WO2014132857A1 - 高純度銅コバルト合金スパッタリングターゲット - Google Patents
高純度銅コバルト合金スパッタリングターゲット Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014132857A1 WO2014132857A1 PCT/JP2014/053892 JP2014053892W WO2014132857A1 WO 2014132857 A1 WO2014132857 A1 WO 2014132857A1 JP 2014053892 W JP2014053892 W JP 2014053892W WO 2014132857 A1 WO2014132857 A1 WO 2014132857A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/06—Alloys based on copper with nickel or cobalt as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
- C23C14/16—Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon
- C23C14/165—Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon by cathodic sputtering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/3407—Cathode assembly for sputtering apparatus, e.g. Target
- C23C14/3414—Metallurgical or chemical aspects of target preparation, e.g. casting, powder metallurgy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/34—Gas-filled discharge tubes operating with cathodic sputtering
- H01J37/3411—Constructional aspects of the reactor
- H01J37/3414—Targets
- H01J37/3426—Material
- H01J37/3429—Plural materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high-purity copper-cobalt alloy sputtering target that can suppress the generation of particles.
- the component composition is expressed in%, and even when there is no indication in particular, all means “at%”.
- an Al alloy (specific resistance: about 3.0 ⁇ ⁇ cm) has been used as a wiring material for semiconductor elements, but with the miniaturization of wiring, copper wiring having a lower resistance (specific resistance: 2.0 ⁇ ⁇ cm). Degree) has been put into practical use.
- a diffusion barrier layer such as Ta or TaN is formed on a wiring or a wiring groove, and then copper is formed by sputtering.
- copper having a purity of about 4N (excluding gas components) was used as a crude metal, and a high purity of 5N to 6N was produced by a wet or dry purification process and used as a sputtering target. .
- copper is very effective as a semiconductor wiring.
- the reliability of copper wiring decreases due to the formation of electromigration and stress induced voids. Improvement of the material itself is also required.
- An example of such a material is a copper cobalt alloy.
- a copper cobalt alloy target When a thin film layer is formed by sputtering, a copper cobalt alloy target is required.
- the production of this target can be broadly divided into two types, one based on the sintering method and the other based on the melting / casting method. From the viewpoint of the strength, density and production efficiency of the target, it can be said that it is desirable to produce it by the melting / casting method.
- the copper-cobalt alloy target has an inherent problem, and a problem that many particles are generated during sputtering occurs.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a Cu-based sputtering target containing 2 to 20 at% of one or more transition metal elements selected from (Cr, Co, Mo, W, Fe, Nb, V).
- this technique is manufactured by a powder metallurgy method, and is not advantageous from the viewpoint of target strength, density, and production efficiency.
- Patent Document 2 a copper material made of high purity copper or a low concentration copper alloy is subjected to multi-axis forging processing in which compression processing is performed from different directions, and crystal grains are refined.
- the initial processing temperature T1 for compressing the first pass in the multi-axis forging process causes at least partial dynamic recrystallization in the copper material. Temperature.
- the fine grain copper material manufactured by this manufacturing method and the sputtering target which consists of this fine grain copper material are provided.
- Co is also mentioned as an additive element of the copper material of this literature 2, there is no specific example, and what shows the generation state of particles after processing into a target is not described at all.
- Patent Document 3 mainly describes a Cu-based matrix for the purpose of providing a Cu-based sputtering target material having a low specific resistance and a high corrosion resistance and capable of producing a thin film with small component nonuniformity.
- a sputtering target material containing an element showing a phase diagram of Cu and non-solid solution, a monotectic system or a peritectic system, in which a second phase mainly composed of the element is precipitated in a Cu matrix with an average area ratio of 5% or less Describes a Cu-based sputtering target material characterized in that the average diameter of the second phase is 50 ⁇ m or less.
- this material contains Co addition, since the raw material is powder and is manufactured by HIP processing, it is not advantageous from the viewpoint of target strength, density and production efficiency.
- Patent Document 4 an alloy containing Cu as a main component (Cu alloy) and having improved adhesion to a glass substrate or a silicon film is realized, and a wiring material using this Cu alloy is disclosed.
- a Cu alloy composed of Au and / or Co and Cu, the composition ratio of Cu being 80 to 99.5 wt%, and the sum of the composition ratio of Au and the composition ratio of Cu is It is described that a Cu alloy characterized by 0.5 to 20 wt% is proposed as a wiring material. It is described that when the wiring material having such a structure is formed on a glass substrate or a silicon wafer by a sputtering method, the electric resistance is sufficiently low and a strong adhesion strength with the substrate is observed.
- paragraph 0053 of Document 4 briefly describes the process of manufacturing the sputtering target, and seems to have no interest in problems such as generation of particles when processed into the target.
- a melt-cast copper cobalt alloy ingot is processed into a target shape having a predetermined dimension, and then the surface is cut.
- the smoothness of the target surface is improved, generation of particles during sputtering can be suppressed, and a thin film excellent in uniformity (uniformity) can be formed.
- the copper-cobalt alloy has a problem that cannot be solved by simply smoothing the surface. In the prior art, there is no example of developing the target material from such a viewpoint.
- CuCo alloys are subjected to age hardening at a temperature of 700 ° C. or lower after age hardening (for example, heating at 1000 ° C. for 1 hour in air and then water cooling).
- age hardening for example, heating at 1000 ° C. for 1 hour in air and then water cooling.
- a high-purity copper-cobalt alloy sputtering target useful for forming an alloy wiring can be provided. This invention makes these measures a subject.
- the present invention provides the following inventions. 1) A high-purity copper-cobalt alloy sputtering target containing 0.1 to 20 at% Co and the balance being Cu and inevitable impurities, and the size of the precipitate in the target structure is 10 ⁇ m or less, and A high-purity copper-cobalt alloy sputtering target, wherein the number of precipitates is 500 / mm 2 or less.
- the high-purity copper-cobalt alloy sputtering target of the present invention is a high-purity copper-cobalt alloy sputtering target containing 0.1 to 20 at% Co and the balance being Cu and unavoidable impurities.
- the impurity carbon ( C) and oxygen (O) are each 10 ppm or less, and a high-purity copper-cobalt alloy sputtering target having a purity of 99.99% (4N) or more is provided, thereby suppressing generation of particles during sputtering. It became possible. As a result, there is an effect that it is possible to provide a sputtering target capable of improving the yield and reliability of semiconductor products that are becoming finer and highly integrated.
- the high-purity copper-cobalt alloy sputtering target of the present invention contains 0.1 to 20 at% Co, and the balance is Cu and unavoidable impurities, and the purity is 99.99% (4N) or higher. It is.
- the carbon (C) and oxygen (O) impurities contained in this target are each 10 ppm or less. Thereby, Cu—Co precipitates in the target structure can be significantly reduced. Note that the matrix of the target structure is in a state where Co is dissolved in Cu.
- Cu—Co precipitates in the target structure cause direct generation of particles during sputtering and deteriorate the quality of film formation. This can be said to be a great effect of the sputtering target.
- the Co content is less than 0.1 at%, the electromigration resistance and stress inducible void performance are reduced. If the Co content exceeds 20 at%, the resistance increases, and the function as a copper alloy wiring for a semiconductor decreases.
- the composition range of the copper cobalt alloy needs to be within the above range.
- the addition within the above range also has an effect of improving the machinability and workability, so that the target can be easily manufactured and the productivity can be improved. Further, the machinability has the effect of improving the smoothness of the surface of the target and further suppressing the generation of particles during sputtering.
- the size (size) of precipitates in the target structure can be 10 ⁇ m or less, and the number of precipitates can be 500 pieces / mm 2 or less. This is also one of the major features of the present invention. Decreasing the size (size) of the precipitate and reducing the number of precipitates are large indicators for obtaining a good target.
- a high purity copper cobalt alloy sputtering target can manufacture the raw material of a target by melt
- the high purity copper cobalt alloy sputtering target is produced by melting and casting raw materials of cobalt and copper to produce an ingot, and performing hot forging, cold rolling, and heat treatment without subjecting the ingot to age hardening treatment, The target is processed.
