
- FIG. 1a shows, in cross-section, schematically and simplified, a first embodiment of a magnetron ionization vacuum measuring cell according to the invention with a ring magnet with axial magnetization
- FIG. 1 b in a representation analogous to that of Fig.la, another embodiment of an inventive
- Measuring cell namely a magnetron - ionization - vacuum measuring cell with two spaced apart in the axial direction ring magnet with radial magnetization, which surrounds an outer soft magnetic yoke.
- Fig. Lc in a representation analogous to that of Fig.la a further embodiment of an inventive
- Measuring cell namely a magnetron ionisation vacuum measuring cell with two ring magnets with axial
- FIG. 2a in a representation analogous to that of FIG. 1a, a further embodiment of a measuring cell according to the invention, namely a magnetron ionization vacuum measuring cell with a ring magnet with radial
- FIG. 2b is a view similar to that of Fig.la a further embodiment of a measuring cell according to the invention, in which the vacuum housing is formed by the yoke itself,
- Fig. 2c in a representation analogous to that of Fig.la a further embodiment of a measuring cell according to the invention, in which the vacuum housing between the first electrode and the arrangement of the magnet system or the magnetization arrangement is arranged, such that the magnetic system of permanent magnet and yoke outside the vacuum chamber is in the range of atmosphere,
- FIG. 2 d shows a further embodiment of a measuring cell according to the invention, analogous to that of FIG. 1 a, in which the vacuum housing is simultaneously designed as a first electrode such that the
- Magnetic system of permanent magnet and yoke outside the vacuum chamber is in the range of atmosphere, Fig. 2e in a representation analogous to that of Fig.la a further embodiment of an inventive
- Fig. 3 in a representation analogous to that of Fig.la a further embodiment of an inventive
- Fig. 4 in a representation analogous to that of Fig. La, a further embodiment of an inventive
- Measuring cell in which the ring magnet and / or the ferromagnetic conducting means associated with the pole is arranged asymmetrically and / or displaceably in the axial direction within the arrangement of the yoke,
- Fig. 5a in plan view of a segment as part of a composite ring magnet in which the magnetization direction perpendicular to the chord of
- Fig. 5b is a plan view of a segment as part of a composite ring magnet with radially directed magnetization direction
- FIG. 5c is a partial plan view of a composite of individual bar magnet ring magnet, the individual bar magnets are magnetized in the same direction, Fig. 6a in a representation analogous to that of Fig.la a further embodiment of an inventive
- Measuring cell in which two axially spaced ring magnets are shown within the arrangement of the yoke,
- Measuring cell in which ever another ring magnet with axial polarization on both sides of the pole of the radial
- magnetized ring magnets and mutually opposite polarity and directed against the axis are arranged within the arrangement of the yoke,
- FIG. 11 in a representation analogous to that of FIG. 10, a further embodiment of the mentioned, electrically insulating and vacuum-tight leadthrough, FIG. 12 based on a representation analogous to those of FIGS. 10 and 11, the implementation in which additional lateral feedthroughs are installed,
- FIG. 15 is a view similar to that of FIG. 14, another embodiment of said provisions, namely, as mentioned, to mitigate or even eliminate impairments of the lateral passages according to FIG. 12 by mechanical stresses, in particular thermally induced,
- Fig. 16 shows a further embodiment of the mentioned
- Fig. 17 simplified and schematically, an ionization vacuum measuring cell, wherein a measuring chamber with a
- Housing part is designed interchangeable, according to the first aspect of the present application, Fig. 18 in a representation analogous to that of Fig. 17, an ionization vacuum measuring cell, wherein the measuring chamber by inserting or removing in one
- Measuring cell housing is interchangeable
- FIG. 19 schematically and simplified, an ionization vacuum measuring cell, to which a measuring chamber is interchangeable, and in which the electrically insulating, vacuum-tight
- Measuring chamber is almost completely covered, and thus protected against contamination. It is known to use gas pressure measuring cells for the vacuum measurement, which are based on the principle of a gas discharge with a cold cathode. Such measuring cells are also called cold cathode ionization gauge or Penning cell. designated .
- a sufficiently high DC voltage is applied between two electrodes (anode, cathode), whereby a gas discharge can be ignited and maintained. The discharge current is then a measure of the pressure to be measured.
- Discharge path leads the electrons on their way from the negative electrode (cathode) to the positive electrode in addition (anode) on spiral-like paths, whereby the path of the electrons is extended. This increases the probability of hit with the gas particles and improves the degree of ionization. This ensures that the discharge burns over wide pressure ranges and behaves stable and reproducible.
- Vacuum gauges that work on the principle of gas discharge with cold cathodes can be roughly divided into three classes, which are mainly in the
- the anode is designed as an annular cylinder which encloses the discharge space, wherein cathode plates or plates are arranged on both end sides of the anode ring.
- the magnetic field lines are parallel to the axis of the anode ring.
- the anode is designed as a hollow cylinder with a central axis and arranged with the cathode as a rod in the center or in the axis.
- Magnetic field lines run parallel to the cylinder axis.
- Cylinder geometry is as in the magnetron cell, but with the anode as a rod-shaped arrangement in the center and the cathode as a hollow cylinder.
- the faces of the cylinder are typically also at cathode potential.
- the magnetic field lines are parallel to the cylinder axis, the field lines of the electric field are radial.
- the space accessible to the gas to be measured within an ionization vacuum cell comprises a measuring chamber, within which the ionization space, located between anode and cathode.
- the interior of the measuring chamber can thus be identical to the ionization chamber or, moreover, comprise regions of space that are probably exposed to the gas to be measured, but the latter is not subject to ionization there.
- the ionization space is as mentioned between anode and cathode and is, in inverted magnetron cells, from the cathode, at
- the most widely used cell design is that of the inverted magnetron, as it is generally a
- Variant (A) of the magnetization arrangement is the classical variant, with the advantage that such annular
- Magnets 1 with axial magnetization are simple and inexpensive to manufacture.