- age hardening treatment is considered as a normal technical means.
- this process must not be performed in the production of the sputtering target of the present invention. That is, when age hardening is performed, it is difficult to suppress the occurrence of Cu—Co precipitates in the target structure even in the range of the above components.
- the size (size) of the precipitates in the target structure can be made 10 ⁇ m or less, and the number of the precipitates can be made 500 pieces / mm 2 or less. Sputtering using an alloy sputtering target can significantly reduce the generation of particles.
- high purity copper having a purity of 4N or more and cobalt of an additive element having a purity of 4N or more are dissolved in a carbon crucible (crucible).
- high-purity copper having a purity of 4N or higher can be dissolved in a carbon crucible (crucible) in advance, and cobalt having a purity of 4N or higher can be added to the target component composition.
- the alloy thus obtained can be cast to obtain a high-purity copper-cobalt alloy ingot containing 0.1 to 20 at% of Co and additional elements of the present invention.
- this copper-cobalt alloy includes Sb, Zr, Ti, Cr, Ag, Au, Cd, In, As, Be, B, Mg, Mn, Al, Si, Ca, Ba, La,
- One element or more selected from Ce can be added in a total amount of 500 ppm or less. Since these additive elements have the effect of reducing the grain size, they can be added as appropriate when the crystal grain size needs to be controlled.
- the copper-cobalt alloy ingot is hot forged at a predetermined forging ratio and then rolled at a predetermined reduction ratio to obtain a rolled sheet. This is further heat-treated at a predetermined temperature and time. Thereafter, surface processing such as grinding and polishing, bonding to a backing plate, and finishing are further performed to manufacture a sputtering target assembly made from the high-purity copper-cobalt alloy.
- Example 1 In Example 1, high purity copper (Cu) having a purity of 4N was dissolved in a high vacuum atmosphere using a carbon crucible (crucible). Moreover, high purity cobalt (Co) having a purity of 4N was prepared and charged into a molten copper. This molten copper cobalt alloy was cast into a water-cooled copper mold in a high vacuum atmosphere to obtain an ingot. The size of the ingot was set to ⁇ 160 mm ⁇ 300 mmL. The steps up to here are the same in the following examples (except for purity).
- the sputtering conditions are as follows. Input power: 38 [kW] Deposition time: 6.5 [seconds] Ar flow rate: 4 [sccm]
- the evaluation method of the deposit is as follows. In the target, as shown in FIG. 1, 5 areas of 1 mm ⁇ 1 mm were observed, and the number of precipitates having a size (size) of 10 ⁇ m or less was obtained for each, and the average of these was 1 mm ⁇ 1 mm in area. Divided. In addition, the size (size) of the precipitate was an average of the major axis and the minor axis.
- the evaluation of particles is based on the measurement of the number of particles on the surface of the film by Surfscan manufactured by KLA-Tencor. Counted. As for the number of particles on the wafer (average value), the number of particles of 0.2 ⁇ m or more was 5.2 / wafer, and the number of particles of 0.08 ⁇ m or more was 9.8 / wafer. The number of particles (average value) is an “average value” of three 300 mm ⁇ wafers, and so on.
- Table 1 shows the target Co content, presence / absence of age hardening treatment, purity (%), C concentration (ppm), O concentration (ppm), the number of precipitates (10 ⁇ m or less), and the number of particles (average value). The results and evaluation are shown.
- Example 2 The steps until obtaining the ingot are the same as those in Example 1 described above (however, the purity is excluded), and the description is omitted. As a result, a purity of 4N5, C: 5 ppm, O: 9 ppm, Cu-1 at% Co ingot was produced, and this ingot was then subjected to forging temperature 900 ° C., cold rolling (rolling rate 70%), and heat treatment (500 ° C.). The organization was adjusted and the target was created. The prepared target had 300 precipitates / mm 2 of 10 ⁇ m or less precipitates. The prepared target was formed into a film by a sputtering apparatus, and particles on the wafer were measured.
- the number of particles was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the number of particles on the wafer (average value) was very small, ie, 6.1 ⁇ m / wafer when 0.2 ⁇ m or more and 11.3 / wafer when 0.08 ⁇ m or more.
- Table 1 shows the target Co content, presence / absence of age hardening treatment, purity (%), C concentration (ppm), O concentration (ppm), the number of precipitates (10 ⁇ m or less), and the number of particles (average value). The results and evaluation are shown.
- Example 3 The steps until obtaining the ingot are the same as those in Example 1 described above (however, the purity is excluded), and the description is omitted. As a result, a purity of 4N5, C: 2 ppm, O: 8 ppm, Cu-5 at% Co ingot was produced, and then this ingot was subjected to forging temperature 900 ° C., cold rolling (rolling rate 70%), and heat treatment (500 ° C.). The organization was adjusted and the target was created. The prepared target had 290 precipitates / mm 2 of 10 ⁇ m or less. The prepared target was formed into a film by a sputtering apparatus, and particles on the wafer were measured.
- the number of particles was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the number of particles on the wafer (average value) was 6.0 ⁇ / wafer when 0.2 ⁇ m or more, and 10.8 per wafer when 0.08 ⁇ m or more.
- Table 1 shows the target Co content, presence / absence of age hardening treatment, purity (%), C concentration (ppm) O concentration (ppm), the number of precipitates (10 ⁇ m or less), and the number of particles (average value). Results and evaluation are shown.
- Example 4 The steps until obtaining the ingot are the same as those in Example 1 described above (however, the purity is excluded), and the description is omitted. As a result, a purity of 4N5, C: 7 ppm, O: 5 ppm, Cu-10 at% Co ingot was produced, and then this ingot was subjected to forging temperature 900 ° C., cold rolling (rolling rate 70%), and heat treatment (500 ° C.). The organization was adjusted and the target was created. The prepared target had 360 precipitates of 10 ⁇ m or less / mm 2 . The prepared target was formed into a film by a sputtering apparatus, and particles on the wafer were measured.
- the number of particles was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the number of particles on the wafer (average value) was 6.3 particles / wafer at 0.2 ⁇ m or more, and 12.1 particles / wafer at 0.08 ⁇ m or more.
- Table 1 shows the target Co content, presence / absence of age hardening treatment, purity (%), C concentration (ppm), O concentration (ppm), the number of precipitates (10 ⁇ m or less), and the number of particles (average value). The results and evaluation are shown.
- Example 5 The steps until obtaining the ingot are the same as those in Example 1 described above (however, the purity is excluded), and the description is omitted. As a result, a purity of 5N, C: 9 ppm, O: 9 ppm, Cu-20 at% Co ingot was produced, and then this ingot was subjected to forging temperature 900 ° C., cold rolling (rolling rate 70%), and heat treatment (500 ° C.). The organization was adjusted and the target was created. The prepared target had 450 precipitates / mm 2 of 10 ⁇ m or less. The prepared target was formed into a film by a sputtering apparatus, and particles on the wafer were measured.
- the number of particles was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the number of particles on the wafer (average value) was 6.7 particles / wafer when 0.2 ⁇ m or more and 12.5 particles / wafer when 0.08 ⁇ m or more.
- Table 1 shows the target Co content, presence / absence of age hardening treatment, purity (%), C concentration (ppm), O concentration (ppm), the number of precipitates (10 ⁇ m or less), and the number of particles (average value). The results and evaluation are shown.
- Example 1 The steps until obtaining the ingot are the same as those in Example 1 described above (however, the purity is excluded), and the description is omitted. As a result, a purity of 4N, C: 4 ppm, O: 6 ppm, Cu-0.1 at% Co ingot was produced. Next, this ingot was heated at 1000 ° C. for 1 hour in the atmosphere and subjected to age hardening treatment, followed by water cooling.
- the target was prepared by adjusting the structure by forging temperature 900 ° C., cold rolling (rolling rate 70%), and heat treatment (500 ° C.). The produced target had 800 precipitates / mm 2 of 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the prepared target was formed into a film by a sputtering apparatus, and particles on the wafer were measured.
- the number of particles was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the in-plane distribution of Co was constant, but the number of particles (average value) on the wafer was 38.3 / wafer at 0.2 ⁇ m or more, and 102.8 / wafer at 0.08 ⁇ m or more. Many results. This is considered to be caused by the precipitation of Cu—Co due to the age hardening treatment.
- Table 1 shows the target Co content, presence / absence of age hardening treatment, purity (%), C concentration (ppm), O concentration (ppm), the number of precipitates (10 ⁇ m or less), and the number of particles (average value). The results and evaluation are shown.
- Example 2 The steps until obtaining the ingot are the same as those in Example 1 described above (however, the purity is excluded), and the description is omitted. As a result, a purity of 4N5, C: 3 ppm, O: 8 ppm, and Cu-1 at% Co ingot was produced. Next, the ingot was heated at 1000 ° C. for 1 hour in the atmosphere and age-hardened, and then water-cooled. The target was prepared by adjusting the structure by ° C., cold rolling (rolling rate 70%), and heat treatment (500 ° C.). The prepared target had 750 pieces / mm 2 of precipitates of 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the number of particles was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the prepared target was formed into a film by a sputtering apparatus, and particles on the wafer were measured.
- the in-plane distribution of Co was constant, but the number of particles (average value) on the wafer was 49.1 particles / wafer at 0.2 ⁇ m or more, and 111.5 particles / wafer at 0.08 ⁇ m or more.
- Table 1 shows the target Co content, presence / absence of age hardening treatment, purity (%), C concentration (ppm), O concentration (ppm), the number of precipitates (10 ⁇ m or less), and the number of particles (average value). The results and evaluation are shown.
- Example 3 The steps until obtaining the ingot are the same as those in Example 1 described above (however, the purity is excluded), and the description is omitted. As a result, a purity of 4N5, C: 2 ppm, O: 7 ppm, Cu-5 at% Co ingot was produced. Next, this ingot was heated at 1000 ° C. for 1 hour in the atmosphere and age-hardened, and then water-cooled. The target was prepared by adjusting the structure by ° C., cold rolling (rolling rate 70%), and heat treatment (500 ° C.). The prepared target had 680 / mm 2 precipitates of 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the number of particles was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the prepared target was formed into a film by a sputtering apparatus, and particles on the wafer were measured.
- the in-plane distribution of Co was constant, but the number of particles (average value) on the wafer was extremely high, 42.1 particles / wafer of 0.2 ⁇ m or more, and 98.3 particles / wafer of 0.08 ⁇ m or more.
- Table 1 shows the target Co content, presence / absence of age hardening treatment, purity (%), C concentration (ppm), O concentration (ppm), the number of precipitates (10 ⁇ m or less), and the number of particles (average value). The results and evaluation are shown.
- Example 4 The steps until obtaining the ingot are the same as those in Example 1 described above (however, the purity is excluded), and the description is omitted. As a result, a purity of 4N5, C: 6 ppm, O: 9 ppm, and Cu-10 at% Co ingot was produced. Next, the ingot was heated at 1000 ° C. for 1 hour in the atmosphere and age-hardened, and then cooled with water. The target was prepared by adjusting the structure by ° C., cold rolling (rolling rate 70%), and heat treatment (500 ° C.). The prepared target had 560 pieces / mm 2 of precipitates of 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the number of particles was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the prepared target was formed into a film by a sputtering apparatus, and particles on the wafer were measured.
- the in-plane distribution of Co was constant, but the number of particles (average value) on the wafer was 33.1 particles / wafer at 0.2 ⁇ m or more, and 65.2 particles / wafer at 0.08 ⁇ m or more.
- Table 1 shows the target Co content, presence / absence of age hardening treatment, purity (%), C concentration (ppm), O concentration (ppm), the number of precipitates (10 ⁇ m or less), and the number of particles (average value). The results and evaluation are shown.
- Example 5 The steps until obtaining the ingot are the same as those in Example 1 described above (however, the purity is excluded), and the description is omitted.
- a purity of 5 N, C: 5 ppm, O: 8 ppm, Cu-20 at% Co ingot was produced, and then this ingot was heated at 1000 ° C. for 1 hour in the atmosphere and age-hardened and then cooled with water, forging temperature 900 ° C.
- the target was prepared by adjusting the structure by cold rolling (rolling ratio 70%) and heat treatment (500 ° C.).
- the produced target had 900 precipitates / mm 2 of 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the number of particles was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the prepared target was formed into a film by a sputtering apparatus, and particles on the wafer were measured.
- the in-plane distribution of Co was constant, but the number of particles (average value) on the wafer was 56.3 / wafer for 0.2 ⁇ m or more and 123.2 / wafer for 0.08 ⁇ m or more.
- Table 1 shows the target Co content, presence / absence of age hardening treatment, purity (%), C concentration (ppm), O concentration (ppm), the number of precipitates (10 ⁇ m or less), and the number of particles (average value). The results and evaluation are shown.
- Example 6 The steps until obtaining the ingot are the same as those in Example 1 described above (however, the purity is excluded), and the description is omitted. As a result, a purity of 3N5, C: 2 ppm, O: 7 ppm, Cu-0.1 at% Co ingot was produced, and then this ingot was forged at 900 ° C., cold-rolled (rolling rate 70%), heat-treated (500 ° C. ) And adjusted the organization to create a target. The prepared target had 890 precipitates / mm 2 of 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the number of particles was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the prepared target was formed into a film by a sputtering apparatus, and particles on the wafer were measured.
- the in-plane distribution of Co was constant.
- the number of particles (average value) on the wafer was as large as 32.1 particles / wafer at 0.2 ⁇ m or more and 121.1 particles / wafer at 0.08 ⁇ m or more. This is considered to be because the purity is poor and as a result, a large amount of Cu—Co is precipitated.
- Table 1 shows the target Co content, presence / absence of age hardening treatment, purity (%), C concentration (ppm), O concentration (ppm), the number of precipitates (10 ⁇ m or less), and the number of particles (average value). The results and evaluation are shown.
- Example 7 The steps until obtaining the ingot are the same as those in Example 1 described above (however, the purity is excluded), and the description is omitted. As a result, a purity of 3N5, C: 6 ppm, O: 3 ppm, Cu-1 at% Co ingot was produced, and this ingot was then subjected to forging temperature 900 ° C., cold rolling (rolling rate 70%), and heat treatment (500 ° C.). The organization was adjusted and the target was created. The prepared target had 850 pieces / mm 2 of precipitates of 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the number of particles was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the prepared target was formed into a film by a sputtering apparatus, and particles on the wafer were measured. As a result, the in-plane distribution of Co was constant.
- the number of particles on the wafer (average value) was 31.9 / wafer when 0.2 ⁇ m or more, and 111.9 / wafer when 0.08 ⁇ m or more. This is considered to be because the purity is poor and as a result, a large amount of Cu—Co is precipitated.
- Table 1 shows the target Co content, presence / absence of age hardening treatment, purity (%), C concentration (ppm), O concentration (ppm), the number of precipitates (10 ⁇ m or less), and the number of particles (average value). The results and evaluation are shown.
- Example 8 The steps until obtaining the ingot are the same as those in Example 1 described above (however, the purity is excluded), and the description is omitted. In this way, a purity of 3N5, C: 3 ppm, O: 4 ppm, Cu-5 at% Co ingot was produced, and then this ingot was subjected to forging temperature 900 ° C., cold rolling (rolling rate 70%), and heat treatment (500 ° C.). The organization was adjusted and the target was created. The prepared target had 820 / mm 2 precipitates of 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the number of particles was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the prepared target was formed into a film by a sputtering apparatus, and particles on the wafer were measured. As a result, the in-plane distribution of Co was constant.
- the number of particles on the wafer (average value) was 34.8 particles / wafer at 0.2 ⁇ m or more and 100.2 particles / wafer at 0.08 ⁇ m or more. This is considered to be because the purity is poor and as a result, a large amount of Cu—Co is precipitated.