- soft magnetic material can thus be homogeneous
- the cathode 3 is, as already mentioned, cylindrical and closes the
- Ionization space 20 a In the axis of the cylindrical cathode 3, the anode 4 is arranged. The whole is of the annular permanent magnet 1 with axial
- the ionization chamber has at least one opening, which communicates with the outside to be measured with the vacuum space P.
- a measuring cell has a releasable flange connection, directly on the cathode 3 or on a dashed line
- the rod-shaped electrode 4 is by means of an electrically insulating, vacuum-tight passage 103 in the
- the bushing rides on the electrode 3 or on the housing 101.
- the housing 101 or the cathode 3 itself forms a measuring chamber 107 within the magnetization arrangement 105 with the permanent magnets 1 on the ionization vacuum measuring cell according to FIG. 1a.
- the measuring chamber 107 is designed as a
- interchangeable component designed, preferably non-destructively no further dismantled. it includes
- the cathode depending on their design, at least a portion of the housing 101.
- the electrically insulating and vacuum-tight passage 103 may be part of the interchangeable measuring chamber 107 with the anode 4.
- Measuring chamber 107 the measuring cell, for example.
- the electrically insulating and vacuum-tight feedthrough 103 is advantageously both in one
- Measuring cell concept with interchangeable measuring chamber 107 as well as in a measuring cell concept with non-replaceable measuring chamber 107 formed basically with a ceramic cylinder coaxial with the anode 4 and a glass ring, which is melted onto the anode 4 and the ceramic body.
- the outer surface of said ceramic cylinder is a second
- the cathode 3 is usually on
- Ground potential of the measuring cell laid, but can also be electrically floating with respect to housing 101, which then another vacuum-tight, electrically
- Insulating passage for potential potential of the cathode 3 is required.
- the variant (B), according to FIG. B, has two radial
- variant (B) has smaller stray fields 15 towards the outside, in particular in the radial direction. Part of the generated
- Permanent magnet material must be used.
- the stray field is still appreciably present and can interfere, especially if a strong field of use is generated in the ionization space 20 should, then the outer stray field is correspondingly stronger and enters further into the outdoor area.
- the passage is not part of the exchangeable measuring chamber 107, unless it comprises a part of the housing 101 with the passage 103.
- a disadvantage of variant (A) is the relatively strong flux densities, which extend beyond the ionization chamber 20, even the measuring chamber 107 and even the entire
- variant (B) reduces such stray fields 15 by forming a magnetic closure outside the ionization chamber 20 and outside the exchangeable measuring chamber 107, between the two ring magnets 1, by arranging a guide plate 2 or a yoke of soft magnetic material on the magnetization arrangement 105 becomes. However, they are still forming
- the gas discharge is small due to the small, no longer perpendicular to the electric field axis, magnetic flux density in the center at the height between the two magnetic rings and thus remains a part of the ionization space 20 in the measuring chamber 107 unused.
- a non-negligible interfering stray field 15 resulting from the magnetic shunt on the outside of the magnets a non-negligible interfering stray field 15, as shown in the figure lc
- Inverted magnetrons are commonly used in the
- the plasma discharge splits or activates gases. For example, hydrocarbons are cracked via plasma-chemical dissociation reactions. polymerized. Also, this may result in fittings of the aforementioned areas.
- the measuring chamber is dirty. Since small currents in the range of 1 CT 9 A are measured with this method of measurement at low pressures, even a slightly conductive contamination of the bushing 103 can cause leakage currents which falsify the measurement or even make it impossible.
- One example illustrates the problem of the required high electrical insulation at a feedthrough 103 of a cold cathode / anode arrangement.
- the measuring current is typically 10 "9 A.
- the leakage current will be of the same order of magnitude as the measuring current
- wall material is sputtered off during operation. It can cause baubles that individually or in the unit pollute the electrically insulating and vacuum-tight passage 103, allow leakage currents or leakage currents or even produce short circuits and thereby the period of use of the measuring cell until a cleaning is due to drastically limit.
- the measuring chamber 107 with or without at least part of a housing 101 and / or with no passage 103, as a component, directly interchangeable, then already calibrated measuring chambers 107 can temporarily take over the operation of the cleaned.
- FIG. 103 individually or in combination, to shorten standstill times of the ionisation vacuum measuring cell and / or to provide a novel electrically insulated and vacuum-tight duct, according to FIG. 103, which in particular has relatively low production costs and, correspondingly, relatively low production costs Insulation and density requirements
- Magnetizing arrangement are proposed at the measuring cell, which includes a magnetron and in which disturbing magnetic stray fields outside the measuring cell substantially reduced, or even substantially completely avoided.
- the measuring cell should be able to detect a large pressure range to be measured and work reliably and reproducibly. Furthermore, this should be compact in good training and be economically producible.
- the resulting pollution during operation, for example, self-sputtering, cracking and the like should not lead to long and / or frequent downtime of the measuring cell.
- the measuring cell has a) an evacuable housing with a measuring connection for the vacuum to be measured, b) a first and a second electrode located in the
- a measuring chamber is formed, which is arranged communicating with the measuring terminal, wherein the first electrode forms the outer electrode and this has a substantially cylindrical surface, and that the second electrode is rod-shaped and lies in the axis, c) an electrically insulating vacuum-tight leadthrough arranged at one end of the housing on the
- Discharge current formed between the electrodes which forms a function of the vacuum pressure to be measured, f) at least one permanent magnet ring enclosing the coaxial arrangement of the electrodes, with substantially radially aligned to the axis magnetization direction and a permanent magnet ring enclosing this ferromagnetic yoke, wherein: the Yoke in the axial direction on both sides in front
- Leaded electrode said first electrode, the outer electrode of the coaxial arrangement of
- Forming electrodes such that the yoke on both sides and spaced from the permanent magnet ring forms two annular poles over which at least part of the field lines of the permanent magnet ring within the measuring chamber, penetrating the first electrode, close, at least partially an annular around the axis
- disc-shaped ferromagnetic guide means which are formed as first and second pole disc and the center around the axis each have an opening for passage of the second electrode and for the sample gas passage, wherein between the passage and the second pole plate facing this in the radial
- Shielding device is arranged to protect the insulator from contamination by dust particles from the
- Measuring chamber which forms an ionization space.