- Table 1 shows the target Co content, presence / absence of age hardening treatment, purity (%), C concentration (ppm), O concentration (ppm), the number of precipitates (10 ⁇ m or less), and the number of particles (average value). The results and evaluation are shown.
- Example 9 The steps until obtaining the ingot are the same as those in Example 1 described above (however, the purity is excluded), and the description is omitted. As a result, a purity of 3N5, C: 8 ppm, O: 5 ppm, Cu-10 at% Co ingot was produced, and then this ingot was subjected to forging temperature 900 ° C., cold rolling (rolling rate 70%), and heat treatment (500 ° C.). The organization was adjusted and the target was created. The prepared target had 860 precipitates / mm 2 of 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the number of particles was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the prepared target was formed into a film by a sputtering apparatus, and particles on the wafer were measured.
- the in-plane distribution of Co was constant.
- the number of particles on the wafer (average value) was 35.2 particles / wafer at 0.2 ⁇ m or more, and 140.2 particles / wafer at 0.08 ⁇ m or more. This is considered to be because the purity is poor and as a result, a large amount of Cu—Co is precipitated.
- Table 1 shows the target Co content, presence / absence of age hardening treatment, purity (%), C concentration (ppm), O concentration (ppm), the number of precipitates (10 ⁇ m or less), and the number of particles (average value). The results and evaluation are shown.
- Example 10 The steps until obtaining the ingot are the same as those in Example 1 described above (however, the purity is excluded), and the description is omitted. As a result, a purity of 3N5, C: 4 ppm, O: 5 ppm, Cu-20 at% Co ingot was produced, and then this ingot was subjected to forging temperature 900 ° C., cold rolling (rolling rate 70%), and heat treatment (500 ° C.). The organization was adjusted and the target was created. The prepared target had 760 pieces / mm 2 of precipitates of 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the number of particles was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the prepared target was formed into a film by a sputtering apparatus, and particles on the wafer were measured. As a result, the in-plane distribution of Co was constant.
- the number of particles on the wafer (average value) was 43.7 particles / wafer at 0.2 ⁇ m or more, and 79.2 particles / wafer at 0.08 ⁇ m or more. This is considered to be because the purity is poor and as a result, a large amount of Cu—Co is precipitated.
- Table 1 shows the target Co content, presence / absence of age hardening treatment, purity (%), C concentration (ppm), O concentration (ppm), the number of precipitates (10 ⁇ m or less), and the number of particles (average value). The results and evaluation are shown.
- Example 11 The steps until obtaining the ingot are the same as those in Example 1 described above (however, the purity is excluded), and the description is omitted. Thus, a purity of 4N, C: 12 ppm, O: 4 ppm, Cu-0.1 at% Co ingot was produced, and this ingot was then subjected to forging temperature 900 ° C., cold rolling (rolling rate 70%), heat treatment (500 ° C. ) And adjusted the organization to create a target.
- the prepared target had 800 precipitates / mm 2 of 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the prepared target was formed into a film by a sputtering apparatus, and particles on the wafer were measured.
- the number of particles was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the in-plane distribution of Co was constant, but the number of particles (average value) on the wafer was 0.22 ⁇ m or more, 39.2 / wafer, 0.08 ⁇ m or more, 78.9 / wafer, There were very many results. This is presumably because the concentration of C as an impurity is high, and as a result, a large amount of Cu—Co is precipitated.
- Table 1 shows the target Co content, presence / absence of age hardening treatment, purity (%), C concentration (ppm), O concentration (ppm), the number of precipitates (10 ⁇ m or less), and the number of particles (average value). The results and evaluation are shown.
- Example 12 The steps until obtaining the ingot are the same as those in Example 1 described above (however, the purity is excluded), and the description is omitted. Thus, a purity of 4N, C: 6 ppm, O: 13 ppm, Cu-0.1 at% Co ingot was produced, and this ingot was then subjected to forging temperature 900 ° C., cold rolling (rolling rate 70%), heat treatment (500 ° C. ) And adjusted the organization to create a target. The produced target had 830 precipitates / mm 2 of 10 ⁇ m or less. The prepared target was formed into a film by a sputtering apparatus, and particles on the wafer were measured.
- the number of soot particles was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the in-plane distribution of Co was constant, but the number of particles (average value) on the wafer was 33.8 / wafer when 0.2 ⁇ m or more, and 65.3 / wafer when 0.08 ⁇ m or more. Many results. This is presumably because the concentration of O as an impurity is high, and as a result, a large amount of Cu—Co is precipitated. Table 1 shows the target Co content, presence / absence of age hardening treatment, purity (%), C concentration (ppm), O concentration (ppm), the number of precipitates (10 ⁇ m or less), and the number of particles (average value). The results and evaluation are shown.
- Example 13 The steps until obtaining the ingot are the same as those in Example 1 described above (however, the purity is excluded), and the description is omitted. As a result, a purity of 4N, C: 20 ppm, O: 5 ppm, Cu-1 at% Co ingot was produced, and this ingot was then subjected to forging temperature 900 ° C., cold rolling (rolling rate 70%), and heat treatment (500 ° C.). The organization was adjusted and the target was created. The prepared target had 680 pieces / mm 2 of precipitates of 10 ⁇ m or less. The prepared target was formed into a film by a sputtering apparatus, and particles on the wafer were measured.
- the number of particles was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the in-plane distribution of Co was constant, but the number of particles (average value) on the wafer was 28.9 particles / wafer of 0.2 ⁇ m or more, 49.7 particles / wafer of 0.08 ⁇ m or more, There were very many results. This is presumably because the concentration of C as an impurity is high, and as a result, a large amount of Cu—Co is precipitated.
- Table 1 shows the target Co content, presence / absence of age hardening treatment, purity (%), C concentration (ppm), O concentration (ppm), the number of precipitates (10 ⁇ m or less), and the number of particles (average value). The results and evaluation are shown.
- Example 14 The steps until obtaining the ingot are the same as those in Example 1 described above (however, the purity is excluded), and the description is omitted. As a result, a purity of 4N, C: 7 ppm, O: 30 ppm, Cu-1 at% Co ingot was produced, and this ingot was then subjected to forging temperature 900 ° C., cold rolling (rolling rate 70%), and heat treatment (500 ° C.). The organization was adjusted and the target was created. The prepared target had 800 precipitates / mm 2 of 10 ⁇ m or less. The prepared target was formed into a film by a sputtering apparatus, and particles on the wafer were measured.
- the number of soot particles was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the in-plane distribution of Co was constant, but the number of particles (average value) on the wafer was 31.1 particles / wafer at 0.2 ⁇ m or more, and 57.7 particles / wafer at 0.08 ⁇ m or more. Many results. This is presumably because the concentration of O as an impurity is high, and as a result, a large amount of Cu—Co is precipitated. Table 1 shows the target Co content, presence / absence of age hardening treatment, purity (%), C concentration (ppm), O concentration (ppm), the number of precipitates (10 ⁇ m or less), and the number of particles (average value). The results and evaluation are shown.
- Example 15 The steps until obtaining the ingot are the same as those in Example 1 described above (however, the purity is excluded), and the description is omitted. In this way, a purity of 4N, C: 15 ppm, O: 5 ppm, Cu-5 at% Co ingot was produced, and then this ingot was subjected to forging temperature 900 ° C., cold rolling (rolling rate 70%), and heat treatment (500 ° C.). The organization was adjusted and the target was created. The prepared target had 560 pieces / mm 2 of precipitates of 10 ⁇ m or less. The prepared target was formed into a film by a sputtering apparatus, and particles on the wafer were measured.
- the number of particles was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the in-plane distribution of Co was constant, but the number of particles (average value) on the wafer was 35.2 particles / wafer of 0.2 ⁇ m or more, 78.9 particles / wafer of 0.08 ⁇ m or more, There were very many results. This is presumably because the concentration of C as an impurity is high, and as a result, a large amount of Cu—Co is precipitated.
- Table 1 shows the target Co content, presence / absence of age hardening treatment, purity (%), C concentration (ppm), O concentration (ppm), the number of precipitates (10 ⁇ m or less), and the number of particles (average value). The results and evaluation are shown.