- the measuring chamber according to the invention Aspect 1 - interchangeable and / or the electrical
- the first, outer electrode can be operated as an anode, wherein the second, inner electrode is operated as a cathode.
- the outer, first electrode is operated as a cathode and the coaxial inner electrode is operated as an anode.
- inverted magnetron is the
- the preferably arranged in the center anode is preferably formed rod-shaped.
- the magnetization arrangement has outside the
- Measuring chamber always soft magnetic material.
- the bilateral magnetic closure between the poles passes over the soft magnetic material. This avoids that the magnetization arrangement generates a disturbing stray field towards the outside or such is minimized at least.
- at least two annular, tunnel-like, inwardly directed magnetic field configurations form over the surface of the first electrode, each with an axial component.
- the field lines go from the inner pole of the at least one permanent magnet inwards and penetrate the first electrode, these being on both sides of the magnet over the poles of the soft magnetic or ferromagnetic
- Electrode The electrons rotating therein, as seen in cross-section, oscillate laterally along the field lines and rotate in a circle within the rings in the opposite direction and cause a high degree of ionization due to the thus extended residence time.
- the passage in the anode area must be able to withstand up to 5 kV, which is approximately the highest anode voltage in operation. Since in the lower measuring range of a measuring cell at typically 10 "9 mbar the ionization current in the range of 10 ⁇ 10 to 1CT 9 A is located, the insulation resistance must accept 13 ohm values in the range 10, so that the leakage current does not limit the sensitivity of the measuring cell with respect to the measurement current.
- the measuring cell as shown above in addition to the provisions of the 1st and / or 2nd aspect of the application, allows the measuring chamber to be heated up to at least 150 ° C or even to at least 250 ° C.
- Overpressure is permissible up to 10 bar and the leak rate is better 1E-9 mbar 1 / s.
- the implementation includes, as a metal connector one
- Metal ring preferably of stainless steel, in particular of non-magnetic stainless steel (1 .4435, AISI 316 L). Particularly preferably, the ring consists of Hastelloy.
- Hastelloy C-22 NiCr2 1 mol 4W, 2.4602 is a nickel-chromium-molybdenum-tungsten alloy. it is very
- Hastelloy B3 (NiMo29Cr, 2.4600) is a nickel-molybdenum alloy with very good resistance to hydrochloric acid other acids. Both Hastelloys are not magnetic.
- the insulator of the implementation consists of the mentioned glass / ceramic composite.
- the glass preferably has a matched thermal expansion coefficient, such as a Covar Schott 8250 or BH-7 Nippon glass.
- the ceramic cylinder is preferably made of A1203. This ceramic allows, surprisingly, the increase in
- the rod-shaped anode is sealingly fused with the glass of the glass ring, passed and fixed.
- the diameter of the anode is for example 1 mm. This preferably consists of Hastelloy C22.
- feedthrough pins may be placed on the periphery of the feedthrough, i. through the metal connection. They are used for the passage of electrical signals to and / or optionally arranged in the housing of the measuring cell additional sensors such as Pirani or diaphragm pressure sensors, such as capacitive
- Membrane pressure sensors serve to potential potential of the cathode. They also act with advantage as a support for the construction of additional sensors.
- such sensors can be arranged particularly advantageously directly in an annular cavity, next to the passage and the protruding ceramic cylinder.
- the measuring cell in the contemporary style is supplemented by the fact that around the center opening of the second pole disc in the direction of the implementation at least a second
- Cylinder is arranged coaxially with the axis, which projects into the ceramic cylinder with an overlap, wherein in the region of the overlap, the two cylinders are spaced from each other such that they do not touch and a gap is formed in the radial direction. This will be the way for dust particles from the
- the cathode electrode is a separate pipe part or cylinder, for example
- Measuring chamber (s.107) is enclosed.
- the pole discs point On the periphery of the circumference webs on which allow the sample gas from the measuring inlet over the gap to pass through to the implementation. This arrangement also forms an embodiment of an invention
- the exchangeable measuring chamber which can easily be replaced and replaced if the contamination of the measuring chamber becomes too large.
- the exchangeable measuring chamber can also be made of different materials depending on the application of the measuring cell in different processes.
- the cathode may be in the removable measuring chamber
- Titanium sheet are manufactured. Due to the properties of sputtered titanium, unwanted gases can be bound or pumped away. The pumping effect may possibly be taken into account in the firmware for the calibration of the measuring cell.
- An embodiment of an ionization vacuum measuring cell 30 with a magnetron magnetization arrangement 105 is schematically, simplified and shown in cross section in FIG. 2a, for example.
- a housing 101 has a measuring port 8 and this can be connected to the vacuum to be measured, whereby the housing 101 is evacuated accordingly.
- the connection between this housing 101 and the container with the vacuum to be measured can take place, for example, via a sealing flange 11.
- the vacuum measuring cell 30 comprises the housing 101, with two electrodes 3, 4 and one
- Magnetizing arrangement 105 wherein in the present Execution, the housing 101 encloses this.
- Magnetization assembly 105 includes a
- Permanent magnet ring 1 and a yoke 2 made of ferromagnetic material.
- the ferromagnetic material can both
- the first and a second electrodes 3, 4 are in
- the first electrode 3 forms the outer electrode and has a substantially
- the second electrode 4 may also be cylindrical or rod-shaped, is advantageously located in the center, lying in the axis 7, arranged.
- Both electrodes can electrically via vacuum-tight, electrical feedthroughs 105A, 105K on the housing 101
- a voltage source is connected to the electrodes 2, 3.
- Current measuring means 17 are used to evaluate a discharge current, the discharge, which is formed between the electrodes 3, 4. This
- Discharge current corresponds to a function of the vacuum pressure to be measured and is evaluated electronically and supplied for further use. At least one
- Permanent magnet ring 1 encloses the coaxial arrangement of the electrodes 3, 4 with substantially radially aligned to the axis of magnetization direction 13. This Permanent magnet ring 1 is further from a yoke. 2
- the yoke 2 is guided in the axial direction on both sides before the permanent magnet ring 1 away and after a predetermined distance d from
- Permanent magnet ring 1 pole 9a and 9b is formed.
- the first electrode 3 is the outer electrode of the coaxial arrangement of the electrodes 3, 4. At least a part of the field lines of the permanent magnet ring 1, the
- the first electrode 3 penetrating, preferably one
- annular tunnel-like magnetic field 14 is formed above the first electrode 3 within the ionization space 20.
- the outer first electrode 3 is preferably operated as a cathode and the inner second electrode 4 as an anode.
- the permanent magnet ring 1 is in the radial direction
- group of rare earths such as neodymium, samarium, etc.
- FIG. 5a to 5c is shown.
- the magnetization takes place in the indicated direction of the arrow, in the case of the segment of FIG. 5a in a uniform direction or in the case of FIG
- Segmentes of Figure 5b in the radial direction In the case of FIG. 5c, individual, for example, rectangular magnets are lined up in an annular manner. The length h is then preferably longer than wide at the individual piece. The thickness of the magnetic ring 1 is preferably not greater than the width h.
- the shape of the U-shaped yoke 2 is in the sectional plane in which the axis 7 is at least partially angled
- the bend is formed at right angles, as in the
- Permanent Magnet ring are opposite to the axis 7th
- Electrode 3 are arranged lying in order to perform the magnetic field optimally and use.
- the poles 9a, 9b of the yoke are arranged such that there the magnetic field 14 through the first electrode 3rd
- the magnetic payload field 14 thus leads away from the pole of the permanent magnet ring 1 through the first
- Electrode 3 through and closes arcuately
- one or both poles 9a, 9b of the yoke 2 may also be arranged such that the field lines 14 pass only partially or not at all through the first electrode 3, as for example in FIG. 2b in the upper region for the one pole 9a is shown.
- the yoke 2 is angled towards the axis, so that there, too, the field lines 14 again pass through the first electrode 3. It is advantageous if this bend on both sides of the cylindrical first
- Electrode 3 takes place.
- Electrode 3 a kind of closed cylinder which has only one opening 8 for the supply of the sample gas P and possibly means for holding the second electrode within this cylinder with an electrical, possibly also vacuum-tight passage for feeding the second
- Electrode In addition to the angled configuration of the yoke 2, at least parts of it can also be guided at least partially arcuately in the radial direction to the first axis 7 or the electrode 3, as shown in Figure 2e.
- the elements of the measuring cell 30, the magnetization arrangement and the two electrodes 3, 4 are enclosed by the vacuum-tight housing 101.
- This housing 101 has an opening 8 and a
- Port 11 preferably designed as a flange, with which the measuring cell 30 can be connected to the vacuum volume to be measured, sealingly connected.
- the housing 101 encloses the magnetization system 105.
- the exchangeable measuring chamber 107 is radially limited here by the electrode 3 with respect to the axis 7.
- the measuring chamber 107 forming housing 101.
- a further ⁇ us accommodationssform (not shown here) is formed with the measuring chamber 107, the electrode 4 and the electrically insulating and vacuum-tight implementation corresponding to 103 A replaceable by the above-mentioned implementation of the electrode 3, and not attached to the housing 101.
- the opening 8 of the housing 101 formed so large that the measuring chamber 107 can be replaced by the opening 8. Otherwise, and if the opening 8 is formed as drawn, for example, in Fig. 2b, it is readily possible, as in Fig. 2b
- the flange 11 as a housing part 101 a on the remaining housing 101 releasably unscrew and remove to replace the measuring chamber 107 or
- FIG. 2b Another possible further embodiment of the measuring cell 30 with the housing 101 is shown in FIG. 2b.
- the yoke 2 of the magnetization arrangement 105 is simultaneously formed as a vacuum-tight housing 101 with connection means 11 arranged thereon.
- the yoke 2 may also be only part of the housing 101.
- the housing 101 may be made partly of soft magnetic or ferromagnetic material and partly of non-magnetic material, such as
- the replaceable measuring chamber is also limited by the electrode 3 radially outside.
- the feedthrough 103A with the electrode 4 is part of the exchangeable measuring chamber 107.
- Magnetizing arrangement 105 are arranged such that the magnetization assembly 105 comes to rest entirely outside the vacuum enclosing housing 101. This has the advantage that the materials of the Magnetization arrangement 105, the ionization space 20 can not contaminate or contaminate, whereby the
- the replaceable measuring chamber 107 is here bounded by the housing 101, or at least a part thereof, radially outward.
- the bushing 103A rides on the housing 101, whereby here also the electrode 4 and the bushing 103A, but with the housing 101, part of
- the first electrode 3 can also be formed as a vacuum-tight housing 101 at the same time. This also makes it possible to separate the magnetization arrangement 105 from the ionization space 20 by vacuum technology, and furthermore a compact, simple design of the measuring cell 30
- Permanent magnet ring 1 can be arranged asymmetrically within the yoke 2 between its legs with the two poles 9a, 9b in the axial direction or even
- the permanent magnet ring 1 becomes centric with respect to the poles 9a, 9b of the yoke 2
- the exchangeable measuring chamber 107 in FIG. 2d is bounded radially outward by the electrode 3.
- the bushing 103A rides on the electrode, thus again the electrode 4 and the bushing 103A, part of the interchangeable
- Measuring chamber 107 are.
- the magnetic field which is directed inwards from the poles, can be influenced by additional conducting means to further optimize the discharge.
- ferromagnetic guide means 6 are arranged, as shown in Figures 3 and 4
- openings are provided therein to pass the second electrode 4 and / or to facilitate gas exchange.
- Conductive means 5a and 5b can readily form the end portions of the electrode 3 according to FIG. 1c, since such conducting means 5a and 5b lose their conductivity with respect to the magnetic field in that they are not set to the electrical potential of the electrode 3.
- these conducting means 5a, 5b and / or 6 can be part of the exchangeable measuring chamber 107, by being exchanged with the mentioned one electrode 3, which in any case is part of the interchangeable measuring chamber 107 mentioned.
- FIG. 6 a A further embodiment of the magnetization arrangement 105 is shown in FIG. 6 a, in which two permanent magnet rings 1, spaced axially from each other and opposite to each other, are arranged inside the yoke 2. This arrangement creates a particularly powerful annular magnetron field between the two poles of the
- Permanent magnet rings 1 are preferred.