- Example 16 The steps until obtaining the ingot are the same as those in Example 1 described above (however, the purity is excluded), and the description is omitted. As a result, a purity of 4N, C: 5 ppm, O: 14 ppm, Cu-5 at% Co ingot was produced, and this ingot was then subjected to forging temperature 900 ° C., cold rolling (rolling rate 70%), and heat treatment (500 ° C.). The organization was adjusted and the target was created. The prepared target had 620 precipitates / mm 2 of 10 ⁇ m or less. The prepared target was formed into a film by a sputtering apparatus, and particles on the wafer were measured.
- the number of soot particles was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the in-plane distribution of Co was constant, but the number of particles on the wafer (average value) was very high, 44.2 / wafer when 0.2 ⁇ m or more, and 77.9 / wafer when 0.08 ⁇ m or more. Many results. This is presumably because the concentration of O as an impurity is high, and as a result, a large amount of Cu—Co is precipitated.
- Table 1 shows the target Co content, presence / absence of age hardening treatment, purity (%), C concentration (ppm), O concentration (ppm), the number of precipitates (10 ⁇ m or less), and the number of particles (average value). The results and evaluation are shown.
- Example 17 The steps until obtaining the ingot are the same as those in Example 1 described above (however, the purity is excluded), and the description is omitted. In this way, a purity of 4N, C: 11 ppm, O: 6 ppm, Cu-10 at% Co ingot was produced, and this ingot was then subjected to forging temperature 900 ° C., cold rolling (rolling rate 70%), and heat treatment (500 ° C.). The organization was adjusted and the target was created. The prepared target had 590 precipitates / mm 2 of 10 ⁇ m or less. The prepared target was formed into a film by a sputtering apparatus, and particles on the wafer were measured.
- the number of particles was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, although the in-plane distribution of Co was constant, the number of particles (average value) on the wafer was 32.5 particles / wafer of 0.2 ⁇ m or more, 69.2 / wafer of 0.08 ⁇ m or more, There were very many results. This is presumably because the concentration of C as an impurity is high, and as a result, a large amount of Cu—Co is precipitated. Table 1 shows the target Co content, presence / absence of age hardening treatment, purity (%), C concentration (ppm), O concentration (ppm), the number of precipitates (10 ⁇ m or less), and the number of particles (average value). The results and evaluation are shown.
- Example 18 The steps until obtaining the ingot are the same as those in Example 1 described above (however, the purity is excluded), and the description is omitted. As a result, a purity of 4N, C: 9 ppm, O: 19 ppm, Cu-10 at% Co ingot was produced, and this ingot was then subjected to forging temperature 900 ° C., cold rolling (rolling rate 70%), and heat treatment (500 ° C.). The organization was adjusted and the target was created. The prepared target had 540 pieces / mm 2 of 10 ⁇ m or less precipitates. The prepared target was formed into a film by a sputtering apparatus, and particles on the wafer were measured.
- the number of soot particles was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the in-plane distribution of Co was constant, but the number of particles (average value) on the wafer was 29.7 / wafer when 0.2 ⁇ m or more, and 56.6 / wafer when 0.08 ⁇ m or more. Many results. This is presumably because the concentration of O as an impurity is high, and as a result, a large amount of Cu—Co is precipitated.
- Table 1 shows the target Co content, presence / absence of age hardening treatment, purity (%), C concentration (ppm), O concentration (ppm), the number of precipitates (10 ⁇ m or less), and the number of particles (average value). The results and evaluation are shown.
- Example 19 The steps until obtaining the ingot are the same as those in Example 1 described above (however, the purity is excluded), and the description is omitted. Thus, a purity of 4N, C: 14 ppm, O: 9 ppm, Cu-20 at% Co ingot was manufactured, and then this ingot was subjected to forging temperature 900 ° C., cold rolling (rolling rate 70%), and heat treatment (500 ° C.). The organization was adjusted and the target was created. The prepared target had 630 / mm 2 precipitates of 10 ⁇ m or less. The prepared target was formed into a film by a sputtering apparatus, and particles on the wafer were measured.
- the number of particles was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, although the in-plane distribution of Co was constant, the number of particles (average value) on the wafer was 23.4 particles / wafer of 0.2 ⁇ m or more, 59.8 / wafer of 0.08 ⁇ m or more, There were very many results. This is presumably because the concentration of C as an impurity is high, and as a result, a large amount of Cu—Co is precipitated. Table 1 shows the target Co content, presence / absence of age hardening treatment, purity (%), C concentration (ppm), O concentration (ppm), the number of precipitates (10 ⁇ m or less), and the number of particles (average value). The results and evaluation are shown.
- Example 20 The steps until obtaining the ingot are the same as those in Example 1 described above (however, the purity is excluded), and the description is omitted. As a result, a purity of 4N, C: 5 ppm, O: 20 ppm, Cu-20 at% Co ingot was produced, and this ingot was then subjected to forging temperature 900 ° C., cold rolling (rolling rate 70%), and heat treatment (500 ° C.). The organization was adjusted and the target was created. The prepared target was 810 pieces / mm 2 of precipitates of 10 ⁇ m or less. The prepared target was formed into a film by a sputtering apparatus, and particles on the wafer were measured.
- the number of soot particles was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the in-plane distribution of Co was constant, but the number of particles (average value) on the wafer was 26.7 / wafer when 0.2 ⁇ m or more, and 69.4 / wafer when 0.08 ⁇ m or more. Many results. This is presumably because the concentration of O as an impurity is high, and as a result, a large amount of Cu—Co is precipitated.
- Table 1 shows the target Co content, presence / absence of age hardening treatment, purity (%), C concentration (ppm), O concentration (ppm), the number of precipitates (10 ⁇ m or less), and the number of particles (average value). The results and evaluation are shown.
- the high-purity copper-cobalt alloy sputtering target of the present invention is a high-purity copper-cobalt alloy sputtering target containing 0.1 to 20 at% Co and the balance being Cu and unavoidable impurities.
- the impurity carbon ( C) and oxygen (O) are each 10 ppm or less, and a high-purity copper-cobalt alloy sputtering target having a purity of 99.99% (4N) or more is provided, thereby suppressing generation of particles during sputtering. It becomes possible.