- the replaceable measuring chamber 107 in Fig. 6a is bounded by the electrode 3 radially outward.
- the implementation 103 rides on the electrode 3, so again the electrode 4 and the passage 103, part of the interchangeable
- Measuring chamber 107 are.
- FIG. 6b Another embodiment of the magnetization arrangement 105 is shown in FIG. 6b.
- a further ring magnet 21a, 21b is arranged each which is magnetized in the axial direction and which are arranged in the area against the axis 7 within the magnet system.
- the thickness of the magnetic ring 21 in the radial direction is at most half the width h of the permanent magnet ring 1.
- Magnetic tunnel via the first electrode 3 can be achieved.
- a ring magnet 21, with advantage, and between two permanent magnet rings 1 are arranged according to the embodiment described above according to the figure 6a.
- the exchangeable measuring chamber 107 in Fig. 6b is bounded by the electrode 3 radially outward.
- the bushing 103 rides on the electrode 3, whereby here also the electrode 4 and the bushing 103, part of the interchangeable
- Measuring chamber 107 are.
- Measuring chamber 107 be inventive in that then the bushings 105 as will be described later than metal / glass / ceramic / glass composite feedthroughs already addressed type are formed. Without further ado, however, the embodiments may be interchangeable
- Measuring chambers 107 in addition to those as mentioned
- Measuring cell 30 is between 2.0 kV and 4.5 kV. Below dimensions are given for the important parts.
- the second electrode 4 (anode):
- Length of the anode within the measuring space for example 20 mm, with the preferred range of 10 to 30 mm.
- Diameter of the anode for example 1.0 to 1.5 mm, with the preferred range of 1.0 to 5.0 mm.
- the first electrode 3 (cathode): length of the cathode: for example, 20 mm, with the
- Diameter of the cathode for example 20 to 25 mm, with the preferred range of 15 to 35 mm.
- - Material non-magnetic (also para- or diamagnetic).
- the permanent magnet ring 1 The permanent magnet ring 1:
- Height in the axial direction for example 5.0 mm, with the preferred range of 3.0 to 10 mm.
- - Width h in the radial direction for example, 5.0 mm, with the preferred range of 3.0 to 10 mm.
- Diameter of the measuring cell for example 30 to 50 mm, with the preferred range of 25 to 80 mm.
- Magnetic field The flux density on the cylinder axis, measured within the measuring chamber in the axial direction, is in the range of 10 mT (milli Tesla) to 300 mT, preferably in the range of 60 to 130 mT.
- Stray field 15 - Smaller 2.0 mT at a distance of 30 mm in the radial direction from the outer edge of the measuring cell 30, preferably less than 0.5 mT.
- Magnitude of the earth's magnetic field is measured at the Earth's surface. It has been shown that with the high ionization performance of the present magnetron cold cathode vacuum measuring cell, more material is also dusted off the electrode surfaces. Good protection of the insulators of the bushing 103 from being repositioned by such atomized
- Material particles is therefore particularly important.
- the first electrode, the cathode is formed as part of an exchangeable measuring chamber, which can easily be e.g. messan gleich put in or on the rest of the measuring cell can be installed, e.g. insertable and thus one
- Interchangeable unit forms.
- the replacement takes place when a certain undesired degree of contamination is present, which undesirably degrades the measuring accuracy or the reliable operation of the measuring cell is no longer guaranteed.
- Embodiment will now be described in more detail with reference to Figures 7 and 8. It comprises: a) an evacuable housing 101 with a measuring connection 8 for the vacuum to be measured, b) a first and a second electrode 3, 4, which in the
- the ionization space 20 is arranged communicating with the measuring terminal 8, wherein the first electrode 3 forms the outer electrode and this substantially a cylindrical surface c) an electrically insulating vacuum-tight feedthrough 103 arranged at one end of the housing 101 on the opposite side of the measuring terminal 8, this one arranged around the axis 7 insulator 41, 41 'and the second rod-shaped electrode 4 through this
- Insulator is guided sealingly, d) at least one permanent magnet ring 1, which encloses the coaxial arrangement of the electrodes 3, 4, with in
- ferromagnetic guide means 5a, 5b are arranged, which are formed as first and second pole disk 5a, 5b and their centers around the axis 7 each have an opening 31,31 "for passage of the second electrode 4 and for the Meßgas penlass, wherein between the passage 103rd and the facing this second pole disc 5b in the radial region of the insulator 41, 41 'and coaxially to the axis 7 a shielding device 42,60 is arranged to protect the insulator 41,41' from contamination by
- Electrode 4 rides with the passage 103 on the housing 101 and thus, in this embodiment, not part of interchangeable Messharimmer 107 is.
- the measuring chamber 107 is held by the magnetization arrangement, including the plate-shaped guide means or pole disks 5a, 5b, 6 extendable to the measuring chamber 107 in the housing 101, wherein, as shown in Figure 7, in addition, a snap ring 68 can be provided to the positioning of the inserted measuring chamber 107 in the housing 101 to
- a ceramic cylinder At the implementation of 103 acting as a shield cylinder 42, which also acts as an insulator, a ceramic cylinder.
- the insulator 41 ⁇ is a glass ring which is fused with the cylindrical inner surface of the ceramic cylinder 42 on the one hand and with the electrode 4 on the other hand.
- the insulator 41 is a second glass ring, which is fused on the one hand with the cylindrical outer surface of the ceramic cylinder 42, on the other hand with a ring
- the signal evaluation on the measuring cell according to FIG. 7 is carried out by connecting a voltage source 16 to the electrodes 3, 4, the discharge current being evaluated by current measuring means 17, the discharge being formed between the electrodes 3, 4 Measured discharge current forms a function of the vacuum pressure to be measured.
- magnetic holder 70 can be arranged relative to the yoke to the
- Permanent magnet ring 1 to hold precisely in position. This arrangement with permanent magnet ring 1, yoke 2 and
- Magnetic holder 70 may also be formed as a structural unit, which can be easily pushed over the tubular housing 101.
- a shoulder as a stop for the positioning can be provided accordingly on the outer circumference of the housing 101.
- the ionization space 20 or the exchangeable measuring chamber 107 is advantageously provided on the front side and in the axial direction 7
- first and a second pole disk 5a, 5b bounded on both sides in the length are each arranged in the region of the two poles 9a, 9b of the yoke 2, wherein optionally directly the inner wall of the tubular housing 101 as an electrode 3 or an additional
- the directed in the radial direction, in the region of the inner pole of the permanent magnet ring 1 against the axis 7 towards ferromagnetic guide means is formed as a third pole disc 6 and has in the center also has an opening 31 'for the passage of the second
- the pole disks are advantageously designed as circular disks.
- the advantageous embodiment of the measuring chamber 107 shown in FIG. 7 consists in that the first electrode 3 is designed as a separate, preferably plate-shaped, cylinder
- the electrode cylinder 3 encloses the measuring chamber 107 and, closing on both sides, is connected to the first and the second pole disk 5a, 5b.
- the width of the gap 63 is
- Measuring chamber diameter but sufficiently large to achieve a sufficient conductance for the passage or distribution of the sample gas from the measuring inlet 8 over the entire ionization 20.20 ⁇ to the region of the implementation 103rd
- the first and second pole plate 5a, 5b, and possibly the third pole disc 6 or more, preferably 2 thereof are at the periphery of the inner wall of the housing 101, wherein in the region of the gap 63 webs 35 on the
- Measuring chamber position e.g. a positioning shoulder 61 may be provided.
- the measuring chamber 107 is simply inserted over the measuring inlet 8 into the housing 101 when replacing it
- Messeinlasses 8 are secured in position with an element for fixing, for example, a snap ring 68th
- pole disks have, in addition to the center opening 31, 31 ', 31 ", at least one additional opening, preferably a plurality of openings 32, 32'
- the permeability of the measurement gas is increased in the ionization space 20, 20 '.
- an ignition aid 33 (see FIG Igniting the discharge can be initiated better.
- This consists, for example, of a small metal part, such as a small plate, which has sharp edges or tips, which is freed of field emission with a voltage pulse
- Charge carrier is effected.
- Insulator parts 41,41 ', 42 (glass / ceramic / glass) of
- the ceramic cylinder projects beyond the one 41 ⁇ as insulating part 42, preferably both insulating parts designed as glass rings 41 ⁇ and 41.
- a metallic support ring 43 as a metal terminal, is sealingly connected to the second insulator part 41, ie fused to the second glass ring.
- the metal terminal 43 here annular, carries the leadthrough 103.
- the metal terminal 43 is sealingly connected at 45 to the periphery with the one end of the housing 101 facing the metering inlet 8.
- the connection at 45 to the housing 101 is advantageously welded, in particular laser welded.
- the material used for the metal connection 43 is above all a stainless steel (inox), a non-magnetic steel being preferred in order not to unduly influence the discharge in the ionization space.
- Housing 101 is also advantageously made of a non-magnetic, stainless steel (Inox).
- At least one second cylinder 60 is arranged coaxially with the axis 7 around the center opening 31 of the second pole disk 5b in the direction of the passage 103.
- This second pole disk 5b is positioned relative to the passage 103 and the two cylinders 42, 60 dimensioned in length and diameter such that the second cylinder 60 protrudes into the first, spaced therefrom.
- Both cylinders are arranged coaxially with one another and with respect to the axis 7. In this case, in the region of the overlap b, the two cylinders 42, 60 are radially spaced from each other such that they do not touch and a gap a is formed in the radial direction.
- This gap a forms an insulation stretch in a vacuum.
- the creepage distance at the ber Design of the insulators is extended and there are shading areas in which dusty material from the ionization space can not get there.
- the surface of the insulators, namely the glass rings and the ceramic cylinder in the embodiment according to the invention, thereby remains at least in front of contamination
- Cylinder 42 is ceramic.
- the second cylinder 60 at the second pole disc 5b is advantageously made of a metal, which is not advantageous
- the immersion depth or overlap b of the two cylinders 42, 60 is for example 1.0 mm, with a preferred range of 0.1 mm to 3.0 mm.
- the distance (gap) a between the two cylinders 42, 60 in the radial direction is 10, for example, 0.5 mm, with a preferred range of 0.2 mm to 10.0 mm.
- the first cylinder is in accordance with the invention training the implementation 107, a ceramic, as from
- Insulator part 41, 41 ' in the case of the embodiment of the bushing 103 according to the invention, a glass is used, such as Schott 8250 log whose electrical volume resistivity at 250 ° C. is 10.0 ohm cm (Brochure Schott Technical Glasses, Physical and technical properties, 90491 English 04100.7 kn / lang,
- annular chamber 47 is formed, in which, for example, a
- Additional vacuum sensor 48 is arranged.
- Additional vacuum sensor 48 the use of a Piranisensors or a membrane pressure sensor is particularly suitable. These sensors are small in construction and can be accommodated elegantly in this annular chamber 47 in the region of the passage 103. These are also also by the shielding 42,60, ie in
- Metal cylinder 60 reliably protected against unwanted deposits from the ionization chamber.
- the Pirani measuring cell can be provided with a further protective arrangement 49.
- the feedthrough members, feedthrough rods or pins 44 additionally required for such measuring cells may be readily provided in combination with the feedthrough 103.
- Such feedthrough rods 44 may, for example, be integrated directly into the insulator portion 41 and / or, and preferably into the metal terminal 43 as well.
- the range of application of the vacuum measuring cell 30 can be significantly expanded.
- Such a combination measuring cell makes it possible to significantly expand the precisely measurable vacuum pressure range.
- the second electrode is formed as a rod and lies in the axis, c) an electrically insulating and vacuum-tight
- the measuring cell further comprises a measuring chamber in or on the housing, therein at least the first electrode.
- the measuring chamber is designed as an exchangeable component and / or it has the electrically insulating and
- the bushing then further comprises a metal port with a cylinder opening coaxial with the axis and with the cylindrical one
- the passage then further comprises a second glass ring fused onto the cylindrical outer surface of the ceramic cylinder, set back axially from the end face of the ceramic cylinder facing the ionization space, the opening inner surface being connected in a vacuum-tight manner to the second glass ring.