Abstract
Description
しかしながら、銅コバルト合金のターゲットについては、固有の問題があり、スパッタリング時にパーティクルが多く発生するという問題が発生した。
例えば、下記特許文献1には(Cr、Co、Mo、W、Fe、Nb、V)から選ばれる1 種または2種以上の遷移金属元素を2~20at%含有するCu系スパッタリングターゲットであって、Cuを主体とするマトリックスに、該マトリックスに非固溶な前記遷移金属元素の単体または合金相でなる遷移金属元素相が分散していることを特徴とする電極膜形成用Cu系スパッタリングターゲットが記載されている。しかし、この技術は、粉末冶金法により製作するもので、ターゲットの強度、密度及び生産効率の面から見て得策ではない。
そしてこの製造方法によって製造される微細結晶粒銅材料並びにこの微細結晶粒銅材料からなるスパッタリングターゲットを提供することが記載されている。この文献2の銅材料の添加元素として、Coも挙げられているが、その具体例はなく、ターゲットに加工した後の、パーティクルの発生状況を示すものは、一切記載されていない。
この材料にはCo添加も含まれているが、原料は粉末であり、これをHIP処理して製造するものなのでターゲットの強度、密度及び生産効率の面から見て得策ではない。
しかし、文献4の段落0053で、スパッタリングターゲットを製造する工程が簡略的に記載され、ターゲットに加工された場合のパーティクルの発生等の問題に全く関心がないようである。
ターゲット表面の平滑性が改善されると、スパッタリング時のパーティクルの発生を抑制し、均一性(ユニフォーミティ)に優れた薄膜を形成することができる。
しかしながら、銅コバルト合金では、単に表面を平滑にしただけでは解決できない問題があり、従来技術では、このような観点でターゲット材料を開発した例が見られない。
この原因を調査したところ、組織中に球状のCu-Co析出物が多量存在しており、これがパーティクルの原因であることが分かった。そして、この析出物の生成は、CuCo合金の純度、酸素濃度、カーボン濃度に依存していることがわかった。このことから、さらに詳細な原因の究明と対策が必要であった。
1)Co0.1~20at%を含有し、残部がCu及び不可避的不純物である高純度銅コバルト合金スパッタリングターゲットであって、該ターゲット組織の析出物のサイズ(大きさ)が10μm以下で、かつ該析出物の個数が500個/mm2以下であることを特徴とする高純度銅コバルト合金スパッタリングターゲット。
そして、これにより、微細化・高集積化が進む半導体製品の歩留まりや信頼性を向上させることができるスパッタリングターゲットを提供できる効果を有する。
これによって、ターゲット組織中のCu-Co析出物を著しく減少させることができる。なお、ターゲット組織のマトリックスは、Cuの中にCoが固溶した状態にある。
また、切削性は、ターゲットの表面の平滑性が改善され、スパッタリング時のパーティクルの発生を、さらに抑制する効果もある。
高純度銅コバルト合金スパッタリングターゲットの製造方法は、コバルト及び銅の原料を溶解・鋳造してインゴットを作製し、このインゴットを時効硬化処理せずに、熱間鍛造、冷間圧延、熱処理を行い、ターゲットに加工するものである。
すなわち、時効硬化すると、上記の成分の範囲であっても、ターゲット組織中のCu-Co析出物の発生を抑制することが難しくなるからである。
以上の工程によって、ターゲット組織の析出物のサイズ(大きさ)を10μm以下とし、かつ該析出物の個数を500個/mm2以下とすることを可能とし、これによって得られた高純度銅コバルト合金スパッタリングターゲットを用いてスパッタリングすると、パーティクルの発生を著しく低減することができる。
また、この銅コバルト合金には、必要に応じて、Sb、Zr、Ti、Cr、Ag、Au、Cd、In、As、Be,B,Mg,Mn,Al,Si,Ca,Ba,La,Ceから選択した一元素以上を総計が500ppm以下添加することもできる。これらの添加元素は、粒径を微細にする効果があるので、結晶粒径を制御する必要がある場合は、これらを適宜添加することができる。
この後、研削及び研磨等の表面加工し、バッキングプレートにボンディングし、さらに仕上げ加工して、前記高純度銅コバルト合金から作製されたスパッタリングターゲット組立体に製造する。
実施例1では、純度4Nの高純度銅(Cu)を、カーボンルツボ(坩堝)を用いて高真空雰囲気中で溶解した。また、純度4Nの高純度コバルト(Co)を調整し、銅の溶湯に投入した。この銅コバルト合金の溶湯を、高真空雰囲気中で水冷銅鋳型に鋳込んでインゴットを得た。インゴットのサイズは、φ160mm×300mmLとした。ここまでの工程は、以下の実施例において同様の手順を経る(但し、純度を除く)。
作成したターゲットは10μm以下の析出物が130個/mm2であった。
次に、スパッタリングによって形成した薄膜の膜質評価として、実施例1のターゲットをスパッタして成膜し、パーティクルの発生を評価した。その結果を、表1に示す。
投入電力:38 [kW]
成膜時間:6.5 [秒]
Ar流量:4 [sccm]
析出物の評価方法は、以下の通りである。
ターゲットにおいて、図1に示すように、1mm×1mmの面積を5ヶ所観察し、各々について、10μm以下のサイズ(大きさ)の析出物の個数を求め、これらの平均を1mm×1mmの面積で除した。なお、析出物のサイズ(大きさ)は、長径と短径の平均とした。
ウエハ上のパーティクル数(平均値)は、0.2μm以上のパーティクル数が5.2個/ウエハ、0.08μm以上パーティクル数が9.8個/ウエハと、非常に少ない結果となった。なお、このパーティクル数(平均値)とは、300mmφのウエハ3枚の“平均値”であり、以下同様である。
インゴットを得るまでの工程は、上記実施例1と同様の手順を経る(但し、純度を除く)ので、記載を省略する。これによって、純度4N5、C: 5ppm、O: 9ppm,Cu-1at%Coインゴットを製造し、次にこのインゴットを鍛造温度900℃、冷間圧延(圧下率70%)、熱処理(500℃)で組織調整してターゲットを作成した。
作成したターゲットは、10μm以下の析出物が300個/mm2であった。作成したターゲットをスパッタ装置で成膜してウエハ上のパーティクルを測定した。
表1に、ターゲットのCoの含有量、時効硬化処理の有無、純度(%)、C濃度(ppm)、O濃度(ppm)、析出物数(10μm以下)、パーティクル数(平均値)を測定した結果と評価を示す。
インゴットを得るまでの工程は、上記実施例1と同様の手順を経る(但し、純度を除く)ので、記載を省略する。これによって、純度4N5、C:2ppm、O:8ppm、Cu-5at%Coインゴットを製造し、次にこのインゴットを鍛造温度900℃、冷間圧延(圧下率70%)、熱処理(500℃)で組織調整してターゲットを作成した。作成したターゲットは、10μm以下の析出物が290個/mm2であった。作成したターゲットをスパッタ装置で成膜してウエハ上のパーティクルを測定した。
表1に、ターゲットのCoの含有量、時効硬化処理の有無、純度(%)、C濃度(ppm)O濃度(ppm)、析出物数(10μm以下)、パーティクル数(平均値)を測定した結果と評価を示す。
インゴットを得るまでの工程は、上記実施例1と同様の手順を経る(但し、純度を除く)ので、記載を省略する。これによって、純度4N5、C:7ppm、O:5ppm、Cu-10at%Coインゴットを製造し、次にこのインゴットを鍛造温度900℃、冷間圧延(圧下率70%)、熱処理(500℃)で組織調整してターゲットを作成した。作成したターゲットは、10μm以下の析出物が360個/mm2であった。作成したターゲットをスパッタ装置で成膜してウエハ上のパーティクルを測定した。
表1に、ターゲットのCoの含有量、時効硬化処理の有無、純度(%)、C濃度(ppm)、O濃度(ppm)、析出物数(10μm以下)、パーティクル数(平均値)を測定した結果と評価を示す。
インゴットを得るまでの工程は、上記実施例1と同様の手順を経る(但し、純度を除く)ので、記載を省略する。これによって、純度5N、C:9ppm、O:9ppm、Cu-20at%Coインゴットを製造し、次にこのインゴットを鍛造温度900℃、冷間圧延(圧下率70%)、熱処理(500℃)で組織調整してターゲットを作成した。作成したターゲットは、10μm以下の析出物が450個/mm2であった。作成したターゲットをスパッタ装置で成膜してウエハ上のパーティクルを測定した。
表1に、ターゲットのCoの含有量、時効硬化処理の有無、純度(%)、C濃度(ppm)、O濃度(ppm)、析出物数(10μm以下)、パーティクル数(平均値)を測定した結果と評価を示す。