- the second aspect of the present application and its combination further comprises the measuring cell d) at least one permanent magnet ring enclosing the coaxial arrangement of the electrodes, with substantially radially aligned to the axis magnetization direction and a permanent magnet ring enclosing this ferromagnetic yoke wherein the yoke in the axial direction on both sides of the permanent magnet ring is guided away and after a predetermined distance from the permanent magnet ring is guided on both sides in the radial direction to the axis and the first electrode.
- This first electrode is the outer electrode of the coaxial arrangement of
- Electrodes such that the yoke on both sides and spaced from the permanent magnet ring forms two annular poles over which at least a part of the field lines of Permanent magnets ring within the ionization space, penetrating the first electrode, close. It is at least partially annular around the axis
- first and second pole disc arranged, which as first and second pole disc
- Shielding device arranged to protect the insulator from contamination by dust particles from the
- This inventive measuring cell can be as follows
- the at least one permanent magnet ring is arranged displaceably in the axial direction within the yoke relative to the poles K) in that directed in the radial direction towards the axis, in the region of the inner pole of the
- pole disk which has an opening in the center for passage of the second electrode.
- the measuring chamber M in that the implementation in the center has an at least two-part insulator, which with the second rod-shaped electrode sealingly surrounds the first insulator part, wherein the second insulator part comprises the first annular in the radial direction to the axis and sealing at least a first cylinder therebetween
- Polular in the direction of the implementation of at least one second cylinder is arranged coaxially to the axis, which projects into the first cylinder with an overlap, wherein in the region of the overlap, the two cylinders are arranged spaced from each other so that they do not touch and a gap in the radial Direction is formed 0) in that at least one of the two insulator parts is formed of glass.
- insulating material preferably one
- the second tube piece (60) is made of a metal which is not ferromagnetic
- the first electrode is formed as a separate sheet-shaped cylinder part and coaxially spaced, forming a gap therebetween, of the
- Inner wall is arranged spaced from the housing and, the measuring chamber enclosing, is completed on both sides with the first and the second pole disc
- the first pole disc and possibly the third pole disc has at least one further opening, preferably more, which distributes over the disc
- FIG. 10 is a simplified longitudinal section representation of a good development of the already presented with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8 implementation 103 shown.
- a ceramic cylinder 114 is molded coaxially with the axis 110 via a glass ring 116 with the metal rod 112.
- the outer cylindrical surface of the ceramic cylinder 114 in turn is connected via a second glass ring 118 to the metal terminal 120.
- the metal connection 120 has an opening 122 coaxial to the axis 110, and the further glass ring 118 is, as mentioned, on the one hand with the
- first glass rings 116, 116a, 116b and associated ceramic cylinder 114a, 114b are provided in order to further increase the electrical insulation of the bushing 103.
- Ionization vacuum cell Ionization space side possibly provided cylinder, as shown in dashed lines in Fig. 11 at 125, and corresponding cylinder 60 of Fig. 7, which the ceramic cylinder 114 of the bushing 103rd
- FIG. 12 shows the feedthrough 103 supplemented with one or more lateral feedthroughs 130 with feedthrough bars 132, for example for the additional pressure sensors according to FIG
- the lateral feedthroughs 130 are provided in the metal terminal 120. Its axis 134 is
- the lateral feedthroughs 130 are formed by a respective bore 136, through the metal connection 120, in which, coaxially, the rod 132 to be carried out is arranged.
- the rod or pin 132 is fused by the glass of a glass insert 138 with the metal terminal 120, in the bore 136 vacuum-tight and electrically isolated from the wall of the bore 136th
- a plurality of lateral feedthroughs 130 are provided which are arranged to provide as direct electrical access to ionization space as possible
- these lateral feedthroughs 130 for optimum positioning, need not all be radially equal with respect to the feedthrough axis 110
- borehole 136 is provided in the metal connection 120, which are not needed for a feedthrough 130 for a specific application, then such a borehole 130 can be closed in a vacuum-tight manner at 130 o in FIG. 12 by means of a fused glass insert.
- cracks such as hairline cracks, occur in the glass inserts 138, which both their vacuum tightness as well as their
- the metal terminal is divided 120 into two “slidable” in limits and primarily relative to each other in the radial direction parts 120i and 120 a.
- the lateral passages 130 of the shaft 110 outer portion 120 provided at the respect.
- the integrity of the two Parts as metal terminal 120 is represented by a
- This buffer zone which may be provided along a separation gap 140 between the mentioned parts of the metal terminal 120, is as this Gap formed circumferentially bridging material zone and may include relatively ductile metal and / or may be designed so thin that they are practically feathery
- the metal connection 120 is divided by an annular gap 140 coaxial with respect to axis 110 of the passage 103 into an inner part 120i and an outer 120 ' a, preferably both made of the same metal.
- the ride or ride rides the already described with reference to FIG. 12 lateral-passage 130.
- the integrity of the metal terminal 120 is formed by acting as a buffer zone bridge section, 145 in Fig. 13
- annular gap 140 can, as shown schematically in FIG. 14, the inner 120i and outer 120 a part of the metal terminal 120 may be formed so as to extend along at least a plane E perpendicular to the axis 110, to which the two parts 120i and 120 a
- the integrity of the part 120 together with vacuum-tightness can be formed by a circumferential connection seam, such as a welding or soldering seam 150.
- a circumferential connection seam such as a welding or soldering seam 150.
- An advantage of the basic embodiment of FIG. 14 is that the two parts are guided in the radial expansion direction and therefore can not be mutually bent, which could lead to bending stresses, in particular on the glass ring 118 according to FIG. 11 and subsequent ceramic cylinder.
- the coaxial gap 140 according to FIG. 13 is actually designed as a space region open against the axis 110, which assumes the gap function with respect to radial displaceability of the outer part 120 a with respect to the inner part 120 i and therefore in FIG. 14 also designated 140.