インゴットを得るまでの工程は、上記実施例1と同様の手順を経る(但し、純度を除く)ので、記載を省略する。これによって、純度4N、C:4ppm、O:6ppm、Cu-0.1at%Coインゴットを製造し、次にこのインゴットを、大気1000℃×1hr加熱して時効硬化処理した後水冷し、これを鍛造温度900℃、冷間圧延(圧下率70%)、熱処理(500℃)で組織調整してターゲットを作成した。
作成したターゲットは10μm以下の析出物が800個/mm2であった。作成したターゲットをスパッタ装置で成膜してウエハ上のパーティクルを測定した。
表1に、ターゲットのCoの含有量、時効硬化処理の有無、純度(%)、C濃度(ppm)、O濃度(ppm)、析出物数(10μm以下)、パーティクル数(平均値)を測定した結果と評価を示す。
インゴットを得るまでの工程は、上記実施例1と同様の手順を経る(但し、純度を除く)ので、記載を省略する。これによって、純度4N5、C:3ppm、O:8ppm、Cu-1at%Coインゴットを製造し、次にこのインゴットを大気1000℃×1hr加熱して時効硬化処理した後水冷し、これを鍛造温度900℃、冷間圧延(圧下率70%)、熱処理(500℃)で組織調整してターゲットを作成した。作成したターゲットは、10μm以下の析出物が750個/mm2であった。
これは時効硬化処理を行ったことにより、Cu-Coが多量に析出したことが原因と考えられる。表1に、ターゲットのCoの含有量、時効硬化処理の有無、純度(%)、C濃度(ppm)、O濃度(ppm)、析出物数(10μm以下)、パーティクル数(平均値)を測定した結果と評価を示す。
インゴットを得るまでの工程は、上記実施例1と同様の手順を経る(但し、純度を除く)ので、記載を省略する。これによって、純度4N5、C:2ppm、O:7ppm、Cu-5at%Coインゴットを製造し、次にこのインゴットを大気1000℃×1hr加熱して時効硬化処理した後水冷し、これを鍛造温度900℃、冷間圧延(圧下率70%)、熱処理(500℃)で組織調整してターゲットを作成した。作成したターゲットは、10μm以下の析出物が680個/mm2であった。
これは時効硬化処理を行ったことにより、Cu-Coが多量に析出したことが原因と考えられる。表1に、ターゲットのCoの含有量、時効硬化処理の有無、純度(%)、C濃度(ppm)、O濃度(ppm)、析出物数(10μm以下)、パーティクル数(平均値)を測定した結果と評価を示す。
インゴットを得るまでの工程は、上記実施例1と同様の手順を経る(但し、純度を除く)ので、記載を省略する。これによって、純度4N5、C:6ppm、O:9ppm、Cu-10at%Coインゴットを製造し、次にこのインゴットを大気1000℃×1hr加熱して時効硬化処理した後水冷し、これを鍛造温度900℃、冷間圧延(圧下率70%)、熱処理(500℃)で組織調整してターゲットを作成した。作成したターゲットは、10μm以下の析出物が560個/mm2であった。
これは時効硬化処理を行ったことにより、Cu-Coが多量に析出したことが原因と考えられる。表1に、ターゲットのCoの含有量、時効硬化処理の有無、純度(%)、C濃度(ppm)、O濃度(ppm)、析出物数(10μm以下)、パーティクル数(平均値)を測定した結果と評価を示す。
インゴットを得るまでの工程は、上記実施例1と同様の手順を経る(但し、純度を除く)ので、記載を省略する。これによって、純度5N、C:5ppm、O:8ppm、Cu-20at%Coインゴットを製造し、次にこのインゴットを大気1000℃×1hr加熱して時効硬化処理した後水冷し、鍛造温度900℃、冷間圧延(圧下率70%)、熱処理(500℃)で組織調整してターゲットを作成した。作成したターゲットは、10μm以下の析出物が900個/mm2であった。
これは時効硬化処理を行ったことにより、Cu-Coが多量に析出したことが原因と考えられる。表1に、ターゲットのCoの含有量、時効硬化処理の有無、純度(%)、C濃度(ppm)、O濃度(ppm)、析出物数(10μm以下)、パーティクル数(平均値)を測定した結果と評価を示す。
インゴットを得るまでの工程は、上記実施例1と同様の手順を経る(但し、純度を除く)ので、記載を省略する。これによって、純度3N5、C:2ppm、O:7ppm、Cu-0.1at%Coインゴットを製造し、次にこのインゴットを鍛造温度900℃、冷間圧延(圧下率70%)、熱処理(500℃)で組織調整してターゲットを作成した。作成したターゲットは、10μm以下の析出物が890個/mm2であった。
表1に、ターゲットのCoの含有量、時効硬化処理の有無、純度(%)、C濃度(ppm)、O濃度(ppm)、析出物数(10μm以下)、パーティクル数(平均値)を測定した結果と評価を示す。
インゴットを得るまでの工程は、上記実施例1と同様の手順を経る(但し、純度を除く)ので、記載を省略する。これによって、純度3N5、C:6ppm、O:3ppm、Cu-1at%Coインゴットを製造し、次にこのインゴットを鍛造温度900℃、冷間圧延(圧下率70%)、熱処理(500℃)で組織調整してターゲットを作成した。作成したターゲットは、10μm以下の析出物が850個/mm2であった。
表1に、ターゲットのCoの含有量、時効硬化処理の有無、純度(%)、C濃度(ppm)、O濃度(ppm)、析出物数(10μm以下)、パーティクル数(平均値)を測定した結果と評価を示す。
インゴットを得るまでの工程は、上記実施例1と同様の手順を経る(但し、純度を除く)ので、記載を省略する。これによって、純度3N5、C:3ppm、O:4ppm、Cu-5at%Coインゴットを製造し、次にこのインゴットを鍛造温度900℃、冷間圧延(圧下率70%)、熱処理(500℃)で組織調整してターゲットを作成した。作成したターゲットは、10μm以下の析出物が820個/mm2であった。
表1に、ターゲットのCoの含有量、時効硬化処理の有無、純度(%)、C濃度(ppm)、O濃度(ppm)、析出物数(10μm以下)、パーティクル数(平均値)を測定した結果と評価を示す。
インゴットを得るまでの工程は、上記実施例1と同様の手順を経る(但し、純度を除く)ので、記載を省略する。これによって、純度3N5、C:8ppm、O:5ppm、Cu-10at%Coインゴットを製造し、次にこのインゴットを鍛造温度900℃、冷間圧延(圧下率70%)、熱処理(500℃)で組織調整してターゲットを作成した。作成したターゲットは、10μm以下の析出物が860個/mm2であった。
表1に、ターゲットのCoの含有量、時効硬化処理の有無、純度(%)、C濃度(ppm)、O濃度(ppm)、析出物数(10μm以下)、パーティクル数(平均値)を測定した結果と評価を示す。
インゴットを得るまでの工程は、上記実施例1と同様の手順を経る(但し、純度を除く)ので、記載を省略する。これによって、純度3N5、C:4ppm、O:5ppm、Cu-20at%Coインゴットを製造し、次にこのインゴットを鍛造温度900℃、冷間圧延(圧下率70%)、熱処理(500℃)で組織調整してターゲットを作成した。作成したターゲットは、10μm以下の析出物が760個/mm2であった。
表1に、ターゲットのCoの含有量、時効硬化処理の有無、純度(%)、C濃度(ppm)、O濃度(ppm)、析出物数(10μm以下)、パーティクル数(平均値)を測定した結果と評価を示す。
インゴットを得るまでの工程は、上記実施例1と同様の手順を経る(但し、純度を除く)ので、記載を省略する。これによって、純度4N, C: 12ppm , O: 4ppm,Cu-0.1at%Coインゴットを製造し、次にこのインゴットを鍛造温度900℃、冷間圧延(圧下率70%)、熱処理(500℃)で組織調整してターゲットを作成した。作成したターゲットは 10μm以下の析出物が800個/mm2であった。作成したターゲットをスパッタ装置で成膜してウエハ上のパーティクルを測定した。
これは不純物としてのC濃度が高く、結果として多量にCu-Coが析出したことが原因と考えられる。表1に、ターゲットのCoの含有量、時効硬化処理の有無、純度(%)、C濃度(ppm)、O濃度(ppm)、析出物数(10μm以下)、パーティクル数(平均値)を測定した結果と評価を示す。
インゴットを得るまでの工程は、上記実施例1と同様の手順を経る(但し、純度を除く)ので、記載を省略する。これによって、純度4N, C: 6ppm , O: 13ppm,Cu-0.1at%Coインゴットを製造し、次にこのインゴットを鍛造温度900℃、冷間圧延(圧下率70%)、熱処理(500℃)で組織調整してターゲットを作成した。作成したターゲットは 10μm以下の析出物が830個/mm2であった。作成したターゲットをスパッタ装置で成膜してウエハ上のパーティクルを測定した。
インゴットを得るまでの工程は、上記実施例1と同様の手順を経る(但し、純度を除く)ので、記載を省略する。これによって、純度4N, C: 20ppm , O: 5ppm,Cu-1at%Coインゴットを製造し、次にこのインゴットを鍛造温度900℃、冷間圧延(圧下率70%)、熱処理(500℃)で組織調整してターゲットを作成した。作成したターゲットは 10μm以下の析出物が680個/mm2であった。作成したターゲットをスパッタ装置で成膜してウエハ上のパーティクルを測定した。