- Sections subdivided annular gap 140 is provided, which ensures the required relative radial mobility for receiving the voltages. According to FIG. 15, the
- Connecting web be created there, for example. segmented. It must be pointed out that the bridge section, which preserves the integrity of the metal connection 120
- the bridge section can be created by webs 145 x possibly 145 2 , which are created by incorporating the gap structure 140 into the material of the metal connection 120.
- the ionization vacuum cell has one aspect of the invention
- Fig. 17 is schematically and simplified one of
- the interchangeable measuring chamber 107 with sample gas connection 8 comprises in any case, as indicated by dashed lines, the one electrode 3 and thus, apart from the second electrode, the
- the measuring chamber 107 is. connected at a connection zone 152 with the rest of the housing part 101 a , as by means of a bayonet closure, a screw connection, etc.
- Messcromedia.107 is indicated in Fig. 17 with the double arrow AU.
- the electrically insulating and vacuum-tight feedthrough 103 can be provided (not shown in FIG. 17) on the remaining housing part 101 a or on the measuring chamber 107. In the last-mentioned case is with the measuring chamber 107th also replaced at the mentioned implementation 103 performed electrode.
- the measuring chamber 107 is inserted on the side of the sample gas port 8 in the housing 101 and fixed therein.
- Housing 101 to be firmly connected or with the exchangeable measuring chamber 107th
- the electrically insulating and vacuum-tight passage 103 is highly sensitive to contamination. If, as is highly simplified and shown schematically in FIG. 19, the interchangeable measuring chamber 107 does not include the aforementioned feedthrough 103, but the latter is fixedly connected to the housing 101, then anyway the bar which is indicated 104 in FIG. 19 must also be electric isolated in the measuring chamber 107, there in the ionization space, are introduced.
- an only electrically insulating, non-vacuum-tight passage is provide to 109 'of the measuring chamber 107th It will therefore coaxially with axis 7 and consequently passage 103 to the measuring chamber 107 is provided only an electrically insulating bushing 109, through which the rod 104 is fed fed upon insertion of the measuring chamber 107.
- Fig. 119 for example, only the measuring cell is constructed in the manner of a Penning cell with cathode 4 K and anode 3 A. If necessary, to ensure the interchangeability of
- Measuring chamber 107 as shown schematically in Fig. 19 at 106
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2015560565A JP2016513787A (ja) | 2013-03-06 | 2013-07-09 | 電離真空測定セル |
US14/773,250 US9945749B2 (en) | 2013-03-06 | 2013-07-09 | Ionization vacuum measuring cell |
DE112013006774.9T DE112013006774A5 (de) | 2013-03-06 | 2013-07-09 | Ionisations-Vakuummesszelle |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CH00553/13A CH707685A1 (de) | 2013-03-06 | 2013-03-06 | Ionisations-Vakuummesszelle mit Abschirmvorrichtung. |
CH553/13 | 2013-03-06 |
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WO2014135229A1 true WO2014135229A1 (de) | 2014-09-12 |
WO2014135229A9 WO2014135229A9 (de) | 2014-11-27 |
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US (1) | US9945749B2 (de) |
JP (2) | JP2016513787A (de) |
CH (1) | CH707685A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE112013006774A5 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2014135229A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
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WO2017050361A1 (de) * | 2015-09-23 | 2017-03-30 | Inficon ag | Ionisations-vakuummesszelle |
TWI739300B (zh) * | 2015-01-15 | 2021-09-11 | 美商Mks儀器公司 | 離子化計及其製造方法 |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2015048664A1 (en) | 2013-09-30 | 2015-04-02 | Mks Instruments, Inc. | Cold cathode ionization vacuum gauge |
EP3058984A1 (de) * | 2015-02-20 | 2016-08-24 | Heraeus Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG | Bauteil mit einem keramischen Grundkörper, mit einem Leitungselement und mit einem Befestigungselement und ein Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
EP3244433A1 (de) * | 2016-05-10 | 2017-11-15 | ABB Schweiz AG | Vakuumschalter mit mitteln zur bestimmung des restgasdrucks und verfahren zur bestimmung dafür |
JP6990251B2 (ja) | 2016-12-13 | 2022-01-12 | エム ケー エス インストルメンツ インコーポレーテッド | 逆マグネトロン冷陰極電離真空計に用いられるアノード電極シールド |
RU2680672C1 (ru) * | 2018-04-24 | 2019-02-25 | Акционерное общество "Научно-производственное объединение Измерительной техники" (АО "НПО ИТ") | Датчик вакуума |
KR20220062647A (ko) * | 2019-09-20 | 2022-05-17 | 인피콘 아크티엔게젤샤프트 | 압력을 결정하는 방법 및 압력 센서 |
JP7165714B2 (ja) * | 2020-12-22 | 2022-11-04 | チュルク ウント ヒリンガー ゲーエムベーハー | 電気加熱装置のためのフィードスルー、そのようなフィードスルーを備える電気加熱装置、そのようなフィードスルーを備えるシステム、およびそのようなフィードスルーを製造するための方法 |
WO2022264603A1 (ja) * | 2021-06-14 | 2022-12-22 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | プラズマ源及び当該プラズマ源を用いた原子時計 |
CN114964586A (zh) * | 2022-05-16 | 2022-08-30 | 玉环普天单向器有限公司 | 单向器扭力测试工装 |
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- 2013-07-09 DE DE112013006774.9T patent/DE112013006774A5/de active Pending
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TWI739300B (zh) * | 2015-01-15 | 2021-09-11 | 美商Mks儀器公司 | 離子化計及其製造方法 |
TWI795918B (zh) * | 2015-01-15 | 2023-03-11 | 美商Mks儀器公司 | 製造測量裝置之方法 |
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EP3564983A1 (de) * | 2015-09-23 | 2019-11-06 | Inficon AG | Ionisations-vakuummesszelle |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2014135229A9 (de) | 2014-11-27 |
JP6499236B2 (ja) | 2019-04-10 |
US9945749B2 (en) | 2018-04-17 |
US20160025587A1 (en) | 2016-01-28 |
JP2016513787A (ja) | 2016-05-16 |
DE112013006774A5 (de) | 2015-12-17 |
CH707685A1 (de) | 2014-09-15 |
JP2017198711A (ja) | 2017-11-02 |
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