これは不純物としてのC濃度が高く、結果として多量にCu-Coが析出したことが原因と考えられる。表1に、ターゲットのCoの含有量、時効硬化処理の有無、純度(%)、C濃度(ppm)、O濃度(ppm)、析出物数(10μm以下)、パーティクル数(平均値)を測定した結果と評価を示す。
インゴットを得るまでの工程は、上記実施例1と同様の手順を経る(但し、純度を除く)ので、記載を省略する。これによって、純度4N, C: 7ppm , O: 30ppm,Cu-1at%Coインゴットを製造し、次にこのインゴットを鍛造温度900℃、冷間圧延(圧下率70%)、熱処理(500℃)で組織調整してターゲットを作成した。作成したターゲットは 10μm以下の析出物が800個/mm2であった。作成したターゲットをスパッタ装置で成膜してウエハ上のパーティクルを測定した。
インゴットを得るまでの工程は、上記実施例1と同様の手順を経る(但し、純度を除く)ので、記載を省略する。これによって、純度4N, C: 15ppm , O: 5ppm,Cu-5at%Coインゴットを製造し、次にこのインゴットを鍛造温度900℃、冷間圧延(圧下率70%)、熱処理(500℃)で組織調整してターゲットを作成した。作成したターゲットは 10μm以下の析出物が560個/mm2であった。作成したターゲットをスパッタ装置で成膜してウエハ上のパーティクルを測定した。
これは不純物としてのC濃度が高く、結果として多量にCu-Coが析出したことが原因と考えられる。表1に、ターゲットのCoの含有量、時効硬化処理の有無、純度(%)、C濃度(ppm)、O濃度(ppm)、析出物数(10μm以下)、パーティクル数(平均値)を測定した結果と評価を示す。
インゴットを得るまでの工程は、上記実施例1と同様の手順を経る(但し、純度を除く)ので、記載を省略する。これによって、純度4N, C: 5ppm , O: 14ppm,Cu-5at%Coインゴットを製造し、次にこのインゴットを鍛造温度900℃、冷間圧延(圧下率70%)、熱処理(500℃)で組織調整してターゲットを作成した。作成したターゲットは 10μm以下の析出物が620個/mm2であった。作成したターゲットをスパッタ装置で成膜してウエハ上のパーティクルを測定した。
インゴットを得るまでの工程は、上記実施例1と同様の手順を経る(但し、純度を除く)ので、記載を省略する。これによって、純度4N, C: 11ppm , O: 6ppm,Cu-10at%Coインゴットを製造し、次にこのインゴットを鍛造温度900℃、冷間圧延(圧下率70%)、熱処理(500℃)で組織調整してターゲットを作成した。作成したターゲットは 10μm以下の析出物が590個/mm2であった。作成したターゲットをスパッタ装置で成膜してウエハ上のパーティクルを測定した。
これは不純物としてのC濃度が高く、結果として多量にCu-Coが析出したことが原因と考えられる。表1に、ターゲットのCoの含有量、時効硬化処理の有無、純度(%)、C濃度(ppm)、O濃度(ppm)、析出物数(10μm以下)、パーティクル数(平均値)を測定した結果と評価を示す。
インゴットを得るまでの工程は、上記実施例1と同様の手順を経る(但し、純度を除く)ので、記載を省略する。これによって、純度4N, C: 9ppm , O: 19ppm,Cu-10at%Coインゴットを製造し、次にこのインゴットを鍛造温度900℃、冷間圧延(圧下率70%)、熱処理(500℃)で組織調整してターゲットを作成した。作成したターゲットは 10μm以下の析出物が540個/mm2であった。作成したターゲットをスパッタ装置で成膜してウエハ上のパーティクルを測定した。
インゴットを得るまでの工程は、上記実施例1と同様の手順を経る(但し、純度を除く)ので、記載を省略する。これによって、純度4N, C: 14ppm , O: 9ppm,Cu-20at%Coインゴットを製造し、次にこのインゴットを鍛造温度900℃、冷間圧延(圧下率70%)、熱処理(500℃)で組織調整してターゲットを作成した。作成したターゲットは 10μm以下の析出物が630個/mm2であった。作成したターゲットをスパッタ装置で成膜してウエハ上のパーティクルを測定した。
これは不純物としてのC濃度が高く、結果として多量にCu-Coが析出したことが原因と考えられる。表1に、ターゲットのCoの含有量、時効硬化処理の有無、純度(%)、C濃度(ppm)、O濃度(ppm)、析出物数(10μm以下)、パーティクル数(平均値)を測定した結果と評価を示す。
インゴットを得るまでの工程は、上記実施例1と同様の手順を経る(但し、純度を除く)ので、記載を省略する。これによって、純度4N, C: 5ppm , O: 20ppm,Cu-20at%Coインゴットを製造し、次にこのインゴットを鍛造温度900℃、冷間圧延(圧下率70%)、熱処理(500℃)で組織調整してターゲットを作成した。作成したターゲットは 10μm以下の析出物が810個/mm2であった。作成したターゲットをスパッタ装置で成膜してウエハ上のパーティクルを測定した。
Claims (5)
- Co0.1~20at%を含有し、残部がCu及び不可避的不純物である高純度銅コバルト合金スパッタリングターゲットであって、該ターゲット組織の析出物のサイズ(大きさ)が10μm以下で、かつ該析出物の個数が500個/mm2以下であることを特徴とする高純度銅コバルト合金スパッタリングターゲット。
- Co0.1~20at%を含有し、残部がCu及び不可避的不純物である高純度銅コバルト合金スパッタリングターゲットであって、該ターゲットに含まれる不純物の炭素(C)及び酸素(O)がそれぞれ10ppm以下であり、純度が99.99%(4N)以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の高純度銅コバルト合金スパッタリングターゲット。
- ターゲット原料を、溶解、鋳造、鍛造、熱処理、機械加工により製造したターゲットであることを特徴とする請求項1~2のいずれか一項に記載の高純度銅コバルト合金スパッタリングターゲット。
- Co0.1~20at%を含有し、残部がCu及び不可避的不純物である高純度銅コバルト合金スパッタリングターゲットの製造方法であって、コバルト及び銅の原料を溶解・鋳造してインゴットを作製し、このインゴットを時効硬化処理せずに、熱間鍛造、冷間圧延、熱処理を行い、ターゲットに加工することを特徴とする請求項1~2のいずれか一項に記載の高純度銅コバルト合金スパッタリングターゲットの製造方法。
- 原料の純度が99.99%(4N)以上であり、該原料に含まれる不純物の炭素(C)及び酸素(O)がそれぞれ10ppm以下である原料を用いることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の高純度銅コバルト合金スパッタリングターゲットの製造方法。
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US14/759,424 US9909196B2 (en) | 2013-03-01 | 2014-02-19 | High-purity copper-cobalt alloy sputtering target |
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CN109913689A (zh) * | 2017-12-13 | 2019-06-21 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种用于油水井及管网的防垢合金及其制备方法 |
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US9909196B2 (en) | 2018-03-06 |
US20150354047A1 (en) | 2015-12-10 |
EP2915898A4 (en) | 2015-12-16 |
EP2915898A1 (en) | 2015-09-09 |
TWI612157B (zh) | 2018-01-21 |
TW201504462A (zh) | 2015-02-01 |
JP5837202B2 (ja) | 2015-12-24 |
EP2915898B1 (en) | 2020-04-22 |
JPWO2014132857A1 (ja) | 2017-02-02 |
KR102030875B1 (ko) | 2019-10-10 |
KR20160002673A (ko) | 2016-01-08 |
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